Women's images
The fates of Cossack women embody the traditional fate of a Russian woman, with her hardships and hardships, but also with an established way of life that the war breaks. The war ruthlessly takes away loved ones, husbands, sons, destroys the house, deprives women of hope for personal happiness, and many of their lives. Grigory once thought: "You can guess the Cossack of all the women." And indeed, taking on her shoulders an unbearable load of work in the field, housework and caring for children, the Cossack woman does not bend under it, but proudly and stately carries it. Like Daria sweeping the dirt floor with Dutch lace.
They are each beautiful in their beauty: Aksinya and Daria - bright, conspicuous, Natalya and Ilyinichna - calm, majestic. In the novel " Quiet Don"The author shows essentially two types of women: the image of a mother, the keeper of the hearth (Ilyinichna and Natalya), and the image of a lively, impetuous one. protesting and frantically seeking happiness "sinner". And they all embody that contradictory combination - external tradition, patriarchy and internal freedom, pride - which is inherent in the Cossacks in general. They all love, crave happiness, but they rise to spiritual heights only in motherhood. The author considers the maternal principle to be the only inspiring element of love. It is no coincidence that Daria and Aksinya's children die.
Two women constantly accompany the protagonist of the epic: Aksinya and Natalya, beloved and wife. Both selflessly love him, because of him they commit decisive acts, but they are in many ways opposite to each other. Therefore, apparently, Gregory needs the love of both of them, he does not want to choose.
Image of Aksinya.
Fate did not spoil Aksinya: her background is terrible, she constantly suffers beatings from Stepan. It is understandable her desire "to love the bitter for the rest of her life" and how fiercely she defends her happiness. Aksinya's fury of love for Gregory is emphasized by the description of "shamelessly greedy, puffy lips", Aksinya is passionate, too lively for the patriarchal foundation of the family. Love is a necessary need for her existence, and at first the animal nature prevails in it: Aksinya, like Daria, needs the constant presence of a man nearby, hence their betrayal. Loving Gregory, Aksinya lives with Stepan, cheats on Melekhov with Listnitsky And more than once. She is forced in her loneliness To beg for Listnitsky's love when Grigory went to Natalya.
However, it is this selfless love for Grishka, for which Aksinya is ready for any trials, that constitutes the meaning of her existence and largely justifies both her selfishness, and cruelty in the struggle for her beloved, and Treason. Gradually, the image of Aksinya clears up, becomes cleaner, more humane, like her love. When she gives birth to a daughter from Gregory, she becomes prettier in a completely different way. There are no more epithets in her description. Greedy. and<порочнаяь, осанка ее становится «уверенно-счастливой». В разлуке с Григорием Аксинья привязывается к его сыну Мишатке, а после смерти Ильиничны заботится о детях Григория, как о своих, и они наЗывают ее матерью. В ее любви к Григорию тоже ПОявл:яется почти материнская нежность,). Готовность Аксиньи пойти за ним куда угодно, ни о чем не спрашивая, ВЫзывает в Григории ласковую усмешку: «Ничто ее не страшит, вот молодец баба!» От жадной страсти любовьАксиньи выросла в высокое жертвенное, почти материнское чувство. Жизнь ее оборвалась, когда она была счастлива, Думая: найдем и мы свою долю, и, казалось, ничто уже не мешало ей быть рядом с любимым.
Image of Natalia.
The image of Natalia is also far from simple, although it embodies the natural morality of a Russian woman, fidelity, virtue, motherhood. Natalya, having become the wife of Gregory, is not spoiled by his love. She takes a lot of suffering from her love, the ambiguity of the situation pushes her to humiliation: Natalya goes to Yagodnoye to ask Aksinya to return her husband to her. The rejection of betrayal, the unwillingness to be unloved and the inability to live without Gregory force Natalya to lay hands on herself. It so happened in the novel that it is the most virtuous heroine who commits the most terrible, mortal sins: an attempt at suicide, a curse that she sends on her husband's head, an abortion that led to her death. Natalia's whole life is in children, this is what she will appreciate
over time, Gregory will be in it, the children will connect him with Natalia firmly and inextricably. The hardest thing for him to go through is that Natalya, before her death, “forgave him everything that she loved him and remembered him until the last minute.”
Life of Ilyinichna.
Ilyinichna's life is also surprising, how short and poor (...) and how much hard and sadness was in it, which I did not want to remember. Her husband beat her, “for a month, all blue as iron, she walked, but she survived, and fed the children, and never once began to leave the house. Moreover, Ilyinichna retained a kind, outgoing heart, the ability to forgive even the enemy, who became for her Mishka Koshevoy, who killed her eldest son. Once upon a time she was stately, young and beautiful. And now, endlessly working around the house, he saves the “burly flock) and “swims like a goose”. She has a Cossack character, despite her subordination to her husband. She expresses her dissatisfaction with Aksinya for her relationship with Grigory, and then for “luring Mishatka. Forces Natalia to ask God for forgiveness for praying for her husband's death. For a long time he cannot agree with Dunyashka's marriage and accept his son-in-law.
However, at the end of her life, trials and losses softened “the wise and courageous old woman, e. The pages that speak of the last days of Ilyinichna are imbued with deep lyricism. Pity for Mishka Koshevoy conquers hatred, “that aching maternal pity that conquers strong women as well,” makes her move a plate of milk to Mishka, and then even give Grigory’s shirt. Her last days were warmed by the thought of the youngest, only Ilyinichna was waiting for him, everything else lost its meaning for her. Without waiting for Grigory, she dies, and Aksinya 4With difficulty recognized in the prettier and stern face of the dead little old woman the appearance of the former proud and courageous Ilyinichna.
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The characteristic of the literary hero Ilyinichna is the mother of Grigory Melekhov, a Don Cossack. Embodies the national image of a Russian woman. Despite her age, she retained her “portly frame”, a stately gait - “floats like a goose” around the yard and house.
I. - the keeper of the hearth, the successor of the Cossack family, "a wise and courageous old woman." I. confesses to Natalya that she has suffered a lot from her husband. And he cheated on her, and beat her almost to death. But I. endured everything for the sake of duty: family and children.
I. is a very strong woman. Upon learning of her husband's death, this "hard old woman" did not "shed a tear", but only withdrew into herself.
She is a great toiler, a “busy woman,” who spends her time at work from morning to evening. The meaning of her life is to work for the sake of her family.
The main advantage of a Russian woman, according to Sholokhov, lies in the great feeling of motherhood. I. waited until her last day for Gregory, prepared food for him in case of arrival, went out to meet him outside the village: “- Grishenka, my dear! she paused, and in a different, low and muffled voice she said: “My little blood!” ”
It is the maternal feeling that makes I. wiser and smarter than those who fight. She understands that both "whites" and "reds" are people, someone's favorite sons, who should please their mothers, and not shoot at each other. Therefore, I. condemns cruelty and violence: “You are God ... God, son, do not forget! she says to Gregory. - We used the rumor that you chopped some sailors ... Lord! Yes, you, Grishenka, come to your senses! You have to get out, looking at what children are growing up, and the entihs ruined by you probably also have children left ... ”I., hating the killer of his eldest son Mishka Koshevoy, and feels maternal pity for him: sends sackcloth, darns clothes, feeds.
Essay on literature on the topic: Ilyinichna (Quiet Don Sholokhov)
Other writings:
- Aksinya Characteristics of the literary hero Aksinya is a Cossack woman, wife of Stepan Astakhov, beloved of Grigory Melekhov. Aksinya is the embodiment of impulse, passion, instincts. The heroine got a difficult fate. At 16, she was raped by her father. The unloved Stepan Astakhov took A. as his wife and constantly reproached his wife Read More ......
- Daria Characteristics of a literary hero Daria Melekhova is the wife of Pyotr Melekhov, Grigory's older brother. A lazy and cynical woman, she is, at the same time, very charming. D. always gets from Ilyinichna for laziness and slovenliness. But the heroine never loses heart, skipping Read More ......
- Quiet Don At the end of the penultimate Turkish campaign, the Cossack Prokofy Melekhov brought home, to the village of Veshenskaya, a captive Turkish woman. From their marriage a son was born, named Panteley, as swarthy and black-eyed as his mother. Subsequently, Pantelei Prokofievich took up the arrangement of the economy and Read More ......
- Old Cossacks Characteristics of the literary hero Ponteley Prokofievich Melekhov - the father of Grigory Melekhov. A native Cossack, he cannot imagine his life away from peasant labor, his native Donshchina. P.P. devotedly loves his family and children. He is childishly proud of the achievements of Gregory, the commander of the rebels, Read More ......
- Listnitsky Description of the literary hero Yevgeny Listnitsky is a nobleman who has an estate near the village of Tatarskaya. He went through the entire First World War, during the revolution he sided with the whites. It was in his estate that Grigory and Aksinya worked before the war. L. liked Aksinya, Read More ......
- Grigory Melekhov Characteristics of the literary hero Grigory Melekhov is a Don Cossack, a resident of the village of Tatarskaya. At the beginning of the novel, G. is shown in a peaceful peasant life: “His feet confidently trampled the ground.” Young G. is full of strength and lust for life. He starts an affair with a married Aksinya, Read More ......
- “Oh, you, Nala father, quiet Don!” - this is how the Don Cossacks refer to the great river in their songs. Although the Cossacks scattered the farm from the Dnieper and Terek to Yaik and Amur during their centuries-old history (the “Cossacks” are mentioned in the annals since 1549), Read More ......
- The novel by M. A. Sholokhov “The Quiet Don” entered the history of Russian literature as a bright, significant work that reveals the tragedy of the Don Cossacks during the years of the revolution and civil war. The epic contains a whole decade - from 1912 to 1922. It is not only Read More ......
Sholokhov's epic is war, death, treason, revolution, power. A lot of feminine words are the basis of the plot. Some female images in the novel "Quiet Flows the Don" are the main ones. On the example of their fate, one can understand the problems that the author wants to convey to the reader. Other characters are secondary. But without them, one cannot understand the nature of the Don Cossacks, the heterogeneity and diversity of the Russian woman.
Images of women, who are the main characters of the novel, can be found at the links below:
Elizaveta Mokhova
The daughter of the merchant Sergei Mokhov, Lizaveta, is a hazel-eyed girl. The impression of the girl can not be called the same. For some, she is "diabolically good", a prominent, not bad-looking girl. For others, it causes an unfavorable impression: unpleasant eyes, a wet palm. The merchant graduated from high school. Her stepmother is engaged in her upbringing, her nervous disposition had its effect. Lisa moves among the cook, who is not distinguished by her good manners and modesty. Debauchery changes the whole life of a spoiled young lady. The author compares it with a wild wolfberry bush, free and dangerous.
Lisa, relying on herself, went fishing with Mitka Korshunov. He raped the girl, rumors quickly spread through the village. The guy wanted to take Lizaveta as his wife, but the father sends his daughter to study. The first sexual experience did not make the girl modest, on the contrary, by the age of 21 she became “spoiled”, decomposed morally special. Liza lives with a venereologist. The reader can fantasize about such a connection. The girl changes her partner, she herself invites the Cossack Timothy to live together. Such behavior for the described century is a rarity. Relationships do not last long, the girl easily changes partners. The girl treats her father like a consumer, she needs money, gifts. There is no affection and sincerity of the daughter in the character.
What features are characteristic of Lizaveta:
- eccentricity: slander, rudeness, spoiledness;
- pride: proud of his body, forms, does not take anyone's opinion as a standard, except his own;
- passion: "not a woman, but fire";
- an experienced woman in matters of love.
The image of Lizaveta is an example of lordly upbringing, loss of connection with the roots, debauchery and emptiness. But it should be understood that the absence of such women is an embellishment of the realities of life.
The image of Grigory's mother (Vasilisa Ilyinichna)
Vasilisa Ilyinichna is the mother of Grigory, Petro and Dunyasha. Children are different in character, but they all have one thing in common: they love their family and their roots. A mother's kind heart conquers. The pages where Ilyinichna dies cannot be read without tears. In her is the core of female strength, pride and becoming, therefore, in the face of a dead old woman, the appearance of a young strong and courageous mother appears. The woman returns kindness for kindness, forgives Mishka Koshevoy, who killed her son. Makes Natalya beg for forgiveness from God for wrong actions. Wisdom, femininity, diligence are the main character traits of Ilyinichna. The death of children is hard for a mother. She does not believe the funeral for Gregory, mournfully mourns Peter. The mother accepts her daughter-in-law and supports her in difficult times like a daughter. A woman does not accept war, for her cruelty, violence and fratricide are far and incomprehensible. Having survived the beatings of her husband (“blue as iron”), she managed to maintain a good attitude towards him, never once came to the idea of leaving home. The Cossack character is seen in the behavior of the mistress of the family: to become, pride, mind.
Anna Pogudka
Bolshevik woman Anna Pogudka helps to penetrate the complex fate of the revolutionaries. A healthy, physically strong girl looks ridiculous in soldier's clothes: a wadded car, big boots, a scarf. The form spoils the appearance of the girl, hides feminine charms. The author kindly describes the appearance, but it cannot be compared with other female characters. Here is a mixture of male characteristics with female:
- shuffling soles;
- tight fullness;
- wide strand of hair;
- pink nostrils.
In appearance, hair is constantly knocked out, they do not keep in a knot, do not fit under a scarf. Cute features attracted Bunchuk. He loved her freckles, the thoughtful crease on her forehead. By nationality, the girl is Jewish. The family lives modestly, almost in poverty. The girl graduated from the gymnasium, worked at the factory to help her relatives financially, gave lessons. She prides herself on being able to earn her living. A valuable worker is engaged in Bolshevik agitation. The pages where Anna becomes a machine gunner evoke different feelings. On the one hand, she wants to become one herself. So he understands that he wants to learn how to kill. On the other hand, he is afraid to shoot. The girl studies the machine gun thoroughly, as a technique. The lines of her participation in the attack are also striking. Strict and clear phrases of the writer:
"The whistle of bullets, Anna's miserable hare cry."
The heroine dies in the arms of her beloved (the main character also dies in her arms), but here the writer has other feelings. Bunchuk saw death in the eyes of his beloved, her image firmly settled in his soul and grew dim with time.
Olga Gorchakova
The woman who became Listnitsky's wife and the cause of his death is Olga Gorchakova. A tall woman with golden hair, with a fine figure. The age of the heroine is over 30. There are many contradictions in her appearance: hot lips - rosy cheeks, low voice - cut off small teeth. She seemed to Eugene a real beauty. He asks Aksinya to leave the estate when he brings his wife there. Olga causes a heavy carnal attraction of the master. The author does not talk about Olga's feelings at all. By her actions, she resembles Elizaveta Mokhova. Left a widow, she quickly finds solace in Listnitsky. Then he contacts General Pokrovsky. It is clear that this is not the last man in her life, but the reader is grateful to her for interfering in the fate of Eugene: unable to withstand betrayal, he shot himself. This retribution for sin and his debauchery.
Cossack Vasilisa Ilyinichna is one of the heroines of the epic novel, the mother of the brothers Pera and Grigory Melekhov, the wife of Panteley Melekhov. The image of Ilyinichna is collective, personifying a simple Russian woman, the keeper of the hearth, a faithful wife, a loving mother.
The appearance of the heroine. This is an elderly woman, with a stately gait, despite the fact that she has worked tirelessly all her life, her hands are strained, rough.
Ilyichna is a hereditary Cossack. The life of the stanitsa was not easy - along with household chores, military service to protect the borders of the country, so women helped their husbands with the housework, raising children fell on their shoulders, if necessary, they stood on the same line with men to protect the village. These women of a special "Cossack temper" harmoniously combined decisiveness and femininity, independence and humility, unshakable devotion to the family way of life and selfless love for the motherland.
Meek Ilyinichna calmly and judiciously manages the household, patiently treats her quick-tempered husband, who cheated on her and beat her mercilessly in her youth, anxiously takes care of restless children and numerous grandchildren. She is the guardian of her family hearth - this is the meaning of her existence.
The main virtue of this woman is maternal feeling, love for children is sincere and selfless: she affectionately takes care of them, magnifies: my blood. The wisdom of a mother opposes violence, she is disgusted by the civil fratricidal war, the senseless cruelty of the warring, because every soldier is someone's son. She scolds Gregory, who is killing enemy soldiers, calls to come to his senses and stop. The woman's mercy is truly limitless - she accepts Mishka Koshevoy as a son-in-law, generously forgiving the murder of her own son Peter.
In a feminine way, she understands and supports her daughter-in-law Natalya, who suffered from her son Grigory and almost killed herself, condemns her son for heartlessness and cruelty to his unloved wife, and adventures with Aksinya, but still does not lose hope to see him.
The tragedy of the fate of the heroine lies in the loss of relatives, the expectation of Grisha's son from the front was painful, they did not see each other again.
The author, with special penetration and warmth, presented the reader with the image of the mother of the central character Grigory Melekhov. The harsh life did not spoil her pure soul, she could always give good advice to her daughters-in-law and daughter.
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Introduction
The Melekhov family in the novel "The Quiet Flows the Don" by Sholokhov is in the center of the reader's attention from the first lines. The last pages of the work are dedicated to her. The story opens with a story about the tragic fate of Prokofy Melekhov and his Turkish wife, slandered by her fellow villagers. The novel ends with the picture of the return home of Grigory Melekhov, who buried Aksinya.
Characteristics of the Melekhovs
The Melekhovs initially stand out among other residents of the Tatarsky farm. Prokofy, who wore a beard and Russian clothes, was "a stranger, unlike a Cossack." His son Pantelei is also growing "darkly swarthy" and "troubled". The neighbors of the Melekhovs called them "Turks" for their hooked nose and "wild" beauty.
The Melekhovs' house looked "smug and prosperous", thanks to the efforts of Pantelei Prokofievich. The elder Melekhov, his wife, two sons with their wives, a daughter, and then grandchildren - these are the inhabitants of the Melekhov house.
But, the peaceful life of the farm is violated first by the World War, and then by the Civil War. The usual Cossack way of life is being destroyed, families are falling apart. The trouble does not bypass the Melekhovs either. Pantelei Prokofievich and both of his sons find themselves caught in a maelstrom of terrible events. The fate of other members of the once strong family is tragic.
The older generation of the Melekhovs
The characterization of the Melekhovs in the novel will be incomplete if you do not turn to the image of each family member.
Pantelei Prokofievich, the head of the Melekhov family, was born prematurely. But he survived, got on his feet, got a family and a household. He was “dry in bones, chrome ..., wore a silver crescent-shaped earring in his left ear, until old age his black beard and hair did not fade on him.”
Senior Melekhov is a quick-tempered and domineering nature. He beats Gregory with a crutch for disobedience, "teaches" the reins to the spree Daria, often "brings" to his wife. Having learned about the connection of the youngest son with Aksinya, he marries him with his power to Natalya Korshunova, regardless of the desires of the groom himself.
On the other hand, Pantelei Prokofievich sincerely loves his family, worries about their fate. So, he returns Natalia, who has gone to her parents, to her family, treats her with emphatic attention. Brings uniforms to Grigory in Yagodnoe, although he left with Aksinya from his home. He is proud of his sons who have received the rank of officer. Only worries about the death of his sons could break the strong old man, for whom the family was the meaning of life.
Vasilisa Ilyinichna, the wife of the elder Melekhov, keeps the hearth in her own way. She treats the whole family with extraordinary warmth and understanding. Ilyinichna infinitely loves her children, often protecting them from the wrath of her unrestrained husband. The death of Peter, who was killed near the house, becomes a huge tragedy for her. Only the expectation of Gregory gives her the strength to live after the loss of almost all her relatives. Vasilisa Ilyinichna Natalya accepts as her own daughter. Supports her, realizing how hard life is for a daughter-in-law, an unloved husband. He hides Daria's illness from Panteley Prokofievich so that he does not drive her out of the yard. She even finds the strength to get close to Aksinya, with whom they are waiting together from the front of Gregory, and to accept Mishka Koshevoy, the murderer of her son and matchmaker, as her son-in-law.
Gregory and Peter
Pyotr Melekhov is the eldest son of Panteley Prkofievich and Vasilisa Ilyinichna. Outwardly, he was very similar to his mother "small, snub-nosed, in a lush, wheat-colored hair, brown-eyed." He also inherited a gentle nature from his mother. He sincerely loves his family, especially his brother, supports him in everything. At the same time, Peter is ready, without hesitation, to stand up for justice. So, together with Grigory, he rushes to save Aksinya from her husband who is beating her, stands up for fellow villagers at the mill.
But during the war, completely different sides of Peter's personality suddenly appear. Unlike Gregory, Peter quickly adapts, does not think at all about someone else's life. "The war made me happy, because it opened up extraordinary prospects." Peter “quickly and smoothly” rises to the rank, and then, to the delight of his father, sends home whole carts of the loot. But, the war, on which the hero places such hopes, leads him to death. Peter dies at the hands of Koshevoy, humbly asking for mercy from former fellow villagers.
Grigory Melekhov is the complete opposite of his older brother. His appearance is reminiscent of his father. He has "a drooping vulture nose, blue tonsils of hot eyes in slightly slanting slits, sharp slabs of cheekbones covered with brown ruddy skin." Gregory went to his father and an explosive character. Unlike his brother, Gregory cannot accept violence. An innate sense of justice makes the hero rush between whites and reds. Seeing that all talk of a bright future ends in bloodshed, Gregory cannot take any side. Devastated, he tries to leave with Aksinya for the Kuban to find peace. But fate deprives him of his beloved and hope for happiness.
Dunyasha, Natalia and Daria
Dunyasha Melekhova, like Grigory, took after her father not only in appearance, but also in character. Her father's firmness is especially evident in her when she decides to marry Mikhail Koshevoy, her brother's murderer. On the other hand, Dunyasha is characterized by tenderness and warmth. It is they who encourage the girl to take the children of Gregory to her, to replace their mother. Dunyasha, and even the son of Mishatok, are the only close people who remained with Grigory, who returned to his native farm.
Natalya, Grigory's wife, is one of the most striking female characters in the novel. A wonderful beauty, she was created in order to love and be loved. But, having married Gregory, the girl does not find family happiness. The husband could not love her, and Natalia is doomed to suffering. Only the love and sympathy of the older Melekhovs give her strength. And then she finds solace in children. All her life fighting for her husband, proud Natalya, however, cannot forgive him for the last betrayal and gets rid of the last child at the cost of her own life.
Daria, Peter's wife, is not at all like Natalya. “With laziness, a spoiled woman ... blushes, and blackens her eyebrows,” says Pantelei Prokofievich about her. Daria goes through life easily, without thinking too much about morality. Emotional experiences left their mark on all members of the Melekhov family, but not on Daria. After mourning her husband, she quickly recovered and blossomed again "flexible, beautiful and approachable". Daria's life ends dramatically. She becomes infected with syphilis and decides to take her own life by drowning herself in the Don.
Conclusion
If there is a war around, the power changes, no one can stay away. In the novel "Quiet Flows the Don", the Melekhov family is a vivid example of this. Almost no one survives to the end of the work. Only Gregory remains, his little son and sister, who married an enemy.
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