Large-fruited hawthorn - like a groom in the garden. Hawthorn, planting and care Hawthorn planting and care pruning

Hawthorn - planting and care

Hawthorn is a wonderful ornamental and medicinal plant that does not require special planting conditions or painstaking care. Spectacular species forms and varieties in their beauty can easily compete with the most sophisticated garden plants.

Popular varieties

Hawthorn is known for its incredible diversity - there are more than two hundred species of this plant. Based on the most attractive of them, species forms were obtained and exquisite varieties and hybrids were bred.

Common hawthorn

A beautiful rounded bush or tree 2–5 m high, with reddish branches studded with a few thorns, shiny leaves, small cream inflorescences and large red berries. In spring, magnificent varieties are bright balls of flowers in pure, joyful tones:

Rubra Plena – double purple with white center;
Rosea Flore Pleno – double pink;
Alba Plena – soft pink;
Candida plena – snow-white;
Paul's Scarlet - bright red.

Hawthorn monopolyta

This stable species has a high crown - up to 5–6 m, split leaves, branches with sparse spines, loose white inflorescences up to 5 cm in diameter and bright red shiny berries. The varieties differ in the color of the flowers, the location and direction of growth of the branches:

Stricta - branches point upward, forming a pyramidal crown;
Compacta – spherical small crown, white flowers, small shiny leaves;
Flexuosa - an original variety with branches twisted in the shape of a corkscrew;
Variegata - the leaves have white streaks that give the shrub an unusual, delicate and very attractive appearance;
Rosea Flore Pleno is a beautiful hybrid, double flowers, raspberry-pink.

In addition, wild hawthorn species themselves are exclusively decorative.

In common blood red hawthorn shiny reddish-brown branches, seated with numerous long spines, large dissected leaves, golden-orange in autumn, and round scarlet fruits up to 1 cm in diameter. These delicious drupes are quite edible - they are mealy, slightly sour.

Douglas hawthorn grows into a large, sloping tree with low-hanging branches free from thorns. With proper pruning, this species can be used to form a dense, wide hedge. The agate-black, glossy berries are filled with sweet, creamy pulp and attract birds.

To create an impenetrable fence around the perimeter of the site, plant large-thorned hawthorn, the branches of which are covered with curved spines up to 14 cm long. The leaves are shiny, dark green, the berries are red with dark yellow dry pulp.

Landing

Hawthorns are unpretentious to soil, but grow best on fertile loams with neutral soil. These plants are light-loving; their voluminous, tall forms require open space.

When choosing a place to plant a hawthorn, first of all, take into account its purpose:

to form hedge plant seedlings along the perimeter of the site in prepared trenches;
For obtaining fruits plants are placed at a distance of 2–3 m, in this case pits are prepared;
For tapeworm plantings(solitary plants) choose a place depending on the size of the variety - large species are planted at a distance of 5–6 m, between dwarf varieties (Compacta) or forms with a narrow crown (Stricta) leave 1.5–2 m.

Hawthorn is planted during the dormant period - in early spring before the buds open or in the fall, after dropping the leaves. Holes and trenches are dug measuring 50 × 50 cm.

Then proceed as follows:

On poor soils, extracted soil, humus and leaf soil or compost are mixed in equal proportions.
Acidic soils are limed by adding 50 g of slaked lime or a glass of chalk to the soil mixture.
Seedlings are placed in the trenches in a checkerboard pattern with a distance of 40 cm.
The roots are well covered with fertile soil so that the root collar is 5–8 cm above the soil level, compacted and watered.
After planting, the soil is mulched with humus or.

Care

In addition to the traditional and mandatory work for any garden crop to remove weeds, loosen the soil and water during drought, proper pruning is important for hawthorn, which is especially important when arranging hedge.

Young plants are easily formed in bush form, for which the main shoot is removed in the spring. In the future, formative pruning is carried out only after flowering has ended, in order to obtain a beautiful hedge, drenched in delicate color in the spring.

How to create a hedge

Plants of the selected variety are planted in trenches and then trimmed:

Neighboring bushes are re-grafted using the method of bringing together, which will make the fence reliable and allow weak plants to feed from strong ones:
Immediately after planting, the branches are shortened to a height of 20 cm.
- where the branches touch, the skin is cut off, the sections are joined and wrapped with insulating tape, which is removed in the fall;
- As the bushes grow, several more graftings are performed, but they work better on young plants.
When the bushes reach a height of 70–80 cm, they are pruned to a level of 40 cm.
When the branches grow to 100 cm, they are cut back to 70–80 cm, which allows you to get a level, dense hedge.

Advice. To get an even line, stretch a thick piece of twine along the fence you are forming.

Disease protection and pest control

Hawthorn is a resistant plant, but can be affected by some diseases; consider the symptoms and measures to combat fungal infections.

When affected, a whitish, thin, erasable coating appears on the leaves, which becomes dense over time and darkens by autumn.

Appears on the leaves in mid-summer in the form of rounded orange-red tubercles. It is important to take into account that hawthorn acts as a carrier of this disease, and the main host is, so it is better not to plant these plants nearby.

In wet conditions the bushes are affected rot leaves, manifesting itself as shapeless brownish necrotic spots covered with a brown coating of spores.

If angular brown spots appear on both sides of the leaves, the plant is infected. Over time, the affected areas fade and become gray with a dark border.

Measures to combat fungal diseases:

Affected plants are treated 2-3 times per season:
In case of severe fungal infection, diseased branches are cut out and burned.
If disease outbreaks have been noted in past periods, in the spring before the buds open, the hawthorn is treated with Nitrophen solution, which will destroy not only fungi, but also many pests.
First of all, it is important to remove fallen leaves, since fungal spores overwinter in plant debris.
- against powdery mildew with Topaz, Topsin M or colloidal sulfur;
- when affected by spots with fungicides Strobi, Skor, Oxyx or Topsin M.
In the fall, cut out withered branches and after leaf fall, spray the bushes and soil with 2% copper sulfate.

Hawthorn is attacked by common pests garden - leaf rollers, cherry sawfly, hawthorn and others. In case of severe damage, insecticides are used - BI 58, Arrivo, Decis or Confidor.

Reproduction

Hawthorn planting material is obtained by layering, green and root cuttings, grafting and seeds.

On a personal plot, a simple and effective method is successfully used - reproduction layering:

in early spring, near the mother bush, grooves up to 10 cm deep are dug in a radial direction (with rays);
prepare the soil as for planting holes and place the lower branches of the bush in the grooves, leaving the apical buds on the surface;
to prevent flexible shoots from springing, they are pinned with steel wire staples and covered with soil, after which they are watered and mulched abundantly;
During the season, 4–5 waterings are carried out, immediately after the appearance of young shoots, their bases are covered with mounds of earth 10–15 cm high;
In the fall or next spring, young plants are planted for growing.

When the roots of adult bushes are damaged, numerous shoot, which is an excellent planting material. As soon as young plants have formed their own root system, they are planted in prepared areas. Using this technique, you can not only obtain strong seedlings, but also strengthen the mother bushes, while maintaining the decorative appearance of the plantings.

Use in folk medicine

Fruits and flowers are often used as a medicinal and restorative. blood red hawthorn And common hawthorn. These medicinal plants exhibit their healing properties for cardiac disorders, hypertension, insomnia, colds, thyroid dysfunction, vitamin deficiencies, neuroses and insomnia.

To prepare medicinal infusion of flowers 3 tablespoons of color are steamed with 3 cups of boiling water, left for 20 minutes and taken a glass three times a day. The remedy is effective for bronchitis, nervous shock, dizziness, thyrotoxicosis and to strengthen the heart.

If hawthorn grows in the yard, daily use of several fresh berries After meals it will serve as a vitamin supplement, normalize blood pressure, and help stabilize blood sugar levels.

Video about the features of planting and caring for hawthorn

Hawthorn is an extremely unpretentious, useful plant that deserves close attention and planting in every area. In spring in full bloom or in autumn with orange-red leaves and bright lanterns of fruit, these colorful shrubs attract admiring glances for a long time and will not leave the most sophisticated connoisseurs indifferent.

The plant spread widely in Rus' during the time of Peter 1, as it was considered the main cure for heart disease. Hawthorn is no less popular today. Hawthorn is a honey-bearing shrub of the Rosaceae family. It grows from two to six meters in height. It can often be found in garden plots. It can simultaneously perform two functions: green the area, have many medicinal properties and contain a sea of vitamins. It is easy to care for and boasts an attractive appearance. In the article we will tell you how and where hawthorn is planted in the fall, and also provide methods for proper care of the plant.

When is the best time to plant

Many people think that in the fall all that remains is to harvest the crops, remove the fallen leaves, and they can rest until spring. In fact, the best time to replant a plant is autumn. At this time, prices are more favorable and there is a larger assortment. Many seedlings are sold with several fruits so that the buyer can see what he is getting. In autumn, minimal care is required, as prolonged warm weather and regular rains create favorable conditions for rooting.

Despite the fact that the plant is in a dormant period, the root system continues to grow until the soil temperature drops below +4 degrees Celsius. The main thing is not to miss the time of planting the seedling, so that the young roots have time to form before the onset of frost. Such roots will grow faster in the spring than those of seedlings transplanted in the spring. Another advantage of hawthorn is that the plant will harden during the winter. Such seedlings will be stronger than their relatives planted in the spring.

When choosing a location, decide on the intended purpose of the hawthorn. To create a hedge, seedlings must be planted around the perimeter of the site.

“If you want to get a good harvest, choose a well-lit place in the northern part, the plant is not afraid of direct sunlight.”

Preparing soil and seedlings

Experienced gardeners recommend preparing the site two to three weeks before the bush is transplanted. The area must first be dug up or cultivated. Test the soil for acidity before replanting by sprinkling a little vinegar on it. If foam and hissing appear, this indicates an alkaline environment. This type of soil is not entirely suitable. It is necessary to reduce the acidity level by adding lime, cement dust, chalk or ash (200-300 grams of powder per 1 square meter). Next, dig a trench or hole for planting, depending on the root system. Place a drainage layer (expanded clay, broken brick) on the bottom, and pour 1/3 of it on top of it with a fertile substrate made from a mixture of clay, humus and peat. Cover the prepared area with film to create the necessary microflora.

After you have prepared the area, begin selecting seedlings. Since the root system of hawthorn goes deep into the ground, biennial plants are well suited for propagation. When choosing planting material, pay special attention to inspecting the root system; it should be free of stains, damage and rot. Visually, it should look moisturized and fresh. Check the condition of the bark: if it is wrinkled, the seedling will not fit; it was dug up a long time ago. Pinch off a piece of the skin; if the exposed surface is green, the seedling is suitable; brown color indicates that it is better not to take such planting material. The height of the seedling should reach no more than one and a half meters.

Planting hawthorn in the fall begins with examining the seedling. If you notice dry branches, leaves or roots, cut them off using pruning shears. The seedlings need to be buried 50-70 centimeters, and at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from each other, depending on the selected variety. Uncover a previously prepared area or prepare a new one. Carefully straighten the roots and place the plant in the hole, cover it with soil on top so that the root collar is flush with the ground, compact the soil a little. Afterwards, water generously and mulch the hole around the trunk with a mixture of compost, humus and peat. Trim shoots to 10 centimeters above ground level.

If you want to grow a hedge, then before planting it, familiarize yourself with the features of this format. To create a living fence, choose single-pistillate or thorny varieties; as they grow, the branches can be intertwined. With this method of propagation, seedlings are planted not in holes, but in trenches - at a short distance relative to each other. After a year, you can begin to intertwine the branches of the bush with each other. Recommended varieties: prickly hawthorn, spur, softish.

Rules for caring for hawthorn

One of the advantages of hawthorn is its ease of care. Inspect the bush periodically, and if you find dry, damaged or excess branches, cut them off. Hawthorn needs to be pruned every spring to give it a neat appearance or desired shape. From time to time, remove debris from between the trunks of the bush. Bushes are trimmed at the required level when creating a landscape design, or at a height of two meters if the bush is used as a hedge.

Since the crop tolerates drought well, it is enough to water the bushes once a month with 10-15 liters of water. Excessive watering can lead to rotting of the root system. If the summer is hot, increase the amount of watering. For abundant flowering of hawthorn, additional watering is required during the formation of buds. After each watering, do not forget to loosen the soil in the hole and remove weeds, this contributes to better nutrition of the roots and retention of moisture in the ground.

It is necessary to fertilize twice a year: before flowering and after the leaves fall. For feeding, a solution of mullein or bird droppings is used in a ratio of 1 to 10. For large-fruited varieties, feeding is carried out three times: during flowering, during fruit ripening and in the fall.

Possible diseases

Like all plants, hawthorn is not immune to damage from pests or diseases. The most common are: Powdery mildew - the formation of a white coating on the leaves of a plant, which curls the leaves as it dries. Infected shoots must be pruned and the plant treated with fungicides. After 14 days, re-treat the bush;

Leaf roller - caterpillars feed on leaves, rolling them into tubes with their web, and then eat buds, leaves and ovaries. To combat it, treat the hawthorn with chlorophos, and for prevention in the spring, treat it with nitrophen;

Hawthorn butterfly - contents itself with the nectar of a flowering plant and lays eggs on the outside of the leaves; subsequently, the caterpillars eat both the buds and leaves. To combat them, Karbofos is used.

The most common methods of reproduction

Several methods of propagation are suitable for hawthorn: cuttings, seeds and layering. Summer residents can try each of them and choose the most suitable one. It is not easy to propagate hawthorn by seeds, since the period of germination and germination of seeds is very long, and can last from one to two years.

However, there is no guarantee that there will be a result, that is, the seeds may not germinate at all. Seeds are extracted from unripe fruits. Next, they need to be soaked in water for 72 hours, and then rubbed with sand and washed again. Next, the seeds are infused for two days in a 1% solution of potassium sulfur. Prepared seeds are planted in open ground in November.

“When the first shoots reach 65cm in height, cut them back to 15cm above ground level and remove any side branches.”

The next method is propagation by cuttings. Dig up the bush, select the roots, which are 20 cm thick and dig them out. Divide the selected material into several parts 10 cm long. Plant it in a hole prepared in advance, at an angle, so that the thicker part is on top, and sprinkle with earth. Transplantation is carried out in early spring or autumn.

The most common method is propagation by layering. To do this, in the spring, the lateral shoot, without separating it from the entire bush, is placed in a trench and secured with staples, and then buried in soil, leaving the upper part untouched. Water generously and feed the sprouts a couple of times a season with nitrogen fertilizers. When you notice the growth of the upper part, you can transplant the cuttings. In order for the layer to begin to take root on its own, pull it at the base.

With the onset of cold weather, the plant must be prepared for wintering to avoid freezing of the roots. To do this, cover the base of the stem with 15 cm of fallen leaves or straw. If you want to have a plant that fits perfectly into any landscape design and at the same time has a whole range of useful properties and vitamins, buy hawthorn. It is so easy to grow and care for that you won’t even have questions: how to plant hawthorn and how to care for it. By devoting just a little of your time to it, you can surprise your friends with a spectacular and effective decoration of your site.

Hawthorn is a magnificent honey plant. It is unpretentious, decorative and gives. This beautiful bush should be given a place even in a small dacha. How to plant hawthorn in the fall so that the plant bears fruit faster - we’ll look at it in the article.

When to plant hawthorn

Hawthorn can be planted before winter or in spring. A bush planted in autumn begins to bear fruit at the age of six.

Advantages of autumn planting:

favorable prices for seedlings;
wide range of varieties;
seedlings are sometimes sold with fruits - there is an opportunity to immediately evaluate the taste;
the plants do not require post-planting care, since autumn is the ideal conditions for rooting.

Hawthorn is planted simultaneously with other garden crops. The estimated date is October. Before the onset of frost, the bush must have time to take root, that is, form young overgrowing roots.

Plants that have taken root in the fall will better withstand the current winter. Bushes planted in the fall will undergo hardening and will be stronger than plants planted in spring. Next year they will quickly begin to grow.

Start of planting

In the middle zone, the time for planting hawthorn is mid-September and lasts until early November. In the Urals and Siberia, winter begins earlier. In these regions, autumn planting of hawthorn begins in September and ends in mid-October.

The first autumn seedlings arrive at the retail chain with leaves still on. If you received leafy planting material, immediately after planting, carefully remove all the leaves - the plant will no longer need them and will interfere with rooting.

Sowing

Seeds are sown in late autumn, at the end of November. Hawthorn seeds are covered with a durable shell and do not germinate without long-term stratification, so they are sown only in the fall. Over the winter, under the snow, they will undergo natural ripening and germinate in the spring. True, some will sprout only after a year, and many will not appear on the surface at all, since most of the hawthorn seeds are sterile.

Preparation for sowing:

Remove the seeds from unripe berries.
Soak in water for three days.
Mix with a small amount of sand and grind until the surface of the seeds is slightly scratched.
Make a 1% solution of potassium nitrate - 1 g. per liter of water.
Soak the seeds in fertilizer for two days.
Sow in a well-loosened bed.

Soil preparation

It is better to dig a hole in advance - 2-3 weeks in advance. By the time of planting, its bottom will settle, and the root collar of the planted plant will not sink deeper, but will remain on the surface of the soil.

Hawthorn seedlings are small. For them, recesses measuring 50 by 50 cm are sufficient.

Single bushes are planted in individual holes dug at a distance of 2 m from each other. The hole needs to be filled with fertile soil, and if available, with compost. You can add a tablespoon of ash, a handful of superphosphate. Young plants need to be provided with good drainage.

Hawthorn can be used to create hedges. There are thorny species that make truly impenetrable fences. For hedges, seedlings are planted in one row in a trench with an interval of 50 cm.

Preparation of seedlings

A young hawthorn bush quickly grows powerful roots, so replanting a hawthorn in the fall is possible if the plant is no more than 5 years old. Typically, seedlings go on sale at two years of age.

Before purchasing the plant, you need to inspect it thoroughly. It should be free of stains, damage and rot. The bark should look alive. Seedlings with wrinkled bark have most likely already dried out since they were dug up a long time ago. The height of planting material should not be more than 1.5 m.

Before planting, dry branches, leaves, and roots are trimmed with pruning shears. Saplings with an open root system need to immerse their roots in water for one to two hours. Plants in pots are simply removed and placed with a lump of earth into the planting hole.

The culture is unpretentious, but prefers sunny places. In the shade, plants bloom weakly and bear almost no fruit.

Planting hawthorn:

Choose a sunny location.
Dig a hole.
Place a 15 cm thick drainage layer on the bottom.
Add fertilizer and humus.
Add a mixture of lime and phosphate rock.
Place the seedling in the hole so that the root collar remains at soil level.
Cover the roots with soil.
Cut off the top of the shoot, leaving a stump of 10 cm.
Water the seedling.
Mulch the tree trunk circle with peat.

Caring for autumn hawthorn

Caring for a bush planted in autumn begins only the next year. A seedling cut short during planting should grow at least 60 cm during the season. There is no need to fertilize it in the first year - the plant will have enough nutrition in the planting hole. The main task of the gardener is to protect the still weak bush from diseases and pests.

Planting and growing vegetables and fruits, caring for the garden, building and repairing a summer house - all with your own hands.

Hawthorn from seeds: planting and growing

How to grow hawthorn

Lady berry and hawthorn are called this beautiful and useful plant. I raised my lady myself from a seed the first time. I got sick, the doctor advised me to use hawthorn fruits in any form as a remedy. I bought the fruits of the most delicious garden variety at the market and collected the seeds.

I dug up a small bed in a place protected from the wind and planted fresh seeds in the grooves at a distance of 16-20 cm from each other, to a depth of 5-6 cm. I watered the bed generously.

This was in September, and in the spring the first shoots appeared. The hawthorn sprouted slowly and awkwardly: the main shoots appeared only a year later. This delay is due to the dense and thick pericarp. Various methods are used to speed up the germination of hawthorn seeds, but at that time I was a novice gardener and did not know these methods. And they are very simple - this is stratification, treatment with chemical reagents, sowing of immature seeds treated for 24 hours with a 1% solution of potassium nitrate.

Stratification of hawthorn seeds

Fresh hawthorn seeds are poured with water, and the empty ones float, while the good ones remain at the bottom. They need to be washed and dried, then mixed with sand and peat (1:3), scattered in an even layer into shallow boxes, moistened and placed in the basement. They should remain there all winter and spring; it is advisable to leave them for the summer, and sow them in the fall or (better!) in the spring of next year.

Treatment of seeds with chemicals

We use caustic soda, acids, etc.

Method of sowing hawthorn seeds

Collect unripe fruits, soak them in water for 1-2 days, then rub through a sieve and rinse. Place the resulting seeds in a solution of potassium nitrate (1%) for a day, and then sow them in the ground before winter. Seeds remain viable for 1-2 years.

By the way, my seeds, sown before winter without treatment, remained viable for 3 years. Hawthorn has a lot of empty seeds, so sowing needs to be done more densely.

Hawthorn shoots are as beautiful as angels and look like apple tree shoots. Leaves of the same shape as mature plants appear later. The stem is burgundy-pink. In the first year, seedlings grow very slowly, only 10 centimeters. Then growth accelerates, and after 7-8 years it slows down again.

In my mini-nursery, I removed weeds, sometimes watered them - that’s all the care. After 3-5 years, I transplanted the seedlings to a permanent location, and gave most of them to neighbors and significant others.

Growing hawthorn: 300 years without special care

Hawthorn is very unpretentious, grows on poor soils and in places with poor ecology. It easily tolerates both excess and lack of moisture and light, and does not freeze in harsh winters.

During periods of prolonged drought, the leaves curl and dry out, and come to life again after rain. I have hawthorn growing in three different places on my property. Near the pump there is already a tree about 5 meters high, near the road there are beautiful fluffy bushes, and near the fence, under the poplar, the hawthorn develops worse, blooms poorly, does not bear fruit at all, it is much lower than its fellows planted at the same time. Practice shows that in more favorable conditions, hawthorn develops better.

Hawthorn has a very powerful root system, and it lives for 300-400 years.

Once again I want to emphasize that it is very beautiful all year round. In winter, bushes and small trees shed their leaves, and their branches look very beautiful - purple-brown, shiny, lined with thick, up to 10 cm, thorns. These spines are not fully formed shoots. Tiny leaves grow on them, but they soon die off. The spines are as hard as nails. During the period when there are no flowers yet, hawthorn is good for its interesting leaf shape. Then flowers appear - white, not double, not particularly chic, collected in umbrellas, somewhat similar to rowan flowers, only larger. The smell is not for everyone.

The plant blooms very richly and consistently.

In autumn, the dark green leaves, slightly pubescent on both sides, turn orange-red. At the end of September - beginning of October, the fruits ripen, large spherical berries the size of cherries, red in color, with mealy pulp and 3-4 seeds, hanging in clusters on long stalks. These berries are very tasty!

Both a single plant and a group look good. Hawthorn can be trimmed to give the bushes different shapes, which means they can be used to create an unusual hedge. But I have apple and pear trees growing on my property, and they have common diseases with hawthorn, so I can’t use it as a hedge.

This plant can also be planted by cuttings and layering. But, in my opinion, seeds are preferable: there is no need for material investments, the variety can be preserved, and it begins to bear fruit much earlier. Hawthorn begins to bear fruit after 10-15 years, but then produces good and regular harvests without fertilizing and frequent watering. It’s also extremely useful, but that’s a topic for a whole article.

Growing hawthorn in the country and caring for the bush

Hawthorn is propagated by seeds, cuttings, layering, and rare varieties by grafting. Before you start planting, you need to determine the purpose of the plant. If you are going to resort to growing hawthorn to create a hedge, planting material should be planted around the perimeter of the site. If you want to grow hawthorn in your country house to produce fruits, you need to create groups of three or four separate plants at a distance of 1.5-2 m from each other. In this case, the plants will be better pollinated even in the absence of apiaries and wild bees nearby.

Planting hawthorn in autumn

Hawthorn is unpretentious, and when you start planting, you don’t have to spend a lot of time preparing the area. The only condition is to choose a well-lit place, preferably near the northern border of the site.

This is especially true for large-fruited forms, which require a lot of sunlight for good fruiting. It is not recommended to propagate rare cultivars by seed, since in this case they lose their varietal characteristics. Growing hawthorn from seeds is effective only for ordinary forms, widespread in central Russia.

Growing hawthorn from seeds

It is very difficult for hawthorn to germinate from seeds, since they have a very hard shell, and immediately after the fruits ripen, the plant falls into a period of deep dormancy. To speed up the germination process, it is best to resort to stratification. To do this, fresh hawthorn seeds, just selected from unripe berries (a week before full ripening), are soaked in a 1% solution of potassium nitrate for one day. Then the seeds are placed in a dark box or canvas bag and kept for 7-8 months at a temperature of +2-3° C.

Shoots when growing hawthorn from seeds are characterized by very slow growth. Planting them in a permanent place should begin only after 3-4 years, and in the future, young shrubs can be replanted only until they reach 5 years of age, since these plants have a very long, branched root system, which can be damaged.

How to propagate hawthorn by cuttings

Another method of propagation is by root suckers. Before planting hawthorn in this way, you need to cut off parts of the roots from the mother plant and leave them in place until they are completely rooted. You can also use root cuttings to grow hawthorn in your dacha. To do this, in early spring or autumn, the root system is dug up and root cuttings with a diameter of 0.5 to 1 cm are cut. When planting hawthorn in the fall for rooting, the planting material should be placed in a greenhouse or greenhouse, and in the autumn the cuttings can be planted in a low bed (1 -2 cm above soil level). After this, the soil must be mulched with humus and watered abundantly. Already at the end of June, the first shoots will appear from such root cuttings.

How to plant hawthorn in a permanent place

When replanting shrubs to a permanent location, do you need to dig planting holes 0.5 m in size? 1 m or 1.5 m? 0.5 m. If the plants were intended for hedges, trenches of similar width and depth are dug. Well-fertilized soil is added to the planting holes and trenches (a planting mixture of equal parts of leaf flour, sand, peat, humus and a small amount of lime). At the bottom of the planting hole you need to put drainage (crushed stone, gravel, broken brick) in a layer of about 15 cm. Shrubs are planted in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 25-30 cm from each other. The root system should be covered with fertile soil, watered and mulched.

Hawthorn grafting

When propagating varieties, hawthorn grafting is most effective. Trees are grafted with cuttings at the very beginning of spring, as soon as abundant sap flow begins. You can also graft hawthorn in the second ten days of July - early August, but in this case they resort to the budding method (a method of grafting fruit and ornamental plants with a single bud). To do this, the “eye” (one bud with a thin layer of wood) of the cultivar is placed in a T-shaped cut or with a shield butt on the usual species form. Seedlings of blood-red hawthorn are most often used as a rootstock; mountain ash is also suitable for a rootstock. The grafted hawthorn begins to bear fruit in the third year. Hawthorn is also used as a rootstock. To do this, fruit trees, most often pear or apple trees, are grafted onto hawthorn. Cultivars of fruit trees grafted onto hawthorn enter the fruiting season early and are distinguished by a good harvest.

Caring for hawthorn when growing

Growing and caring for hawthorn requires mandatory weeding, regular fertilizing and watering. The soil under the bushes must be loosened and mulched. To form a hedge, plant branches are cut to 1/3 of the length of the shoot, this promotes the formation of a larger number of spines and lateral shoots.

I transplant seedlings to a permanent place at the age of two years. In this case, planting is done in autumn or spring. The depth of the planting hole for grown plants is about 70 cm, the distance between the bushes is about 2 m. The root collar should remain at ground level. Immediately after transplanting, it is recommended to water the plant and mulch the tree trunk circle with peat or dry soil with a layer of about 4 cm. With good care, hawthorn begins to bear fruit abundantly upon reaching 10 years of age.

In June, it is advisable to feed the plant with diluted bird droppings or liquid manure. Throughout the season, dry or broken branches, as well as shoots that greatly thicken the crown, should be removed. To form a hawthorn into a bush, you need to leave 5-6 main skeletal branches, and maintain the crown at a height optimal for harvesting. In the fall, at the end of the growing season, the hawthorn should be fed again. This time, during digging, you can add double superphosphate and potassium salt as top dressing. If shrubs grow on acidic soils, the soil must be limed.

Caring for hawthorn includes infrequent but regular watering. Typically, plants are watered once a month (at the rate of 10 liters of water for one adult bush). In dry summers, watering is done twice a month. If the summer is rainy, then the plants do not need to be watered.

In cold seasons, young seedlings must be covered with burlap to avoid frostbite on the branches. Adult plants do not require wrapping in winter - this is a fairly winter-hardy plant that can withstand low temperatures.

Hawthorn diseases

Powdery mildew is a widespread disease of hawthorn, leading to weakening of plants. In case of large-scale damage, the winter hardiness of plants may be weakened. Powdery mildew mainly affects the leaves, on which a white cobweb-like coating appears. By mid-summer, the coating becomes denser and powdery, and by autumn it turns from white to grayish. Fungi - the causative agents of powdery mildew - overwinter on plant debris, as well as between bud scales. Affected leaves must be removed, and in order to destroy the causative agents of the disease, plant remains should be disposed of (burned) in a timely manner.

Rust is a fungal disease caused by a general weakening of plants. In mid-summer, large, yellowish-red pustules appear on the leaves of the bushes, which subsequently turn into radiating, hairy growths. This is not a disease of hawthorn; the bush is only its intermediate host. And rust develops on junipers, so when choosing a place to plant plants of the Rosaceae family, you should avoid the close proximity of coniferous trees.

Leaf spot is a disease of hawthorn that causes general plant depression and premature leaf fall. Spotting becomes widespread in conditions of high humidity. Along with spotting, during rainy periods, hawthorn leaves are affected by rot. Pathogens are stored in fallen affected leaves, so plant debris must be collected and burned in a timely manner.

Fomoz is a fungal disease that affects hawthorn shoots. At the same time, the color of the bark of the shoots practically does not change; only over time, black, microscopic pycnidia, deeply embedded in the bark tissue, become clearly visible in them. Shoots affected by phomosis dry out and die.

Wood rot is caused by fungi of the Basidiomycetes class. Shrubs are infected by basidiospores formed on the surface of the fruit. Through wounds on the trunk and branches, these spores penetrate into the plants and penetrate the core. At the same time, the consistency of the wood becomes less durable, and during snowfall, plants may die, since their branches, affected by rot, cannot withstand large amounts of snow.

To avoid the occurrence of diseases, hawthorn should be planted in well-ventilated areas, do not forget to mulch the soil, and regularly spray it with a 1% solution of colloidal sulfur.

We plant according to the season

Planting hawthorn in autumn carried out during the period of time when the bush begins to prepare for sleep. You should not plant young plants in the ground until the growing season is over. A plant that is not accustomed to new conditions may not have time to take root before the onset of frost. As a result, all planting work will go down the drain - the plants will die.

Planting hawthorn in spring should also be performed during sleep. In general, this shrub does not require special weather conditions - as long as the ground is at least a little warm.

Our professional gardeners will help you create a green fence in your yard. We will help nature create a masterpiece on your site - a unique hedge.

Reproduction and planting of hawthorn

The easiest way is to plant purchased seedlings in the ground. However, to save money, you can try to propagate shrubs in other ways.

Planting hawthorn seeds rarely practiced by amateur gardeners. Alas, it takes a lot of time to grow from a seed. The first shoots appear only after 2 years. Until this time, it is impossible to determine whether your favorite bush will grow. If you are willing to wait, you can try your luck :)

Effective planting of hawthorn seeds is carried out as follows:

We collect planting material (unripe fruits) and soak them in water for 3-4 days;

We wash the “bones” and dry them with a paper towel;

We place it in wet sand and take it to the basement for further stratification;

Only next autumn, that is, a year later, can the seeds be sown in the ground.

After all the procedures have been completed, all that remains is to wait and hope for a positive outcome.

More effective planting hawthorn cuttings. Select fairly thick roots and cut them into pieces of about 10 cm. Dig the root cuttings into the soil at a slight slope, leaving about 2 cm of planting material above the surface. The cuttings are buried with the thick end up. It is advisable to plant in a greenhouse or other warm sheltered place. Both autumn and spring are suitable for propagation from cuttings.

We plant young animals

Planting hawthorn seedlings is considered the most effective: the result of the planting work is visible the next year. The shrub loves heavy soils with excellent drainage; at the same time, the fertility of the soil must be at a high level.

Hawthorn planting technology:

We are preparing a pit. The depth of the planting hole is 60-80 cm. We install a drainage system (lay out a layer of broken brick, crushed stone or gravel about 10-15 cm thick). Fill the pit halfway with a mixture of sand, peat and humus. Sprinkle with a small layer of fertile soil and leave in this form for 1-2 weeks.

We straighten the roots of the seedling and carefully place the young plants in the planting hole. We dig in and water.

Planting a hawthorn hedge has its own peculiarity. There is no need to dig separate pits for each seedling. It is more expedient to dig a ditch and plant seedlings in it at a short distance from each other. Within a year, the grown bushes can be intertwined with each other. This way, you will initially weave a fence, after which you will be able to form not individual plants, but a whole hedge. Such living fences look complete and have no voids.

Planting hawthorn video

Proper planting and care of hawthorn

Hawthorn grows as shrubs great height. The plant has become widespread in decorative design.

Also hawthorn used for medical purposes, thanks to its beneficial properties. Hawthorn berries are eaten.

This article will provide a description of hawthorn, varieties and its beneficial qualities. Let's look at tips for planting, growing and caring for this plant and much more.

Beneficial properties of hawthorn

The berries and flowers of this plant are very useful for human health. They are used either for preventive or therapeutic purposes.

Even in ancient times, the berries of various varieties of hawthorn were used for medicinal purposes in Asian countries. During the sixteenth century, different species and varieties of the plant were grown.

To begin with, hawthorn was used to combat diarrhea. And only then this plant was used to improve the performance of the cardiovascular system.

The main benefit of hawthorn is that its berries contain carotene, which is necessary to strengthen the immune system.

Also they contain huge amounts of calcium, magnesium, iron and many other chemical elements that are needed to improve the functioning of the circulatory system.

When consumed as a decoction or infusion, hawthorn fruits benefit each organ individually.

Hawthorn berries and flowers are very beneficial for human health and are necessary for those who suffer from cardiovascular diseases

How to plant and grow: autumn or spring, choosing a place for growing

This plant requires clay soil, but which contains many minerals and is rich in humus. After you have dug a hole (its depth should be 65 centimeters), you need to prepare the planting mixture.

It should consist of humus, sand and peat. At the very bottom of the dug hole, you need to pour crushed stone approximately 20 centimeters high.

It is important to plant the plant in a sunny place, or it will not be able to bear a bountiful harvest.

Hawthorn should be planted in spring or autumn. Regardless of the planting period, the plant will produce the same fruit yield. Until the plant is two years old, you need to decide on a permanent location where the hawthorn will grow.

After planting, the soil must be watered and cover with peat or ordinary soil by about seven centimeters. When planting, you need to take into account the distance between the other plants in the garden; it should be two or three meters.

Hawthorn begins to bear a huge harvest five years after planting. Hawthorn will bear the greatest number of fruits ten years after planting.

The expert will tell you about hawthorn, its characteristics, planting and care:

Caring for shrubs after planting and replanting: fertilizing, pruning, how to water

One of the main advantages of hawthorn is its easy care. You are required to be attentive. Important promptly cut off branches or shoots that are dry or diseased.

To keep the plant looking neat, it should be trimmed regularly. The plant needs to be trimmed in the spring., and removal of dried and diseased parts can be done at absolutely any time of the year.

There is a need to constantly remove weeds and loosen the soil cover. You can fertilize hawthorn with regular manure just before the flowering period of the plant.

Water abundantly in summer and spring only needed once a month. 12 liters of purified water should be poured onto one bush. But if the summer period is dry, then it is important to increase watering up to three times.

Caring for hawthorn after planting consists of pruning, watering and loosening the soil, fertilizing with manure before flowering

Propagation by seeds (seeds) at home

Hawthorn can be propagated using several methods.

Prepare the seeds in advance and follow the following algorithm:

They should stand in purified water for 72 hours in a room at room temperature (23 degrees Celsius).
Then you just need to wipe them thoroughly.
Prepare potassium nitrate (combined mineral fertilizer) and place the seeds there for 48 hours.
Plant the seeds in the ground. Planting should be carried out in the last month of the autumn period (November).
As soon as the seedling has reached a height of 60 centimeters, it must be pruned. Shortening pruning involves removing three buds. There is also a reduction in shoots; there should be two of them left - this is necessary for the further proper growth of the plant.

Varieties and types

Crimean hawthorn. Crimean hawthorn - the species looks like a tree of small height and grows in Crimea. The plant is almost impossible to find alone; it is planted in a group with other shrubs.

The berries of the plant are cherry in color with a dark tint, and the tree bark is also brown with a dark tint. The color of the leaves is green. This variety grows on rocky slopes.

Among the hawthorn varieties there are Crimean, Chinese, Myagkovaty, Arnold, Maksimovich and others

Chinese hawthorn. Since it most often grows in China, this species received this name. Chinese hawthorn is also grown in other countries on the banks of various rivers. The plant appeared in European countries in the nineteenth century.

This species loves full sun, but can also be grown in partial shade. The height of the tree reaches more than five meters. The trunk bark is gray with a dark tint.

The main feature of Chinese hawthorn– it has practically no spines. The leaves are green in color with a bright tint. The inflorescences of the plant have an average diameter of seven centimeters.

The color of the berries is red with a very bright tone, almost. The berries themselves have the shape of a regular ball. The diameter of the berry is on average 16 millimeters.

Soft hawthorn. This species is most common in areas of the United States. Forest edges are the main distribution area of the soft hawthorn. It tolerates low air temperatures and can grow in soil that is not rich in minerals.

The tree has a powerful trunk and its height reaches nine meters. The spines of the plant are chestnut in color and their length is ten centimeters. The length of the leaves is 6 or 7 centimeters. The flowers, which have a diameter of three centimeters, create inflorescences consisting of 12 flowers.

The berries are an orange flower with a red tint. The flowering period begins at the end of the spring period (May), and the softish hawthorn begins to bear fruit at the beginning of the autumn period (September).

Each variety of hawthorn has its own characteristics, but the main advantage is the easy care of the bush.

Hawthorn "Arnold". This variety is native to North America. Distinctive features: thick shoots and large leaves, which reach a diameter of four centimeters and a length of ten centimeters.

The flowering period begins either in late spring (May) or early summer (June). In general, the plant begins to bloom only eight years after planting.

Hawthorn 'Arnold' bears fruit early. The berries can be picked almost every year.

Hawthorn "Maximovich". This variety was given this name thanks to its discoverer from Russia. The fruits are small in size, spherical in shape, and their diameter is only one centimeter. One kilogram contains an average of 1800 berries.

The flowering period begins in the last month of spring (May), and this variety of hawthorn begins to bear fruit in late summer (August) or early autumn (September).

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the plant began to spread to other parts of the world. The leaves are diamond-shaped with a pointed end.

This is only a small part of the species and varieties of hawthorn.

You may be interested in our publications:

Each type and variety has its own distinctive characteristics. The main advantage of hawthorn is its unpretentious care. Certain varieties are capable of producing huge harvests.

In the future, you will be able to eat berries for preventive or medical purposes. If you suffer from any cardiovascular diseases, then this plant is suitable for you.

Remember: hawthorn can bring you many benefits and joy.

Blood-red hawthorn: planting and care (photo)

Boyarka berries in the forest are a real storehouse of vitamins for wintering birds; It was by observing living nature that man began to eat them. Many generations ago, these wonderful shrubs firmly settled in our garden plots, and this is not without reason. Hawthorn bears fruit very readily, but at the same time is not at all demanding in terms of maintenance conditions and care. It can grow even in its complete absence. Today we will look at what blood-red hawthorn is, the features of its planting, as well as the scope of application of the fruit. This is a very interesting plant. It can be used to decorate the garden, and is also of interest from the point of view of collecting delicious berries. In addition, they are also medicinal.

Blood red hawthorn: description

This is a relatively small plant, up to 5 meters high. The young branches are smooth and shiny, but at the same time they protect their precious berries with sharp thorns. The leaves are pubescent, dark on top and pale green on the underside. The flowers of the plant are bisexual, with white or pink petals. Small in diameter, they are collected in dense inflorescences. Blood red hawthorn is more recognizable to everyone due to its fruits. They look like small apples with mealy pulp and large seeds. There is not much pulp in them, but the abundance of fruits compensates for this deficiency.

Blood-red hawthorn blooms in spring, in May-June. The berries begin to ripen in September, that is, at the moment when there are no other berries left in the garden. The bush is especially charming in spring. At the moment of flowering, it seems to be covered with snow, but the petals fall very quickly. Hawthorn flowers are blood-red white with purple stamens, large and very beautiful. This bush will begin to bear fruit approximately 10-15 years after planting, so be patient.

Planting hawthorn

Gardeners often plant this plant in their garden not only because of its beneficial fruits. Blood red hawthorn is incredibly beautiful. It will decorate your garden both during the flowering period and in the fall, with clusters of berries in a stunning red outfit. It can be grown as a bush or as a tree, and there are craftsmen who demonstrate wonderful bonsai grown from these plants. There are also evergreen species that, even covered with fluffy caps of snow, will continue to decorate your garden. Most species have a distinctive feature - hard spines to protect the fruits from voracious birds.

So, how to plant blood red hawthorn? The photo makes it clear to us that we need to allocate enough space for the plant, since it does not belong to the category of miniature ones. Hawthorn needs fairly dense soil with good drainage. It is very good if you prepare a planting hole, at the bottom of which you need to put lime and broken brick. The layer should be high, about 15 cm. Now it’s up to the soil mixture. To prepare it you will need leaf flour, humus, peat and sand.

We are planning landings

When choosing a location, do not forget how much the blood-red hawthorn loves the sun. Photos of plants planted in well-lit areas are strikingly different from those growing on the shady side. Flowering and good fruiting in this case may be at risk. A special feature of the shrub is its developed root system (it goes deep into the ground), which is why it tolerates replanting very poorly. The last change of location must occur before the plant reaches five years.

Ideally, blood-red hawthorn seedlings are transplanted to a permanent location at the age of 2 years. In this respect the plant is no different from other fruit trees. The planting depth is about 70 cm.

After planting, blood-red hawthorn seedlings must be well watered. To prevent a crust from forming, cover thoroughly with mulch. Now the plant will produce a little more berries every year, but will only begin to bear fruit well by the age of 10.

Hawthorn care

So, you purchased blood red hawthorn. The planting was successful, now you have to work on growing the plant. In fact, this is not a difficult task. The plant is extremely unpretentious in care. However, to keep the bush in good shape, it needs to be trimmed and shaped. The plant is very easy to trim. The haircut is carried out in early spring; if desired, you can not only maintain a neat appearance of the bush, but also give it various shapes.

However, there are also requirements that the blood-red hawthorn makes. Planting and care will not be complete without applying the optimal amount of fertilizer. In the spring, before flowering, you need to fertilize the plant with slurry. There are no special requirements for watering; once a month it is advisable to add one or two buckets of water to the root hole. During particularly dry periods, it is necessary to repeat this procedure several times a month.

Blood red hawthorn (Rosaceae family) is very responsive to loosening. Therefore, be sure to remove weeds and dig up the soil in spring and autumn using a spade. You can repeat this procedure in the summer, about once a month.

Hawthorn propagation

There are several ways to grow blood-red hawthorn in your area. The seeds of this plant do not have very good germination, and if you choose this method of propagation, you will have to be patient. Hawthorn seeds have a very thick skin, so you will have to wait a long time for germination. Even well-ripened seeds have a long period of awakening, which means that germination can take a couple of years. But not everyone will rise. Before planting, soak the seeds for 3 days and then rub them with sandpaper. In late autumn, such seeds are sown in the garden. In the second year, the seedlings reach a height of 60 cm, after which they are pruned and they begin to grow as a branched bush.

The bush reproduces well by layering; this is the fastest and most reliable way to grow your own tree. But green cuttings take root poorly, so you shouldn’t waste time on them. Root cuttings do not have this disadvantage. To do this, select peels about 20 cm thick, cut them into 9 cm pieces and dig them at an angle into the soil. After about a month, the plants will sprout their own shoots and begin to grow.

Gardeners often use grafting. If you have a simple hawthorn growing in your garden, and you want to plant a Siberian, blood-red one, just find cuttings and graft. Then you will get the fruits much faster.

Types of hawthorn

First of all, in vegetable gardens you can find common hawthorn. This is a bush up to 5 meters high, prickly and adapted to life in any conditions. The berries are red, with yellow flesh. The Paul Scarlet hawthorn will be a wonderful decoration for your garden. It is impossible not to notice it in the garden. The crimson and white inflorescences, double and fluffy, are truly beautiful. Another species with decorative flowering is the tricolor hawthorn. Its red flowers turn white towards the center. Blood red hawthorn flowers are white with purple stamens. It is more used as an ornamental plant, although the fruits are edible. Bred as a hybrid of rowan. Semi-soft hawthorn is very common in our area. It has tasty orange fruits and yellow flesh. The tree grows tall, up to 8 meters. Another interesting species called green-fleshed hawthorn grows on Sakhalin and Kamchatka. It produces unusual but very tasty black berries.

Fruit composition

However, it is not only because of the beauty of flowering bushes that we grow this plant in garden plots. The fruits of the blood-red hawthorn are very healthy and help fight diseases. It's not just the fruits that are beneficial. Hawthorn flowers contain quercetin, orientin, homoorientin, phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic). It is also impossible not to say about amines, choline, acetylcholine.
Hawthorn fruits are no less rich. They contain organic acids, pectin substances, fruit acids, as well as vitamins A, C, E and K, B vitamins, fructose and essential oils.

Useful and healing properties

It is not for nothing that our ancestors began to cultivate this plant, and modern breeders have developed blood-red hawthorn. Its medicinal properties are truly enormous, but at the same time the active substances act as gently as possible, without causing harm to the body. It is generally accepted that fruits have an effect on the cardiovascular system, this is true. These berries significantly eliminate heart rhythm disturbances and also increase the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels. There is one more truly magical property. Thanks to the triterpene compounds and flavonoids contained in the fruits, the effect of dilating blood vessels in the brain is achieved.

Indications for use

Most often, hawthorn is recommended for various diseases and pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the list of indications includes not only angina pectoris, arrhythmia and coronary artery disease, but also vegotovascular dystonia, as well as hypertension. The fruits of hawthorn and preparations made from it are used to treat tachycardia and general atherosclerosis, nervous agitation, insomnia and poor sleep.

Fruit juice has a positive effect on the heart. People often note that their blood pressure returns to normal. One of the most common indications is the treatment of the central nervous system and genitourinary organs. Patients' sleep is normalized and recovery from serious illnesses is easier.

Hedge

Indeed, this beautiful plant is often used to create a living fence. Hawthorn unipostilla performed especially well in this role. This is a fast-growing and unpretentious bush that tolerates pruning well, producing a dense wall of shoots. Moreover, not only the growth rate is considered the main advantage of the variety. Its berries have high medicinal value. They are used to prevent and treat heart disease.

Let's sum it up

Hawthorn is a spectacular decoration for the garden, and in addition, a source of healthy and very tasty berries. They can be eaten fresh or stored for the winter. Medicinal tinctures and simply tasty and healthy compotes are prepared from the berries. Considering the high yield of the plant, we can say with confidence that one bush on your summer cottage is quite enough to satisfy the needs of the family.

Hawthorn: from wild nature to cultivated gardens

For many centuries, hawthorn was considered a wild plant with all the disadvantages of wild plants - low yield, low taste. But this is an extremely useful plant, the fruits of which are edible, tasty, used fresh and as a raw material for preserves, jams and compotes. Leaves and flowers are considered healing. Work to improve the qualities of natural wild hawthorn has been going on for a long time, and today varieties have been bred that can be considered the most advanced.

The first surviving written mentions that humanity knew hawthorn as a powerful medicinal plant date back to the era of Ancient Greece. Europeans recognized culture as healing in the early Middle Ages. In Russia, hawthorn has a popular name - lady, boyarynya, boyarynya-tree, and is treated with reverence and respect.

General properties for all types and varieties of hawthorn

In total, about 200 species of this plant are known in the world with a very significant difference in appearance and size - from low-growing bushes to tall trees. Many of them are exotic plants for us. There are 47 species growing in Russia. The most common of them are common hawthorn, common hawthorn and blood-red hawthorn.

Hawthorn - an ornamental plant with healthy berries

Hawthorn is a hardy plant with a powerful root system covering an area under the crown with a diameter of up to 4 m to a considerable depth. This makes it possible to provide the bush with the necessary nutrients and moisture on the poorest soil and in dry years. It does not freeze out even in very cold winters, so its distribution area in the northern regions is much further than other fruit trees.

Hawthorn does not like shade

Resistant to all diseases and pests. It does not like shading, especially from the south, so you cannot plant hawthorn near the northern walls of buildings, especially tall ones. Damp lowlands and highly acidified soils are also contraindicated.

Hawthorn varieties can be divided into three types - fruit-bearing, ornamental-fruit and ornamental. Although, of course, fruit varieties also have their decorative value. However, it is important to understand why a tree is planted - for harvest or for beauty.

Fruit variety, selected by selecting the best yielding specimens from semi-soft hawthorn. The most outstanding in terms of fruit quality and yield. The berries are large, red, very tasty. In favorable conditions, it produces fruits no less than the cherries, cherries and plums that are widespread in orchards. The bush is more thorny than other varieties, which makes harvesting difficult. Ripens late, the berries can be picked until severe frosts.

An excellent decorative variety of Canadian selection. In winter hardiness it is in no way inferior to local varieties. It is used in landscape design in gardens and parks, but as a free-standing tree, because it does not like shading and grows well in areas completely exposed to the sun. Can grow up to 6–7 m in height. Looks very impressive in standard form. It has a spreading crown, most often forms a powerful bush, but sometimes it can grow with one trunk. The fruits are red, round in shape, large, but there are very few of them.

Toba hawthorn flowers change color from white to pink during flowering

It bears fruit well, but also has decorative value. The form, like that of the Toba variety, can be either bushy or tree-like with a single trunk, but Daursky is shorter than Toba, on average by 1–2 m. It has spines up to 2.5 cm long. It blooms with white flowers in mid-May. The fruits ripen in September. They are elliptical in shape, about 1 cm thick, and can be of different colors - yellow, orange and red.

The Daursky variety is widespread beyond the Urals, in Siberia and the Far East, as well as outside Russia, in Mongolia and China.

The leaves of the Daursky variety have a specific lilac tint.

Paul Scarlett

Noticed among its brethren and identified as a variety back in the 19th century. It grows either as a shrub or as a tree with one trunk. Not the tallest. The crown is oval-shaped, very dense, and can grow up to 3 m wide. It blooms at the usual time for all varieties, in mid-May-early June, but the flowering period is longer, almost 2 weeks. The flowers are a rich crimson-red color, rare for hawthorn. It also differs from other varieties in that it is not so demanding of the sun and tolerates shade. Paul Scarlett produces few fruits, so it can be considered an ornamental variety.

Flowering hawthorn Paul Scarlett lasts almost 2 weeks

It differs from other varieties in the shape and size of the crown and leaves. Low-growing, no more than 3 m, does not grow as a bush, but only as a tree. The crown even without trimming and forming a decorative spherical shape.

The Volzhsky variety is distinguished by carved leaves similar to maple

The name indicates the place of origin. Distributed in the Volga region. Valuable for its durability, retains its decorative qualities for up to 40 years. More resistant to diseases and pests than others.

How to plant hawthorn

Hawthorn propagates by seedlings, cuttings, layering, seeds and grafting.

The easiest and most reliable way is to find and dig up a separate seedling or 2–3-year-old root shoot. It’s even easier to buy a varietal seedling grown in a nursery. Two-year-olds take root best.

Cuttings

Propagation of hawthorn by cuttings is justified only if you need to preserve an almost extinct or rare variety, the seedlings of which are difficult to find. Hawthorn cuttings take root very poorly; there is always a large percentage of waste. It takes 4 years from the start of cuttings to obtaining full-fledged seedlings. And no one can guarantee the successful result of this many years of work, even if long and complex agronomic procedures are strictly followed.

Reproduction by layering is much simpler and more rewarding.

In late spring or early summer, 1–2-year-old shoots are found on an adult hawthorn bush.
Prepare a groove 10–12 cm deep.
The shoot is bent into it and pinned to the ground with a metal bracket, covered with earth, leaving only the crown with 5-8 leaves on the surface.
Before filling the shoot, it is tied at the base with a soft knitting wire to reduce the flow of nutrients from the mother plant. This will speed up the formation of the cuttings' own roots.
In dry summers, the cuttings are periodically watered.
To prevent the branch from being exposed, you need to add soil; mulch can be poured on top - humus, peat, rotted sawdust, pine needles.
As a result, by the fall you will receive rooted cuttings, which can be immediately transplanted to a permanent place.

In some cases, rooting is carried out not one, but two seasons. For example, if some cuttings have developed a weak root system.

By autumn the branch will grow independent roots

Reproduction by root shoots

At the end of August - beginning of September, young shoots are found growing near the main trunk. Dig up with young roots, trying not to damage the horizontal old root of the mother plant. Planted in a temporary place. Already next spring the viability of the seedling will be visible. If it is alive and continues to grow, it will be possible to transplant it to a permanent place immediately, with a large lump of earth, so as not to damage the small root system. You can replant in the fall, and next spring, in a year.

For grafting hawthorn, the same general rules apply as for grafting any fruit trees. But it has its own characteristics.

The best rootstock is either another hawthorn bush, which somehow does not suit you, or red rowan. Moreover, the survival rate on rowan is very high, and rowan rootstock can be grown very easily using root shoots;
graft at the first warmth, but before the leaves bloom;
They use 2-year-old branches about 1 cm thick, and the side branches from the scion, as is done when grafting other trees, do not need to be removed.

Propagation by seeds

Hawthorn seeds have many “dummies” that are unable to germinate. Therefore, you need to plant several seeds at a distance of 10–15 cm from each other.

Hawthorn seeds must be processed before planting

Seeds are prepared for planting in one of the following ways:

take a bowl with boiling water and ice water. The seeds are placed in a bag made of natural fabric and dipped in hot and cold water for 0.5 minutes in turn until the seeds swell and increase in size - this will be visible;

The seeds are placed in a container with warm water and kept in a warm place for several days.

It takes a very long time for a tree to grow from a seed. The first two seasons the shoot increases by only 10 cm per year. But from the third year it begins to grow rapidly.

Planting dates in different regions

Any seedlings - from cuttings, layering, root shoots, from seeds in the Central European part of Russia are planted in spring (mid-April) and autumn (mid-October). For the Moscow region, these periods should be adjusted by 5–7 days, for the North-West region - by 7–10 days towards a warmer period - in spring towards the end of April, in autumn towards the beginning of October. South of the Chernozem region these dates shift in the opposite direction. The further south you go, the earlier planting is carried out in spring and later in autumn.

Otherwise, the agricultural technology for caring for hawthorn is the same for all regions of Russia where hawthorn feels good, including Siberia and the Far East.

Features of care

Despite its hardiness and unpretentiousness, it is important to remember that in optimal conditions, hawthorn grows better.

When planting on obviously poor soils, you need to add high-quality humus and wood ash to the planting hole at the rate of 0.5 liters per 10 liters of soil.

Hawthorn will require your help in abnormal conditions - in summer, during a severe, prolonged drought, it is necessary to thoroughly moisten the ground along the projection of the crown. In winter, in frosts below -40 o C, especially long-lasting ones, the trunk should be covered with snow as high as possible.

If pests do attack the plant in the summer, which is rare, you will have to use products recommended specifically for each type of pest. But first, you can try to solve the problem in the easiest way - dust the crown with a mixture of tobacco dust and wood ash in a 1:1 ratio.

In an illuminated space, the hawthorn, as a rule, forms the correct crown itself. Therefore, only over the years it requires sanitary and anti-aging pruning. During sanitary pruning, all dry, broken and damaged branches are removed.

Anti-aging pruning is required for bushes of considerable age. Remove 1-2 old branches. New ones will grow in their place and will also bear fruit.

Sometimes, if the bush grows too dense, it is necessary to remove the overgrown internal branches in order to increase the light inside the plant and increase fruiting.

Pruning ornamental varieties

Pruning ornamental bushes is done for completely different purposes - you need to give the crown the required shape. Hawthorn tolerates any pruning easily and quickly forms new shoots. It is much easier to give a bush any shape than other types of plants. You can get a crown in the form of a ball or even a square, but this will require not only pruning, but also cutting of foliage and shoots, several times a season.

The hawthorn itself can grow either as a bush or as a tree.

In order to be guaranteed to obtain a hawthorn in the form of a tree, from the very beginning of the seedling’s growth, they simply cut off all the branches coming from below, except for one, the central one, the most powerful and straight. You can start turning a bush into a tree at a later age, but by doing so you will reduce the crown of the plant several times. Then the single trunk will form new branches, but this will take years.

Pruning of large branches is carried out in the cold season, when there is no sap flow. Haircut, on the contrary, is done during the warm period of growth.

To form a hawthorn on a trunk, you need to start pruning as early as possible

Lighting requirements and “living fences”

You can try using hawthorn thickets as natural fences that are impassable due to thorns. However, the plant loves good lighting, and the “hedge” requires dense planting. In the shade it blooms and bears fruit much worse. An extensive root system requires space and a planting pattern of at least 3-4 m apart, and ideally about 5 m.

Of course, you can plant hawthorn as a solid wall, but in the end you will end up with wild thickets of oppressed plants, growing in all directions, including outside the site, in the competition for light. The bushes will have to be regularly refined, pruned, root shoots that spread out in all directions must be dug out, and trimmed several times over the summer. And this is a lot of work and time, especially considering that you will have to work with thorny branches that can easily get hurt.

A hawthorn hedge requires care and attention

Hawthorn: planting and care, description, reproduction. garden hawthorn: planting and care

You can also grow healthy, beautiful hawthorn from seeds. Planting and caring for it subsequently will not take too much time. In fact, this wonderful shrub simply grows on its own. Its seeds are covered with a very hard shell. Therefore, seedlings appear no earlier than a year and a half after planting. They are sown thickly, having previously been soaked in a one percent solution of potassium nitrate (for a day). In the first year, the seedlings will grow very slowly and will not rise higher than 12 cm. Next year they will need to be planted for growing. In the third year, the bushes (which by this time usually reach half a meter in height) are pruned, leaving 2-3 buds above the soil level. After this, the plant will begin to actively develop side shoots. To subsequently get a beautiful crown, you need to leave no more than two. The rest are deleted.

How to get a beautiful, spectacular hawthorn hedge

Thus, we have looked at how hawthorn is planted. Caring for hawthorn will subsequently consist of practically nothing but pruning. When planted along the perimeter of the site, this wonderful shrub forms an unusually spectacular, blind hedge. To get such beauty at your dacha, the first thing you need to do is dig a trench for the seedlings. Marking for it is done in the same way as for a regular fence. Since hawthorn of almost any variety is a rather tall plant, the width of the trench should be at least 60 cm. Seedlings are planted at a distance of at least half a meter from each other. They must be placed strictly in the center of the trench. Since hawthorn grows for quite a long time, it is advisable to build a temporary fence from the street side from boards, a picket fence, a slab or a chain-link mesh.

For adult plants, they dig not a trench, but planting holes. It is best if they have a square shape and strictly vertical walls. Their size should be such that the roots of the planted plants do not reach the main soil on the sides and bottom by 15 cm.

Which varieties to choose for hedges

Almost any hawthorn is suitable for creating a beautiful hedge. The best varieties are:

“prickly hawthorn”; “spur”; “softish”; “pinnately cut”; “blood red”; “Arnolda”.

The last three varieties, in addition to forming a blank impenetrable wall, also bloom very beautifully.

Hawthorn care

Next, we’ll look at how to grow beautiful, dense hawthorn. Planting and caring for it, as has already been mentioned several times, does not take much time. However, some rules still need to be followed. Hawthorn is not picky about soil, but it is still better to feed it from time to time. In the spring, the Kemira-universal mixture is applied under the roots in an amount of 120 g per square meter. Before flowering, hawthorn should be fertilized with manure diluted in water (1*10, 8 liters per plant).

Water this plant once a month. In this case, each adult bush should have about ten liters of water. In very dry and hot weather, the number of waterings is increased to two per month.

Fruit hawthorn, planting and caring for which is aimed at obtaining a good harvest, must be fed. Watering in this case is done in exactly the same way as when growing purely decorative varieties.

Preparing hawthorn for winter

Some varieties of hawthorn are not at all afraid of winter cold (plum-leafed, cockspur varieties). In others, for example, such as “common hawthorn” (planting and caring for which is carried out in the same way as other varieties), shoots and flower buds may freeze. Of course, covering adult plants is quite problematic. Therefore, in cold regions it is better to use frost-resistant varieties. If some shoots do freeze out, you just need to remove them in the spring. New branches of the hawthorn will grow very quickly. Young, newly planted plants are sprinkled with foliage in a layer of about 15 cm for the winter. This will prevent the roots from freezing.

Hawthorn. Planting and care: pruning

Hawthorn is one of the ornamental plants that require mandatory artificial formation of the crown. It is especially important to do this regularly and correctly when it comes to hedges. The lower branches of the hawthorn die over time, causing the continuous green wall to thin out.

The first molding is done in the second or third year after planting in the spring. The bushes are cut to a height of 10 cm from the ground. This procedure is repeated for two to three years, until the bushes become very dense. Next, the hedges are given a square or semicircular shape. It is advisable to prune every year. In spring, all diseased and dried branches are cut off from plants. Next, they begin to actually form the fence. When performing this procedure, you need to remember that cutting off branches and shoots by more than 1/3 of their original length is extremely undesirable.

Hawthorn diseases

This is how garden hawthorn is grown. Planting and caring for it, carried out according to all the rules, will allow you to get beautiful lush plants. However, sometimes it happens that all efforts are reduced to zero due to some kind of infection. One of the most unpleasant diseases of hawthorn is rust. Detected infected shoots should be immediately removed, and the diseased plant itself should be sprayed with a 5% solution of Bordeaux mixture. This procedure can also be performed for healthy bushes in the spring, for preventive purposes.

Another common disease of this ornamental plant is the hawthorn mite. In case of infection, the branches are also pruned (in spring or autumn). The bush itself is treated with colloidal sulfur. If the plant is very severely affected, spraying is repeated after flowering.

Thus, we have found out what the hawthorn plant is (description, reproduction, care, planting). As you can see, growing it is not difficult and even enjoyable. All you need is to periodically water the bushes and perform proper pruning. If you devote a little time to caring for this wonderful plant, you can get an unusually impressive decoration for your suburban area.

Hawthorn planting and care, how to grow from seeds, reproduction

Hawthorn: planting and care, how to grow from seeds, propagation

Crimean hawthorn. Crimean hawthorn - the species looks like a tree of small height and grows in Crimea. The plant is almost impossible to find alone; it is planted in a group with other shrubs.

The berries of the plant are cherry in color with a dark tint, and the tree bark is also brown with a dark tint. The color of the leaves is green. This variety grows on rocky slopes.

Among the hawthorn varieties there are Crimean, Chinese, Myagkovaty, Arnold, Maksimovich and others

This species loves full sun, but can also be grown in partial shade. The height of the tree reaches more than five meters. The trunk bark is gray with a dark tint.

The color of the berries is red with a very bright tone, almost. The berries themselves have the shape of a regular ball. The diameter of the berry is on average 16 millimeters.

Each variety of hawthorn has its own characteristics, but the main advantage is the easy care of the bush.

Hawthorn "Arnold". This variety is native to North America. Distinctive features: thick shoots and large leaves, which reach a diameter of four centimeters and a length of ten centimeters.

The flowering period begins either in late spring (May) or early summer (June). In general, the plant begins to bloom only eight years after planting.

Hawthorn 'Arnold' bears fruit early. The berries can be picked almost every year.

The flowering period begins in the last month of spring (May), and this variety of hawthorn begins to bear fruit in late summer (August) or early autumn (September).

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the plant began to spread to other parts of the world. The leaves are diamond-shaped with a pointed end.

This is only a small part of the species and varieties of hawthorn.

Hawthorn from seeds planting and growing

Hawthorn from seeds: planting and growing

I dug up a small bed in a place protected from the wind and planted fresh seeds in the grooves at a distance of 16-20 cm from each other, to a depth of 5-6 cm. I watered the bed generously.

Stratification of hawthorn seeds

Treatment of seeds with chemicals

We use caustic soda, acids, etc.

Method of sowing hawthorn seeds

By the way, my seeds, sown before winter without treatment, remained viable for 3 years. Hawthorn has a lot of empty seeds, so sowing needs to be done more densely.

Growing hawthorn: 300 years without special care

Hawthorn is very unpretentious, grows on poor soils and in places with poor ecology. It easily tolerates both excess and lack of moisture and light, and does not freeze in harsh winters.

Hawthorn has a very powerful root system, and it lives for 300-400 years.

The plant blooms very richly and consistently.

Hawthorn types, planting and care features

Hawthorn: types, planting and care features Hawthorn loves heavy soils, but fertile and with good drainage. Prepare the planting mixture from leaf flour, sand, peat and humus. Lime is also added to the planting hole, but it is better not for the roots to come into direct contact with it. Drainage (crushed stone, gravel, broken brick) is placed at the bottom of the planting hole in a layer of about 15 cm.

It is better to plant hawthorn in the sun, otherwise flowering and good fruiting may be at risk. A special feature of hawthorn is its long root system. Because of this, it is worth replanting only up to 5 years.

Hawthorn seedlings are transplanted to a permanent location, like many shrubs and trees, at the age of 2 years, in autumn or spring. Planting depth is about 70 cm, the distance between plants is about 2 m. Make sure that the root collar is at ground level. After planting, it is recommended to water the plant. Also mulch the soil in the tree trunk circle, it can be peat or dry soil, about 4 cm. The hawthorn bush begins to bear fruit well from 6-10 years.

Hawthorn care

Hawthorn does not require special care, but it is necessary to remove dead, diseased branches and prune it. Hawthorn is well trimmed. If you use it in a hedge, then leave a third of the shoot when pruning. Typically, haircuts are carried out in the spring. By pruning, a hawthorn tree can be given a variety of unusual shapes.

You can water it once a month, but generously: for each plant up to 15 liters of water; during dry periods, watering can be done several times a month.

Remove weeds and loosen the soil. In spring and autumn, for this purpose, the earth is dug up using the bayonet of a shovel; if you need to dig in the summer, then try to dig no deeper than 11-15 cm.

Hawthorn propagation

Seeds. Hawthorn seeds have a thick skin, so before planting they must undergo a long stratification (about a year). Seeds of good maturity have a very long period of awakening, for the same reason their germination period can be about 2 years, and not all of them will sprout, because a large percentage of the seeds are empty inside.

You need to collect hawthorn seeds that are not quite ripe, and then leave them in water for three days. Then rub the seeds with sandpaper or rub with sand (scarification) and rinse. Take a 1% solution of potassium nitrate and place the seeds in it for 48 hours, then sow them tightly in a bed in the garden in late autumn. In the second year, the seedling should reach a height of 60-65 cm, after which it is cut to 3 buds from the root. Side shoots are cut out, usually leaving 2 shoots.

Root cuttings. Select roots about 20 mm thick, cut them into pieces of about 9-10 cm and dig into the soil at an angle, with the thick end up, so that there is about 2 cm on the surface. It is advisable to plant in a warm, sheltered place or greenhouse. Can be planted both in autumn and spring.

Graft. The rootstock is taken from common hawthorn or hawthorn monopistillate, although by and large any type of hawthorn is suitable for grafting (budding). They are vaccinated around the beginning of August.

Hawthorn also reproduces well by layering, but green hawthorn cuttings take root poorly.

Harvesting hawthorn

Harvesting of hawthorn begins during flowering. Flowers and foliage are collected. Dry immediately and place in an airtight container. The fruits are collected red and ripe, dried and also placed in an airtight container. Fruits and flowers, leaves and even bark are used for medicinal purposes.

Types of hawthorn

The hawthorn genus is numerous and has more than 1000 species; about 15 species of this plant grow in Russia. I will focus on the most popular ones, which are actively planted and grafted.

Common hawthorn or prickly hawthorn

Shrub or small tree up to 5 m tall. The berries are bright red, the flesh is yellow. Frost-resistant, grows on rocky and clay soils, perfect for hedges, and trims well.

This species has several beautiful garden forms with wonderful decorative flowering.

Hawthorn Paul Scarlett

Hawthorn Bicolor

Siberian hawthorn or blood red

It grows as a tree or shrub about 6 m high. The spines of this species are sparsely planted, but about 4 cm long. White flowers with purple anthers adorn the tree or bush from mid-May to mid-June. The fruits are spherical in shape and blood-red in color. Bears fruit from the age of 7. Used to create rowan hybrids. The species is edible.

Hawthorn is soft or semi-soft

The berries are orange-red delicious fruits. The pulp is yellow. A tall tree, up to 8 m, has a spherical dense crown and many thin spines covering the branches. The flowers are white and begin to bear fruit at 6 years of age. Very decorative due to the beauty of the leaves and fruits. 50% of the seeds are viable and there is the possibility of rooting by cuttings.

Green meat hawthorn

It blooms with beautiful white flowers with dark stamens. The fruits are black with green flesh and have good taste. Like many species, it has spines up to 1.5 cm long. It can be found in remote parts of our homeland: the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Kamchatka. It does not propagate by cuttings, and when propagated by seeds, seed stratification is required for about 6 months.

Hawthorn monopolyta

A fast-growing bush with a dense crown, it looks great in hedges, tolerates pruning well, producing many dense shoots. The berries and flowers of hawthorn monopistillate have high medicinal value and are used to prevent heart disease.

Choose hawthorn for taste and color, admire it and don’t get sick!