Scoliosis - description, diagnostic methods. How does custom production work?

With osteochondrosis, joints, cartilage and bones suffer. There are many causes of osteochondrosis, the most obvious of them are:

incorrect body position during prolonged sitting;

negligent attitude to choice bed;

malnutrition and as a consequence excess weight;

wearing shoes with high heels;

sedentary lifestyle.

Wearing a medical product for feet with osteochondrosis significantly reduces many of the negative consequences of this disease. Orthopedic insoles help uniform distribution loads on the feet, keep the feet in the desired position, which again reduces tension in the muscles of the legs.

Product classification

There are different types of orthopedic insoles. First of all, it is worth understanding for what purpose a person decided to resort to them.

If a obvious signs there are no diseases yet, but a person wants to protect his legs and provide himself with more comfortable movement, then you should pay attention to preventive orthopedic insoles.

Unlike therapeutic, prophylactic ones are softer and more elastic in structure. Their task is to provide the maximum possible comfort for the foot while in shoes and relieve stress due to the stress of walking and standing for a long time.

Prophylactic insoles are mostly made of natural leather, cork or foam. This orthopedic insole prevents the weakening of the arch of the foot.

The need for therapeutic orthopedic insoles occurs when there are already changes in the foot, deformations of the osteoarticular structure, impaired blood supply to the lower extremities.

Wearing therapeutic orthopedic insoles causes unpleasant, and sometimes even painful sensations, especially at the beginning of wearing them. The insole tries to return the deformed foot to the correct position, which is not painless.

READ ALSO: Warming belt for the lower back - Your orthopedist

Medical insoles can be divided into several types. If we consider their functional purpose, we can distinguish:

vault-supporting;
corrective;
vault-forming;
unloading.

The therapeutic purpose of each type of the above models becomes clear already by name. Arch-supporting orthopedic insoles are made taking into account the individual features of the structure of the foot. These types help increase leg endurance and reduce pain.

Corrective insoles are aimed at correcting the position of the foot relative to the entire musculoskeletal system. In their structure, corrective insoles often have many additional details, such as arch supports and pronators, pads and high sides.

The material for the manufacture of such insoles is always selected individually. Such models help reduce pain, increase shoe wear, improve the motor function of the foot and significantly increase endurance.

Arch-formers gently help the self-formation of the arches of the foot. Most often, these insoles are for children. Since it is during the growth period that it is very important to monitor the correct development of the foot.

Unloading types are designed to relieve the load from the most problematic areas of the foot. The redistribution of the load occurs due to the use of materials of different density and composition.

The bulges and recesses on such an insole help to avoid contact of damaged areas with the insole and chafing.

Lumbar-thoracic scoliosis

This type scoliosis has a apex located at the level of the 10-11th thoracic vertebrae. May interfere with respiratory and cardiovascular functions. It is difficult to treat, in the later stages it can be accompanied by pain.

The complex of therapeutic exercises should include exercises aimed at developing the strength endurance of the spinal muscles, exercises for educating the correct posture, breathing exercises, as well as several corrective exercises.

From a standing position, one hand is raised up, the other is lowered to perform swing movements with the hand lowered down.
From a standing position, make a “lock” with the hands behind the back (one hand on top, the other on the bottom).
From a prone position, lift both legs, spread them apart and connect.

Compensatory is one of the forms of non-structural, or simple scoliosis. Its main difference is that here a simple lateral curvature of the spine is diagnosed in the absence of twisting of the vertebrae along their axis. This group also includes the posture form of deformation, which occurs when a child’s posture is disturbed, and reflex, in which a person bends the spine in order to get rid of existing pain.

At the heart of the compensatory curvature is such a reason as the shortening of one of the legs. This is what leads to the fact that a person begins to involuntarily bend his back, which over time can cause a disease. Moreover, this shortening can be both true and apparent, and even relative.

Peculiarities

It is the shortening of one of the limbs that causes the curvature of the back, which is due to the inclination of the pelvis with the convex part towards the short leg. This happens if the pathology is not initially eliminated with the help of orthopedic shoes, which would help to compensate for the difference in the length of the lower limbs and align them.

As for the medical examination of the patient, during it the doctor sees one long arc, which includes the entire spine. This lateral deformity is called C-shaped scoliosis, or total form. Outwardly, this pathology can be detected if you ask the patient to stand up straight and even or lean forward with the body. In this case, the axis of curvature will be visible very well, which will make it possible to make the correct diagnosis.

Compensatory scoliosis of the 1st degree does not have any fixation or changes in the structure of the vertebrae. These changes are not observed in long-term current disease. An x-ray examination makes it clear that the curvature begins in the region of the sacrum or in the region of the lumbosacral joint. Moreover, unlike another type of scoliosis - structural, the sacrum itself is not involved in the pathological process.

Orthopedic insoles

Orthopedic insoles can be used in treatment, but they can help only if the difference in leg length does not exceed 0.5 cm. At the same time, the use of insoles does not give a person hope that they will help correct spinal deformity. Therefore, they must be used only in conjunction with other medical procedures - massage, physiotherapy exercises, physiotherapy.

Insoles can also help in correcting another pathology, which is also common with curvature of the spine -. But in both cases, the insoles should be selected and allowed to be worn only by an orthopedist, after a complete examination of the patient.

Compensatory scoliosis 1 st can also be called static. The static form of deformation also develops as a result of shortening of one limb, and is mainly diagnosed in early childhood. Also, the disease can manifest itself after suffering ankylosis of the hip joint.

In this case, it is also necessary to wear orthopedic insoles that will help align the different lengths of the legs, which means correcting the curvature itself.

Corsets

Wearing a corset with this type of scoliosis is necessary, especially if the disease develops in childhood. But still, it should be remembered that it is possible to correct a back defect only by getting rid of its cause, and this is a different length of the legs.

It is equally important for the child to attend physiotherapy exercises and massage. Physiotherapy exercises should be carried out under the supervision of a specialist, who must ensure that the child performs all the necessary exercises consistently and correctly, since the children's spine is very flexible and incorrect exercises can do more harm than good.

Massage plays an important role in treatment. Massage courses should be carried out only with a qualified massage therapist, but if desired, this tactic can be mastered by the parents themselves.

With proper and timely treatment, as well as if the length of the child's legs is aligned with the help of insoles or heel pads, it is quite simple to avoid the progression of the disease. If treatment is not carried out, then in the end you can get all sorts of complications. In this case, both the internal organs and the spinal column itself will suffer.

Scoliosis- lateral curvature of the spinal column, combined with its torsion; depending on the cause, there may be only one flexure, or primary and secondary compensatory flexures, which may be stable (as a result of muscle and/or bone malformation) or unstable (as a result of uneven muscle contraction).

According to the causes of the disease, scoliosis is divided into 5 groups:

I group: scoliosis of myopathic origin. At the heart of the curvature are violations of the development of muscle tissue and ligamentous apparatus
II group- neurogenic scoliosis (due to poliomyelitis, neurofibromatosis, syringomyelia, etc.)
III group(congenital scoliosis) - scoliosis due to anomalies in the development of the vertebrae and ribs (wedge-shaped additional vertebrae, unilateral synostosis of the ribs and transverse processes of the vertebrae)
IV group- scoliosis caused by diseases of the chest and spine (cicatricial changes after empyema, burns, plastic surgery, trauma)
Group V- idiopathic scoliosis.

From the point of view of clinical manifestations of scoliosis, 4 degrees are distinguished:

Scoliosis I degree- a slight lateral deviation of the spine and a small degree of torsion, detected radiologically; the angle of the primary arc of curvature is not more than 10°.
Scoliosis II degree- noticeable deviation of the spine in the frontal plane, pronounced torsion; the angle of the primary arc of curvature within 20-30°.
Scoliosis III degree- severe deformity, large costal hump, deformity of the chest; the angle of the primary arc of curvature is 40-60°.
Scoliosis IV degree- severe deformity of the trunk, kyphoscoliosis of the thoracic spine, deformity of the pelvis, deforming spondylarthrosis. The angle of the main curvature reaches 60-90°, pulmonary-cardiac complications are possible.

According to the shape of the curvature:

C-shaped scoliosis (with one arc of curvature).
S-shaped scoliosis (with two arcs of curvature).
Z-shaped scoliosis (with three arcs of curvature).

DIAGNOSTICS:
Attention parents: Examine your child yourself in a standing position from the back. If the child has one shoulder higher than the other, the lower head of the scapula is higher or lower than the angle of the other scapula, a clear asymmetry of the waist lines, then immediately contact an orthopedist, since with a high probability these are visible signs of scoliosis. But hidden scoliosis can only be detected by doctors.

Medical diagnostics

The examination is performed in the straight and bent positions of the patient's back, while paying attention to the asymmetry of the spine, shoulder blades, muscles. Check the symmetry of the shoulders and hips, measure the length of the legs. .

Radiography of the spine is necessarily carried out in two projections with the horizontal and vertical positions of the patient's body. Radiologically, any curvature of the spine exceeding 10° can be determined.

TREATMENT begin immediately after detection of curvature of the spine:

The main method of treating scoliosis in the first stages is conservative. With scoliosis of I-II degrees, adverse factors affecting posture are eliminated - the height of the chair and table should correspond to the height of the child, a bed with a hard surface is recommended, outdoor games, exercises for the back muscles. Removable orthopedic corsets, manual therapy, massage, physiotherapy exercises, exercise therapy, electrical muscle stimulation are used in the complex. The complex of treatment must be prescribed by an orthopedic doctor.

In difficult stages of scoliosis III-IV, surgical methods of treatment are used.

CONSEQUENCES OF SCOLIOSE:

If scoliosis is not treated, then in the future the patient will face whole line diseases: from sciatica, herniated discs, arthrosis of the knee and hip joints to chest deformity, limited lung function and, as a result, polycythemia and pulmonary hypertension, as well as heart failure (due to increased pressure from the chest).

Exercise therapy for scoliosis

Therapeutic exercise is one of the means of conservative treatment of scoliosis. Exercises have a stabilizing effect on the spine, strengthening the muscles of the body, allow you to achieve a corrective effect on deformity, improve posture, the function of external respiration, and give a general strengthening effect. Exercise therapy is indicated at all stages of the development of scoliosis

The complex of exercise therapy tools used in the conservative treatment of scoliosis includes:

medical gymnastics;
water exercises;
massage;
position correction;
sports elements.

Exercise therapy is combined with a regimen of reduced static load on the spine.

A feature of therapeutic gymnastics for scoliosis is the exclusion of exercises that promote swinging of the spine (rings, gymnastic wall, horizontal bar, somersaults, strong forward and backward bends, jumps), as well as asymmetric exercises.

It should be remembered that there are exercises that are especially dangerous for the spine. For example, forward bending of the torso contributes to disc displacement, stretching of the muscles of the paravertebral zone of the lumbar. It is known that the active function of these muscles stops after the torso is tilted by 15-20 degrees; with further inclination, stretching-rupture of the fibrous tissues of the lower back occurs. Any forward bends, as shown by electromyographic, clinical and kinesiological studies, are performed with the lumbar muscles turned off. The ligamentous apparatus of the spine and the capsules of the joints are subjected to overstretching. This danger exists for sick children with a weak muscular corset in the lumbar region: at the moment of extension of the body, the lower back remains inactive, extensions are performed mainly due to the muscles of the hip joint. Poorly fixed diseased vertebral segments are at the mercy of traumatic forces that freely affect the discs. Any fast jerky movements can cause a reflex spasm in the muscles or even microtrauma of individual fibers. To avoid this, the exercises should be performed at a slow pace, smoothly and calmly, avoiding sudden swing movements with a large amplitude.

Lunges at the support
Reverse lunges with dumbbells
Alternate forward lunges
lunge walking
Lunges to the side
Lunges with knee lift

Physical exercises that increase the flexibility of the spine and lead to its overstretching are also contraindicated.

We hope that now it is clear why consultation with an experienced orthopedic specialist and exercise therapy specialist is necessary.

The method of exercise therapy is also determined by the degree of scoliosis: with scoliosis of I, III, IV degrees, it is aimed at increasing the stability of the spine, and while with scoliosis of II degree, it is also aimed at correcting the deformity. Exercises of therapeutic gymnastics should serve to strengthen the main muscle groups that support the spine - the muscles that straighten the spine, oblique abdominal muscles, square muscles of the lower back, iliopsoas muscles, etc. Of the exercises that contribute to the development of correct posture, exercises for balance, balancing, etc. .

One of the means of exercise therapy is the use of elements of sports, for example, breaststroke swimming.

Prevention of scoliosis involves maintaining the correct posture. When sitting for a long time, the following rules must be observed:

sit still for no longer than 20 minutes;
try to get up as often as possible. The minimum duration of such a “break” is 10 seconds.
while sitting, change the position of the legs as often as possible: feet forward, backward, put them side by side, then, on the contrary, spread them apart, etc.
try to sit “correctly”: sit on the edge of the chair so that your knees are bent exactly at a right angle, perfectly straighten your back and, if possible, take some of the load off your spine by resting your straight elbows on the armrests;

Morning gymnastics, health training, outdoor activities - the minimum motor level necessary for every person and it consists of walking, running, gymnastics and swimming.

In addition to exercises of a general strengthening, health-improving nature, there are many special ones, for example, to strengthen the abdominal muscles, chest, and improve posture. These exercises allow to some extent correct the shortcomings of the figure, allow you to better control your body.

The following exercises will help strengthen your back muscles and keep your body in the correct position:

Stand with hands behind your head. With force, take your hands to the sides, raising your hands up, bend. Freeze for 2-4 seconds and return to the starting position. Repeat 6-10 times. Breathing is arbitrary.
I.p. - standing and holding a gymnastic stick behind your back (the upper end is pressed to the head, the lower end to the pelvis). Sit down, return to I.P. Lean forward, return to SP. and finally lean to the right, then to the left. Perform each movement 8-12 times.
I.p. - lying on the stomach. Leaning on your hands and, without lifting your hips from the floor, bend. Freeze in this position for 3-5 seconds, then return to the i.p.
I.p. - standing one step away from the wall. Touching the wall with your hands, bend back, raising your hands up, and return to the sp. Repeat 5-8 times. Standing against the wall, press the back of your head, shoulder blades, buttocks and heels against it. Then move away from the wall and try to hold this body position as long as possible.
on all fours - arch your back up and down - repeat 8 - 10 times
In addition, it is good to take baths with sea or ocean salt for 20 minutes.
Passive self-extraction is necessary: for this, the head end of the bed must be raised by 10-15 centimeters and lie on your back and stomach for 40-50 minutes, relaxing.

Exercise therapy for scoliosis of the 2nd degree

When walking.

Hands from the shoulders up, from the shoulders down - 1 min.
Hands up "lock", on toes - 1 min.
Hands on the belt - raise each knee to the chest - 1 min.
Hands to the sides, slightly back, we go in the floor squat -1 min.
Hands on the belt, elbows as close as possible to the back, we go in a full squat - 1 min.
We do lunges. Hands up, squat on each knee - 20 times.

Lying on your back.

Hands behind the head, the body lies evenly. We bend and unbend the feet forward - backward, circular rotations - 1 min.
Hands behind your head. We get the opposite knee with the elbow - 10 times.
Stretch your arms up. Get the right (left) hand straight left (right) leg, lower - 1 min.
The starting position is the same. We make claps with our hands under each leg in turn, while raising our head - 10 times.
"Scissors" with hands and feet - 1 min.
Chest breathing - 1 min.
Hands on the belt - "bicycle" - 1 min.
Hands behind your head, pull your knees to your chest, straighten your legs up, slowly lower your straight legs - 20 times.
Stretch your arms behind your head, each knee, clasping your hands, pull it to your chest in turn - 10 times.
Abdominal breathing - 1 min.
Hands to the sides, straight legs raise up, lower to the right (left) - 5 times.
Hands lie on the floor straight, legs together. We stretch: arms and head stretch up, and legs and pelvis down. - 1 minute.
We try to press the shoulders to the floor for 30 seconds.
Lying on your stomach.
Hands are extended forward. We stretch the body into a "string" (pull socks and hands in different directions) - 1 min.
Hands point-blank, lean on the palms and take turns lifting the straight leg up - 10 times.
Hands above your head in the castle, raise the shoulder girdle and hold from 2 seconds. up to 10 seconds - 6 times.
Raise your head and arms up, with straight arms we make "scissors" without touching the floor - 1 min.
"Boat" - the arms are extended forward into the lock, the legs are straight together. Raise arms, legs, head and hold for 1 min. - 5-10 times.
"Basket": we take our legs by the ankles with our hands and rise up on our stomach, hold from 2 to 10 seconds. - 10 times.
Abdominal breathing.

On the knees.

Standing on your knees, arms along the body. We deviate back "like a plank" - 10-12 times.
I.p. the same, hands on the belt. We straighten the leg in turn back 10-12 times.
I.p. Same. We sit on the floor to the left and right of the feet, the back is straight.
I.p. the same, knees together, feet wide apart. We sit down between the feet and stand up. The back is straight. 10-12 times

On knees.

Raise the right (left) straight leg and left (right) straight arm, hold for 2-6 seconds. - 10 times.
Get your knee to your forehead, tilt your head and leg back up - 10 times.
"Kitty" - back up and down - 1 min.
"In Turkish"
Stretch your arms forward on the floor, head between your arms, bend your back to the floor - 12 times.
Restore breathing.
Rest for 3-5 minutes: lying on your back, eyes closed, arms along the body, palms up, feet shoulder-width apart. Breathing is calm.

Take a warm shower after exercise

All exercises should be done at an average pace and more to turn the shoulders back.

Conclusion
With scoliosis, you can’t sit for a long time, make sudden movements, lift and carry more than 3 kg, you need to play sports only with a qualified doctor, recommended sport: swimming, you need to use a backboard, a fixing belt to relieve stress from the vertebral discs, but only on the recommendation of a doctor, you should take a multivitamin with calcium to strengthen bone tissue.

I have scoliosis (curvature of the spine) since high school. At first, I somehow did not pay attention to it, until it came to the point that it became very noticeable. One shoulder was much lower than the other. After reading a bunch of horror stories on the Internet, what this can lead to if no action is taken, I went to a good clinic treat scoliosis. At the consultation, the doctor examined me, and at the same time measured the length of my legs. The left leg was shorter than the right by 11 mm. This is what has become basic cause scoliosis + of course many other factors ... Of course it's not my fault, but it can be corrected with a special orthopedic heel pad. (besides spinal alignment) BUT! You have to wear it all the time! And only on the recommendation of a doctor! I bought it at VDNKh. The cost is 600 rubles. Pack of 2 It does not move out and does not peel off from the shoes. Convenient and easy to use.

Here's what it says on the package:

Genuine leather heel pad with 12 mm thick latex shock absorber to equalize leg length. It is used for shortening of one leg by 8-12 mm and functional skew of the pelvis. It is embedded in shoes with a hard back, cushions the heel, reduces the impact load on the heel and joints, and eliminates the pelvic tilt.

Indications for use:

Different lengths of the lower limbs - shortening by 8-12 mm functional skew of the pelvis shock absorption in diseases of the spine and joints (use of a pair without signs of shortening of the lower limb)

Peculiarities:

Orthopedic heel pad

Material- genuine leather treated without the use of chemicals

shock absorber- made of latex, 12 mm thick

Adhesive fixative- Eliminates the skew of the pelvis (equalizes the length of the legs)

Reduces shock load on the heel and joints of the legs when walking

Reduces stress on the spine and joints (ankle, knee and hip)

Increases stability when walking and standing

Prevents the development of pathological conditions of the musculoskeletal system

Improves overall well-being

Sizes - S, M, L, XL

Color - beige