Grape varieties for Bashkiria. The best grape varieties for Bashkiria: care, pruning Bashkir grapes variety description

Such a fruit and berry crop as grapes, which not every gardener would dare to grow even in the middle zone, has taken root very well, oddly enough, in Bashkiria. Despite the fact that this region is a risky farming zone with a rather harsh climate and unfavorable soil conditions, many gardeners have achieved excellent results when growing this heat-loving crop in these parts. Moreover, grapes in Bashkiria are not small, tasteless berries, but large and very sweet bunches. To achieve excellent yields of this magnificent berry in the harsh climatic conditions of the republic, first of all you should choose a zoned variety, which is bred in accordance with the weather conditions of this inhospitable region and adapted to the Bashkir climate.

Where to buy a suitable variety in Bashkiria?

Such grapes are bred in Bashkiria, which are adapted to grow both in harsh climates and on heavy soils, in a breeding center. It is located on the territory of the Agricultural Research Institute, in the Kushnarenkovsky experimental garden.

If a summer resident has a desire to become a winegrower, it is worth purchasing seedlings only there. This will guarantee that the grown crop will not only meet all requirements, but will also annually delight you with a magnificent harvest of excellent-tasting berries.

Zoned varieties of Bashkir grapes

Among the varieties presented at the “grape farm,” the most popular is Alexander. This is a table variety, a fairly early variety, characterized by high frost resistance. The berries have a dark pink color and a pleasant taste. They are collected in clusters, weighing up to 135 g. The disadvantage is susceptibility to gray rot.

Several other zoned varieties have similar characteristics. Among them we can highlight such as Bashkir, Yubileiny, Druzhba, May-3. But such hybrids as R-65, R-81, hybrid No. 342 differ in the size of the bunch, which weighs up to half a kilogram. These grape varieties are very popular in Bashkiria and every year they delight gardeners with an excellent harvest.

Why are grapes planted in spring in Bashkiria?

It is carried out by two-year-old cuttings or seedlings at the time when sap flow begins in the grape bushes. In Bashkiria this happens in May, and just at this time the soil at a depth of 30 cm warms up to 10°C, which is optimal for grape seedlings.

General sequence of actions when planting grapes

Planting grapes in Bashkiria in the spring is carried out in a certain sequence. Simply it can be expressed as follows:

Checking the suitability of planting material;
Preparation of planting holes of the required size for seedlings;
Preparing it for landing;
Direct landing;
Caring for seedlings.

What is the preparation of seedlings?

In order to check the suitability of the planting material, you should make a small cut on the seedling (chubuk). Planting grapes in Bashkiria involves using those chibouks that have:

The cut vine should have green wood.
The color of the bark has not changed.
If you press on the peephole with your finger, it will fall off.
When the eye is cut lengthwise, rudimentary leaves are visible in it.

If the vine has a whitish or pale green color when cut, and there is no moisture, then this indicates that it is dead and not suitable for planting.

Selecting a location and preparing a planting hole

How to choose the right place for planting so that growing grapes in Bashkiria brings only joy to the gardener? There are certain rules for this:

The place intended for the future vineyard should be illuminated by the sun most of the day.
It is best to use a southern slope for planting.
There should be no groundwater nearby, as the vineyards cannot tolerate it.
If you plan to plant several bushes, it is best to place them in one row, at a distance of 2 meters from each other. Their extension should be from north to south. The distance between rows should be at least a meter.

The result of the efforts will be felt in a few years - at the time when the seedling gains full strength and begins to bear fruit. The planting hole, which is intended to grow grapes in Bashkiria, must be very well fertilized. This will help the bush to develop deep roots that are more frost-resistant. Accordingly, the plant's growth vigor will increase.

How to properly fill a planting hole

When the goal is to grow grapes in Bashkiria, in these difficult climatic and soil conditions, special attention is paid to filling the planting hole when planting seedlings. Both the yield of the bush and the size and taste of the berries depend on how correctly it is filled.

In order for everything to be done according to the rules, the lower part of the prepared pit should be filled with compost in the amount of two or three buckets. If the site is dominated by clay soil, then two buckets of crushed stone or sand are poured on top, on top of which 400 g of ash and 200 g of superphosphate are scattered. The layers prepared in this way are shoveled with the soil that is at the bottom of the pit.

After this, everything is slightly compacted, and the filling procedure is repeated. Sand and crushed stone added to planting holes help improve soil drainage and aeration. That part of the fertile soil that remains should be poured into the prepared hole without any fertilizers or humus. It will serve as a planting layer for the seedling.

Based on all of the above, a definite answer can be given to the question of summer residents “how to grow grapes in Bashkiria”. Excellent results can only be achieved through proper soil preparation and selection of the appropriate planting site. We must not forget about proper care of seedlings. After all, without it, it will be very difficult for this heat-loving plant to grow and begin to bear fruit in the harsh climatic conditions of the republic, which is a zone of risky gardening.

What care is needed for vineyards in Bashkiria?

When growing a crop such as grapes in Bashkiria, care, pruning, spring-summer fertilizing and sheltering the vine from too low winter temperatures are mandatory for the gardener. It is definitely worth remembering that when growing grapes in Bashkiria, the main task is the growth of two strong vegetative shoots on the seedling, which will become the basis of the future fruit and berry bush.

Only through the correct and conscientious implementation of all these procedures can you achieve a magnificent harvest, which will be no worse than in the southern regions. It’s not for nothing that they say that grapes grow beautifully in Bashkiria, as long as there is good appropriate care.

There are several types of emerald vineyards: black emerald; taiga; Bashkir. A description of each of these varieties will be presented in this article.

Bunches of ripe Black Emerald grapes

Black emerald - description of the variety and main features

The description of this variety should begin with the fact that this very tasty and sweet sultana comes from America. Seedless grapes that ripen early - every gardener would love to have this variety on their plot. However, this black vine is a rather capricious plant, so growing it requires a lot of effort and good care.

The harvest from such varietal grapes is harvested in the second or third ten days of July. Its sweet seedless fruits are usually consumed fresh; liqueurs and all kinds of desserts are prepared from the berries of this grape. However, it should be transported and stored with care so as not to damage the delicate fruits.

The growth of the bushes is distinguished by great vigor, the flowers are bisexual.
The clusters are cone-shaped, small, weighing up to 600 g.
The color of sultanas is dark blue, almost black (which is why it got its name), the weight of one fruit is up to 5 g with juicy pulp. The skin of the berries, although not thick, is durable, but when eaten it is practically not felt.
The foliage of the vineyard is round, large, and green. The vines are brown and strong.

This variety was bred in California by breeders specifically as an early type of sultana that was frost-resistant. It came to our country from Ukraine, where it was grown both on collective farm fields and on personal plots. The most suitable regions of our country for the normal cultivation of Black Emerald are the Lugansk region and the Black Sea coast.

Black sultana has moderate resistance to major fungal diseases (mildew and podium), and is quite resistant to frost (down to -22°C). When caring for Black Emerald, you should use the same basic agricultural techniques as for other grape varieties. However, it is necessary to ensure that during the ripening of the crop there is no overload of the bushes. Otherwise, this variety will reduce its yield, fewer fruit buds will be formed in the fall, such vines will bloom and bear fruit worse in subsequent seasons, and the amount of sugar in the berries will decrease.

Grapes Kishmish Black Emerald

Any agrotechnical measures are carried out when at least half of the brushes of this variety bloom. Carrying them out earlier leads to shedding of the ovaries.

The Black Emerald variety is very sensitive to frost in the spring. Heavy rains or watering can lead to severe cracking of ripening fruits, they may even fall off. It is not highly resistant to aphids. Birds, bees and wasps show increased interest in this grape. Therefore, usually during the ripening period the bunches are packaged in special mesh bags.

This variety is saved from the main diseases of grapes - mildew and podium - by regular preventive spraying with copper sulfate; fungicidal preparations such as Karbofos, Ridomil and other similar products are also used.

Phylloxera is usually treated with carbon disulfide preparations, otherwise this disease will completely destroy the bush in a short time.

This black variety of sultanas is still worth planting on your site, despite some of its capriciousness. And with proper care, good harvests will not keep you waiting.

Bashkir emerald – varietal grape

The description of this grape variety should begin with its ripening period. These grapes ripen for about 5 months. Bashkir emerald is a table variety with a specific taste. Description of the grapes:

The bushes of this variety have great growth vigor, the foliage is green, dark, almost solid, the blades are weakly expressed.
There is no pubescence on the upper side of the leaf, but the bottom is slightly cobwebby.
The clusters are small with an average weight of about 120 g, loose.
The fruits are medium-sized, round, green in color, transparent when ripe with a waxy coating, with fleshy pulp.
The percentage of sugar content in fruits is up to 20%.
The yield of bushes is quite high and increases with regular application of mineral and organic fertilizers to the soil.

Varietal grape Bashkir emerald

This variety is quite resistant to diseases and pests, however, preventive treatments against mildew and podium should be carried out regularly. In addition to fungicides, bacteriological preparations should be used to prevent diseases and pest attacks during the ripening period of berries.

The variety is extremely resistant to severe frosts and can withstand temperatures down to -40°C.

The main advantages of this variety are very early ripening, high yields from the vine, good winter hardiness. The Bashkir variety of this grape is recommended for planting in the Ural region.

Grape variety Taiga emerald

The description of this type of grape should begin with its main characteristics:

The Taiga Emerald variety was bred by Russian breeders specifically for the cold regions of our country. It is these table grapes that can perfectly withstand the frosts of the Ural or Far Eastern regions and have a pleasant taste.
The vines of this grape are green in color, the foliage is round, quite large, almost whole. There is no pubescence on the outside of the foliage, but the inside is covered with short bristles.
Flowers in inflorescences are bisexual.
The fruits are round, green, almost transparent.
The skin is extremely dense, but the seeds can still be seen through it. The bunches are medium in size, weighing about 300 g.
The amount of sugar in the fruit is up to 20%, the amount of acid is up to 11%, the taste of the fruit is excellent.
Taiga emerald has the ability to ripen even under bad weather conditions - a small number of sunny days per season and a large number of rainy days.

Ripe grapes Taiga emerald

It usually takes about 4 months from the appearance of the first foliage to the full ripening of the bunches. Moreover, the buds begin to open already in the first ten days of April, and the full ripening of the bunches begins in the first ten days of August.

Taiga emerald seedlings have good survival rate, the variety is resistant to pests and diseases.

The different varieties called “emerald” should not be confused. After all, each of them is a separate species with its own undeniable advantages.

I would especially like to emphasize that the Taiga and Bashkir varieties are distinguished by high resistance to frost. It is this quality that allows them to be grown in the northern regions of our country, where other varietal vineyards simply froze in winter.

The picture of climatic conditions in Bashkiria is quite complex. It has a continental climate, characterized by fairly warm summers and snowy, cold and long winters.

Weather conditions change frequently due to cyclones coming from the temperate latitudes, which encounter invading Arctic air and winter anticyclones from Siberia. However, even in such rather difficult conditions, local winegrowers successfully grow many varieties and hybrid forms of grapes.

Criteria for selecting grapes for Bashkiria

The climate in Bashkiria is quite suitable for cultivating grapes. To grow productive grapes in Bashkiria, you should give preference to zoned varieties and hybrids that are adapted to the climate and bear fruit well in the conditions of this region. The very first varieties for cultivation in places uncharacteristic for this heat-loving crop were bred by Michurin.

Nowadays, breeders have been able to obtain a large number of new and promising forms of grapes for cultivation in unfavorable climatic conditions. Such varieties are characterized by early ripening, resistance to weather factors and high yield. A large number of frost-resistant forms and varieties of early and very early ripening grapes have been developed, which are optimally suited for cultivation in Bashkiria.

The best grape varieties for Bashkiria

The choice of variety or hybrid form of grapes for cultivation in Bashkiria should be approached very responsibly. Only zoned varieties adapted to the climate are capable of producing high and high-quality yields.

Name of grape variety or NGF	Description of the grape bush	Description of berries and yield	Features of the variety or NGF of grapes
"Alexander"	The plant is of medium height, the cluster weighs 137 g, cylindrical, branching is often observed	The berries are medium-sized, oblong-elongated, dark pink in color, fleshy, with an accumulation of sugars up to 18%. Productivity is stable and high	Super early. Universal purpose. Originator: Bashkir NPO. Increased resistance to diseases. Increased winter hardiness
"Bashkir early"	Plants of medium height, require pollination. The bunch is small, loose, with an average weight of no more than 28 g	The berry is relatively small, round, purple in color, with an average weight of 0.8 g. The skin is dense, the flesh is juicy, and has a sweet and sour taste. Average yields are 145.1 c/ha	Extra early variety. Bred at the Bashkir Institute of Agriculture and Selection. Winter-hardy variety, resistant to mildew, but affected by oidium
"Anniversary"	Bush growth is strong. The clusters are medium, weighing 122 g. Conical shape, maybe winged	The berry is medium, round, golden in color with a green tint. The flesh is fleshy, with a crunch. The taste is nutmeg. Average yield 121 c/ha	Ultra-early ripening table variety. Has increased resistance to diseases and pests
"Basil"	Medium vigor, compact bunch weighing up to 215 g	The berries are blackish-blue, elongated in shape, with a sugar content of up to 16.1%	Early ripening. High winter hardiness
"Pineapple Madeleine"	A plant with medium vigor, clusters of medium density, conical or cylindrical-conical shape, weighing up to 215 g	The berry is medium, oblong, oval, white in color, the pulp is tasty and juicy. Productivity from each bush up to 4.56 kg	Table variety from the Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy. Affected by diseases at a level of 40%, spider mites - 60%
"Squeen's Dream"	Average vigor of bush growth, cylindrical bunch, weighing up to 215 g	The berries are medium-sized, oval, reddish-brown in color. Productivity per bush is almost 4 kg	Universal grape variety, early. Disease incidence without treatment does not exceed 60%
"White Miracle"	Medium height. A bunch weighing 1.50 kg or more, beautiful, moderately loose consistency	The berry is very large, up to 15 g, white, oblong-round. The pulp is fleshy, juicy, the taste is very pleasant. Productivity is quite high	Ultra-early ripening period. Increased resistance to mildew, oidium, gray rot
"Bashkir emerald"	Bushes of medium vigor, with well-ripening, powerful shoots	The berries are round-oval, green, and in the full ripening phase acquire a golden color and transparency. Slight waxy coating, very original and sweet taste	Table, very early ripening. Bred by the Bashkir PYAO. Increased winter hardiness

How to grow grapes in Bashkiria (video)

Preparation and planting of seedlings

It is quite easy to grow grapes in Bashkiria if you follow the planting technology. When preparing seedlings for planting, they are sorted. Today, varieties are often grown in Bashkiria that are not inferior in quality to grapes from the southern regions. The agricultural technology of planting and growing is very simple and accessible even to novice gardeners:

It is recommended to plant grape seedlings in the spring, after the last spring frosts have passed;
the minimum distance between grape bushes planted on the site is a meter, and the optimal distance should be about 1.5-2.0 m;
the optimal distance between the rows of grape bushes should be at least 3.0 m, and the rows themselves should be located in the direction from south to north;
for planting seedlings, it is necessary to dig holes, the dimensions of which are 0.55 x 0.55 m, and the depth is at least 0.55-0.65 m;
when groundwater is close to the ground, it is necessary to provide the plants with high-quality drainage to prevent root rotting.

Before planting, 10 kg of humus or rotted compost should be poured into the planting hole, adding 0.3 kg of superphosphate and 55 g of potassium sulfate. Then the filled soil substrate is spilled abundantly with water. The growth point of the seedlings should be perpendicular to the ground, at a height of 2 centimeters.

When cultivating grapes on the territory of Bashkiria, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the requirements of agricultural technology, which are not complicated and have a positive effect on the development of the plant and its productivity.

Basic rules of care

When cultivating grapes in non-standard climatic conditions, the main care consists of carrying out timely measures to irrigate the vineyard, weeding and loosening the soil. Several times during the season, preventive treatment against diseases and pests should be carried out. Treatments must be completed three weeks before harvest.

It is advisable to carry out high-quality mulching of the soil under the grape bushes, as well as equip the plantings with a deep watering system. Combining watering with the application of liquid fertilizers has a beneficial effect on plants.

Grape feeding

Standard grape care involves fertilizing. It is advisable to use slurry or bird droppings diluted in water as organic fertilizers. It is recommended to feed plants with mineral fertilizers in liquid form.

As a rule, during the growing season, about three root feedings and a couple of foliar feedings with microelements are carried out. It is believed that for the full development and abundant fruiting of a grape bush, a plant needs at least fifteen basic elements, therefore the application of complex fertilizers for grapes has a good effect. Wood ash can be used as a potassium-phosphorus fertilizer at the rate of 95 g per square meter of vineyard.

Bush pruning

Correct and timely pruning of a grape bush not only allows you to increase the volume of the harvest, but also has a positive effect on the taste and quality of the berries. It is advisable to prune in the autumn, before covering the plants for the winter. The procedure consists of annually removing or shortening annual shoots, and, if necessary, pruning old branches.

You may also be interested in an article in which we talk about the features of summer pruning of grapes.

Experienced winegrowers recommend purchasing grape seedlings adapted for cultivation in Bashkiria from specialists at a special breeding center, which belongs to the Agricultural Research Institute and is located in the Kushnarenkovsky experimental garden. All plants bred here are zoned and optimally adapted to the relatively complex climatic and soil characteristics of the region.

Grape varieties for Bashkiria (video)

Interest in grapes has long appeared in Bashkiria. Plantings of this plant can increasingly be found in the garden plots of not only experienced winegrowers, but also novice gardeners. Active temperatures in this region sometimes exceed those of the Moscow region, which makes growing grapes here very promising and successful. According to Bashkir winegrowers, under conditions of proper care, zoned varieties and hybrid forms show high productivity from year to year.

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Growing grapes in Bashkiria

The Isabella variety overwinters well without any shelter. It stands out for its high yield of sweet berries with a strawberry flavor. The Skhodnensky variety also does not require shelter at all. Its berries are small, but sweet, with a strawberry aroma.

Braza-1 and Yubileiny Novgorod require minimal shelter. Aleshenkin is one of the sweetest varieties in the middle zone, which also stands out for its very large bunch - up to 600 g, and sometimes up to one and a half kilograms.

The berries are white, with an amber tint, and large. The harvest in favorable years reaches 10 kg per bush. It is difficult to imagine northern viticulture without the varieties created at the Timiryazev Academy: very early ripening - a gift from the TSHA. Moscow Muscat (large brush, almost up to 500 g), Moscow stable; early ripening - Madeleine pineapple. Mechta Skuinya (high sugar content), Moscow white.

Grape varieties by L. Strelyaeva from Bashkiria

L. Strelyaeva's varieties from Bashkiria are suitable for all regions of Russia. It is important that they not only stand out for their winter hardiness, but are also table-type varieties.

Alexander. average vine vigor; cylindrical bunch weighing 140-200 g; harvest per bush 6-7 kg; cherry blossom berry; sugar content 18%. acid - 1.4%, vitamin C - 29 mg%. Bashkir. strong vine growth; loose bunch weighing 70-100 g; harvest per bush 7-9 kg; the berry is dark blue with a strong waxy coating; sugar content 16%, acid - 1.1%, vitamin C - 20 mg%.

Basil. average vine vigor; compact bunch weighing 140-200 g; black berry of elongated shape; early ripening; sugar content 16%. To obtain a harvest from very early varieties, the sum of active (above 10 ° C) average daily temperatures should be 2000-2200 degrees, for very early varieties - 2200-2400 degrees, for early varieties - 2400-2600 degrees. Find out the temperature conditions where you live and decide which of these varieties is suitable for growing specifically for you.

Some subtleties of growing grapes in the middle zone

When growing grapes in unsuitable climates, amateur gardeners often come up with original techniques. For example, even before planting seedlings, on the northern side of the bed along its entire length, a screen 70-100 cm high is installed from boards covered with tin and painted green (possibly black , but such a building will look gloomy). Firstly, such a screen does not allow the cold north wind to pass through.

Secondly, it heats up in the sun and thereby creates a microclimate favorable for grapes. Grape seedlings are planted at a distance of 30-50 cm from the screen, approximately in the middle of the bed. 20-30 cm from them on each side, they dig a groove 25 cm deep and 15 cm wide, where they place dark bottles upside down - so that they rise above the soil surface by 3-5 cm (it is better to use 0.75 l containers, especially champagne bottles are good).

They are placed close to each other and soil is added - a solar battery is obtained, the heat from which is transferred to the soil to a depth of more than 30 cm. This contributes to better growth of the roots, and, accordingly, the bush. The heat is sufficient for the grapes to ripen well even in cool summers.

Grapes from cuttings

The end of winter is the ideal time to start growing grape seedlings for spring planting from previously prepared cuttings. I’ll tell you about the method most suitable for growing a small number of seedlings in cramped conditions (as, for example, this is done in a city apartment, in order to then plant them on the site).

For a dozen cuttings there is no point in using special technologies. By working with a small number of cuttings, you can obtain planting material of better quality than from traditional shrubs. At the end of February - beginning of March, the vine is removed from the storage location (cellar, refrigerator) and cut into 2-3-eyed cuttings.

The upper cut is made at a distance of 1 - 2 cm above the eye, the lower - slightly obliquely 0.5 - 1 cm below the eye (diaphragm). The lower sections need to be cleaned with a sharp knife from the remnants of crushed cambium formed after cutting with pruning shears. Then the cuttings are soaked for a day in settled tap water, but preferably in boiled or melted water, adding stimulants to it: honey (1 tablespoon per 10 l), heteroauxin and preparations based on it - in accordance with the attached instructions.

Then ventilate them for 15 - 20 minutes. and in the lower part of each with a knife, make 2 - 3 shallow vertical grooves (length 1 - 2 cm). After this, rub the drug Kornevin into the cuts and grooves (then wash your hands thoroughly).

If you have several varieties of cuttings, after cutting, I advise you to mark them so as not to get confused when planting. Then, in a regular half-liter jar (or several, depending on the number of cuttings), place a layer of cotton wool about 2 cm thick at the bottom and pour the same layer of boiled water . Before pouring, you need to cool it, add a couple of crystals of potassium permanganate to the jar and put a piece of charcoal - this will prevent cloudiness and spoilage of the water.

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The cuttings are placed in a jar, placed on the windowsill and left for as long as necessary for rooting. At the same time, you need to add water every 2-3 days so that the lower part of the cuttings always remains moist. The highest quality roots appear not on the part of the cutting that is under water, but on the part directly above the water - there the cambium is constantly moistened and at the same time, it can “breathe”, that is, the combination of humidity and aeration is most optimal for the formation of roots. You can put a plastic bag on top of the jar.

You will get a windowed greenhouse, the humidity in which will be higher compared to the dry air in the apartment. You won’t have to add water frequently, and the budding buds will benefit from a humid microclimate. You can ensure heating of the lower part of the cuttings by placing the jar on a warm (but not hot!) base, for example, on a metal sheet above a heating radiator - this will increase the likelihood and speed of rooting. How As a rule, the buds bloom first, and after 2 - 3 weeks, depending on the variety and quality of the vine, roots appear.

If the vine is not of very high quality, the roots can take up to two months to germinate. And one more important point. If one shoot comes out of the bud, followed by a second one a few days later (from the replacement bud), but there are no roots yet, carefully break off the first, stronger shoot.

Do not feel sorry for it: the beginning of a bush will be given by any shoot, even the very last one, but the first one, growing wildly, is capable of using up the entire supply of nutrients from the tissues of the cutting and they may not be enough to form roots. If the rudiment of an inflorescence appears on the shoot, pinch it off immediately. Watch for the appearance of roots.

First, callus tubercles appear on the cut and from scratches, and then the first roots form from them. There is no need to allow them to grow more than 1 cm in length, otherwise they will become brittle and be injured during transplantation. Cuttings with roots that have appeared are planted in any suitable container.

I had to plant both in peat pots with a capacity of 200 g and in five-liter plastic containers. Of course, the larger the container, the more powerful the bush will grow by the beginning of May!

Plants develop well in containers of 0.5 - 1 liter (plastic disposable beer glasses, cardboard or plastic kefir or yogurt bags with the top cut off, PET bottles cut in half, etc.). For planting, you need to prepare a very light soil mixture : 1 part garden (preferably turf) soil + 1 part humus + 2 parts sand or 1 part purchased universal soil mixture + 1 part sand. The cutting is planted so that its heel is buried a third or a quarter of the depth of the container.

The basic rule for planting is to leave as much volume at the bottom as possible for root development. It is necessary to replant very carefully, the young roots are quite fragile. After transplanting, the plants should be watered well.

Bashkiria grape nursery

If the soil is normal, not very heavy and not very acidic, then the bistro cuttings take root and grow well. Monitor the condition of the leaves: if the chemical composition of the soil is unbalanced and with high acidity, they can become chlorotic (the leaf blade dries out from the edge) and even die. A universal remedy for this is an infusion of wood ash (2 - 3 tablespoons per 1 liter of water), which is thoroughly poured into cups of seedlings.

You can even do this for prevention at the same time as planting cuttings. After a couple of weeks, it is worth repeating the operation.

Seedlings need additional nutrition, therefore, at the stage of rooting cuttings, I recommend adding a solution of manganese chelate to the soil (sold in specialized stores, applied according to the instructions). If the seedlings are growing well, you can begin to quickly form them by pinching them. For example, if it is necessary to grow and form 2 sleeves, then when the grapes are planted at a depth of 40 cm, the shoot is pinched at a distance of 30-35 cm from the heel.

From the two upper buds, stepsons will develop, which will become future sleeves. Planting in early May is carried out to the depth required for a particular variety, in a previously prepared and fertilized planting hole. With good care, by autumn the seedlings will grow into two full branches, which can already produce the first harvest next year.

They are also used for subsequent shaping. I wish you success in growing grapes and good harvests! Source: Yuri Zavarovsky, “Homestead News”.

Rules for processing grapes in early spring

In early spring, grape plants are treated to prevent possible diseases. Preventive measures are especially important after abundant moisture of the soil and plant, after which the plant may develop mildew. Before carrying out the process of processing a grape plant, it is necessary to prune it and tie it up. After establishing positive air temperatures and drying the soil, the vineyards are opened. Grape vines are freed from insulating mats, shields, roofing felt or film, and in the case of an earthen shelter, from the ground. Also, bundles of twigs are removed from the plant, and the grape stems are freed from the remnants of earthen soil. There is no need to untie the bundles of plant twigs; they need to be allowed to dry. After drying them, I tie them in an inclined or vertical position to the trellis.

At the beginning of the grape processing process, the ground is leveled, large earthen lumps are broken and small depressions are made in the rows between the trellises. The treatment is carried out on the plant stems, trunk and sleeves, and the soil around the grape plant is also carefully processed. The above-ground parts of the plant are generously sprayed with a special composition, special attention should be paid to the stems and forks of the branches. Several days after the processing process, the fruit stems and sleeves are tied to a trellis. To prevent burns from occurring on the plant, it is initially necessary to carry out eradication treatment and staking of the plant.

How to treat grapes after winter

Treatment of a grape plant is carried out depending on its variety, as well as the plant’s susceptibility to various diseases. Recommended preparations for treating the plant are Nitrofen, the insecticide Karbofos and the anti-tick drug Oxychom.

Nitrophen is one of the universal preparations for treatment, as it helps fight most types of pests. This product is used until the buds open. Such prevention is necessary if in the previous season the plant was severely damaged by pests or some kind of disease.

To combat the fungus, plants use Bordeaux mixture by watering the plant at the root. It is better to apply this product in hot weather after heavy rains, since water on grape leaves has a detrimental effect on it.

One of the most common diseases of grapes is chlorosis, which is manifested by yellowing of the leaves of the plant in spring and summer, as a result of excess moisture in the soil and lack of iron in the soil. To prevent this disease, iron sulfate is used; it tightens the kidneys for a period of up to ten days, as a result of which the eyes are protected from frost.

What to spray on grapes in spring

Spraying a grape plant is an integral procedure for its care, since this plant is highly susceptible to diseases and pests. Read more about the diseases that affect grapes. The spraying procedure is carried out in the spring until the buds bloom with a three percent low concentrated solution of copper sulfate.

In the case of cultivating covering plant varieties, spraying is carried out at the beginning of summer with a one percent solution of Bordeaux mixture, before flowering. After its cessation, the procedure is repeated.

After the air temperature reaches twelve degrees Celsius, treatment against caterpillars is carried out. To prevent their appearance and reproduction, the grapes are sprayed with a dust solution and repeated if necessary. Against pestra disease, a mixture based on Parisian greens and slaked lime is used.

Video Lesson: Spring grape care

Spring pruning of grapes

Most varieties of grape plants are susceptible to frost, as a result of which they need to be inspected and extensively pruned in early spring. You need to trim up to 80 percent of last year's growth and the old parts of the plant, as a result the grapes will grow well and produce a large harvest.

After the pruning process, you need to tie up the plant and form a bush. As a result of molding, each two-year-old sleeve of the plant should have several shoots. The upper sleeves are cut to twelve eyes for yield, while the lower sleeves are cut to four for replacement. Double-sided four-arm trimming of the plant is carried out within three years. In the first year you need to grow two shoots, in the second - four, and in the third year - eight.

Consequently, pruning the plant in the spring will bring not only a neat and attractive appearance, but also a large fruit harvest.

How to grow grapes in Bashkiria? Planting grapes in Bashkiria in spring, care and pruning

Video: Grape pruning, shelter (Metelev)

The best time to plant this capricious berry crop, unadapted to the harsh northern conditions, is spring, May. After all, if this work is carried out in the fall, as is done in many more southern regions, the not completely rooted seedlings, having gone into winter, can easily freeze in the harsh northern conditions. Therefore, the best option is to plant grapes in Bashkiria in the spring. It is carried out by two-year-old cuttings or seedlings at the time when sap flow begins in the grape bushes. In Bashkiria this happens in May, and just at this time the soil at a depth of 30 cm warms up to 10°C, which is optimal for grape seedlings.

Video: Grapes

Preparing it for landing;
Direct landing;
Caring for seedlings.

The color of the bark has not changed.

Video: Couldn't say it better! Autumn planting of grapes.

When gardeners ask the question of how to grow grapes in Bashkiria, it is worth noting that they should take the preparation of the planting pit very seriously. It should be the same as for a fruit tree. This is very important on soils such as those in Bashkiria - poor sandy and heavy clay. The result of the efforts will be felt in a few years - at the time when the seedling gains full strength and begins to bear fruit. The planting hole, which is intended to grow grapes in Bashkiria, must be very well fertilized. This will help the bush to develop deep roots that are more frost-resistant. Accordingly, the plant's growth vigor will increase.

Video: Growing grapes in a small area

How to grow grapes in Bashkiria? Planting grapes in Bashkiria in spring, care and pruning

Where to buy a suitable variety in Bashkiria?

Zoned varieties of Bashkir grapes

Why are grapes planted in spring in Bashkiria?

The best time to plant this capricious berry crop, unadapted to the harsh northern conditions, is spring, May. After all, if this work is carried out in the fall, as is done in many more southern regions, the not completely rooted seedlings, having gone into winter, can easily freeze in the harsh northern conditions. Therefore, the best option is to plant grapes in Bashkiria in the spring.
It is carried out by two-year-old cuttings or seedlings at the time when sap flow begins in the grape bushes. In Bashkiria this happens in May, and just at this time the soil at a depth of 30 cm warms up to 10°C, which is optimal for grape seedlings.

General sequence of actions when planting grapes

Planting grapes in Bashkiria in the spring is carried out in a certain sequence. Simply it can be expressed as follows:

Checking the suitability of planting material;
Preparation of planting holes of the required size for seedlings;
Preparing it for landing;
Direct landing;
Caring for seedlings.

What is the preparation of seedlings?

In order to check the suitability of the planting material, you should make a small cut on the seedling (chubuk). Planting grapes in Bashkiria involves using those chibouks that have:

The cut vine should have green wood.
The color of the bark has not changed.
If you press on the peephole with your finger, it will fall off.
When the eye is cut lengthwise, rudimentary leaves are visible in it.

If the vine has a whitish or pale green color when cut, and there is no moisture, then this indicates that it is dead and not suitable for planting.

Selecting a location and preparing a planting hole

How to choose the right place for planting so that growing grapes in Bashkiria brings only joy to the gardener? There are certain rules for this:

The place intended for the future vineyard should be illuminated by the sun most of the day.
It is best to use a southern slope for planting.
There should be no groundwater nearby, as the vineyards cannot tolerate it.
If you plan to plant several bushes, it is best to place them in one row, at a distance of 2 meters from each other. Their extension should be from north to south. The distance between rows should be at least a meter.

When gardeners ask the question of how to grow grapes in Bashkiria, it is worth noting that they should take the preparation of the planting pit very seriously. It should be the same as for a fruit tree. This is very important on soils such as those in Bashkiria - poor sandy and heavy clay.
The result of the efforts will be felt in a few years - at the time when the seedling gains full strength and begins to bear fruit. The planting hole, which is intended to grow grapes in Bashkiria, must be very well fertilized. This will help the bush to develop deep roots that are more frost-resistant. Accordingly, the plant's growth vigor will increase.

How to properly fill a planting hole

What care is needed for vineyards in Bashkiria?

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How should grapes be cared for in the fall and pruned for the winter?

Grapes are a rather capricious plant, which not every gardener will grow even in the middle zone. Annual care of grapes in the fall, pruning for the winter, thinning foliage and other operations are necessary for proper formation and increasing the yield from the bush.

Grapes are a rather capricious plant, which not every gardener will grow even in the middle zone. Grapes are excellently cultivated in Bashkiria, which belongs to the region of risky farming; you just need to know how to properly care for the grapes.

Getting a wonderful harvest of this plant in difficult climatic conditions is not so easy. Not everyone can afford to experiment with testing varieties, and it is not necessary. Grapes in Bashkiria are not tiny, tasteless berries, but very large and bright, fragrant clusters. To begin with, it is worth purchasing a zoned seedling for propagation, which was obtained for existence in the Bashkir climate; proper planting and care of the grapes will increase the likelihood of success.

Among the varieties presented in nurseries, the most popular is Alexander. It is early, belongs to the table variety, and is characterized by increased frost resistance. When ripe, the fruits turn a pleasant dark pink color and have a wonderful taste and aroma. A bunch of this specimen weighs almost 150 g. Its only drawback is the high malleability of gray rot. Several other varieties prepared for this region have similar parameters. Prominent among them are Bashkirsky, Yubileiny, Druzhba, May-3. Hybrids have a bunch weight of about 500 g, these are P-65, P-81, hybrid No. 342. They are very popular and annually cause pride among gardeners growing grapes in Bashkiria, who boast of a generous harvest.

Autumn pruning of grapes (video)

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Stages of planting grapes

By making a small cut on the seedling (chubuk), they check it for damage and viability. The vine will have a greenish color when cut. The bark of the entire plant should not change color. When you press on the peephole (bud), it will fall off. If you cut a bud, you can see the rudimentary leaves. A pale white or pale green color on the cut of the vine and a lack of moisture (dry vine) will clearly show that it is lifeless and not suitable for planting.

The place chosen for the future grape bush should be in direct sunlight most of the day. It is better to choose a site on the south side, where it is warm and windless. It is worth checking the place for groundwater; if it is too close, the grape bush will not like it at all. When the decision is made to plant several plants, place them in one strip (in a north-south direction) with intervals of 2 m from each other and 1 m between rows.

It is worth preparing the planting hole carefully and responsibly. The diameter of the hole corresponds to the size of the hole for the fruit tree; this parameter becomes especially important on poor sandy and heavy clay soils. It is recommended to add humus (2-3 buckets) to the bottom of the prepared area. If clay predominates in the soil, 2 buckets of crushed stone or sifted sand are poured into the hole to increase drainage and air permeability of the soil. The next layer is 400 g of sifted ash and 200 g of mineral phosphorus fertilizer. The layers are dug up with a shovel filled with soil, which is located at the very bottom of the hole.

Getting a wonderful harvest of this plant in difficult climatic conditions is not so easy.

Types of irrigation

The plant tolerates drought better than all other crops; this is due to its large and branched, deep-lying root system, which conducts water well. At the same time, grapes are a very responsive plant to watering. There are several options for how to properly care for grapes. Sweat watering should always take into account the time of year.

Autumn water-recharging irrigation is carried out through channels made to cover the bushes with soil and along drainage. Dry soil is most susceptible to the penetration of cold, frosty air, which affects porosity. This exposes the plant's roots to frostbite and death.

Water-recharging irrigation of grapes involves the accumulation of moisture in the soil for subsequent periods. By watering the bush abundantly, you will wet the soil by 40 cm, then the moisture will very slowly drop below (20 cm per month), by the summer it will reach a depth of one and a half meters, where even the most severe drought is not scary, the grape plant will use this deep moisture.

Caring for grapes in the spring consists of spring watering. It is carried out according to the autumn scheme, if there was little snow in winter. It is carried out until the kidneys (eyes) awaken. Cold water will delay the flowering of the plant, but will protect it from late frosts, while warm water stimulates growth and awakens the buds.

When planting in the fall, 1-2 buckets are poured into the prepared hole; this will be planting watering of the grapes. The seedling is placed in a hole, covered halfway with soil and again spilled with 1-2 buckets of water. In the spring, hot water is used to warm the soil, and then watering is carried out with warm water.

The plant tolerates drought better than all other crops, this is due to its large and branched, deep-lying root system, which conducts water well

The main function of young grapes in the first year of life is to organize a viable root system. Initially, the roots grow within the radius of the planting site. Therefore, watering in the first year of growing season must be done in a channel, which is formed 30 cm from the base of the plant; the depth should be 20 cm.

The need for vegetation watering is determined by examining the plant itself and by looking at its leaves. It is produced by water heated in the sun. The following growing seasons will be most suitable for irrigation:

awakening the eyes;
end of flowering period;
bunch growth, berry ripening.

A sharp loss of peduncles will be caused by watering the grapes before or during flowering. It is not recommended to water shortly before harvesting; the fruits may crack or not fully ripen.

When caring for young grapes in the summer, you should remember that the soil around the trunk is loosened several times during the growing season.

Plant care in autumn

The pruning procedure should begin only after the plant has fallen asleep. The grapes will go dormant a few weeks after the leaves fall. Until this time, photosynthesis continues to actively occur in the shoots of the plant. Early pruning contributes to a lack of sufficient amounts of organic and mineral substances for a favorable winter and subsequent harvest.

There are places where pruning of grapes is carried out in mid-September the first year. In most cases, caring for grapes in the fall depends on the weather conditions of the region and how soon the first frosts arrive. Pruning carried out with the onset of the first frost can lead to damage to the vine, since frost causes the shoots to become very brittle and brittle. During the operation, damaged, diseased and dry shoots are removed, which will later need to be collected in one pile and burned to prevent the spread of pests, spores, larvae and other diseases further through the grape bushes.

The formation of grapes in the first year occurs as follows. Remove excess shoots, but do not forget that on the vine you need to leave, in addition to good main branches, shoots that perform a backup function. Along the growth of the vine, 2 wires should be stretched to secure the grapes, the lower one is 30 cm from the ground, the upper one is 60 cm. There are several pruning rules that should be followed:

Do not touch the two lower buds on the vine, because... The formation has not yet finished.
At the beginning of September, all young side shoots on last year's branches are cut out. Precisely those that reached the top support.
Young shoots that have reached the lower support are not cut out, but only the upper part is trimmed, namely to 10-20% of the total length.
Throughout October, a fruiting link is formed, which consists of a fruiting arrow and a replacement knot.
In mid-September, all shoots 20 cm long are removed.
Branches that reach more than 30 cm are cut by 10%.
In first-year shoots, all unnecessary shoots are removed, leaving only those located at an angle of . For a powerful bush you need to have up to 7 such sleeves.
The last step will be to remove the top.

All exposed areas are lubricated with garden varnish to prevent infection or rotting.

The pruning procedure leads to rejuvenation of the bush and an increase in yield, the berries become larger and the clusters richer

How to care for grapes in spring? The process is carried out similarly to autumn care. Opening a bush after winter, pruning and feeding are regulated procedures on which the vineyard’s harvest depends.

In summer, to increase yield, grape catarrh is done, a procedure for cutting off surface roots. When caring for young grapes in the summer, you should remember that the soil around the trunk is loosened several times during the growing season. You need to get rid of weeds on time and water several times a week.

Pruning grapes in autumn (video)

How to protect grapes from frost

The grapevine is often covered with coniferous paws, so it will suffer least from frost and will be remarkably insulated. But this method is far from the only one; there are other options, from simply wrapping it with covering material or film to digging the vine into the ground along its entire length.

There are varieties that have sufficient frost resistance, and additional care for the vineyard in the fall is not needed, but this depends on weather conditions and the place in which the grapes will grow. To increase frost resistance when the plant is dormant, it is necessary for the grapes to undergo a hardening process.

The most reliable and optimal way to protect grapes from frost is to bury them in trenches

The initial stage of hardening is carried out for 15 days, at a temperature of +10ºС. 0ºС. During this process, starch is broken down into sugars, which will serve as an energy material that will increase frost resistance.

The second stage of hardening will be a process that takes place for 15 days at a temperature of -1ºC. -15ºС.

Frost protection

The most reliable and optimal way to protect grapes from frost is to bury them in trenches and cover them with layers of soil and snow. The rule states that the soil should be filled to a height of 35 cm. By covering the plant in this way, even immature vines can be preserved. Additionally, the bush is sprayed with slaked lime, dried and wrapped in covering material to protect against rot and physical damage to the sleeve during covering. After this, it is laid in a trench and secured there, sprinkled with soil. To protect the trenches from flooding, roofing material or film is spread on top of the hilled vine, so water does not get inside. Healthy, previously pruned vines (without signs of pests and diseases) and tree branches will help retain the snow longer.

Many professional gardeners in cold regions use the “dry” winter method of closing grapes. With this method, the plant is not buried in anything, which prevents eye rot, but the hardening process still occurs. The sleeves and fruit vines are tied into armfuls and secured at the bottom of the trench without touching the ground. You can place roofing felt under the vine; this completely insulates the bush from the cold of the soil. For shelter, shields made of wood (30 mm) are used, on which film or roofing felt is spread on top. This is protection from melt water. This is how the grape bush will winter.

After all the manipulations of care, feeding, pruning, winter shelter and spring care, all that remains is to wait for the grapes to bloom, a powerful bush and bright, sweet, large bunches

You can fully open the grapes after winter once warm temperatures have established. After this, the green shoots are separated from each other and tied to trellises. Caring for grapes in early spring will consist of moisture-recharging watering.

Another method of increasing frost resistance is fumigation with smoke. To do this, piles of a mixture of wet straw and manure are made in the rows at a distance of 6 m from each other. They are lit when the air temperature passes 0°C. Fumigation continues for 3 hours after sunrise. Heaps should be set on fire from the leeward side.

After all the manipulations of care, feeding, pruning, winter shelter and spring care, all that remains is to wait for the grapes to bloom, a powerful bush and bright, sweet, large bunches.

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How to plant grapes correctly in Bashkiria

It is recommended to grow zoned varieties and hybrids in this region that bear fruit well and are suitable for the local climate.

Grapes in the Bashkir Republic: varieties

In general, the choice of grapes must be approached very responsibly so that it grows well and bears juicy fruits. It is best to grow in Bashkiria

the following types:

Alexander. The fruits of this variety have a dark pink hue, they are oblong and fleshy. The weight of the bunch is 137 g. This type is resistant to various pests and diseases, and also tolerates frost and snow well.
Anniversary. It has a large bush, the clusters are medium in size, and the berries are fleshy, with a nutmeg flavor and golden color. He is also not afraid of diseases or pests.
Bashkir early. It has purple round fruits, a sweet and sour taste and juicy pulp. It tolerates winters calmly, but is sometimes affected by oidium.
Madeleine pineapple. It has white, oblong and medium-sized berries. This is a table variety that does not cope well with pests. Often these grapes are affected by spider mites.

To practice viticulture in Siberia, it is important to know which varieties are suitable for a given climate. There are specially bred grape varieties of Siberian selection.

One of the grape varieties for Siberia - in memory of Dombovskaya

Characteristics of grape varieties for Siberia

About 50 years ago, grape selection for the harsh northern regions began. To do this, it was necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the Siberian climate:

long and frosty winter;
strong fluctuations in daily and seasonal temperatures;
very short growing season.

Therefore, only winter-resistant varieties are used. They need to withstand -40 degrees below zero. The time of ripening of the bunches is of great importance in the description of Siberian selection: from the moment of bud opening to the ripening of the bunches. In the North, early types of grapes ripen in 115-125 days. Very early varieties produce fruit ripening in 105-115 days. Super early grapes need less than 105 days.

Grapes Tukay

This is a very early variety of Siberian selection, producing high yields. It ripens in 100 days. Its bushes are growing widely. One vine can produce many grapes. Ripe fruits can remain on the bush for a long time in good condition. The clusters are large, reaching one kilogram. Amber with a green tint, small berries with a nutmeg flavor. Their skin is dense, so this variety tolerates transportation well. If the bush is overloaded, the size of the bunches will be smaller. To prevent this, the inflorescences are normalized, removing the excess ones.

The variety normally tolerates frosts of -25 degrees. But Tukai is not endowed with good protection against pests. If you take proper care, the bush will not hurt.

Siberian grape variety Tukai

Variety Solovyova-58

Solovyova-58 ripens in the last days of summer. It is used for winemaking, juice preparation, and consumed as a table variety. Productivity is average. By normalizing the bush, compactness is created. The brushes are relatively small in size, from 100 to 300 grams. The berries are white, round, weighing 2-4 grams, very juicy, having one rudimentary seed, with a nutmeg-strawberry flavor. Solovyov's grapes -58 are endowed with good protection against diseases and take root quickly. Resistant to frost, can withstand up to -32 degrees. This is great for Siberia. But it is necessary to cover it for the winter.

Grapes Rusoven

The fruits of Rusoven are achieved in 115 days. It is used as a table variety and for making wine. It has average fruitfulness, but is not transportable. The bunches ripen with a weight of 500 grams to 1 kilogram. The berries are large, up to 5-6 grams, green in color, with a special nutmeg smell. In rainy weather or excessive watering, cracking of the grapes is possible. The sweetness of the berries attracts wasps. For protection, purchase nets or spray with insecticides. The bush tolerates frosts well (up to -27 degrees). Resistant to downy mildew and powdery mildew.

Grapes Muromets

The fruits ripen in 110 days. It is used as a table variety and is also suitable for making raisins. The bush is characterized by strong growth and bears fruit well. The weight of a ripe bunch reaches 400 grams. The berries are dark blue in color, large with a waxy coating. The berry is fleshy, with a small number of seeds, and has no odor.

Muromets is perfectly protected from mildew, but is sensitive to oidium and gray rot. Frost resistance is high up to -26 degrees.

Red nutmeg extra early

It takes 95 to 100 days for the fruits of the very early red nutmeg to ripen. The brushes are of medium size, weighing about 400 grams. The berries weigh 4-5 grams, are round in shape, reddish in color; when they are fully ripe, they turn purple. The pulp has a predominant nutmeg flavor and a crunch when bitten. Frost resistance is low, withstands only -23 degrees. In winter, covering with agrofibre is necessary. Not spoiled by wasps. Endowed with good protection against gray rot, but protection against oidium and mildew is average.

Grapes Codryanka

Codryanka bunches ripen in three months. The fruitfulness of the variety is high. The weight of the bunches is on average 400-600 grams, but sometimes reaches 1.5 kilograms. After ripening, the clusters remain on the bush for a long time without losing their qualities. The berries are large, from 6 to 8 grams. Their pulp is dense, the seeds are easily separated, and they have excellent taste.

Codriana has increased resistance to disease, but resistance to frost is low, up to -22 degrees.

Siberian grape variety - Kodryanka

Early Bashkir grapes

The variety was created by breeder L.N. Strelyaeva. based on Amur grapes. Bashkir early has high root resistance to frost, compared to European and Asian varieties. This species actively matures in the early stages throughout the entire length of growth. But the growth rate is average. Early Bashkir grapes are characterized by the presence of female flowers. For pollination purposes, it is recommended to plant other early varieties: Amur hybrids, Zilga, Alpha, etc.

The variety is capable of producing high yields. There can be 4-5 flower clusters per shoot, but pollination is necessary. The bunch of this species itself is small, but the berry is large, up to 10-15 mm. The color of the berry is dark purple, the taste is sweet and sour, delicious. Children love it.

Early Russian grapes

The variety was developed in Novocherkassk. Quite early ripening period: from 105 to 110 days. Characterized by active growth. The bunch is small, weighing from 250 to 400 grams, conical in shape, loose, sometimes loose. The berries weigh from 3 grams to 5 grams, are oval, dark pink in color, and sweet in taste. The vine is actively ripening. Russian early has established itself as a reliable species. The variety is especially popular among grape lovers.

Grapes Mystery of Sharov

This is a hybrid form of Siberian grape selection. It was bred by the Siberian breeder R.F. Sharov in 1972. The Sharov's Riddle grapes have bisexual flowers, so the bush self-pollinates. Clusters are found in both small and medium sizes. The berries are round in shape, dark blue in color, and have a sweet and sour taste. Ripening in Siberia occurs in mid-August. The fruitfulness of the hybrid is high. 3-4 clusters grow on one shoot. All stepsons are fruitful.

They have smaller clusters, but the berries are larger and ripen later than the main fruits.

Grapes Mystery of Sharov

At the bottom, the stepsons are pinched over 3-4 leaves, the upper stepsons are removed or pinched, and the inflorescences are removed.

The vine ripening occurs in the early stages and throughout the entire growth. Ripe fruits remain on the bush. When dried, the berry is even sweeter.

Features of grape care in Siberia

When growing grapes on Siberian lands, the following features must be taken into account.

In winter, planting material is stored in deep storage facilities that do not freeze, or in deep trenches up to one meter, covered with a thick snow cover.
When cultivating, it is better to give preference to early types of European grapes, which are grafted on the rootstocks of winter-hardy varieties: Amur and American. Thanks to this, there will be no freezing of the roots, which allows the plant to develop well and produce a high yield. Grafting accelerates the growing season of the crop: in the spring, sap flow occurs earlier, and later in the fall, the activity of the root system stops.
Planting in autumn in deep and fertilized soil will protect the root system from freezing.
In spring in Siberia, it is not recommended to tie up the vine earlier. It is better to wait for the end of frost, covering the vine with film or pieces of rags..
Green operations are carried out at the beginning of the growing season; they are limited to minor breaking off of stepsons and barren shoots at the top of the bush. Sometimes large shoots that have reached the top wire of the support are pinched and the perpendicularly developing shoots are pinched.
Due to the harsh climate, the crop needs to be “trained” to the Siberian environment and not be sprayed, fertilized, or loosened in the summer.
Weeds are removed from around young grapes. Between the rows, weeds are mowed or weeded.
In Siberia there are no pests and fewer diseases of grapes, so the use of pesticides is not advisable.
Modeling a bush on a vertical wire support is done using cardio-radiation.