Everyone knows that by combining 3 primary colors (red, yellow and blue), you can achieve any other color. This theory was developed by Leonardo da Vinci in antiquity. The conclusion from the theory can be drawn such that it is impossible to obtain primary colors by mixing others. But what to do and, for example, how to get red? To resolve the issue, let's approach it from a practical point of view and consider how red is made in a printing house, how artists get it, and what needs to be done for this.

The red color in the printing house is made by mixing other primary colors. The CMYK color model is used here. All the difference in the colors of the model used is made by mixing the desired base colors:

• blue - cyan
• Magenta (violet) - magenta
• yellow
• black

As in other color models, you need to take at least 2 colors, and in our case, red on printed products is made by a combination of 2 process colors: purple (magenta) and yellow. This method is also used to make color engravings. If you get these paints, you can make not only red, but also achieve its shades by adjusting the ratio of yellow and purple (violet). The range of red colors will be from pale purple to rich orange-red.

Mixing yellow and purple makes red

Info: In addition to printing, the CMYK model underlies most printers. It is also used in professional painting of cars, decoration of interiors and facades of buildings, in fabric production.

natural red

In addition to artificially obtaining color, it can easily be made from natural materials. So bedstraw flowers allow you to color objects in bright red. To prepare such a paint, the flowers are dried and boiled with alum for half an hour. Safflower and St. John's wort flowers are also suitable for making red dye by boiling water until thick. Cherry paint, similar in color, is made from orange lichen. You need to finely chop the lichen and mix with baking soda(it is better to use a solution), wait 3-4 minutes and you can use it.

In nature, red color can be found quite often. Therefore, its various shades are sometimes named after their natural hosts: fruits, minerals and berries. Among them you can find such names as: raspberry, pomegranate, cherry, coral, blue, wine, burgundy. All such colors form the red range.

Red shades in painting are made on the basis of pigments of warm and cold shades. Ruby or purple quinacridone should be classified as cold, light cadmium, orange sienna (natural and burnt) as warm.

RGB and CMYK color models

Interaction with other colors

Many people wonder if it is possible to make red from other colors, for example, pink. Our answer is no! If you replace purple with pink and mix with yellow, then you will not see red, there will only be its likeness.

Burgundy from red is obtained by mixing with black. Depending on the types of paints, the ratio can be up to 2:1 (you need 2 parts red and 1 black). By changing the concentration, you can make different shades of burgundy.

Another question, what happens if you mix red and yellow? Answer: get orange.

The most popular question is: “what do we get when we mix red and blue paints?”. To clarify, let's look at the RGB (red, green, blue) color model, where you can clearly see that using blue in combination with red, we get purple.

Conclusion

The base colors for red are yellow and magenta (violet). To do desired color when mixing, it is not necessary to take artificial paints, you can use natural ones. Red is the base color in the RGB model and must be mixed with green and blue to make other colors.

We offer you to watch an interesting video

Brown can be obtained by mixing different colors: since this tone is complex and all primary colors are involved in its creation. Shades of brown - also a huge variety. To obtain them, tones such as yellow, red, blue, white, black are added. You can always easily transform one Tone into another, since the tone is very sensitive to components, and the eye perceives a wide range of them.
With the help of paint, brown shades can be mixed in 4 ways, 3 of which are based on the theory of additional pairs, which implies that when such colors are mixed, a gray tone is obtained, but this effect works if the color carrier is a light wave. For pigment paints, there is a different alignment:

Mixing additional colors, we get brown

: yellow + purple, where the latter is the sum of red and blue. The tone is obtained with a yellow tint.

Pair: red + green, where the second is the sum of yellow and blue.
Shades are closer to red - with medium green - rich red-brown, with emerald - dark chestnut.

Pair: orange + blue, where orange = yellow + red.

In this case, a gray-brown tone is obtained: paired with blue - medium brown with a chocolate sheen; paired with indigo blue - dark brown - dark chocolate.

Getting brown and its shades from primary colors?

If we decompose the colors from which brown is obtained, then we can understand that it is formed only when they converge. Therefore, it is more logical and easier to create it by mixing these three tones together. In addition, it will be much easier to control its shades by changing the amount of one of the components.

How to get medium brown?

Mix three colors to get Brown color- the shortest way to the classic shades of tree bark: red + yellow + indigo blue in the ratio: 1:1:0.5

How to get red-brown?

Red-brown can be created by mixing red, yellow, blue in the ratio: 2:2:0.5.
Like a dark color - indigo needs little to change the tone; yellow, red, on the contrary, you need more, since they are light. For ease of approach, you can always correct the resulting brown color by randomly mixing it with red, yellow, while yellow is needed in order to make the overall tone lighter and more saturated.

How to get dark brown?

To get dark brown in the resulting arbitrary tone, it is worth adding blue (indigo) or black. Since dark brown hides the saturation of the shade, there will not be much difference between the resulting shades.

How to get taupe?

In order to get a taupe - you need any medium tone of brown in which you need to add white. If brown is needed darker: add black to it.

How to get light brown?

To get light brown in an arbitrary color, you need to add white. However, this mixing often results in taupe, as we see in the previous version, so red and yellow are mixed into the resulting light taupe.
As a result, the resulting color is darkened again (due to a darker red), but if we add more white to it, the result will be more attractive (up to beige):

The brightness of the resulting shades can also be enhanced:

So: let's summarize:

How to get shades of brown? Table

Let's combine all the data in a table so that you can visually see the dependence:
Darken brown - with black;
For red-brown - add red;
Yellow-brown (orange-brown) - yellow;
Olive brown - yellow + blue;
Purple-brown - red + blue;
Light brown - white.

The scheme of interaction of shades with brown, wagging on the final tone, will also be interesting.

11.05.2015

How to mix oil paints

Oil painting knows three methods for mixing paints:

• The physical mixing of two or more colors until a new color is obtained, which subsequently falls on the canvas;
• A translucent or fully transparent paint is applied to a dried layer of one paint on canvas to obtain a new color shade;
• Close proximity of brush strokes of different colors for the illusion of creating a new color scheme

Method of physically mixing two or more colors

To create a third color, you can glaze 2 opaque colors with each other using the method. If there is a lighter paint, when mixing it with a dark shade, the following technology must be observed: mixing is permissible only with small strokes of dark over light paint, on the contrary, nothing will work. If you mix transparent paint with opaque paint, the result is a new opaque paint. The mix of two transparent paints results in the formation of a new kind of transparent paint.

It is worth noting the inevitable decrease in color purity and intensity of tones of paints with the method of their physical mixing. This circumstance can explain the weaker orange tint of the paint - the product of mixing red and yellow colors with each other compared to natural orange pigment. Moreover, the following regularity is noted - an increase in the number of paints involved in the physical mixing leads to a more pronounced blur effect.

1) Mixing two cadmiums - red and pale yellow leads to the formation of an orange body color;

2) A mixture of yellow pale cadmium and pink quinacridone causes a similar body orange paint;

3) Transparent orange paint can be obtained by mixing quinacridone (pink) and pigment yellow No. 128.

Paint overlay method

Glazing method

This overlay technique occurs when one transparent oil paint is applied to another. The glazing process of applying transparent red to transparent yellow results in an orange that is very different from the orange that results from the physical mixing of the two colors.

Transparent cadmium yellow served as the basis for glazing with light-resistant pink paint.

In the photo - a picture painted by the glazing method.

Through smear method

A special type of glazing, performed according to general rules surface coating of transparent or translucent paint, but with one difference - uninhibited movements of the brush in the process of applying the top coat. At the same time, the influence of the lower layer on the overall visual image at the end of the application of the surface layer is very large.

Translucent glazing is performed when light-resistant pink paint is applied to cadmium yellow.

Adjoining Color Method

When applying brush strokes very close to each other, two or more colors are combined, which, through optical illusion, are able to create a third color of paint. If you place the human eye at a certain angle and at a given distance from the canvas, the illusion of orange arises due to the self-combination of colors of other paints.

When it comes to expressing the saturation and degree of brightness of a color, the term "upper and lower tonal range" must be used. If shades and shadows are used in painting, it is safe to say about the predominant predominance of the lower tonal range. This picture has a muted colors and the colors are not bright. However, along with this, they can differ in the subtlety of execution and grace. The upper tonal range can be characterized by a bright color gamut with a high degree of color saturation.

Paints that belong to the upper tonal range do not mix with each other, they are applied in pure tones of secondary or primary colors. These colors are light, fresh and very bright. Strengthening the basic qualities of paints of the upper tonal range can be achieved by applying some effects. It can be a contrast of additional colors. Color contrast technology became widespread after the discovery of the theory of light by Chevrel in the 19th century.

How to get 38 out of 7 colors (mixing acrylic paints)

This is a translation lesson from a book by well-known artist Lee Hammond. It will be useful for those who are just starting to learn painting or drawing, and cannot afford to buy the entire palette of colors presented in the store at once.

Mixing acrylic paints (40 shades out of 7).
Based on Russian paints "Ladoga" of the Nevskaya Palitra plant.
7 primary colors with numbers as they are written on the tubes: yellow medium (220), red (331), blue "FC" (500), pink light (2204335), burnt umber (2204408), black (810), titanium white (2204101) .

1. Light colors
Light colors are obtained by mixing primary colors with titanium white.

2. Dark colors
Add some black paint to the main colors:

3. Shades of green:
Obtained by mixing yellow medium paint with black or blue "FC". Asterisks "*" indicate colors that are obtained as a result of mixing - and can be used further to obtain new shades.

4. Violet and magenta hues
We get these shades when we mix red or light pink paint with blue "FC". Adding white will give lavender or purple hues.

5. Orange Shades:
Here we are mixing a red and pink light color with a medium yellow. The two bottom colors are already more complex formulas, so it's probably easier to stock up on ocher paint in advance.

6. Earthy Shades:
All of these colors feature burnt umber. The addition of white makes dark earth tones pastel.

Since the paints are mixed "by eye" - it is rather difficult to specify the proportions to obtain one or another color. Anyway, in the process of painting, you will have to mix the shades, listening to your own feelings “Do I need this color now or a little darker / lighter / greener / redder”, etc. Therefore, if you are not yet strong in mixing colors, we recommend that you spend one evening training in mixing shades, according to the above formulas.

Color mixing table.

How to get new colors when mixing paints.

In painting, the desired color can be obtained different ways. For example, put the paint in its pure form without mixing with others or get the desired color by mixing two or more paints.

Some paints, when mixed, may enter into undesirable chemical interactions. As a result, cracking of the colorful painting layer may occur. The color obtained from mixing may change - turn gray, darken. For example, a mixture of red cinnabar with white lead gives a beautiful pink paint. However, as a result of chemical interaction, after a while the resulting color darkens.

Yellow, red and blue paints cannot be obtained by mixing any paints. At the same time, mixed with each other or mixed with other paints, they give an extremely wide variety of color combinations.

An infinite variety of shades can be obtained by mixing any two colors. Depending on the amount of one paint mixed with another, the newly obtained color will approach either one or the other mixed color. For example, mixing yellow and blue paint in equal amounts, we get green color.

Each time mixing a certain amount of yellow paint with the resulting green color, it will be possible to observe how more and more green tones gradually turn into yellow. Get again Blue colour it is possible if blue paint is gradually added in certain quantities to the green color obtained from mixing yellow and blue paints.

Mixing a chromatic color with another chromatic color that is close to the complementary color on the color wheel does not produce a pure hue, although the resulting color will have a distinct chromatic cast. So, if you mix green with purple or orange, which has a reddish tint, then the color obtained as a result of mixing will approach achromatic.

Thus, the farther the colors are removed from each other along the color wheel, the closer they are to the complementary ones, the less saturated color is obtained as a result of their mixing, i.e. they acquire a gray color. And vice versa, the closer the colors are located to each other in the color wheel, the closer they are in color tones, the purer and richer their mixtures look.

Grey colour obtained by mixing white and black paints in certain proportions. In watercolor, gray is obtained by diluting black paint with water and using a white paper tone. Gray color can take on a relatively cold or warm shade. In the first case, blue or green paints can be mixed with gray in a small amount; in the second - light ocher, natural sienna or umber.

The painter should strive to use the minimum number of colors in order to create the impression of multiple colors. You always need to know which paints can be mixed with each other and which ones are not, in order to exclude low-resistant paints from the set - blackening, fading, etc. To acquire practical skills in obtaining durable paint mixtures and avoiding unwanted mixtures, we recommend that students carefully study the table of unwanted mixtures artistic oil paints and try them out in practice. As you gain experience in painting, this knowledge and skills will be constantly improved.