Herpes simplex type 2. Herpes of the first and second types: what you need to know about these types of virus

Virus herpes simplex manifested by the development of vesicles with serous fluid on the mucous membrane or skin. If he once entered the body, then it is no longer possible to completely recover: with the help of medications, it is only possible to contain the virus in a latent state, preventing relapses. Herpes simplex (herpes simplex) can be 2 serotypes, their features and will be discussed below.

To determine the activity of the virus allows the analysis of IgG. A positive result indicates that the pathogen is in the active phase, a negative one indicates that it is dormant. Although often and without special studies, a person on characteristic symptoms is able to understand that a virus is developing in his body.

Causes and symptoms

There are significant differences between herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2 both in localization and in the ways of infection. The first serotype affects the skin areas on the lips, face and upper limbs. Herpes virus type 2 provokes the appearance of rashes on the genitals.

Often, the primary infection of HSV type 1 occurs by airborne droplets or household routes.

The infection enters the body through common dishes, towels, personal hygiene products, and cosmetics. Herpes can become active when:

hypothermia or overheating;
long stay in the sun;
somatic diseases;
overwork;
exhaustion;
poisoning;
menses.

Type 2 virus is sexually transmitted. As for the provoking factors, they are as follows:

unbalanced diet;
hypothermia;
frequent stress;
fungal or bacterial infections;
frequent change of sexual partners;
sexual intercourse without barrier contraception.

In addition, infection can be intrauterine - from the mother, herpes is transmitted to the fetus.

The clinical picture also depends on the type of herpes. After the type 1 virus is activated, the lesion from the nerve node spreads to the skin or mucous membranes, to the ends of the nerve processes. The virus after infection will appear within 2-3 weeks. The development of pathology can be divided into 4 stages:

The general condition of a person (both a carrier and a primary infected person) deteriorates sharply. The temperature may rise, a feverish state may occur, muscle pain may appear. The places of localization of herpes - lips, corners of the mouth, wings of the nose, cheeks - unbearably itch. Then the skin turns red and pain occurs - this is a harbinger of the fact that herpes will soon show itself in full.
There are rashes in the form of bubbles - vesicles. Inside them is a cloudy liquid gray color. The faster the virus develops, the larger the vesicles become. If this stage is left without adequate treatment, then the infection spreads further, capturing everything large areas skin covers.
When the vesicles fill with serous fluid, their walls burst, and the vesicles themselves open. Contents with a large amount of pathogenic microflora follow from them. At this time, the virus carrier becomes especially dangerous - a large number of infectious cells are released into the environment, while the risk of infection increases several times. The patient himself at this time feels discomfort in the affected areas.
In place of the bubbles, ulcers and erosive areas are formed. Gradually, the ulcers dry up, heal and fall off in the form of a crust, leaving behind clean skin. In order for this stage of the development of the virus to pass faster, it is necessary to prescribe appropriate treatment.

Transmission routes

Almost the entire population of the Earth is carriers of the herpes virus.

The only option in which the herpes simplex virus can be transmitted from a latent carrier is direct contact with the mucosa.

In most of them, the infection is in a dormant state. They pose no danger to uninfected people. The only option in which the herpes simplex virus can be transmitted from a latent carrier is direct contact with the mucosa. The source of infection is almost always a person who has viral symptoms.

2 serotype is transmitted through intimacy. Moreover, even the use of a condom does not protect 100%, since this product does not protect against contact with the mucous membrane of intimate organs.

The danger lies in the fact that half of the carriers of the type 2 virus do not have any symptoms. Therefore, persons infected with HSV are difficult to calculate. But once the virus enters its active phase, it is characterized by more severe symptoms than a type 1 infection.

What is the difference between herpes types 1 and 2

These 2 types of virus differ from each other in the place of localization, routes of infection and the severity of clinical symptoms. Although there is no significant difference in treatment. Herpesvirus types 1 and 2 are recurrent pathologies that require constant maintenance immune system up to the mark.

Herpes virus type 1

Herpes simplex type 1 is better studied, otherwise it is called a cold on the lips (more). Most often, it manifests itself on the oral mucosa as a result of a weakened immune system.

Herpes virus type 2

Genital herpes is not as pronounced as the type 1 virus. This pathology of the genital organs is especially dangerous for women, since without treatment it can affect the mucous membranes of the reproductive organs, causing infertility. Treatment of herpes on the genitals is more complicated.

Treatment of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2

The herpes simplex virus is treated with antiviral agents. In addition, immunostimulating drugs are prescribed, and folk recipes are used as adjuvant therapy.

The treatment regimen (treatment of herpes) depends on the severity of the symptoms, and only a specialist should develop it.

Diagnostics

The analysis for herpes is carried out in the laboratory. This can be an enzyme immunoassay, culture or PCR analysis. All these studies are performed on the basis of the study of the composition of the blood and the detection of antibodies to HSV.

How to treat

Herpes types 1 and 2 are treated with antiviral agents. The most commonly prescribed drugs are based on acyclovir. They differ in the minimum number side effects and well tolerated by patients.

To get rid of herpes and its manifestations, prescribe local treatment. Ointments and gels relieve itching and burning well and help to accelerate the stages of the development of the virus until it disappears completely. Immunostimulants are required.

Possible Complications

From possible complications it is important to note the following:

Herpes virus infection is especially dangerous during pregnancy. During this period, infection of the fetus is possible.
If the viral process spreads to the cervix, infertility may develop.
Developing in other structures of the small pelvis, herpes can cause pain, ganglionitis, neuritis and other pathologies.
A recurrence of a herpes infection can cause arthritis of the joints, kidney nephritis, myocarditis and other pathologies.

Prevention

To avoid infection with herpes, it is necessary to strengthen the immune system, observe the rules of personal hygiene, use antiviral drugs if necessary, and get vaccinated. The same principles should be followed to prevent relapse.

Manifestations of herpes are directly dependent on human immunity. The infection will make itself felt with malnutrition, overwork, prolonged and frequent stress. Therefore, it is important to reduce or eliminate such situations. It is necessary to establish the work of the gastrointestinal tract, since all immune processes are launched there.

The danger of the disease lies in the fact that, if not properly treated, it can cause additional health problems.

Herpes infection is a highly contagious viral disease that causes carriage in 90% of the world's population. The most common infectious agents are the herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2, the generic name Herpes Simplex (herpes simplex). During the normal functioning of the immune system, the disease proceeds in a latent (hidden) form, does not cause the development of complications, and does not require treatment. Immune suppression leads to the activation of the virus and contributes to the generalization of infection with damage to internal organs, the nervous system, and the visual analyzer. Intrauterine infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 causes stillbirth, the formation of congenital malformations, and mental retardation.

Herpes of the first type, most people become infected in childhood and adolescence. Upon initial contact with an infection, a clinical picture of the disease occurs with the formation of a vesicular rash (vesicles with transparent contents), the skin of the nasolabial triangle, less often. Therefore, the infection is called labial or oral herpes, depending on the location of the rash.

Ways of infection with herpes simplex type 1:

airborne (when kissing, coughing, sneezing);
household (through dirty hands, personal hygiene items, tableware, toys);
transplacental (through the placenta);
vertical (during passage through the birth canal);
blood transfusion (with blood transfusion);
transplantation (during organ transplantation).

Possible methods of infection with herpes.

Most often, infection occurs by airborne droplets upon contact with the patient's saliva or serous discharge of the vesicles. Herpes type 1 is transplacental transmitted during the primary infection of a woman in the last stages of pregnancy, a recurrence of the disease rarely leads to damage to the fetus. A vertical transmission route is possible if the herpes simplex virus type 1 infects the genitals in case (during oral sex).

Herpes simplex virus type 2 causes a vesicular rash on the genitals and causes the genital form of the disease. is less common than the oral-labial type of infection. Infection occurs at the fertile age after the onset of sexual activity. Women are more likely to get sick, which is associated with a high risk of transmission of the pathogen from a man to a woman, and not vice versa.

Ways of infection with herpes simplex type 2:

vaginal sex;
oral sex;
anal sex;
transplacental;
vertical;
blood transfusion;
transplantation;
during surgical manipulations (through contaminated medical instruments).

Herpes simplex virus type 2 is more commonly transmitted through sexual intercourse. Infection with herpes of the first and second types usually occurs from a sick person during the acute period of the disease. It is not excluded infection in the latent phase of the infection, which does not cause clinical signs of the disease.

The initial entry of the virus into the body

During the initial infection, the virus penetrates into sensitive tissues, infects the cell nucleus, and begins to actively multiply. For the labial form of the disease - this is the skin of the lips, oral - the mucous membrane of the lips, cheeks, soft palate, tonsils, genital - the skin of the perineum, small and large, vaginal mucosa, cervix. In some cases, primary infection may be asymptomatic, which is associated with high immune protection.

The penetration of the herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2 into the body causes a reaction of the immune system. Specific antibodies are synthesized that destroy virions and prevent the generalization of the infectious process. In the first 3-4 days, class M immunoglobulins are produced. They circulate in the blood for 3-4 weeks, eliminate the attack of the virus on tissues, and then completely disappear from the peripheral blood.

On the 7-10th day of the disease, class G immunoglobulins are synthesized, which destroy viruses and serve as an indicator of immunological memory. After the initial infection, a stable lifelong immunity is formed in the body. Re-infection does not occur, but relapses of the disease may occur against the background of a violation of the immune system.

After entering the body, the herpes simplex virus remains forever in a latent state and persists in the cells of the nervous system. The normal level of the immune system keeps the infection under control - virions do not multiply, do not destroy cells, the disease is in a state of long-term remission. When the body's defenses are suppressed, the pathogen is activated and can cause both mild forms of the disease and a severe infection with damage to the nervous system, organ of vision, and visceral organs.

Clinical picture of labial and oral herpes

Herpes simplex virus often occurs on the lips, it is called the "cold". This name is associated with a relapse of the disease, usually against the background of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections. In the oral cavity, the herpes simplex virus in 90% of cases is formed in children. Oral localization is typical for a child aged 7 months to 4 years and is associated with imperfections in the immune system.

Symptoms of herpes type 1:

prodromal period - weakness, drowsiness, fatigue, chills, muscle pain, fever up to 38 degrees, discomfort in the lips or oral cavity (burning, itching, tingling), swelling and redness of the skin of the lips or oral mucosa, enlargement of the cervical and submandibular lymph nodes;
the period of active infection - the appearance of a vesicular rash with transparent contents, the vesicles are grouped, 2-4 mm in diameter, the rashes are accompanied by itching, the opening of the vesicles leads to the formation of painful ulcers;
recovery period - brown crusts form at the site of the opened vesicles, which are rejected without scarring or pigmentation, the general condition is normalized.

Herpes simplex in the lips can spread to the skin of the nasolabial triangle. Herpes virus type 1 in the oral cavity affects the mucous membrane of the upper and lower lips, soft palate, uvula, inner surface of the cheeks, tonsils. In this case, the disease must be differentiated from stomatitis of another etiology, candidiasis, lichen.

Clinical picture of genital herpes

Herpes simplex type 2 is detected in adults who are sexually active. Protected sexual contact (using a condom) does not always prevent infection - rashes can be located around the genitals. The chronic relapsing form of the disease worsens the quality of life and makes it difficult to have sexual intercourse. Relapses of the herpes virus 1, 2 types more than 3 times a year testify in favor of suppression of the immune system, and require specific treatment of the disease.

Symptoms of herpes simplex virus type 2:

prodromal period - headache, drowsiness, disability, pain in the perineum, backache in the vagina, thigh, anus, burning and itching of the skin of the external genital organs, fever up to 38 degrees, chills;
period of active infection - swelling and redness of the labia majora and labia minora, perianal region, skin in the thighs and groin, the formation of itchy grouped vesicles with transparent contents, the diameter of the rash is 2-4 mm, the opened vesicles are painful to the touch and when moving, sexual intercourse is not possible due to pain syndrome;
recovery period - brown crusts form at the site of the opened vesicles, which are rejected without scarring or pigmentation, normalization of the general condition.

During the normal functioning of the immune system, herpes simplex type 2 does not recur or worsens rarely, sometimes it is asymptomatic. During the period of carriage, a person can infect the sexual partner, but the highest probability of infection is characteristic of the active phase of the disease.

Severe course of the disease

Herpes types 1 and 2 are severe with a generalization of the infectious process against the background of suppression of the immune system.

Risk factors:

acquired and congenital immunodeficiencies, primarily HIV/AIDS;
beriberi;
oncological diseases;
immunosuppressive therapy (chemotherapeutic agents, glucocorticoids, cytostatics, radiation therapy);
organ transplant.

Herpesvirus can cause severe illness.

Against the background of suppression of immunity, the herpes virus causes severe diseases:

meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis;
atypical pneumonia;
viral hepatitis;
keratitis, blepharitis, iridocyclitis.

Intrauterine infection of the fetus leads to spontaneous miscarriages, malformations, mental retardation.

Diagnostics

In most cases, diagnosis is not difficult. In an unclear clinical situation, appoint additional methods research. To identify the disease, history taking and laboratory diagnostics are used.

Epidemiological history - collection of information about the patient's contact with sick people in the active phase of the infection.
Anamnesis of life - collection of information about past infections and diseases.
Anamnesis of the disease - clarification of current complaints at the time of treatment, collection of information about the first symptoms of the disease, the severity of the course, the treatment being taken.
Immunological analysis (ELISA) - determination in the blood of a variety of immunoglobulins (antibodies IgG, IgM):
- in the blood only IgM - primary infection, the active phase of the disease;
- in the blood IgM and IgG - primary infection in the active phase or the recovery period;
- in the blood only IgG to the herpes simplex virus - the latent phase of infection (carriage).
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) - detection of virus DNA in blood and other biomaterial (saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, tears, scrapings from the vagina).
The cultural method is the sowing of biomaterial on nutrient media.

How to treat the disease, and whether therapy is required, the doctor decides in each case.

Medical tactics

Modern ones cannot cure the disease. The virus will forever remain in the body in a dormant state. Medications are prescribed for suppression of immunity and a severe form of the disease to inhibit the activity of the virus and the transition of the infection to a latent state.

Medicines for the treatment of herpes

Conservative treatment of herpes simplex:

antiviral drugs for oral administration (acyclovir, valaciclovir, famciclovir) - prevent the replication of virions in cells, transfer the active phase of the disease to a state of carriage;
antiviral drugs for topical use (bonafton, panavir, acyclovir) -;
immunomodulators (cycloferon, viferon, immunal) - strengthen the immune system;
gamma globulin - synthesized from the blood of people who have had herpes, strengthens specific immunity;
vaccination - used to prevent the recurrence of infection.

One or two are rarely prescribed for treatment. medicines. The severe course of the disease requires complex therapy.

Treatment of herpes types 1 and 2 should be carried out under the supervision of a physician. Antiviral drugs in self-medication cause the development of side effects, complications, progression of the disease. In some cases, therapy is not carried out - a healthy immune system copes with the infection on its own. Antiviral and other drugs, according to the decision of a specialist, can be prescribed not only for treatment, but also for the prevention of infection. A professional approach to therapy improves the prognosis of the disease and reduces the risk of developing undesirable consequences.

Pathogen

The causative agent is the herpes simplex virus type I, referred to as HSV-1. He is quite persistent in the external environment. In the air, it retains virulence for a day, at 60 ° C - for 30 minutes.

Infection is possible through doorknobs, handrails in transport, as well as through banknotes, where viruses can persist for up to 2 hours. But most often by contact, when the damaged skin comes into contact with discharge from the sores of the patient or when kissing.

After the initial infection and the disappearance of symptoms, the causative agent of the disease does not disappear anywhere, but where it becomes inaccessible to antiviral drugs.

Quiet periods can last for years and even decades, until they are activated with a decrease in immunity caused by stress, overwork, malnutrition, hypothermia or overheating.

The herpes simplex virus is integrated into the human genome forever and therefore cannot be destroyed by the immune system.

Symptoms

However, these methods are highly specific, but very expensive and complex, so they are used only in the most difficult to diagnose cases to distinguish between various herpes viruses, which.

Two of them are classified as herpes simplex viruses, namely labial and genital, the manifestations of which are the same if the infection happened during oral sex.

Such studies are also carried out during pregnancy, since this seemingly harmless disease can cause miscarriage, stillbirth or neonatal herpes, often ending in the death of the baby.

Pathologies of the brain, vision and hearing are also possible, therefore, when planning a future child, all women are recommended to be examined for the presence of antibodies to type I and type II viruses. If an infection has occurred, then the analysis must be passed.

Complications

In addition to pregnant women, the risk of complications of the herpes simplex virus increases in people with reduced immunity. After transplantation, when immunity is specifically reduced to prevent a transplanted organ, relapses of this disease very often occur. It acquires a special destructive force in AIDS.

Inflammation of the lungs, hepatitis, or lesions of the cornea of the eyes are often the result of herpes. Older people may develop Alzheimer's disease as a result. A rare but extremely dangerous complication is inflammation of the meninges and even the brain itself.

Treatment

In the usual form of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 with rapidly passing blisters near the lips, no specific treatment is prescribed, limited to symptomatic agents that reduce itching and accelerate the healing process. The first drugs include aspirin and paracetamol, but with severe itching, antiallergic drugs are used.

Propolis tincture or folk remedies such as fresh juice from onion, garlic, aspen or aspen leaves.

Apply to blisters and sores compresses of grated apples, garlic or potatoes. soothe nervous system Melissa infusion will help. Drink this infusion half a glass 3 times a day.

From rashes, lubrication with an ointment made from vegetable oil, to which 5 drops of eucalyptus and geranium oils are added per 1 teaspoon.

If relapses are repeated often or drag on for a long time, then a complex treatment of herpes simplex is carried out, which allows you to quickly stop the manifestations of the disease and prevent the onset of the next exacerbation for a long time.

First, antiviral drugs such as acyclovir are prescribed. At the very first signs, such as burning, taking it can completely prevent the appearance of blisters.

After the disappearance of acute symptoms, immunostimulants are prescribed: kagocel, interferon, immunoglobulin, reaferon, etc. After 1-2 months, vaccination can be carried out, which eliminates relapses for a long time.

Of the physiotherapeutic methods for the treatment of herpes simplex g1 virus, UVI, infrared irradiation and laser therapy are recommended.

Prevention

In men, among the most formidable complications are adenoma and prostate cancer, which ends in 15% of cases of this disease. Therefore, with frequent relapses, it is necessary not only to regularly carry out complex treatment, but also to do tests for tumor markers.

In pregnant women, this type of herpes is much more likely to lead to complications, especially if the infection has already occurred during pregnancy.

Treatment

Herpes simplex virus M is more difficult to treat than labial. The methods of treatment are the same: biostimulants. Courses should be carried out during exacerbations.

Prevention

Measures for the prevention of genital herpes are to avoid sexual intercourse outside of marriage, especially unprotected. Even in this case, the risk of infection remains, since this virus is able to penetrate through intact skin.

You should not use someone else's towel, someone else's razor for the bikini area, and it is advisable to use personal soap, especially if someone in the family is sick with genital herpes.

Despite the fact that most people on the planet are carriers of the virus, treatment should not be neglected, especially if relapses occur frequently. It is quite possible not to become infected with them if you follow simple hygiene rules.

A blood test allows you to detect circulating in the vessels herpes simplex virus by PCR, as well as to find out the level of IgM and IgG antibodies to it.

Positive PCR test result shows that this blood sample, donated for research, contains the genetic material of the virus, there is a disease. The result is negative - no virus, no disease.

It is more difficult with antibodies, because there are several types of them, they appear at different times and the clinical significance of each is not only its own, but depends on the other. So to check for antibodies to the herpes simplex virus, you need to take both IgM and IgG.

Deciphering the result of a blood test for antibodies to the herpes simplex virus (1.2 types):

- IgM negative,IgG positive - latent herpetic infection. Feel free to plan pregnancy, the fetus is fully protected by antibodies. Only when rashes suspicious of herpes appear, the analysis is repeated.

- IgM negative,IgG negative- infection with the herpes simplex virus was not at all or occurred no later than 1-2 weeks ago. The analysis should be repeated after 2-4 weeks and when symptoms of herpes appear.

- IgM positive,IgG negative- acute herpetic infection.

before pregnancy - antiviral treatment, plan to conceive in 2-3 months, when there will be negative IgM
in pregnancy - interruption is not indicated and cannot be recommended without the results of fetal ultrasound. Treatment with antiviral drugs is carried out only taking into account the individual data of the patient, preferably at the end of the first trimester. Identification of fetal malformations on ultrasound may be an indication for medical abortion but only with the consent of the woman herself. Analyzes for IgM and IgG to the herpes simplex virus are repeated every 2-4 weeks, and after IgM becomes negative - every 3 months.

- IgM negative or positive andIgG positive- this is an exacerbation of a chronic infection or a late period of primary infection with herpes simplex.

The incidence of HSV infection in the fetus is very (well, very) low. You need to be wary of fresh herpetic eruptions on the genitals immediately 2-3 weeks before childbirth. A child passing through the birth canal is easily infected, and the herpes virus in a newborn leads to the development of encephalitis.

Pregnancy is a happy and, at the same time, a responsible period in a woman's life, because it is at this time that the health of the unborn child is being laid. The health of the mother herself plays an important role in creating the most favorable conditions for the intrauterine development of the baby. Since the most difficult and crucial stages are the laying of all the internal organs of the child at the very early stage of the formation of the embryo at the beginning of pregnancy, as well as the birth itself, the mother’s illness at this time can have serious consequences for the baby. It is especially bad if a woman had a viral disease at that time. One of these dangerous ailments during pregnancy is herpes.

The herpes virus is usually divided into two varieties, depending on the place on the body where visible symptoms of the disease appear. Clear, fluid-filled blisters may appear on the lips, palate, and tongue if the patient is dealing with herpes in the mouth, which people sometimes refer to as a cold. In fact, this name is incorrect. Indeed, these rashes often occur as a result of freezing or a general decrease in immunity against the background of another disease, however, they have a viral basis. It's just that the disease lurks in the trigeminal nerve for some time, waiting for a reason to manifest itself.

However, sometimes such vesicles, which subsequently turn into wounds, which, when healed, become covered with a hard crust, appear on the genitals. If this crust cracks, the healing sore begins to ooze and get wet, which greatly complicates recovery. In this case, the patient is dealing with genital herpes, which is localized in the peripheral nerves of the pelvis. It is this disease that poses a huge threat to pregnant women.

If a pregnant woman is infected with early term, the consequences could be:

Thus, if a woman was struck by a virus in the first or second trimester, then it is recommended to terminate the pregnancy, but even at a later date, the virus that has penetrated the fetus through the placenta can significantly worsen the health of the child, including causing epilepsy, cerebral palsy and even death of the newborn. In addition, there is a risk of infection of the baby during childbirth.

You should know that since there is no direct connection between the facial nerves and the nerves of the body, oral herpes cannot go into genital. However, the likelihood of a virus infection in the case of genital herpes is many times higher than with oral herpes. How can you catch this dangerous disease?

Among the main ways of the disease are:

Unprotected sexual intercourse with a sick partner, both during normal and oral contact.
Violation of hygiene standards when visiting public places: baths, saunas.
Infection of a woman in a medical facility, in case of staff negligence.

Since this ailment belongs to a number of those that pose a serious threat to the development of the fetus, most experts consider it necessary to test for herpes during pregnancy. The disease is of particular danger if a woman encounters the virus for the first time directly during the gestation period. If a woman has ever been infected before, then antibodies have time to develop in her body. It is antibodies to herpes during pregnancy that play the most important role, reducing the likelihood of fetal damage to five percent. Therefore, one of important analyzes if this disease is suspected, an analysis for the appearance of immunoglobulins in the blood is performed.

Herpes IgM positive during pregnancy is detected already approximately on the fourth day from the moment of infection and indicates the acute nature of the disease, as well as the primary infection. In contrast, herpes IgG positive during pregnancy indicates a relapse of the disease, which is not so dangerous for the fetus.

Thus, a woman planning a pregnancy who has already had herpes needs to take a number of measures to avoid a relapse:

Taking antiviral drugs.
Strengthening the immune system with immunomodulators.
Taking vitamins and eating well.
Health care, exclusion of freezing, stress, overwork.

I knew from school that I had herpes on my lips. Before B, I handed over to the sticks and then revealed the active phase. M - this is the active phase and they will not be able to say how much. Just activated and that's it. If you remember that he had already jumped out once, then he was in the body. In general, this determines the test for avidity for herpes. It shows in percentage terms how long you had this sore.

I treated his active phase and began to plan. At 22 weeks I went for an ultrasound scan, they revealed a suspension in the water and a thickening of the placenta, an expansion of the urinary tract. And with the baby, everything is OK. Uzist immediately said to retake the test. I passed and the herpes became active again, although it did not pour out, that's when I was exhausted and read, got nervous, cried. I went to an infectious disease specialist, but although we have a torch center in our city, the workers are not so hot. Have appointed or nominated an immunoglobulin to prick 5 times in two days. Drops Proteflazid, Hofitol, suppositories Genferon. But M indicators will go down on their own - do not treat, in 2-3 weeks. And the benefit of these immunostimulating drugs during B has not been proven. But I still healed. On ultrasound at 29 weeks, the suspension and expansion of the urinary tract remained, thickening did not occur. According to the indications, the fetus is developing well, the doppler is good. What will happen to the baby, whether she got infected (even if I have 100% avidity (immunity) to this bug) no one knows and no one will tell, only after the birth it will be known. But I pray to God that our baby is born healthy, I believe that God will help us. It's very scary, but when these thoughts are found again, I drive them away and try to believe only in the good. So get treated and believe in the best, pray. Each even similar case has its own individual outcome. Good luck and good health to you and your baby.

Please write later what kind of new analysis it is and what treatment was offered to you.

Just a new analysis - analysis for avidity. Two weeks of preparation - you can go crazy during this time! And yesterday a bubble popped up in the oral cavity in the evening. And I guessed - this is apparently the same herpes. after a couple of hours it has already decreased. By that time, my husband brought me acyclovir from the pharmacy. And I remembered that some small pimple in the same place periodically appeared - but I did not think it was herpes. appeared and the next day it is gone, so I never even paid attention to this little thing in my mouth.

So you can hope that this is not the first time for me? right? What do you say?

Because if this is a relapse, then as they write everywhere on the Internet. During pregnancy, infection of a newborn with the herpes simplex virus from a mother with recurrent genital herpes occurs quite rarely: in approximately 0.02% of cases. . The most dangerous thing is the primary infection at the beginning and at the end of B. I hope this very avidity will give a good result. http://www.herpes.ru/her/pat/gh/pregn/rets.htm

It is also alarming that during the first B. I don’t remember that IgG tests for herpes were positive. And this time, at the very beginning, only IgG was positive, and the second time, the M titer was added to G.

This is immunity, and M is the active phase, so the avidity will be high, you are not infected for the first time.

Just 1 (up to the waist) and 2 (below the waist) types of herpes are different. During the 2-genital, the danger is a primary infection and a relapse before the birth itself, since the baby becomes infected when it comes out of the birth canal. Therefore, if herpes comes out on the genitals before childbirth, then they are caesarean.

Maybe in the mouth this sore, the same herpes is. Not necessarily with M there should be rashes.

And in our laboratory, immediately the next day, they give an answer to avidity, as well as to M and G indicators.

So your avidity should be 100%. Immunity G never disappears, but only M rises and disappears.

I will have a CS too.

For some reason, I do not remember that it was somewhere positive during the first pregnancy. I don't remember everything. I remember everything except CMV was negative. This means that both indicators were negative for herpes. If they were positive, I would remember, I would start to worry. Now I'm thinking of asking my gynecologist to raise the documents for my first pregnancy.

Well. I hope you can safely get pregnant. and how else then further.

Only I would like to know if there are ways to check for pathologies and whether they will provide them to me. It’s just that I have to wait a long time for the CTG procedure in terms of time, on it, I know, pathologies are revealed, if any. But then nothing can be changed at that time. Is it possible to identify serious problems.

And if G was positive at least 5 years ago, then this is very good.

Screening at 18-22 weeks, as well as at 12, reveals only deviations of down diseases and other similar ones. Ultrasound data can tell about the infection of a child or some other deviations, if God forbid, something is wrong with the organs. Even with my placenta, not everything is good in structure, but the baby’s nutrition is good, blood flow, organs are normal. They write the risk of MPI in the card, but no one will say for sure whether it is true or not, only then after the birth it will be seen.

And what week is CTG done and what is it. I was not prescribed anything, only a doppler. And at 32 repeat the doppler. My friend's CMV became active at the 20th week, and according to the ultrasound, everything is fine. So no analysis and treatment will show whether the baby helped or not. You will remove the symptoms from yourself, and the consequences are not known. But you still need to do everything that is in your hands to heal.

And don't think bad. Only about the good, believe in the best. Get checked on ultrasound at 21-22 weeks. And everything will be OK for you. How do you know, maybe with the 1st child, this herpes became more active in the blood, but not when you took the tests, but later? After all, every 2 weeks you will not check the sticks.

Source: www.gerpeslechim.ru

IgG and IgM antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were found

If the blood test results say that the test for class g antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 is positive, misunderstanding often arises. What does this mean and what are the next steps? Why is herpesvirus dangerous? What is herpes type 1 and 2? Is it possible to get rid of it? To answer these questions, you need to delve a little into the essence of the terms and understand what kind of ailment it is.

It is one of the most common human infections. There are 8 types of herpes in total. Types 1 and 2 are the most common and are called herpes simplex viruses (HSV). In medicine, the name is used, which is an abbreviation of the English term Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2: HSV-1 and HSV-2. The degree of infection of humanity with the virus of the first type is up to 85%, antibodies to HSV of the second type are found in approximately 20% of the world's population. Not all infected people show symptoms.

Infection with herpes simplex is possible in several ways: HSV-1 is transmitted by airborne droplets and contact (through the skin, especially when in contact with blisters) ways, you can become infected with HSV-2 through sexual contact with an infected partner. Also, the virus can be transmitted from mother to child (during gestation and childbirth).

Herpes HSV-1 usually manifests itself on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes in the mouth and nose, most often on the border of the lips. Symptoms vary. In adults, this type of herpes is manifested by blistering rashes, sometimes it can be a single vesicle on the lip, but usually there are several of them, while they are combined into a continuous focus, sometimes several such foci appear.

Bubbles burst as they develop, forming wounds. The whole process is accompanied by itching and irritation. In the people, this type of virus is often called the "cold". HSV-2 is most often localized on the skin in the genital area and has the appearance of rashes similar to type 1, such localization determines its name - genital herpes.

Once in the body, the herpes virus can exist in a latent form for a long time; in an adult, it lives in the nerve nodes without damaging the cells. Stress, exhaustion, diseases that cause a decrease in immunity can activate the virus. Among the factors contributing to the development of herpes, a special place is occupied by organ transplantation, because the immunity of the recipient in these cases is suppressed in the process of engraftment of the organ.

In most cases, herpes simplex is not very dangerous to health, but it can cause serious diseases, such as encephalitis.

Men with HSV-2 infection may develop prostatitis or herpetic urethritis. Women are at risk of developing vulvovaginitis or cervicitis.

Diagnosis of herpes is important in the following cases:

pregnancy planning (doctors recommend that both partners undergo diagnostics);
state of immune deficiency;
examination before organ transplantation;
if there are signs of intrauterine infection or fetoplacental insufficiency;
study of various risk groups;
differential diagnosis for suspected urogenital infections;
detection of any blisters on the skin (to exclude dangerous pathologies).

After this infection enters the body, the immune system produces antibodies to the herpes virus, this is a special type of protein in blood cells, they are called immunoglobulins and are denoted by Latin letters ig. There are 5 types (or classes) of immunoglobulins: IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE, IgD. Each of them in a special way characterizes the disease.

Antibodies to the herpes simplex virus class IgA usually make up about 15% of all immunoglobulins, they are produced in the mucous membranes, are present in breast milk and saliva. These antibodies are the first to take over the protection of the body when exposed to viruses, toxins and other pathogenic factors.

Immunoglobulins IgD are produced in the fetus during gestation, only minor traces are found in adults, this class has no clinical significance. The IgE type is present in the blood in very small amounts and may indicate a tendency to allergies. The most important in the diagnosis of herpes simplex are 2 classes: IgG (anti hsv IgG), these are the most numerous antibodies (about 75%), and IgM (anti hsv IgM), they are about 10%.

IgM is the first to appear in the blood after infection, after a few days IgG is detected. Normal (reference) values for anti hsv types 1 and 2 are usually indicated on the form, while we must not forget that reference values \u200b\u200bare different in different laboratories.

If the level of antibodies is below the threshold value, then they speak of a negative result (seronegativity), if it is higher, a positive result (seropositivity).

An increase in IgM antibodies in the body indicates the onset of an acute illness. After recovery, a certain amount of IgG remains in a person forever (IgG is elevated), the presence of these antibodies does not guarantee protection against re-infection. If the analysis shows that IgG antibodies are elevated, then this infection is already familiar to the body, that is, IgG serves as a marker of infection of the body with the herpes simplex virus. Immunoglobulins IgM can be considered a marker of the primary penetration of infection into the body.

Venous or capillary blood can be used as a material for research. Research can be carried out in two different ways:

ELISA - enzyme immunoassay;
PCR - polymerase chain reaction.

The difference between these methods is that ELISA allows you to detect antibodies to the virus, and PCR - the virus itself (its DNA). At the same time, PCR finds the pathogen only in those tissues that were provided for analysis, i.e., it determines the defeat of only a specific organ. The ELISA method allows you to determine the prevalence of infection throughout the body, because immunoglobulins, together with blood, are present in all organs and tissues.

To detect the herpes simplex virus, it is preferable to use the ELISA method. When the description of the test results contains the phrases - IgG positive, we can confidently say that the study was carried out by ELISA. At the same time, PCR is also very actively used; it can be used to determine a specific type of virus (1 or 2) in cases where it is not possible to establish the type by localization.

If in the past the herpes virus has already been detected or there have been clinical manifestations of the infection, then the person is a carrier of the herpes simplex virus, and this result may mean a relapse (exacerbation) of the infection. There are certain risks for the fetus, but in general protection is present (treatment may be required).

Such a result may also mean the presence of immunity. For clarification, 2 types of IgG are considered, namely: the determination of antibodies to the immediate early or late proteins of the virus. When immunity is confirmed, there is no threat to the fetus during pregnancy.

Analysis data is not always 100% reliable interpretation. For example, immediately after infection, a sufficient amount of antibodies does not have time to develop, the result in this case may turn out to be false negative. If you want to get the most reliable conclusions, it is recommended to take an additional test for IgM and repeat the analysis for IgG (two types) after a few weeks.

In the blood of the vast majority of the world's population, IgG antibodies to the herpes simplex virus are found. Recent primary infection, as well as viral reactivation, is defined by an observed increase in lgG of approximately 30% over a two-week period of samples. With the recurrence of herpes, high levels of IgG are usually detected, a decrease in the number of antibodies indicates a positive trend.

Before starting treatment for a herpes virus infection, you need to know:

it is impossible to achieve complete destruction of the virus;
there are no preventive medications;
with the help of antibiotics, viral infections cannot be cured, viruses are immune to them;
medical treatment of mild manifestations of the herpes virus type 1 is unjustified.

Immunity to the virus in infected individuals is temporary and incomplete, with reduced immunity usually relapsing. The herpes virus itself is capable of lowering immunity, since the increased synthesis of IgG antibodies suppresses the production of special lymphocytes that can fight pathogens. The state of human immunity significantly affects the frequency and strength of relapses.

Acyclovir is most effective in the treatment of the herpes virus. Due to the similarity of the structure of the drug with the amino acid elements of the virus, Acyclovir enters its DNA, inhibits its activity and blocks the synthesis of new chains. At the same time, the substance acts strictly selectively, suppressing only viral DNA; its effect practically does not extend to the replication of human cell DNA.

The use of the drug in accordance with the instructions allows you to speed up recovery by reducing the duration of clinical manifestations. Among the precautions for treatment with Acyclovir:

pregnancy (during lactation, special care should be taken);
hypersensitivity to the components of the drug;
when a child is under 3 years old, you should stop taking pills;
in case of renal insufficiency, you must first consult with your doctor, you may have to reduce the dosage;
in the elderly, oral treatment must necessarily be accompanied by abundant fluid intake;
avoid getting the drug on the mucous membranes of the eyes.

The course of the disease when infected with a type 2 virus is characterized by more severe symptoms. This type of herpes in pregnant women can cause miscarriage and increase the chance of miscarriage. A dramatic consequence of HSV-2 infection during pregnancy can be neonatal herpes. In men, type 2 virus is a very common cause of infertility.

Identification of this type of HSV requires a broader treatment regimen, which includes various immunomodulators. It is important to strengthen the immune system and the body's defenses, so vitamins and biostimulants are additionally prescribed. Sometimes injections of saline are indicated, so the concentration of the virus in the blood can be reduced.

After suppression of the active stage, the virus remains in the nerve ganglia, where it exists latently, while it can not give itself away for a very long time, new viruses are not produced at this phase. The causes of relapses are not exactly established, but there are known triggers:

changes in the immune system of women before menstruation sometimes provoke a relapse of HSV;
ARVI infection, influenza and other diseases accompanied by high temperature, can also cause relapses;
local lesions in the lips or eyes;
side effects of radiation therapy;
strong, cold wind;
exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Immunity to the virus is permanent, and the severity of relapses decreases over time.

Herpes (Herpes) - translated from Greek as "a creeping, prone to spread skin disease." The disease is caused by the Herpesvirales virus, it is characterized by skin blisters all over the body and mucous membranes. Types of herpes depend on its location and pathogen, there are about 200 varieties in total, but a person is subject to only 8 of them. Each type has its own signs and causes. Types 7 and 8 of herpes are still not fully understood.

Herpes type 1

HHV 3 transmission routes:

through common items;
when talking, coughing, sneezing, yawning, kissing (even a friendly one).

How chickenpox manifests itself (symptoms):

unbearably itchy skin;
the temperature rises;
vesicles throughout the body.

The rash spreads over the skin where the affected nerves are located. The duration of the disease is about 14 days. A person who once had chickenpox becomes a carrier of the virus for life.

along the nerve processes, a person feels itching, burning and severe pain;
the general body temperature rises and weakness appears;
the affected areas are inflamed for 3 days;
on the 2-3rd day, a group of bubbles form at the same place.

Important! The duration of the illness is approximately 2 weeks. One of the consequences of herpes zoster is inflammation of the nerve node or several nodes (inflammation of the ganglia).

Treatment of patients with chicken pox or shingles is carried out either in the inpatient department or at home. Therapy is based on the intake and use of antiviral drugs, immunostimulants, vitamins. With chickenpox, vesicles are lubricated with brilliant green or Fukortsin.

Herpes 4 types

Epstein Barr virus and Human herpes virus type 4 (EBV or EBV). Herpetic infection is the source of mononucleosis. The infection affects the nasopharynx, lymph nodes, spleen and liver. Formations can lead to cancerous formations. The consequences of the transferred Epstein Barr virus are also otitis media, sinusitis, damage to the heart muscles, inflammation of the liver and brain.

Ways of infection:

airborne;
domestic;
sexual contact (including oral caresses).

The maximum amount of the virus is released during breathing and coughing. Teenagers and young adults are most susceptible to this disease.

The duration of the period from the entry of the virus into the body for its first symptoms is from 5 days to 7 weeks.

Symptoms of mononucleosis:

hyperthermia (increased body temperature);
swelling, inflammation and pain in the nasopharynx and;
pain in muscles and joints;
tonsils covered with white coating;
the formation of vesicles on the skin and mucous membranes;
the level of lymphocytes in the blood increases.

Diagnosis of Human herpes virus type 4 is carried out using PCR. With a positive analysis, the patient is observed by 3 specialists (immunologist, infectious disease specialist and ENT).

The disease is able to pass on its own, but it is better not to wait for this moment, as complications may arise and undergo the necessary course of treatment. Therapy of mononucleosis with mild and moderate forms is carried out at home, but the patient is isolated from others. If the case is severe, then hospitalization will be required.

There is no specific treatment regimen for type 4 herpes. Therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms.

Herpes type 5

Herpesvirus 5 strain (Human herpesvirus 5, cytomegalovirus, HCMV-5) is characterized by hidden form. Symptoms are more pronounced when the immune system is weakened. Men may not be aware that they are carriers of HCMV-5 for a long time. The disease affects the liver, spleen, pancreas, central nervous system and eyes.

How infection occurs and how it is transmitted:

at breastfeeding(GW);
in the womb;
with blood;
with saliva (kiss);
during sexual intercourse.

The period of time from the entry of the pathogen into the body until the manifestation of primary symptoms is 60 days.

Signs of herpes type 5:

elevated temperature;
headaches, pain in the joints and in the larynx.

Important! Despite significant soreness, the tonsils and lymph nodes do not succumb to inflammation.

The real danger of the disease is for HIV-infected people, as well as organ transplant recipients, cancer patients and those taking cytostatic drugs.

Cytomegalovirus also has negative consequences for pregnant women. Expectant mothers can give birth to a child with congenital pathologies (dysfunction of the brain, hearing, vision, breathing and digestion, skin problems and retarded development). Possibly a stillbirth.

To identify or exclude the presence of cytomegalovirus in a pregnant woman, it is necessary to do an ultrasound of the blood flow in the vessels of the umbilical cord and uterus, determine a pathologically small amount of amniotic fluid, measure heart rate, detect fetal developmental delays and abnormal development of internal organs. It is also important to pass laboratory methods research (PCR, serological diagnostics).

The goal of treatment is to eliminate the symptoms of the disease, increase and correct immunity.

Herpes type 6

Herpesvirus 6 strain (HHV-6, HHV-6) is a DNA-containing virus.

There are 2 subtypes of HHV-6:

Subtype "A" (VGCh-6A). People with immunodeficiency are more susceptible to it. In adults, it leads to multiple sclerosis (a chronic autoimmune disease), chronic fatigue, dysfunctions of the nervous system and the progression of the virus.
Subtype "B" (VGCh-6B). Children are often exposed to this subtype. The disease progresses to roseola infantum (the sixth disease, pseudorubella).

Important! In the absence of proper treatment of both subtypes, disability and isolation from society are inevitable.

Signs and symptoms:

small rashes (which is unusual for other types, the rash is not necessarily accompanied by itching, but the disease can also occur in an atypical form);
hyperthermia;
lack of appetite;
apathy, depression;
irritability;
enlarged lymph nodes;
change in gait (unstability, lack of coordination, unsteadiness);
diarrhea or constipation;
dysfunction of the organs of vision;
problems with speaking;
sudden changes in mood;
distraction;
impaired perception and changes in sensitivity;
convulsions.

If at least once, then the virus remains for life in a latent form and does not manifest itself. Relapses are possible with a noticeable decrease in immunity, but without the manifestation of external signs.

How HHV-6 is transmitted:

most often infection occurs through saliva;
sometimes the source of transmission is the palatine tonsils (airborne);
with breastfeeding and in utero (the possibility is practically excluded);
even less chance of infection during medical intervention.

In order to diagnose diseases, in addition to the usual examination of a doctor and questions, it is important to undergo an examination. To do this, it is necessary to take a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, undergo serodiagnosis and a virus test.

It is impossible to get rid of herpesvirus 6 strain, the goal of therapy is to combat its manifestation. To do this, drugs with different pharmacological effects are used (corticosteroids, antioxidants, angioprotectors, antiherpetic drugs, antipyretics, immunostimulants).

Herpes type 7

Herpesvirus type 7 (HHV-7, HHV-7) - often occurs in parallel with the virus strain 6, moreover, they are very similar to each other. The virus infects T-lymphocytes and monocytes, which leads to CFS and the development of cancerous diseases of the lymphoid tissues.

How is it transmitted:

the main source is airborne (since the localization of HHV-7 is saliva);
rarely occurs infection through the blood.

The main differences between HHV-7 and HHV-6:

strain 7 virus is not transmitted in utero;
HHV-7 affects children at least one year old, and HHV-6 can make itself felt as early as 7 months after birth.

Symptoms:

temporary increase in temperature without rashes;
involuntary, paroxysmal muscle contraction;
inflammation of the brain and its membranes;
mononucleosis syndrome;
sudden exanthema or roseola infantum.

To identify the herpes virus type 7 in the body, it is necessary to undergo PCR diagnostics, ELISA, a test for the virus and make an immunogram.

Medical care is to deal with the symptoms that have manifested. To date, there are no specific drugs for the treatment of HHV-7.

Herpes type 8

Herpesvirus 8 strain (HHV-8, HHV-8, KSHV) - the last abbreviation is not a typo or an accident. These letters appeared from English literature, since there the disease is called Kaposhi Sarkoma Herpes Virus. The virus infects T- and B-lymphocytes, refers to DNA-containing viruses.

Virus 8 strain is transmitted in different ways:

sex with an infected person;
kiss;
blood (transplantation (engraftment) of organs or tissue sections, drug addicts are often infected when using one syringe);
a small percentage is given to infection in utero.

Important! The risk group includes people who have undergone organ transplantation, radiation, homosexuals and drug addicts.

For an infected person with normal immunity, HHV-8 is not dangerous and does not manifest itself in any way. Their negative sides he is able to "uncover" with a decrease in the body's defenses. HHV-8 provokes the appearance and development of Kaposi's Sarcoma, primary lymphoma and Castleman's disease.

Depending on what disease the patient has. There are also symptoms.

Kaposi's sarcoma. The place of localization is concentrated on the skin, lymph nodes, mucous membranes and internal organs. There are 4 types of the disease (classic, endemic, immunosuppressive, epidemic), each of them has its own characteristics.
primary lymphoma. Oncological disease that affects the central nervous system, serous membranes.
Multifocal Castellamne disease (MBD, angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia, multifocal lymph node hyperplasia, angiofollicular lymphoma). A rare type of cancer that is activated against the background of HIV infection. The virus infects the lungs, lymph nodes in the mesentery and subclavian lymph nodes.

As with other agents of herpes infection, there is also no specific treatment for HHV-8. Usually prescribed drug therapy with chemotherapy, radiation, cosmetic procedures (phototherapy), in rare cases - surgery.

Only an experienced specialist can correctly determine the type of viral disease, its etiology and prescribe treatment. Although to date, a drug against herpes infection has not yet been created, but pathology requires special attention. Timely detection of the virus in the body will help save a person from unpleasant symptoms and consequences.