Stairs with turning steps. Ladder with winder steps do it yourself

When building houses with more than one floor, a common problem is the limited space for installing stairs. The most suitable option in such cases would be a metal turning staircase with winder steps. Such stairs, due to the variety of shapes, will fit well into a modern interior and save usable space.

Construction types

Usually, to go to the second floor, a staircase with one march is mounted. This ascent can be divided into two marches, then there should be a transition platform between them. To save space and a more aesthetic appearance, this platform is replaced with winder steps. Cross-country stairs are called stairs with steps in a shape resembling triangles or trapezoids, attached radially to one common support.

These stairs are of several types.

Screw. Looks like a spiral. Completely consist of winder steps.
Marching. Instead of transition platforms, there are winder steps with a 90-degree bend.
P - figurative. Parallel marches are interconnected by a 180 degree bend.
Mixed. The lower mid-flight and upper spiral staircases are interconnected by winder steps.

The requirements for turning stairs with winder steps are quite strict.

When installing such a ladder, comfortable, unhindered and safe movement should be ensured. For this, the following conditions must be taken into account when designing:

the width of the step along the line of motion (where the foot steps directly) is at least 200 mm, in its narrow part - 100 mm, and in the wide part - 400 mm;
the height of the tread should be equal on all march spans and comfortable for descent and ascent, from 120 to 220 mm is considered optimal;
for comfortable movement, the distance between the ceiling and the steps should be equal to the height of a tall person plus 10 cm, but not less than two meters;
the recommended angle of inclination of the stairs is 30-45 degrees;
the angle of rotation should be equal to or slightly greater than the angle of inclination of the stairs;

railings are installed parallel to the angle of inclination of the stairs at a height of 0.8-1.0 m;
the optimal width of the flight of stairs is not less than 0.9 m;
the stairs must be freely accessible;
the structure is located in a less visited part of the room, for example, in the corner;
the installation of a metal staircase in a wooden building must be done after the house shrinks, otherwise a structural failure may occur.

Advantages and disadvantages

Like all stairs, winder ones also have their pros and cons.

The advantages of these structures include:

possibility of installation outdoors and indoors;
saving space not only on the first, but also on subsequent floors;
thanks to the variety of shapes and designs, you can create a unique work of art that fits into any interior in an original way;
long service life;
design reliability.

The disadvantages include:

for safety and ease of use, accurate design calculations are required;
high risk of injury and inconvenience when moving due to the width of the steps: wider outside and narrow inside (absent with proper design);
the noise emitted when walking (is eliminated by finishing the steps with a coating of wood, rubber, tiles, etc.);
painting or enameling is required, except if the structure is made of stainless steel;
high price both when buying a finished product, and when making it yourself;
self-installation requires knowledge of welding production and appropriate equipment.

Design of a turning staircase with winder steps

One of the main stages in the construction of stairs is design. It depends on it what dimensions and appearance the future interfloor transition will have.

Design includes the following stages:

taking measurements;
carrying out calculations;
drawing up a diagram - a drawing according to which the turning staircase will be mounted.

Initially, they determine the location of the stairs and measure the length, height, width of the space under the flight of stairs. The type and size of the future interlevel transition depends on the amount of free space.

For each turntable, a corresponding calculation is carried out.

Calculation of the number of steps

For a more accurate calculation, you can use the formula N=H1/H2, where:

N is the number of steps;
H1 - span height;
H2 - step height.

If you do not get an integer, then you need to change the height of all steps or only the first. You can substitute a platform with the missing height under the flight of stairs.

Winder steps are not advised to install more than 3-5 pieces, otherwise the steps will turn out to be narrow and inconvenient for climbing.

For products with a sharp turn

At the initial design stage, the master determines the axis from which the staircase bend radius is located. For a bend at an angle of 90 degrees, the axis is at the junction of the lines of the extreme straight steps in marches. If the angle is 180 - then right between the two spans. So that the steps are not too narrow, the axis can be moved out of the span by 1/8 of the width of the march.

The outer edge of the running section is equal to the gap from the axis to the outer edge of the straight march steps. And also from the axis, you can draw arcs passing along the inner edge and the middle line.

Along the line of motion, it is necessary to set aside segments equal to the width of the foot, approximately 200 mm long. Draw rays from the central axis through these segments. This will be the silhouette of the future steps.

For a model with a smooth transition

Stairs with a steep transition are inconvenient for movement, so a softer transition is often used.

In such a transition, the change of steps into a triangular shape begins even with a marching flight.

For U-shaped stairs

Initially, the contours of the march spans are indicated on the drawing. There should be ¼ of their width between them. The radius of curvature of the running section is equal to half the width between marches plus the width of the march. Then this radius is laid off from the upper edge of the winder steps and the axis of curvature of the flight of stairs is found.
After the radius of curvature has been found, the upper and lower arcs of the march turn and the middle of the stairs are drawn from the axis.
The next stage is the distribution of steps. It is recommended to start from the center. Segments with a length equal to the width of the step are laid along the midline. This line should be exactly in the middle of the step, and from this line the following steps are sequentially marked.

Unlike a soft transition, you need to decide where the running section will begin. The fewer steps there are in this area, the safer and more convenient this area will be.

For stairs with 90 degree turn

To save space and securely fix the structure, it is more convenient to install it in the corner of the room.

The calculation must begin with a drawing of a circle with a radius equal to 1/2 of the span width. In the future, this will be the middle line on the winder section.

In relation to the vertical of this circle, we draw a line (axis of rotation) at an angle of 45 degrees. The tangent line to the axes of the circle indicates the line of movement along the stairs. Then this line is divided into segments equal to the average width of the steps.

There can be two options for the distribution of steps:

the axis of rotation bisects the middle step;
steps are proportionally deposited on both sides of the axis of rotation.

Then we find the point of intersection of the last step of the lower march and the first step of the upper march. This will be the center from which the radial lines are drawn through the segments on the line of motion. This center can be adjusted in order to maintain the size of the outer step width of 400 mm and the inner one of 100 mm. These lines are the contours of the steps.

The resulting drawing is a scale diagram of the stairs.

To obtain more accurate dimensions, it is better to calculate in a graphical editor or a special computer program. The programs will allow you to create a three-dimensional model indicating all the parameters.

The most famous programs are:

"Compass"- You do not need to have special skills to work in it;
solidworks- a program for the creation of engineering structures;
Consultec Staircon- will allow you to create a 3D project and calculate the necessary costs.

But the data obtained when drawing up a drawing on paper is enough to build a reliable and durable staircase. For ease of construction and obtaining the most approximate dimensions, such drawings are best drawn up on graph paper. This will make it easier to convert actual sizes. And minor inconsistencies can be eliminated during the installation process.

If the room has high ceilings, then you should also pay attention to the buildings from a series of steps with a 90-degree turn. To make lifting safer, it is preferable to use an intermediate platform during the construction of structures.

Let's highlight some of the features:

the space under the steps can be used for your own needs;
may, if necessary, have entry from any side: ninety-degree stairs are right-handed and left-handed;
winder steps during the construction of the structure are smaller in height, unlike other types of stairs;
marches are at right angles, the intermediate platform is executed in the form of a square.

The most commonly used material in the manufacture is wood. By production of stairs of wooden rotary on 90 degrees firm breeds of wood are used: an oak, an ash-tree, a beech. Or semi-solid: spruce, larch, pine. Wooden structures have always been famous for their elegance. In addition, wooden products will have a beneficial effect on health.

The presented structure, right-handed or left-handed, can be equipped with winder steps. Climbing a winder ladder with a 90-degree turn cannot be called very comfortable, since the inner side of its steps is smaller than the outer one. However, the design has an elegant appearance, and if properly located, it will save a lot of space and will serve for many years.

Calculation of a turntable at ninety degrees

Calculating the dimensions of the finished structure is not an easy task. You can use special mathematical formulas, but it is easier to do this with the help of an online calculation calculator, which can be found on the Internet. You will need the following measurements:

distance between two floors (from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second);
opening length;
building width.

This is the minimum set of parameters that you will need.
With certain knowledge and skills, you can carry out the calculation yourself. If not, then we recommend using the services of our professional measurer.

Winder steps make the stairs more elegant, although they reduce ease of use.

No matter how perfect the interior of the corridor, hall or living room is, the staircase in these rooms always catches the eye and arouses genuine interest. A staircase with a turn (or winder staircase) is doubly endowed with this gift. Understanding the turns of the stairs and winder steps is not so difficult. After spending a little time and delving into the essence of the issue, you can independently make a staircase with turns or, in extreme cases, control the process of its construction.

Like two and two

It's good when the ladder is stretched like a string and nothing prevents you from flying from floor to floor in a straight line. The only inconvenience is that you need to free up a lot of space along one of the walls. In order for the staircase to be as convenient and safe as possible, certain parameters must be followed. So, for example, a step with about 15 cm and a tread depth of 30 cm is considered convenient. If a tread is planned to take off, then its size should be no more than 5 cm. The area in front of the flight of stairs should have an area of at least 90 square centimeters. The average ceiling height is 2.5 meters. For a straight staircase with such parameters, it is necessary to leave more than five linear meters of free space along one wall.

The straight flight staircase is by far the easiest to design and the most comfortable.

If there is not so much free space in the room, you have to make a staircase with several flights and turntables. Turning the stairs 90 or 180 degrees can be equipped with winders. For such steps, the inner side is smaller than the outer one, so the transition along them is less comfortable than along the stairs with a turntable.

Winder steps can be installed as on a two-flight ladder ...

... and on a three-march design.

The staircase with rotary steps has a rather original, elegant appearance. At the same time, it takes up very little space: 2.5 meters along one wall and 1.5 meters along the other. These dimensions are average for stairs with 90 degree turning steps.

Design features

Despite the apparent fragility of the structure, the turntable is quite durable. On the one hand, the kosour is attached to the wall, and on the other, it rests on the central support. If the height of the room and the area allotted for the stairs allow the designer's imagination to unfold, then you can design a staircase with three flights and turn it ninety degrees twice. In this case, the central outer stringer will be attached between two supporting columns, and the upper and lower outer stringers will burst the entire structure. With or without risers, wood or metal, the curved staircase organizes the space around it. One more moment. During the descent and ascent of any stairs, it is common for a person to step on the central part of the tread. This is dictated by the internal instinct of self-preservation. Winder steps have a triangular shape or the shape of a truncated triangle. When moving on such surfaces, one must move closer to the edge of the tread, which rests on the wall as the widest (deepest) part of the tread.

For example, in this case, it is almost impossible to move along the narrow part of the steps.

Traffic safety rules

GOST and SNiP - examples of the bible for builders - fixed the minimum dimensions, subject to which, a staircase with winder steps will be safe:

Winder stairs are a durable and safe construction. But only compliance with the provisions of GOST and SNiP makes it so. If the basic parameters and dimensions are not observed, the risks of falling and slipping on the steps increase sharply. No handrails and railings can minimize the risk of injury due to the incorrect design of the "g" or "p" shaped stairs.

An example of a comfortable winder staircase.

winder steps

The meaning of the winder steps is to replace the horizontal platform between the marches with steps and use this turning point to continue the ascent / descent. Due to this effect, the space required for arranging the winder staircase is saved. It makes no sense to make winder steps with a depth of more than 40 centimeters against the wall. The deeper the tread at the wall, the deeper it is at the central support, and this leads to an increase in the radius of curvature and saving space somewhere. If the depth of the tread at the wall is more than 40 centimeters, and the depth at the central support is within the normal range, then orderly rows of treads are broken. In place of the three "burdocks" four steps could fit and the turn would retain its angle and dynamics of ascent / descent.

When turning 90 degrees, it is recommended to install 4-6 winders.

If the depth of the tread at the central support is less than ten centimeters, then in the center of the tread the depth will not “grow” to a minimum of twenty centimeters. The height of the riser directly depends on the angle of inclination of the entire structure.

Important! It is necessary to maintain the angle of inclination of the stairs in the places of winder steps.

Formulas for success

Before you pick up the tool and start assembling the stairs, you need to draw up a drawing. Next, you need to draw in detail all the moments: the height of the ceiling, the dimensions of the place for installing the stairs, the shape and place of attachment of the central support. Calculate the angle of inclination of the structure and the height of the risers, the depth of the straight tread and the number of winders. At the same time, take into account the minimum and maximum parameters and compare them with GOST and SNiP. Before putting the final point on the drawing, it will not be superfluous to check several formulas and understand how comfortable the future design will be in all respects.

Drawing of a staircase with winder steps in 3 projections.

“a” is responsible for the height of the riser, “b” is responsible for the depth of the tread, from which we have the following parameters of a convenient design:

Convenient formula: b - a = 12 cm.
Safe movement formula: b + a = 46 cm.
Light step formula: 2a + b = 62 (60-64) cm.

We make a detailed drawing of the winder stairs

If the calculations were correct, then your staircase will be comfortable and safe.

Advice! In order not to fill the bumps on the knees, elbows and chin, it is worth taking a responsible approach to the design of the winder stairs.

Metal or wooden, they differ only in terms of the design of the frames. The basic principles of building stairs with winder steps remain unchanged. Methods for constructing drawings and determining the shape of winders differ in the choice of starting points and the construction of rays. Whether you use the Proportion Method, Line Lift, Danish Method, or Sweep Method depends on your mathematical ability. We make a staircase with winder steps

If you have never held a tool in your hands, then the formulas and methods will not help you, and it would be better to entrust the manufacture of stairs with steps at a turn to a professional. He knows that a metal staircase can have one central stringer and it will be enough for the reliability of the entire structure. He will weld the steps from the corner, and he may not install the risers at all. The wooden staircase will be planted by him on stringers supported by racks and walls, with the help of cuts and glue with sawdust. He will arrange wooden steps that are always “running in” horizontally in level. Even the lower edge of the outer string will be cut vertically for its attachment to the first supporting baluster. In general, the question remains only in the budget and your desire! And the complexity of the design is a secondary matter.

Stairs with a 90 degree turn are called L-shaped. Such stairs are located close to adjacent walls. The site can separate flights of stairs of different lengths. A 90 degree turn is most common in the manufacture of stairs, which become equally good for placement in a country house or in a two-story apartment.

How are L-shaped stairs separated from each other?

Stairs differ in material, turn vector, appearance. The second point is deciphered simply: either the staircase turns to the right or to the left.

Stairs can be made of wood, metal and concrete. There are combined versions of wood with metal.

Features of stairs with a turn of 90 degrees:

Such models do not differ from single-march ones in the presence of a kosour or bowstring, steps and fences, in the form of balusters, railings, handrails.

However, single-flight stairs do not have a platform and winders.

When creating a drawing of a rotary structure, preference is given to either the platform or winder steps. The choice depends on the amount of space available in the room.

The second option is chosen when there is a shortage of space, and usually such steps are made without treads, which gives the stairs airiness.

Construction stages:

How to calculate the height and width of winder steps

In your own calculations, it is best to rely on reliable data of optimal values. The width of the march is 90 cm, the width of the middle part of the winder step is from 20 cm, the height of the steps is from 10 cm, the angle of inclination of the stairs is no more than 45 degrees, the width of the bottleneck of the winder step is from 10 cm.

Instead of a ladder, a ramp is installed when an angle of inclination of more than 23 degrees is not possible. At an angle of inclination of more than 45 degrees, a folding structure will become an alternative to the stairs, since you will have to go down such a steep staircase backwards.

Parts manufacturing

Mounting

Usually, installation starts from the topmost march.

Subsequence:

First, a kosour is fixed on the wall.
After the concrete pillars are concreted.
The outer stringer is fastened to the support post.
The steps are connected to the stringers with the help of props and mounting brackets.
After that, winder steps are mounted, which should firmly “sit down” in place.
After the risers are installed.
After mounted balusters with railings.

Do-it-yourself calculation of a wooden staircase with a 180 turn through winder steps to the second floor

Stairs with a 180 degree turn are called U-shaped. It is based on a rectangular platform that divides the stairs into two flights. The design takes up more space than a 90 degree turntable.

The main thing that is taken into account when designing stairs with a turn of 180 degrees is that the height of the steps should not be greater than their width. The height from the stairs to the ceiling must be at least 1.9 m.

First you need to draw a circle, the radius of which is equal to the sum of the width of the stairs and 0.5 of the distance between the flights.
Marches with a given width and length are drawn on both sides of the circle. A line is drawn through them, along which a person will walk, and straight steps are also marked.
Next, you need to draw a segment BC, which starts from the highest point of the circle, ending with the lowest. Its markings should pass through the middle of the main winder. It is from her that the other steps will descend.
The final straight step is marked as segment DE.

3d calculation program, online constructor

There are about a dozen programs that, according to the available data, can carry out calculations of the future stairs. Some of them design 3D models, create a full-fledged graphic image and a general staircase interior. Such programs greatly facilitate life, allowing you to see the future result as realistic as possible.

There are paid programs on disks, such as ArCon Eleco 2010, its license is paid and costs about 40,000 thousand, the use of such a program is advisable for landscape designers and designers. Its capabilities unfold at a professional level and allow you to design stairs of various shapes and designs, winter gardens, cottages and landscapes.

StairCon is also a paid license program that has become widely used in the creation of stair designs. Among its capabilities are 3D design, counting the quantity and final cost of materials, creating a bill of materials.

There are two free online services for calculating and designing stairs.

"Ladder - online design of stairs" allows you to create a project in four steps. You need to specify the desired shape, dimensions of the stairs and get the finished project at the output. In addition, there is a company selection function that can turn the staircase sketch into reality.

The "WeBsr Stair Calculation" service allows you to calculate the optimal slope, the size of the opening in the floor, the size of the tread and riser, as well as select the type of stairs and the type of opening.

Do-it-yourself calculation of a wooden staircase with a turn of 90, 180 through the winder steps to the second floor, 3d calculation program, online constructor, dimensions of a turning staircase made of wood, photo

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Runners are called steps, the width of which increases from the inside to the outside. Naturally, the calculation of the winder steps must be done with special care at the stage, since the safety and convenience of the entire staircase structure depends on this, whether it be a spiral staircase or a turn of a direct march. Most often, winder steps are made when it is necessary to reduce the dimensions of the stairs by excluding the inter-span platform from its design. At the same time, a place with non-standard steps becomes not very convenient, especially for descending, because the closer a person steps to the inner edge, the less space remains for setting the legs.

Primary requirements

When creating a staircase with winder steps, you need to follow a few basic rules:

The outer part of the steps should not be wider than 40 cm.
The minimum for the inner part is 10 cm (meaning its useful area, and not the very edge).
The middle of the march is 20 cm, and this value must be respected throughout the structure.
The radius of curvature, which characterizes the turning part, is a minimum of 30 cm.

Important! The course of the winder steps should not be winding, otherwise walking along it will not only be inconvenient, but also dangerous.

The calculation of the winder ladder can be made by various methods, depending on what angle the ladder turns.

The method of proportions, with some amendments, is also used to calculate the parameters of rotation by a right angle (90°). It should be noted that this is the easiest way, other graphic methods are more difficult, they require basic knowledge of drawing and design.

The method, called Danish, is also used in calculating the turns of stairs by 90 ° and 180 °. First of all, a horizontal projection is built, on which, as in the method of proportions, a line is drawn in the middle of the march. This line is also divided into segments the size of the width of the step. Then you need to decide on the beginning of the winder steps, the border is marked with point A. Another important point - the beginning of the winder step, located in the middle of the turn, is indicated by the letter B.

Then half of the line of the middle of the march with tread marks is unfolded so that a straight line is obtained, and a perpendicular is drawn from each mark. For the mark, which indicates the first winder step (after the straight lines), the length of the perpendicular is chosen equal to the width of the tread. For a mark at the opposite end of the unfolded straight line (mark of the winder located in the middle of the turn), the length of the perpendicular is taken equal to the minimum width of the steps. The two obtained perpendiculars are connected to each other, and the values of the lengths of the perpendiculars for all other marks are obtained. The resulting segments are stacked in ascending order in one straight line, which is projected onto a straight line, equal in length to AB. This gives complete information about the narrow sections of the steps. The found dimensions are transferred to the horizontal projection (to the AB line) and, by connecting the points with the marks on the mid-march line, the full dimensions of all winder steps are obtained.

Other Methods

When using the sweep method and the line lifting method, the horizontal and vertical curvature of the rotary structure is taken into account. In the sweep method, the first step is to determine the boundaries of the steps, after which the drawing is transferred to a vertical projection. Similar to the manipulations performed in the Danish method, the markup is placed so that the resulting segments can be transferred to another plane by drawing perpendicular lines.

Here, too, two projections are needed. The horizontal one is drawn in the same way as the previous methods considered, a line of the middle of the march is also drawn on it. In addition, points are marked corresponding to the beginning and end of winder steps. The line of the middle of the march is divided into segments the width of the steps, usually 200 mm.

The vertical axis of the vertical projection, in turn, is divided into segments equal to the height of the steps. Next, straight steps are selected and, by connecting their edges with lines, the corresponding segments are obtained, with the help of which the intersection with the horizontal projection axis is found. The resulting point is used later to construct circles that are needed to determine the vertical projection of the bowstring line. To find the tops of the steps, use the vertical axis - draw a line perpendicular to it until it intersects with the line of ascent. The projections of the obtained points on the horizontal axis will give the dimensions of the narrow parts of the winder steps. These dimensions are used to find all other winder parameters.

Slope of stairs

An important characteristic of the stairs is its steepness, in other words, the angle of inclination. Not only the ease of use of ladder equipment, but also safety depends on the steepness. The human step, its average value, is the main guideline. In other words, the convenience of moving up the stairs requires that a certain proportion be observed between the height of a person’s rise at each step and the distance at which he moves forward. Normally, the ratio of the height of the ladder structure to the length of its projection on the horizontal axis is in the range from 1:2 to 1:1.75. When expressing these proportions in angular units, it turns out that the slope of the staircase structure should not be more than 30 °.