The sound Ch belongs to the hissing group, so children usually master its articulation by the age of 3-4. Its articulation is somewhat different from Sh, Zh, therefore, specific exercises are used for correction. Distortion H can appear with various speech disorders. It is necessary to engage in its production after the child has formed the correct pronunciation of Sh, which is the base for the hissing group.
Pronunciation is normal
The sound Ch occupies a special place among the hissing - because of the peculiarities of its articulation. It is obtained by combining T and Sh. When a person pronounces Ch, his lips are slightly rounded, pushed forward. The dentition is closed, a small gap is formed between them.
To pronounce this sound correctly, the tongue is made wide. Raise it and with the tip touch the hard palate closer to the teeth. The middle part of the back is lowered, the sides touch the upper teeth, thus, a recess is obtained. The exhalation must be strong, jerky, to pass through the gap created by the alveoli and the front of the tongue.
Types and mechanisms of violations
The incorrect pronunciation of hissing is called sigmatism in modern speech therapy, and their replacement with other sounds is called parasigmatism. There are several options for the distortion of H, which differ in the work of the organs of articulation at the time of pronunciation. This sound is formed by merging T and Sh, so any deviation from their correct articulation can cause distortion of the H. Types of defect:
- Lack of sound - the child does not use any simplified analogue of this phoneme.
- Interdental distortion - the tongue is between the teeth, the result is a fuzzy lisping sound of Ch.
- The toothed version is obtained due to the fact that the front of the tongue is too tense, and the air comes out not in one long jerky jet, but in several shocks. A soft variant of T is heard.
- The labial-tooth pronunciation manifests itself in the form that F is heard instead of Ch. Such sigmatism is obtained due to the lower position of the tongue with raised lateral edges, the rise of the lower lip to the upper dentition.
- Lateral sigmatism occurs due to the weakness of the muscles of the tongue, as a result, air passes from the side, a “squishing” sound is obtained.
- The hissing pronunciation is due to the increased tone of the tongue, which is why it is raised, and its tip is lowered. It turns out a soft analogue of Sh.
- Nasal pronunciation is obtained due to the lower position of the front and the raised back of the tongue. The air jet exits through the nose - it turns out X with a nasal sound.
Also, Ch is often replaced with whistling or T. The reason for this can be both incorrect articulation and underdevelopment of phonetic-phonemic processes.
Articulation exercises
Before proceeding with the formulation of H, the speech therapist conducts a preparatory stage. Special articulation and breathing exercises are added to the classes:
- The purpose of this exercise is to form a rise in the front of the tongue, and it also helps to strengthen his muscles. The mouth must be opened, the tongue should be made wide. A small candy is placed on its tip. Next, they ask to stick it to the sky, hold for a few seconds. In the exercise, only the tongue is involved, the lower jaw does not need to be raised.
- The starting position is a wide open mouth, while the corners are stretched in a smile, the front of the tongue is behind the upper teeth. The child is asked to forcefully blow on the tip of the tongue so that the exhalation is jerky. Thanks to this exhalation, the tip bounces. You should get an analogue of the sound t as in English word"that". Gradually, a voice is added to the articulation and lips are rounded. For the exercise to work correctly, the tip of the tongue should rest against the alveoli, and not the upper teeth.
Also, the complex can include tasks for the formation of the correct articulation of Ш and for the formation of a strong exhalation. At the preparatory stage, a clear pronunciation of T, Sh is worked out.
If a child has a distortion of these phonemes, then they are first corrected, and then they begin to set Ch.
Ch setting options
If the pronunciation T, Sh is formed in the child's speech, then the phoneme is easy to put by imitation. There are also two popular ways of setting from a soft T variant and a combination of these two sounds:
- Pronounce T-T-T-T at a fast pace. The tip of the tongue should touch the base of the upper teeth. Then slowly take it a little deeper, the child should smile. When performed correctly, a clear pronunciation of Ch appears in speech.
- Similar to this method. But only if in the previous version there was immediately an accelerated pace, then here the combination TH-SHB begins to be spoken at a slow pace, gradually speeding it up. The lips assume a smile position.
H can be adjusted with mechanical assistance. For example, with interdental distortion. When the child pronounces Ch, lift the tip of the tongue with the handle of a spoon. First, to the alveoli, until a bow is formed, then gently pushing it deep into oral cavity. All this is done in one breath.
To fix the correct pronunciation of Ch, you first need to isolate, then in syllables. But you can proceed to the automation stage only when the child clearly pronounces the desired phoneme.
Parasigma correction
Parasigmatisms arise as a result of incorrect articulation and underdevelopment of phonetic and phonemic processes, namely, phonemic hearing. Therefore, in addition to articulation gymnastics, in preparatory work add tasks for the development of phonemic hearing:
- With a whistling version of the defect (when the child replaces H with S), training is carried out to distinguish between mixed sounds. The speech therapist explains and shows their articulation, emphasizing their difference. There are also tasks for distinguishing between H and S by ear. The speech therapist suggests comparing the exhaled stream: when pronouncing C, it is cold, H is warm. In articulation exercises, the emphasis is on the formation of a rise in the tongue and a strong jerky air jet.
- With the labio-dental variant, a similar work is carried out, but only by distinguishing between H and F. The speech therapist also massages the lips, focuses on them in articulatory gymnastics, as well as on raising the tongue.
With nasal pronunciation, the emphasis in the work is on the formation of adequate speech breathing. The child is taught to distinguish between oral and nasal expiration. In articulation exercises, tasks are selected to form a rise in the tip of the tongue and hold it behind the upper teeth, and they also learn to direct an air stream at it.
The difference in sound correction between children and adults
There are no differences in the setting of phonemes in children and adults. The difference lies in the way information is presented. If, when working with preschoolers, you need to use visual material and supplement articulation gymnastics with poems, nursery rhymes, then speech therapy classes with adults are built according to the type of conversation.
Also, in adults, the preparatory stage may take longer. This is due to the fact that the incorrect pronunciation of them was fixed for a long time. But in adults it is easier to develop the skill of self-control over speech. Nevertheless, regardless of age, the success of classes depends on the correctness of the selected methods and compliance with all recommendations.
Pronouncing the sound "CH" often causes difficulties for children. To teach a child to pronounce it, you need to go through several stages.
Preparatory work
Work on any sound should start with. This will allow you to warm up and get ready for work. For warm-up, you can choose any game technique. Let's consider just a few options.
1. "Swing": this exercise helps to strengthen the muscles of the tongue and teach the child to control the tip of the tongue.
Mouth open, lips in a smile. The child alternately touches the upper and lower teeth with his tongue, then the upper and lower teeth, the place behind the upper and lower teeth.
2. "The tongue walks through the teeth"
Mouth open, lips in a smile. The child touches the outer and inner surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the tongue.
In addition, you can ask the child to clap his hands when he hears the sound "Ch". Then you should first pronounce just different sounds, then syllables and words. This technique will allow you to assess how well the baby recognizes the desired sound. If the child has better developed visual thinking, instead of words, offer him pictures, in the name of which there is “H”.
Setting the sound "Ch"
The sound "Ch" consists of the sounds "U" and "TH". This means that a child who correctly pronounces the last two sounds will easily cope with the pronunciation of "Ch". There are two ways to set this sound.
1. The child must very quickly pronounce the combination of the sounds “TH” and “SH”. It is very important that the lips were in a wide smile.
2. The child pronounces the sound “TH” very quickly, repeating it. First, the tongue should touch the base of the teeth with inside, then you should gradually move it a little deeper, to the alveoli.
If you can’t teach how to pronounce “H”, you can contact a speech therapist who will put the sound using a special probe.
To make sure that the sound is set, you should check how the child pronounces it in isolation. For this, game techniques are also used: the baby can be asked to imitate the clock with the sound "H" or to calm someone down ("H-W-H"). If everything is in order, you can proceed to automation.
Automation of the sound "Ch"
Automation should be carried out taking into account the age of the child. With a baby, it is best to use pictures or toys, with older children they are perfect. It’s worth starting with the pronunciation of syllables, and then gradually move on to words and sentences. In this case, it is necessary to select such material so that the sound “Ch” appears in different positions. In any case, automation should take place in a playful way. Games can be used in a variety of ways.
1. "Songs with your favorite character." It is necessary to choose any fairy-tale or cartoon character that is interesting to the child, write syllables containing the letter "H" on the cards. Then you need to offer the following task: “Your favorite hero decided to help you learn how to pronounce“ H ”and prepared songs for you from syllables. Sing along with him! Cha-cha-cha; Cho-cho-cho; Choo-choo-choo; Chi-chi-chi." It is very important that the child in the syllable pronounce the sound “Ch” correctly, only in this case it is possible to move on to the next syllable.
2. "Echo". The child must repeat several words spoken by an adult in the same order, emphasizing the sound "Ch".
3. "Offer". For this exercise, you can write a few words with the letter “H” on paper or use pictures. The task of the child is to make a sentence with each of them.
4. "Cubs". It should be proposed to name the cubs of various animals and birds (squirrels, hares, jackdaws, wolves), highlighting the sound "Ch".
5. "Confusion." The child is offered sets of letters from one word in a mixed order. His task is to collect the word and pronounce it.
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Tasks: Staging the missing sound "Ch".
Lesson objectives:
- Fix articulation and isolated pronunciation of the sound "Ch".
- Strengthen the muscles of the tongue by performing articulation exercises.
- Fixing the correct pronunciation of the sound [H].
- Formation of the ability to highlight a given sound against the background of sounds, syllables and words.
- Development of fine motor skills;
- Development of logical thinking;
- Development of visual attention and memory.
Equipment: Turtle toy, pictures.
Organizing time:
The speech therapist makes a riddle about the Turtle:
My house, everywhere with me.
It is placed behind the back.
I'm friends with frogs
I walk very slowly.
Not a bug at all
Who am I ... (turtle)
Display of a toy turtle.
Speech therapist:
Let's do tongue exercises with the turtle.
Articulation gymnastics:
1. "Shovel".
Purpose: To develop skills to make the tongue wide and calmly hold it in a relaxed state.
Lips in a smile. The mouth is open. Put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and hold it in this position for a count of 1 to 5 - 10. Pay special attention that the lips are not tense, do not stretch into a wide smile, so that the lower lip does not tuck in and does not stretch over the lower teeth . The tongue does not protrude far: it should only cover the lower lip. The lateral edges of the tongue should touch the corners of the mouth.
2. "Pie".
Purpose: Strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop the ability to raise the lateral edges of the tongue.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. The tongue is out. The lateral edges of the shovel-shaped tongue rise up, a depression forms along the middle longitudinal line of the tongue. Hold the tongue in this position under the count from 1 to 5-10. Make sure that the lips do not help the tongue, remain motionless.
3. "Swing".
Purpose: To strengthen the muscles of the tongue. To develop the mobility and flexibility of the tip of the tongue, the ability to control it.
a) a wide tongue rises to the nose and falls to the chin;
b) a wide tongue rises to the upper lip, then descends to the lower lip;
c) with a wide tip of the tongue, touch the tubercles (alveoli) behind the lower incisors, then behind the upper ones;
4. "The tongue steps over the teeth."
Goal: Strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop the flexibility and accuracy of the movements of the tip of the tongue, the ability to control it.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. Language movements:
a) with a wide tongue, touch the upper teeth from the outside, then from the inside;
b) with a wide tongue, touch the lower teeth from the outside, then from the inside.
When performing exercises, make sure that the tongue does not narrow, the lower jaw and lips are motionless.
5. "Malyar".
Purpose: To develop the upward movement of the tongue, its mobility, the ability to control it.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. With a wide tip of the tongue, stroke the palate, making movements of the tongue back and forth (from the teeth to the throat and back). Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, reaches the inner surface of the upper incisors and does not protrude from the mouth, the lips do not stretch over the teeth, the lower jaw does not move.
6. "Fungus".
Purpose: Strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop upward movement of the tongue, stretch the hyoid frenulum.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. Press the wide tongue with the entire plane against the palate (the tongue sticks) and hold in this position under the count from 1 to 5-10. The tongue will resemble a thin cap of a fungus, and the stretched hyoid frenulum will resemble its leg. Make sure that the lateral edges of the tongue are equally tightly pressed against the palate (no half should sag), so that the lips do not stretch over the teeth. When repeating the exercise, the mouth should be opened wider.
7. "Accordion".
Purpose: Strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop the ability to hold the tongue in a vertical position, stretch the hyoid frenulum.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. Press the wide tongue against the palate (the tongue sticks) and, without lowering the tongue, open and close the mouth. When repeating the exercise, you should try to open your mouth wider and longer in this position. Make sure that when opening the mouth, the lips are in a smile and remain motionless, and the tongue does not sag.
8. "Delicious jam"
Purpose: To strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop the mobility of the tongue, develop a rise in the wide front of the tongue.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. Lick the upper lip with the wide front edge of the tongue, moving the tongue from top to bottom, then pull the tongue into the mouth, towards the center of the palate. Make sure that the tongue does not narrow, when retracting, its lateral edges slide over the molars, and the tip of the tongue is raised. The lips do not stretch over the teeth, the lower jaw does not “plant the tongue up - it must be motionless.
9. "Cup".
Purpose: To strengthen the muscles of the tongue, develop a rise in the lateral edges and the tip of the tongue, the ability to hold the tongue in this position.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. The tongue is out. The lateral edges and the tip of the tongue are raised, the middle part of the back of the tongue is pubescent, bends down. In this position, keep the tongue counting from 1 to 5-10. Make sure that the lips do not stretch over the teeth, the lower jaw is motionless.
10. "Focus".
Purpose: to develop the ability to hold the lateral edges and the tip of the tongue in a raised state, to teach to direct the air stream in the middle of the tongue.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. The tongue is out. The lateral edges and the tip of the tongue are raised, the middle part of the back of the tongue bends down. Holding the tongue in this position, blow off the cotton from the tip of the nose. Make sure that the lower jaw is motionless, the lips do not stretch over the teeth, the fleece flies straight up.
11. Sleigh.
Purpose: to develop the mobility of the tongue, the ability to hold the tongue in the upper position with raised lateral edges.
The mouth is open. Lips in a smile. The lateral edges of the tongue are tightly pressed against the upper molars, the back bends down, the tip is free. moving the tongue back and forth, the lateral edges of the tongue slide over the molars. Make sure that the lower jaw does not move, the lips do not stretch over the teeth.
12. "Fence" - "Speaker" - "Tube".
Purpose: to strengthen the circular muscle of the mouth, to develop the ability to quickly change the position of the lips.
The teeth are closed. The lips imitate the pronunciation of sounds and-o-u.
Course progress.
1. Game: "Catch the sound H."
Clap your hands if you hear the sound C.
- P, W, H, C, L, H.
- PA, BUT, CHE, SA, SHA, CHO.
- TEA, SLEEP, WATCH, SORREL, JUICE, HAT, BALL.
2. Game reception of setting the sound "Ch". (Staging by imitation).
Speech therapist:
- Turtles crawl very slowly, they are peaceful and calm.
- Turtles love silence.
When loud, you can do this:
Speech therapist brings forefinger to his lips and says: Ch-ch-ch-ch-ch ...
The speech therapist clarifies the articulation of the sound "h":
When pronouncing the sound "h"
The lips are rounded and slightly pushed forward.
The teeth are close.
The wide tip of the tongue is raised to the front of the hard palate, the lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars.
The air jet passes with force through a narrow gap between the alveoli and the anterior part of the tongue.
- The child repeats after the speech therapist: H-W-W-H ...
3. Finger gymnastics: "Turtle".
- "How much dust, how much rubbish -
“I won’t get to the door soon,”
- and sighs heavily
- Our turtle.
We move the fingers slowly, as if they were the legs of a turtle.
4. Game: "Find the picture."
The child must select those pictures in the name of which there is the sound "Ch".
Pictures: suitcase, watch, glasses, barrel, bee, swing, ball, key, hat, pike, box, heron, slippers, tank.
Summary of the lesson:
What sound did you learn to pronounce? (Sound "h").
Well done!
If, for some reason, the sound by imitation does not work, then you can use the mechanical method of setting the sound “Ch”. With the help of probe No. 5. The child is asked to pronounce a syllable, with probe No. 5 we lift and move the tongue back, then we round the lips.
Normal setting when pronouncing the sound “Ch”.
The sound “Ch”, just like the sound “Ts” (T + C), is difficult to pronounce and consists of two sounds (T + W).
1. The tip of the tongue is raised to the front of the palate (to the alveoli). The lateral edges of the tongue are pressed against the upper molars. When exhaling, the tip of the tongue rebounds sharply from the palate, and the tense edges of the tongue relax.
2. The lips are slightly pushed forward and rounded.
3. Teeth are close together or closed.
4. The air is exhaled with a push and passes in the middle of the tongue; on the palm, raised to the mouth, a warm stream of air is felt.
5. The sound “Ch” is deaf and soft. PREPARATORY EXERCISES.
Initially, it is necessary to test the possibility of setting the sound by ear, by imitation. The teacher pronounces the sound, syllables, words, and the child repeats. If the sound by imitation does not work out, it is necessary to proceed to the implementation of a set of exercises that are already familiar to us in staging the sound “Sch”. And then pronounce the soft sound “Th” and immediately add the sound “Sch”: t + u, tsch, tsch, tsch ... = h, h, h ...
PRONUNCIATION OF THE SOUND "CH" IN REVERSE SYLLABLES
Pronounce syllables.
Sample: a-h, o-h, y-h, s-h, i-h, e-h, u-h, i-h, e-h.
Ah - och - uch ych - yach - ech
yuch - ich - ech ach - ech - cell
och - uch - uch uch - och - ich
ych - ech - ach ech - ych - och
ich - uch - och ich - cell - uch
Pronounce the words.
1. With an emphasis on the syllable.
Sample: me - h, ko - h-ka, with-you - h-ka.
Ah
Doctor, rook, crying, rich man, kalach, trumpeter, pitching, laundress, good luck, problem book.
och
daughter, night, barrel, daughter, bump, night, kidney, durable, kvochka, milky, locks.
uch, uch
beam, powerful, lucky, bunch, Bug, pen, granddaughter, better, habit, quotes.
cell, cell
ball, hot, key, prickly, combustible, lynch, trousers, thorns.
ich, ech
game, nickname, testicle, water, brick, brown, sword, lie down, bake, speech, cherish, stove, river, buckwheat, sheep, ring, bridle, forever.
2. Without stress on the syllable.
Sample: would - ch-ki, I - ch-less, but-vi - ch-ki.
ah, uch
Bowls, badges, zucchini, shoes, start, cloud, bugs, bundles, spiders, heels, flour, manual, hoop.
ych, ich, ych
Gobies, wild animals, newcomers, Ivanovich, Petrovich, Nikolaevich, Sergeevich, barley.
Make suggestions.
The girl has a roll. Verochka catches a butterfly. Vanya on the river. The girl dropped the ball. The ball floats on the river. Barrel in the garden. In the garden, a wheelbarrow without a handle. The hen laid an egg. Ninochka is a neat girl. Tanya ate a bun, washed down with milk. A butterfly flew into the window. Dandelions are like little light bulbs. The squirrel jumped on the Christmas tree. The pines are small, and there are birds on the pines. Forest strawberry growth is small. There are bugs, spiders and various insects in the box.
PUZZLES
Stigmas - patches, ponytails - hooks. (Piglets.)
Crocheted tail, snouted nose. Here is my riddle. Who is this? (Pig.)
What is it with Galochka?
thread on a stick,
Wand in hand
Thread in the river. (Fishing rod.)
Shmakova Elena
Setting the sound [H] in two ways
Setting the sound Ch.
Sound Ch can be put in two ways.
Method 1. At a fast pace, we pronounce the combination t-t-t (tip of tongue touches base of upper incisors). Then gradually we begin to take the tip of the tongue back, as if stroking the upper alveoli. At the same time, we stretch our lips wide in a smile. The result should be a clear sound h.
Method 2. Slowly at first, then accelerating the pace, we pronounce the combination sounds th and th - tsh. Don't forget to smile widely. It is important!
Take some time to practice pronunciation sound h isolated: "How is the clock ticking?" – "Whhh". "How does a grasshopper chirp?" – "Whhh". How to calm a noisy baby? - "Whhh".
Staging and automation of sound [H].
Affricate, fused (T, W: T - not lingual - dental, but lingual alveolar; Ш - upper, deaf, oral, occlusive - slotted.
Articulation is normal with isolated pronunciation.
Lips slightly pushed forward. Distance between cutters (teeth) compressed or close (2 - 3) mm. At the first moment, the tip of the tongue is pressed against the alveoli - the bow. At the second moment, the bow opens with an explosion and moves to the position "upper" Sh. The lateral edges are pressed against the upper molars, the back and root are lowered. All language is shaped "cups". The soft palate is raised and closes the passage to the nose. The vocal cords are open. You can see the position of the lips, that the tip of the tongue is at the top and the position of the lateral edges. You can feel the absence of vibration and the air stream as in C.
staging. Hearing - visual analysis before sound, repeated repetition (sh must be free of defects). Tactile and vibratory sensations. ASh - ACH (the tip of the tongue is not at the upper incisors, but at the alveoli - we move it further). We rely on the nature of the air stream. mechanical way. On the basis of C, using a probe, spatula, finger. C must be free of defects. put under the tip of the tongue putty knife: “Say C - lips are not labialized, and with Ch - they are labialized. Do not rush to give a letter. Only when the spatula can be removed.
Types of mispronunciation. "Tooth sigmatism" H=C. The tip of the tongue opens and goes down, not remaining in position when sound"SH".Hearing - visual + tactile - vibration sensations when the sound of Sh. Replacing H with W. The tip of the tongue does not form bonds with the alveoli, there is no jerky jet, only a solid one. This phoneme is allowed according to the abbreviated system of phonemes, only up to sound production"H". "Whistling Sigmatism" H \u003d C. The tip of the tongue is below, the back performs jerky work. Reinstall, but not on the basis of C. "Lateral sigmatism". Bloating cheeks, saliva splashes, lateral edges work; the tip of the tongue forms a bridge either with the alveoli, or with the lower incisors, or close the gap between the incisors. Reinstall the sound.
Automation sound [H]. We pronounce correctly sound [H] in syllables. CHA CHO CHO CHI CHI CHU-CHI, CHU-CHEE. We highlight the stressed syllables CHACHA, CHACHACHA, CHACHA, CHACHACHA, CHACHACHA
We pronounce ch sound in words. HOUR, MIRACLE, MONSTER, CAST IRON, PURITY, MAN, BOWL, STOCKING. We automate sound [H] between vowels ACHA. We pronounce ch sound in words. rocking chair, washcloth, sharpener, swing, head. We pronounce correctly sound H in combination with the consonant CHVO, CHVA, CHLO, CHMO, CHNO, CHRO, CHVA, CHLA, CHMA, CHNA, CHRA, CHVU, CHLU, CHMU, CHNU. We pronounce ch sound in words. DAUGHTER, BUMP, POINT, NIGHT CLOUD. We pronounce sound H in the reverse syllable ACH, OCH, UCH YCH. We pronounce sound h words. DAUGHTER, NIGHT, ROOK, KALAC, HOOP, BALL. We pronounce sound [H] in sentences. ON THE TREE ROOK, MOTHER'S DAUGHTER, NIGHT HAS COME.
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Individual lesson "Setting the sound [L]" I. Topic of the lesson: “Advice to Michael”. Working theme: “Setting the sound [L]”. II. Software content. Target:. setting the sound [L] within the framework.
Synopsis of individual speech therapy session on the topic: “Staging the sound [L]” Purpose: the formation of the correct pronunciation of the sound [l] c.
Synopsis of an individual speech therapy lesson "Sound production [L]" Topic: “Sound production [L]” Type of lesson: lesson on mastering new knowledge, skills and abilities. Purpose: setting the sound [L] Tasks:.
Synopsis of an individual speech therapy lesson "Sound production [u]" Topic: Staging the sound [Sch] Purpose: 1. Educational: -to consolidate the ability to correctly pronounce the sound [Sch]; 2. Corrective: - development of phonemic.
Synopsis of the individual lesson "Setting the sound [Ш]" Abstract of an individual speech therapy lesson. Topic: Staging the sound [Ш] Purpose: - clarification of the articulation of the sound [Ш]; - setting sound;
