Do-it-yourself spiral staircase: we make spiral staircases to the second floor ourselves. Features of calculations and drawings for creating a spiral staircase with your own hands Make an external spiral staircase with your own hands

Spiral staircases are perhaps the most non-standard option of all existing ones. This type of design has more advantages than disadvantages. Externally, the spiral staircase looks aesthetically pleasing. In terms of functionality, it takes up less space, which is very important if the area does not allow the construction of a different type of staircase.

Thanks to its simple design, you can make it yourself.

When making stairs, different textures and materials are used. Depending on the intended project, you can create a real masterpiece with your own hands. Everyone wants to install an original staircase in their home. You can modify the option you have seen from others by finishing it with original decorative elements. Using high-quality materials and observing the required proportions, anyone can build a reliable spiral staircase - who knows how to hold a tool in their hands and has a little knowledge of drawing. In order not to go off topic, we invite you to get acquainted with the materials from which stairs are built:

valuable wood species;
metal structures;
concrete bases;
a natural stone;
glass or ceramics.

The finished appearance of the structure depends on the material chosen for the steps and fences. Following traditions, it is not at all necessary to make a staircase made of wood. Options made of metal and natural stone will look great in a modern interior. Recently, there has been a tendency to erect monolithic structures made of concrete. Very good results can be achieved by combining different materials.

Metal elements combine very harmoniously with wooden steps.

By combining, saving on expensive materials, you can create unique designs. Glass-metal spiral staircases are no less popular.

When choosing a material for a future staircase, you should take into account the dynamics of the overall style of the home. Using the most common material, natural wood for stairs, you can get a durable structure that does not go out of fashion.

Spiral staircases made of natural polished stone look in tune with the modern interior. More often, only steps are made of stone, and the frame is made of metal.

All-stone structures are strong, but very bulky.

Using the example of interfloor staircases in high-rise residential buildings. Craftsmen build monolithic concrete stairs in their homes. The end result pleases with the most unimaginable options.

DIY spiral staircase step by step

The compact screw design combines lightweight weightlessness and strength. We invite you to consider the step-by-step instructions using the example of a structure made of wood and metal. The presented option will bring originality and comfort to the interior. This staircase will be made with love in-house. Creating a screw structure consists of several important steps:

design taking into account the characteristics of the room;
developing a drawing or using a ready-made diagram;
calculation and purchase of necessary materials;
marking and erection of staircase structures;
design of railings or steps;
the final stage is finishing work.

Before you start making a ladder or abandon this idea, we suggest you watch a video in which people actually share their experiences. It turns out that if you want to do it, it’s not difficult.

Any design in construction begins with measurements of the premises. The more accurately the calculations are made, the easier it will be to work on the project. You need two people to take measurements; you can involve members of your household for this activity. The step-by-step process of making a spiral staircase looks like this:

The number of steps will depend on the design and height of the rooms. The individual anatomical characteristics of the residents should also be taken into account.

You can see what the base of the stairs will look like without wooden steps in the video. The result is still unfinished, there is a lot of work ahead. However, you can already notice the grace and beauty of the spiral staircase.

It is better to use parquet varnish - it is considered more resistant to abrasion. The metal parts of the stairs are painted with nitro enamel or oil-based paint in several layers.

Which wood is best to use for steps?

This question worries everyone who has decided to make a staircase with their own hands. It is preferable to choose valuable species, they will last longer. If this option seems costly to you, additional processing of the steps will be required. The best option is to use hardwood: beech, oak, hornbeam, ash. The adhesive array of valuable wood species has proven itself well. In terms of price, this option is less expensive and very high quality. For those who want to save money, we can offer a budget option: multilayer plywood.

The steps made of larch look luxurious. The high cost of wood is completely justified. As for pine, it is more suitable for ordinary stairs. However, this does not mean that it is short-lived at home. There are cases when birch was used as a material for steps. Each type of wood has its own characteristics, pros and cons. The choice should be based on quality and financial capabilities. Any wood after tinting looks naturally like an expensive material.

Advantages and disadvantages

A spiral staircase can rightfully be considered an example of elegant beauty in the interior. The screw element performs several compositional and constructive actions at once. Hand-made steps will become a bright accent in the design of the room. During operation, despite the advantages of this type of assembly, there will always be disadvantages. We invite you to weigh the pros and cons.

Advantages

The staircase does not take up much space and allows you to save space. Suitable for small spaces. Most often placed in the corner of the room.
In terms of costs, the screw design is cheaper than the marching version. If you use the budget option, you can save a decent amount, which is very important for people with average incomes.
There is enough free space under the stairs that can be put to good use.

Flaws

There are many technologies for installing a screw structure. To do everything right and make the process easier, each master uses his own tricks and secrets. We invite you to get acquainted with some of them. We hope that the selection will become a useful guide to action.

The main attention should be paid to the steps; how comfortable the design will be depends on their quality and location.
An important fact is the material from which it will be made. Materials must be strong, durable and reliable.
It is important to pay attention to the fire and moisture resistance of the stairs. If necessary, treat the wood with special impregnations.
The stairs must be equipped with comfortable handrails so that elderly people and children do not experience discomfort when ascending or descending.
All fasteners must be carried out efficiently and reliably. There should be no sharp objects sticking out of your feet.
Paint the base and steps only when they are clean; to be safe, you can go over the surfaces with a vacuum cleaner.
When marking, inaccuracies are unacceptable, otherwise the steps will creak.
If suddenly the wooden elements wear out, they can be replaced at any time. To avoid injury, any malfunction must be corrected immediately.
The following are often used as decoration for railings: forged elements, glass, carved wood.
The condition of staircases must be regularly monitored, painted and cleared of blockages.

Knowing how to make a spiral staircase with your own hands will help you save money and give your home exclusivity. In a self-made structure, there can be no doubt about the quality and durability. The recommendations presented above will help you independently select the necessary materials, make calculations and perform high-quality installation.

A staircase structure of any kind, while performing an aesthetic function, must be multifunctional and comfortable. It is difficult to imagine a two-story house without a spiral staircase or another version of the lifting system.

There are a large number of options for designing structures and decorating steps. The article will tell you how to make a spiral staircase from wood with your own hands, their types.

Often the usual marching structures for moving a person between floors are replaced by screw analogues. In this case, the ascent and descent occurs in a circle. In this design, the steps have a rather intricate shape, which creates certain difficulties in its manufacture. But sometimes owners want to make spiral staircases out of wood with their own hands.

At the same time, it is worth getting acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of the designs:

Advantages	Flaws
Significant space saving, which is especially important in small spaces; The beautiful appearance allows such structures to be mounted in the center of the room; Low price, which reduces the cost of materials used; The support post located in the center can ensure the stability and safety of the structure.	The difficult production is explained by rather complex calculations and rolling of a wooden bowstring; Different widths along the entire plane of the steps reduce the comfort of movement from floor to floor; It is quite difficult to carry large things, especially with a small opening diameter.

Types of structures

Wooden spiral staircases have some discrepancies in fastening the steps. Their main options are presented in the photo.

Options for fixing steps include:

The central pillar and walls serve as support. In this case, a column is created separately from masonry or from the narrow ends of the steps. The creation of a classic spiral staircase is carried out during the construction phase of the building. In this case, the steps are embedded in the wall, and the central column itself is embedded in the floor;
The pinching of the steps is cantilever, on the internal rack. The main advantage of this type of spiral staircase is the ability to install it anywhere in the room. The stability and rigidity of the steps is achieved by connecting the edges of the steps with bolts;
The supporting structure includes a stand and a bowstring;
The elements rest only on the casing;
Fastening the steps on bent strings, without a supporting column. These are the most beautiful wooden spiral staircases. Their steps are fixed inside spiral elements, which are also the railings of the structure. These are the most expensive products;
Modular spiral staircases. This is a set of modules that are connected in a certain sequence, at the desired angle. They may have: a central stringer or a central column. Such designs:

Simple and easy to install.
Can be installed anywhere in the room.
You can adjust the angle rotation.
The length and height of the modules can be adjusted.
Affordable price.
Unusual design.

Tip: The most beautiful look is a do-it-yourself spiral staircase made of wood, which has a rounded string. But it is not worth making such a design at home, due to its high complexity.

Design selection

Before making a wooden spiral staircase yourself, its design is selected taking into account the following characteristics:

Number of steps. For stairs with a height of 2.9 meters, the number of steps should be 15 pieces. In this case, the height of the riser will be 190 mm. If it is necessary to reduce the size of the riser, it is enough to additionally add up to two steps.
Step thickness. Usually it is chosen 50 mm.
Which way will the staircase twist?: clockwise, or counterclockwise. This factor has a significant impact on the ease of use of the spiral staircase. This is due to the fact that right-handers and left-handers begin their movement from different legs - from the right or left leg, respectively.

Tip: When purchasing or making a spiral staircase, you must take into account the direction of movement along it.

Design calculation

Before you make a spiral wooden staircase, you need to calculate it.

Wherein:

The support for the structure is a steel pipe, diameter 60 - 80 mm, wall thickness - 5 mm.
For welding For consoles, a steel angle is used.
For arranging steps Solid wood is used.

A spiral staircase is a regular circle, its diameter corresponds to the size of the opening.

To calculate the circumference, use the following formula:

L=2πR*n or L=2πR* (γ/360),
L—circumference;
R is the outer radius of the circle;
R1 is the diameter of the support pipe;
γ is the angular value that makes up the difference in height between the steps.

In practice, for normal movement on steps, 2/3R is taken as the radius of movement. As a result, the circumference will be: l=2π*2R/3*n=4πR/3*n

Step calculation

The main difference between the steps of a spiral staircase is the specific shape of the steps. The console of such a system is a petal with a rounded edge. It is characterized by the following parameters:

h is the length of the step, equal to the difference between the radius of the opening and the outer radius of the support pipe.

Advice: For steps up to one meter in length, the console should be made of hard wood, without a frame.

W1 is the width of the tread of the structure;
W2 - width of the step blank;
α is the step angle.

To determine the number of steps, you need to divide the height of the existing opening by the rise of the step. The most convenient rise of steps is 150 - 200 mm.

The step angle is calculated:

α = γ/number of steps;
Having the size of the element width and its angle, the largest tread width is calculated: W1=R*sinα;
The width of the tread is calculated: w= r* sinα= (2R*sinα)/3.

The optimal option for spiral staircases is with a tread width in the range of 200 - 300 mm.

Tip: In drawings of a spiral staircase, you should show horizontal and vertical projections, two scans: along the line of movement and the outer edge.

After all the calculations have been made, you can decide how to make a spiral staircase out of wood.

Installation of a screw system for stairs

There are specific instructions for assembling a stair screw structure:

The spiral staircase is calculated;
The location of the main rack is selected, the lower support flange is attached to install it;
The first step is attached to the floor; usually it and the flange are one piece;
The vertical installation of the support post is checked by the building level;
Bushings are installed on the top of the rack.

The steps are attached according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the structure;
Comfortable do-it-yourself spiral staircases made of wood on the second floor are fixed to the walls of the opening, or to the top step;
A support rod is fixed at the top;
Handrails and barriers for protection are selected and installed.

To better imagine how to make a spiral staircase out of wood, you should carefully watch the video in this article.

Specifically for installing a wooden spiral staircase, there are some nuances.

These include:

To determine the location of the main rack, it is necessary to pull two cords on the second floor diagonally across the room, perpendicular to each other. At the point of their intersection, fix a plumb line, which will allow you to mark the place for the rack on the first floor.
The central support must be made of a pipe with a diameter greater than 50 mm.
To ensure the safety of the structure, the support rod must be installed on a separate concrete pad and secured with anchor bolts.
Fixing the steps on the rack is done from their narrow side.

This is a brief description of how to make a wooden spiral staircase with your own hands. The video shows the entire process with all the nuances. Wooden structures can be combined with other materials.

It can be:

Stone;
Tree;
Metal.

For many centuries, wood has been the main material for making staircases. Many people are still interested in how to make spiral staircases from wood. Using the advice of professionals, studying the assembly features, and performing all the calculations correctly, you can create a real masterpiece of design in your home.

A staircase in a private low-rise building carries not only a functional load - it must be beautiful and easy to use. Even for a one-story house, you need to equip some kind of lifting device, and for a two- or three-story house, calculating a spiral staircase or a staircase of another design is vital. Screw (spiral) staircase structures have the main advantage - they take up little space. The space for climbing using such a device will be the same as when using conventional marching or other spatial structures, and if the house is wooden, then a wooden staircase will perfectly complement the design elements of the premises, without ceasing to meet safety requirements.

How to choose the shape of a spiral staircase

The classic version of the product with a spiral design involves the steps resting on the wall on one side, and their fastening to the load-bearing column on the other. The characteristic and main distinguishing feature of screw products is a separate stone, concrete or brick column. The building material for this option is concrete or natural stone, sometimes wood or metal, and even more rarely, a combination of all these materials including glass and plastic. A classic staircase is built immediately during the construction of a house, since the steps must be walled up in the wall, and the supporting column must be embedded in the base of the floor.

The correct choice of model is based on knowledge of the structures, types, functionality and design of stair products. The main classification is based on the following criteria:

Construction materials;
Design - by shape (spiral), by style (high-tech, classic), by design features (modular);
Shape of the stairs;
Place of operation;
Railing design;
Dimensions and design dimensions of the product.

Functional purpose:

Stairs for entering a house or premises;
Interfloor structures;
Auxiliary (for utility rooms);
Entrance to the basement;
Entrance to the attic or attic.

The most common solutions for staircase structures:

Straight marching, rotary (spiral) models made of wood or metal with the possible inclusion of plastic and glass;
Products are modular or made from prefabricated elements;
Products constructed on rails, stringers or brackets;
Stairs that can be converted into other household structures, portable models;
External and internal staircase models;
Wall-mounted or individual products;
Stairs with steps of closed or open design;
Models with and without railings.

Making spiral staircases with your own hands, drawings of which can be found in the public domain, is possible with skillful use of tools, diagrams and knowledge of the basics of working with wood and metal - any staircase should be not only beautiful and comfortable, but also safe, especially if in the house old people and children live there.

Wooden stairs with marches

A marching lift is the simplest design that you can make yourself. For such a staircase, they most often develop their own drawing, which indicates in detail all the dimensions of two or more flights, which are separated by steps or turning surfaces.

Important! Any variants of stairs are complex engineering structures, the implementation of which requires accuracy in calculations and reliability of building materials. Staircase calculations can be done online or independently, but it is better to use the services of specialists.

Calculations and algorithms - example

The first step to making a staircase is choosing your design option. A wooden spiral staircase, the drawing of which was developed and compiled by outside specialists, requires verification and clarification of the calculation results. Moreover, each specific solution will have its own individual construction conditions. So, when using a staircase with a side support, you will need to equip a “well”, in the side planes of which the steps will be rigidly built. The “well” is a technically complex mechanism, and you can make it yourself, but it is preferable to go with the option with a load-bearing beam on the main rod.

As an example, we can provide an independent calculation of a screw model, in which the support beam is a metal pipe with a wall thickness of 5 mm, the Ø of the main pipe is 48 cm. The metal corners will serve as fastening of the consoles by welding, the steps will be made of solid wood. An ideal screw design is a regular circle with a diameter equal to the dimensions of the entrance opening to the room. A simple but accurate formula to calculate the circumference of a staircase:

L = 2πR x n; or L=2πR x (γ / 360);

R – radius of the circle of the structure;
R 1 – internal radius of the stairs (pipe diameter);
γ – stair turn, the value reflects the difference in height between the steps of the stairs;
L – circumference.

The practical implementation of the model calculated using this formula showed that comfortable movement along such stairs will be complicated by tight openings, therefore the radius of movement should be 2R / 3. The final and working formula:

From the comparative diagram above it is clear that a staircase with a spiral design differs from a straight model by a different, more specific shape of steps. The console of a spiral product is a petal with a rounded end and with specific characteristics and meanings:

h is the length of one tread, reflecting the difference between R and R 1. If the length of one step is chosen to be less than 1 m, then the console can be made of hard wood without a frame;
W 1 – tread width;
W 2 – step width;
Α – stage rotation angle.

To find out the total number of steps, you need to divide the height of the opening by the rise, the standard and comfortable value of which is taken to be 15-30 cm. The angle is calculated by

α= γ / number of steps;

Having the calculated width and angle values, you can calculate the maximum tread width:

W 1 = R x sin α

The average tread width will be:

W = R x sin α = (2R x sin α) / 3

Types of spiral staircases

The screw model is not a necessary solution. It is equipped if there is not enough space in the room for a marching structure. The design of such products can be absolutely anything - from classic to modern or high-tech. For example, a wrought iron staircase is suitable for any interior if individual parts and elements are finished with wood or stone. Spiral models also work as auxiliary structures - attics, basements, etc.

Disadvantages of screw spiral designs of internal stairs:

It is more difficult to climb on a helical surface than on a marching surface - due to the cramped and circular design, there is a danger of injury, children and the elderly are especially at risk;
It is inconvenient to lift/lower pieces of furniture and other bulky items using a screw product;
The complex geometry of the steps makes it difficult to quickly move along the steps, since the steps for the left and right legs will have different sizes;

But the appearance of such a model most often outweighs all its shortcomings - the design looks light and airy, although it is very durable and reliable. Rotary staircase systems are also considered screw, as they have winder steps in the device. Turning stairs are as follows:

Curvilinear complex design;
Half-turn rotary models;
Quarter turn devices;
Curved models.

When assembling and installing the rotating model, it is strengthened along the load-bearing wall, with a handrail on the outside. The disadvantage of such structures is considered to be an uncomfortable climb up the steps.

Features of installation of a spiral staircase

The assembly of spiral staircases is carried out in a certain sequence, violation of which can weaken the structure:

Calculation of parameters for specific operating conditions;
Selecting a place for support, installing the support bottom flange;
Fastening the first step to the floor with a flange;
A set of bushings for the support post, fastening the remaining steps;
Fastening the entire frame to the wall, or mounting the structure to the ceiling using the top step;
Fastening the upper end of the support;
Choosing the design and design of railings and other protective elements.

To calculate where to install the supporting metal rod, two construction cords are pulled diagonally on the second floor at the location where the stairs are installed. At the intersection of the cords, a plumb line is attached, and on the first floor the center of the axis is marked, which will be the main axis of the staircase. The tube for the rod should be ≈ 50 mm in diameter if it is metal. The wooden post should be at least twice as thick.

For safe operation of a screw, attic or attic, it is recommended to fill the support with concrete - for this purpose a separate concrete cushion is installed. The support can be secured to concrete using anchor bolts or turboprops through a metal flange with mounting holes.

The steps on the main support are mounted at a smaller size. The height of the riser should be equal to the height of the sleeve minus the thickness of the washer, which is inserted between the bushings and the tread. The washers must be metal to minimize their wear during operation.

If desired, parts made from other decorative durable materials - glass, stone, plastic, marble, etc. - can be inserted into the elements of wooden spiral staircases. The lifespan of the staircase and the degree of its strength depend on the material from which the main supporting rod is made. Therefore, preference is given to building materials such as asbestos cement, concrete or metal. The steps are attached in different ways: to asbestos cement or concrete - with bolts or anchors, to metal - by welding or threaded connections. Sometimes a brick, wood or stone column is used as the main support.

When building a house with at least 2 floors, you definitely need to think about the stairs in it. And if the house is built with your own hands, it is logical to build the stairs as well.

Various photos of stairs help you make a preliminary choice and clearly understand what type of lift you need. But before you start carrying out the work, carefully calculate the future structure for strength and dimensions, this will save time and money, because incorrect calculations (or lack thereof) will lead to numerous alterations of the original project.

Types of stairs

There are a large number of different options for flights of stairs. They differ in the material of manufacture (wood, concrete or metal), the type of rise (sloping staircase, spiral staircase, with a turn at a certain degree).

The most common is a wooden staircase. Staircases are also often constructed with a 90-degree turn. It is not uncommon for these two types of lifting devices to be combined into one.

In case of limited space, make a spiral staircase from metal. The screw type of lift allows you to save space, and making it from metal increases the strength of the structure. Concrete is used for stairs in massive buildings (for example, mansions).

What to pay attention to

In a low-rise building, without any construction experience, it is better to order a modular staircase, a kind of construction set, where all the parts are cut out and numbered, and all you have to do is assemble them using the instructions. This is how wooden stairs are usually made.

When building a concrete staircase, in addition to pouring the frame, you will need to perform external finishing (with beautiful stone or wood materials). It turns out to be a double waste of time and money. However, for cottages with 3 or more floors, they are mandatory according to fire safety requirements.

When making a staircase for the first time, you don’t need to jump straight into a complex structure. The simpler the model, the more likely it is that you will be able to successfully build this lifting device on the first try.

Pay attention to the angle of inclination of the stairs: if it is more than 45 degrees, the ladder will be considered an extension, and you can only go down it backwards. The optimal elevation angle is considered to be 37 degrees.

Wood is preferable as a material for construction, since, thanks to its properties, it allows you to correct minor construction flaws that arose due to inaccurate calculations and inexperience of the work performer.

Also, after construction, the building may settle due to loose soil, as a result the staircase can become several centimeters higher or lower than the floor, and it is easier to correct this in a wooden structure.

When constructing a lift with a turn towards, the distance between spans must be at least 100 mm.

Construction stages

Answering the question of how to make a staircase to the second floor with your own hands, there are several stages of construction.

The first stage of any structure, be it a staircase into a house or an interfloor staircase, is the creation of a project. Particular attention should be paid to the safety of the building and its ease of use.

The structure must support the average weight of an ordinary person with a fair margin. Be sure to use railings!

If they are not there, another fence must be designed to ensure the safety of descent and ascent.

Consider creating a wooden staircase with stringers

After you have designed your building, you need to prepare the materials. In our case, choose boards of suitable thickness and length, prepare balusters with railings and prepare stringers. This will be the second stage of construction.

A 4 cm thick pine board is suitable as a material for stringers. On it, mark the steps according to the pattern and cut them out with a jigsaw.

Note!

We use the resulting product as a sample for the second (and if the width of the staircase is more than a meter, then the third) stringer. Let's cut the required number of steps to size.

The third stage will be assembling all the parts together. First of all, the stringers are installed in their permanent locations. Then, using self-tapping screws, the steps are attached to the stringers.

Then, using pins, balusters are placed on the steps, and handrails are attached to them. The staircase is ready!

DIY staircase photo

Note!

Owners of houses (and, more recently, apartments) with two or more floors are definitely faced with the problem of building a staircase. Since ancient times, a spiral staircase has been considered the best solution to this problem. Firstly, it takes up relatively little space, which allows you to significantly save space, and secondly, due to its design it has a sufficient margin of safety. Of course, the easiest way is to entrust the construction of such a staircase to professionals or buy a ready-made structure at a construction supermarket. But if ready-made “standard” options do not suit you, and there is no desire or opportunity to hire specialists, then you can make a metal spiral staircase yourself. True, we must immediately make a reservation that this is quite a difficult matter, but armed with certain knowledge and skills, it is quite possible to cope with this task.

On the stringers. The main supporting element of such a staircase is one or more support beams, on top of which the steps are laid. The ends of the steps in this case remain open;
The main supporting element of such a staircase is one or more support beams
On the bowstrings. In this case, the steps are attached to the inner sides of the load-bearing elements. They can be two string beams, or one beam and a central support column;
In this case, the steps are attached to the inner sides of the load-bearing elements
On pain. There are no support beams in this staircase design at all. The steps are attached either to the wall (for marching stairs) or, which is important in our case, to the central support column using bolts.
There are no support beams in this staircase design at all.

Quite interesting and easy to manufacture is the symbiosis of a flight of stairs and a spiral staircase. This design perfectly combines the advantages of both varieties.

The easiest to manufacture is a spiral staircase on rails with a central support column

The easiest to manufacture is a spiral staircase on rails with a central support column. Therefore, we will focus our attention on this design.

Calculation of a spiral staircase on rails

A very important step in the construction of a spiral staircase is the accurate calculation of the structure and determination of all its parameters. To create a competent drawing, we need 5 values: the height of the staircase, its diameter, the number of steps, their width, and the height of the tread. Let's consider the process of determining each of the parameters in more detail:

Stair height

Determining this parameter is simple - just use a plumb line to measure the distance from the floor to the ceiling.

Stair diameter

This value is determined in accordance with your personal preferences, as well as the characteristics of the room in which the staircase will be installed. The diameter of the staircase is equal to the length of the step multiplied by two, plus the width of the support pillar.

When choosing a diameter, it is worth remembering that the minimum step length should not be less than 50 centimeters, thus, the minimum permissible diameter of a staircase with a support pillar of 5 centimeters will be 105 centimeters. For more comfortable use of the stairs, it is desirable that this value be 135-140 centimeters with the same thickness of the support column.

Number of steps and height of offense

The required number of steps in each specific case depends on the level of the offense. It, in accordance with GOST, should range from 15 to 20 centimeters.

To begin with, you need to divide the height of the stairs by any value within these limits.

Let's assume that the height of the room is 265 centimeters. You decided to make steps 17 centimeters high. We divide 265 by 17 and the result is: 265/17 = 15.58. Since the number of steps cannot be expressed as a fraction, we round this value to a whole number (for example, 15).

Now, to calculate the required height of the offense, we divide the height of our stairs by the resulting value: 265/15 = 17.66. It is this number that will be the required level of misconduct in our case.

Since the role of the upper step will be played by the platform of the upper floor, we subtract one from the resulting number of steps: 15-1 = 14.

Thus, with a staircase height of 265 centimeters, we need 14 steps with a height of 17.66.

Since it is inconvenient to measure each offense taking into account hundredths, we will round the existing value to 17.7, while changing the height of the lower step. To do this, we use the following formula: 265 (height of the stairs) – (14 (number of steps) x 17.7) = 17.2. Thus, we have the first step with a height of 17.2 centimeters and all the rest are 17.7.

Step width

The steps for a spiral staircase are made in the form of a wedge. Thus, it will be necessary to determine their two widths - external and internal. And if the internal size can be chosen arbitrarily (the main thing is that it is at least 10 centimeters), then the external width of the steps will have to be accurately calculated. To do this, we need to know the length of the ladder along its outer edge.

When making calculations, let’s assume that the angle of rotation of our stairs is 270 degrees (the most common option).

Let's use the school formula for calculating the circumference L =2?R. Let's assume that the diameter of our stairs is 180 centimeters and the radius, respectively, is 90 centimeters. Let's apply these data to the formula and get: 2x3.14x90 = 565.2. But since our staircase is not a complete circle, we need to multiply the resulting value by? or in decimal fractions by 0.75, which will exactly correspond to 270 degrees.

If you are making a staircase with a rotation angle of 180 degrees, then the resulting circumference must be multiplied by? or, more simply, divide by 2. If the staircase makes a full rotation of 360 degrees, then no additional actions are performed.

As a result, we get: 565.2 x 0.75 = 423.9.

Now divide this value by the number of steps:

423,9 / 14 = 30,27.

This will be the width of our steps along the outer edge.

But, since the optimal place for climbing is at a distance of 2/3R from the support pillar, we multiply the length of the ladder by 0.66 (2/3 in decimal).

We get: 423.9 x 0.66 = 279.77.

Now all that remains is to divide this value by the number of our steps. The result should be between 20 and 40 (this is the width of the step that is most comfortable when climbing).

279,77 / 14 = 19,98.

As you can see, this value does not fit within the acceptable parameters, although it is quite close. Of course, you can ignore the missing 2 millimeters, but it is better to slightly reduce either the radius of our stairs or the number of steps (naturally, the previous values will have to be recalculated taking into account the changed parameters). We reduce the number of steps to 13 (14-1) and get

279,77 / 13 = 22,84.

Now the width of our steps fully complies with GOST standards, and the stairs will be safe and comfortable.

After all the calculations, we have the following dimensions of our stairs:

Height – 265 centimeters;
Diameter – 180 centimeters;
Number of steps – 13;
The height of the offense (taking into account the modified calculations) is 18.92 centimeters;
The width of the step on the inside is 10 centimeters;
Width on the outside (taking into account modified calculations) – 32.6 centimeters;
The average width of the step is 22.84 centimeters.

Using the data obtained, you can easily make a drawing of both individual steps and the staircase itself.

In conclusion, it is advisable to check our steps for compliance with GOST standards for straight stairs. We use the formula 2H + B = 60-64 centimeters (H is the height of the offense, B is the width of the step in the average value).
We get: 2 x 18.92 + 22.84 = 60.68. As you can see, the result falls within the acceptable value, which means all calculations were carried out correctly.
If the result obtained is very different from the norm, you will have to carry out the calculations again, changing the number of steps or the diameter of the stairs.

If calculating a spiral staircase seems too complicated for you, then for this purpose you can use special calculator programs that can be easily found on the Internet.

Calculation of the landing

In addition to calculating the staircase itself, it is necessary to calculate the dimensions of the upper opening and landing. And if everything is simple with the width of the opening - it should be 10 centimeters larger than the radius of the stairs, then calculating its length is done using a slightly more complex method.

According to GOST, the height from the edge of the opening to the step closest to it must be at least 2.05 meters. We divide this value by the height of our steps and round the resulting result up.

205 / 18.92 = 10.83. After rounding - 11.

We subtract the result obtained from the total number of steps.

Therefore, the edge of the upper opening should be at the same level as the 2nd step from the bottom.

The spiral staircase with a round opening looks quite interesting. Its dimensions should be 20 centimeters larger than the diameter of the stairs.

The edge of the top opening should be flush with the 2nd step from the bottom.

Installation of a spiral staircase on a support pole

The staircase assembly process consists of four main stages: installation of the central pillar, installation of steps and additional supports, installation of railings, and final finishing.

Installation of the central post

Ideally, the central pillar of a spiral staircase is installed during the construction of the house. In this case, its lower part is concreted, and the upper part is attached to the floor slab using dowels screwed into a specially welded heel-base.

It is MANDATORY to fasten the pole at both ends, otherwise the ladder will be unsafe

The depth of concreting into the floor must be at least 40 centimeters.

If the installation is carried out in a ready-made room, then the bases are welded to both ends of the support column. It is MANDATORY to secure the pole at both ends, otherwise the ladder will be unsafe.

Installation of steps and additional support

When the pole is installed, you can begin installing the steps. They can be made entirely of metal; it is best to use steel for this purpose. The steps are welded to the support column starting from the bottom, positioning them so that the front edge of each subsequent step is exactly above the rear edge of the previous one. And of course the distance between steps should be strictly observed.

In addition to the steps, it will be necessary to install one more additional support. It can be either a free-standing pillar located under one of the middle steps, or it can be a stop attached to the wall (if one of the steps abuts the wall).

The additional support is installed before the step resting on it is laid. If it is a pole, then it is attached to the floor using heels and dowels, if the support is on the wall - using anchors.

When all the steps are installed to give the structure additional rigidity and solidity, all steps are connected to each other by metal jumpers, which are welded on the back side of the stairs connecting the front and rear edges of successive steps.

After completing the installation of the steps, it is necessary to remove the scale remaining after welding (just knock it off with a hammer) and grind all sharp edges and burrs.

Installation of railings

Railings or handrails are an optional element of spiral staircases. Their installation is necessary in cases where the width of the steps is less than 90 centimeters, or the height of the stairs is more than two floors. The railings are installed on metal rods, which are welded to the steps of the stairs.