Textbook on speech therapy work with children of the first three years of life.
The introduction presents domestic and foreign experience in the implementation of the program "Habilitation of Infants".
The first chapter analyzes in detail the standards of psychomotor and speech development children in the first three years of life.
The second chapter describes the author's method for diagnosing the preverbal development of children with perinatal encephalopathy (PEP) and cerebral palsy (CP) in the first year of life. The levels of pre-speech development of children of the first year of life and children of the risk group are determined. These data help to determine the structure of the defect in children with PEP - perinatal encephalopathy. Further, the author's method of correctional and speech therapy work with children of the first year of life is substantiated.
The third chapter describes methods for examining children aged one to three years using scoring criteria. Special attention is given to a severe contingent of children with cerebral palsy - cerebral palsy.
The book presents a scheme of psychological and speech therapy examination of children with PEP and cerebral palsy at the age of two or three years, including 27 parameters, and describes the mechanism for determining the quantitative and qualitative assessment of underdevelopment of functions. Further, a method of speech therapy work is proposed, depending on the structure of the defect in stages. A significant place in the manual is given to correctional and pedagogical work with children with PEP and cerebral palsy. Samples of abstracts of classes are given.
AT last years a special direction in speech therapy was determined - a preventive speech therapy impact, which meets the provisions of the developed concept of early speech therapy intervention.
Infants (up to one year of age) are out of the scope of PMPK, as they are mainly observed in children's clinics, where psychological and pedagogical diagnostics are not currently provided, and, therefore, the most important sensitive period in the formation of psychomotor functions is missed.
At the same time, it has been proven that a violation of neurophysiological functions distorts, but does not stop, developmental processes. The formation of the child's psyche proceeds in this case under abnormal conditions, however, due to the high plasticity of the child's psyche, its wide compensatory possibilities, both successful correction of deviations and relative compensation of even the most severe lesions are possible. nervous system, musculoskeletal system.
A child with developmental disabilities who begins learning in the first months of life has the greatest chance of achieving the optimal level of general development as quickly as possible and, accordingly, more early term choice of integrated learning.
Timely diagnosis and organization of adequate early corrective assistance or pedagogical support will prevent secondary disorders in children at risk.
One of the most important conditions for the effectiveness of correctional and developmental education for children with developmental problems is the identification of the nature of deviations and their correction at an early age.
The textbook is addressed to defectologists, speech therapists, psychologists, students of defectological faculties, parents with children with PEP, cerebral palsy or children at risk.
The only thing in practice high school textbook on speech therapy work with children of the first three years of life.
The analysis of children's psychomotor and speech development is presented in detail. A technique for diagnosing the pre-speech development of children with perinatal encephalopathy and cerebral palsy, as well as a scraping technique for examining children of the first, second and third years is proposed.
life.
The manual gives the author's method of speech therapy work, taking into account the structure of the defect. Samples of speech therapy classes with children are presented.
The author of the textbook - Elena Filippovna Arkhipova - Professor of the Department of Speech Therapy of Moscow State Pedagogical University named after. M.A. Sholokhov.
The book is addressed to speech therapists, teachers, students of defectological faculties of pedagogical universities.
visual analyzer.
The visual analyzer is the central apparatus in cognitive activity, as indicated in the works of A. Peiper, V.G. Anan'eva, M.M. Koltsov and others.
According to A.M. Fonarev, newborns have an innate eye movement reflex that occurs under the influence of a stimulus moving in the field of vision and is caused in the first week of life in a healthy child. Eye movements during this period are spasmodic, there is no stable contact between the eye and the stimulus. Then steady tracking develops, inhibition of general movements, as well as movement of the head, which follows with some delay the movement of the eyes. It occurs in a healthy child at two weeks of age. By the end of the first month, a long-term fixation of an object, an adult's face, located from the side of the eyes, above, below, is caused in children.
In the first half of the second month of life, all complex eye movements are formed in children: fixation, convergence, tracking, binocular vision. As M.Yu. Kistikovskaya, optical stimuli during this period
can slow down the child's emotionally negative state or sucking movements.
A.V. Zonova, who conducted research on the development of conditioned reflexes to various colors, found that children in the first months of life distinguish colors.
In children 2-3 months of age, the duration of gaze fixation increases significantly. By 4-5 months, visual differentiations appear, which are of great importance, since they are the physiological basis of sensory development. As the works of N.M. Aksarina, the early formation of visual differentiation proves not only the ability of young children to distinguish colors, the size of objects, spatial relationships and other sensory qualities of objects, but also the need for their timely development.
INTRODUCTION
Actual problems of early diagnosis
and correction of deviations in development.
CHAPTER I Peculiarities of psychomotor development of children during the first three years of life in ontogeny.
CHAPTER II Corrective and speech therapy work with children with organic lesions of the central nervous system from birth to one year.
CHAPTER III Correctional and speech therapy work with children with cerebral palsy aged from one to three years.
Conclusions.
Educational questions and assignments.
Literature.
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