How chlamydia is transmitted through everyday life. Chlamydia

"Is chlamydia transmitted anally and orally?" - you ask. Oh sure. Oral sex, especially rough, often causes damage to the mucous membranes of the throat and mouth. The disease is often spread by oral route. During anal sex, bacteria are localized in the rectum. The probability of infection during vaginal, oral and anal sex is the same.

With anal or oral infection, bacteria affect the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory organs, and significantly reduce immunity.

Chlamydia is also transmitted from mother to child during childbirth and in utero, while feeding with breast milk. With intrauterine infection, pathologies sometimes occur in the fetus, premature birth may begin, placenta exfoliate, and the probability of transmission in this way is high. When infected during childbirth, a child may experience urogenital chlamydia, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, inflammation of the colon. Chlamydia is also transmitted by airborne droplets in a special form of the disease through coughing and sneezing.

There are other good questions: “Is chlamydia transmitted through the household way?”, “Is chlamydia transmitted through a kiss?” and "Is chlamydia transmitted through a condom?". Chlamydia is transmitted by household means when using other people's hygiene products through microtraumas on the skin and mucous membranes.

This disease can be transmitted with clothes, bed linen, towels, napkins, washcloths, tooth and massage brushes, razors, sponges.

You can get infected while visiting public places such as bath, toilet. These microorganisms persist in the external environment for about two days, and on wet tissue for up to a week. They can also be transmitted through a kiss, though rarely - with microtrauma of the oral cavity, stomatitis, bleeding gums, dental diseases, wounds.

This infection is not transmitted through a condom if it is intact, used correctly and under normal conditions. The pores of the condom are too small for - the causative agent of the disease. Through other contraceptives, the microorganism freely passes, and the risk of infection increases. Without a condom, the risk of becoming infected from a carrier or a patient with a frequent change of partner is close to 100%. But you can get infected even with a condom.

• Firstly, if you became infected not through sexual contact, but through household contact;
• Secondly, with the extragenital type of chlamydia - when the pathogens settled not in the genitals, but on the mucous membrane of the eye, in the lungs (chlamydial pneumonia), nasopharynx, joints, hearing organs, vessel walls, heart. But getting infected with extragenitally transmitted chlamydia is a rarity.

One type of chlamydia is found in cats. In a cat, the mucous membranes of the eyes are affected, first one, then the other: the eyelids swell, discharge appears. In humans, chlamydia from cats, even if transmitted, is milder than feline chlamydia. Other animals (dogs, rodents, pigs) also have their own forms of the disease, but humans are extremely rarely infected with them.

The incubation period of chlamydia lasts up to a month, which means that an infected person can feel great all this time, only then symptoms appear. Sometimes the disease is asymptomatic. The disease occurs with the same frequency in both women and men, although the former are more susceptible to infection due to the anatomical structure of the body. Chlamydia in women is accompanied by:

• Yellow, mucopurulent, unpleasantly smelling discharge;
• Burning when urinating;
• Itching;
• An increase in body temperature;
• Pain in the lower back;
• Bloody discharge;
• nausea;
• Pain in the lower abdomen and in the pelvis.

Characterized by:

• Cutting, burning or itching in the urethra;
• Thick and cloudy urine;
• The presence of blood during ejaculation;
• The presence of blood in the urine;
• An increase in temperature;
• malaise;
• Inflammation in the testicles and their appendages;
• Violation of spermatogenesis;
• Decreased libido;
• Violation of sexual function.

With chlamydial conjunctivitis, redness of the eyes appears, with chlamydial pneumonia - cough and pneumonia, and conventional treatment does not help.

These signs are mild and may disappear suddenly. Usually, the symptoms cease to appear after 10-14 days, which means the transition of the disease to the chronic stage, and this can lead women to inflammation, adhesion formation, tube overgrowth, infertility, miscarriages, fetal death during pregnancy, cervical cancer. And in men to testicular tumors, inflammation, infertility, prostatitis, urethritis.

The longer you put off your visit to the doctor, the more the chance of complications increases.

In the absence of symptoms, a person may be unaware of the presence of the disease and infect their sexual partners. At least half of those infected with chlamydia do not know about it, which leads to the spread of infection. About 600 million people suffer from the disease. There are many more people infected with chlamydia than we think, because a trip to the doctor with mild or unexpressed symptoms is not made.

Women go to the doctor more often than men, so chlamydia is mainly detected in females. Moreover, this disease is in 60% of cases the cause of infertility, in 85% of miscarriages. In men, the disease is the cause of urethritis in 50% of cases, and infertility - in 30%.

The disease is diagnosed in the laboratory. In a microscopic examination, a scraping is taken from the cervix or from the urethra, the reliability of the results is 70%, therefore, the next step is to perform a serological analysis - sowing on nutrient media. If bacteria are found, an antibiogram is performed. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (detection of antibodies) is now not recommended for use; most often, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is performed, which allows you to detect the genetic material of bacteria, however, when chronic course and complications, this method is inaccurate, due to the absence of chlamydia in scrapings.

Treatment of the disease should be carried out by a doctor, since patients, after the start of treatment, cease to continue it due to the cessation of external manifestations. However, chlamydia remains in their body and acquires immunity to the antibiotic, which makes the task of a complete cure very difficult.

The basis of treatment is a combination of several antibiotics, before the appointment of which an antibiogram is performed - they find out which drugs kill the infection. An important factor in the treatment is to increase immunity, because antibiotics do not help without the presence of defensive reaction organism.

For this purpose, immunostimulants, vitamins, nootropics, and bioadditives are used. Enzyme preparations are also used to achieve a high concentration of antibiotics in infectious foci and to assist in the functioning of the liver and kidneys, which allows you to free the body of toxins and contribute to a speedy recovery. After the treatment course, the disease is re-diagnosed to exclude the possibility of chronicity or the presence of bacteria.

To avoid chlamydia, you must:

• Have a single sexual partner, be faithful to him;
• Use condoms;
• Observe intimate hygiene;
• Visit the dentist regularly and treat oral diseases immediately;
• Maintain immunity;
• News healthy lifestyle life;
• Eat properly;
• With a stormy sexual life, it is necessary to be examined in the laboratory a couple of times a year for sexually transmitted diseases;
• If a disease is detected, one should refrain from intimate relationships until the cure;
• If you suspect this infection, contact your doctor immediately - undergo an examination and begin treatment.

Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease. After a single sexual intercourse with a sick person, the probability of becoming infected in women is 40%, in men - 32%. If 1 partner from a pair is infected, then both are treated, without testing the second. 75% of affected women do not develop any symptoms.

infertility and ectopic pregnancy are caused by chlamydia, which can only be contracted through sexual contact, and not in a bathhouse or other place. Treatment of chlamydia is possible in 1 minute! (use the drug Sumamed). You can get sick with chlamydia many times. This disease sometimes leads to trachoma of the eyes, which can make a person blind.

Chlamydia occupies an intermediate position between viruses and bacteria. You can infect yourself with chlamydia if you touch your eye with dirty hands - the infection will pass from the genitals. From birds, you can also become infected with chlamydia (ornithosis). The disease is mentioned in the Old Testament, in the ancient medical collections of China and Egypt.

How is chlamydia transmitted and why is it so common? According to WHO, 100 million people in the world are infected every year. Infection does not depend on gender or age, but the disease has become more widespread among young people. And this is not surprising, since the main route of transmission is sexual. However, this type of infection spreads in other ways.

Ways of transmission and infection of chlamydia

Chlamydia is smaller than a bacterium, larger than a virus, and quite stable because it can stay in the environment for some time.

The development of chlamydia follows the following scenario:

The incubation period for infection is 2 to 4 weeks. Since the disease does not manifest itself for a long time and proceeds without clinical changes, a chronic form of chlamydia develops. In the same form - latent or latent, such a sexually transmitted disease as ureaplasmosis also occurs.

Chlamydia trachomatis affects the reproductive system of both men and women, due to which urogenital chlamydia develops - an infectious disease, the occurrence of which is possible only through sexual contact.

Infection is possible in different ways:

1. The sexual way is the main and most common. You can become infected through vaginal, oral or anal sex.
2. A domestic transmission route is also possible, since chlamydia is in the environment for a short period of time. Moreover, this microorganism is quite stable under the influence of external factors.
3. Infection is possible during pregnancy, but more often it occurs during childbirth, when the child comes out through the birth canal of the mother affected by the bacterium. A newborn is diagnosed with chlamydial conjunctivitis (50% of cases) or pneumonia. Infection at breastfeeding through milk is impossible.
4. In rare cases, chlamydia enters the body through airborne droplets.
5. Sometimes the bacterium is transmitted through a kiss, since saliva can contain many bacteria that are introduced into the internal environment through wounds in the mouth or mucous membranes with a weakened immune system.

The method of infection depends on several factors:

• how strong is the immune system;
• on the type of pathogen;
• on the duration of the existence of the microbe in the external environment.

The infection causes inflammation of the prostate, testicles, Bladder, infertility both in one and the other sex. When a woman is infected, the pregnancy can end in a miscarriage.

The number of complications increases with relapses of the disease (repeated infections).

Sexual contact

Unprotected sexual contact leads to infections in a healthy sexual partner, the risk of infection is 60%, which is a high rate. If the disease is asymptomatic and chronic, then the infected person continues to carry the infection if he has sexual intercourse without using a condom.

In the case when the tests showed a positive reaction to chlamydia in one of the spouses, the second should also be treated. During treatment, which lasts 1-2 months, it is advisable to abstain from sexual intercourse.

Recovery occurs if negative results are diagnosed during re-examination.

It is important to inform the public, and especially young people, about the dangers of unprotected sex, especially when changing partners frequently. There are two ways to avoid infection: stay loyal to one person or protect yourself using reliable means of protection. This applies to any STD.

Infection through sex unfamiliar people leads to the colonization of the body by bacteria in ¼ of the possible cases. The most susceptible to chlamydia are women, who are much easier to infect and get sick more often.

Even after treatment, the infection can persist in the body for some time, and with improper behavior or weakened immune defenses, a relapse is possible. Therefore, self-treatment, the use of dubious remedies for protection against chlamydia and turning to healers or healers is unacceptable. The disease is curable, you just need to contact an experienced specialist.

Oral

Oral sex sometimes causes infection. In what cases is there a possibility of such an outcome:

1. When one of the partners is infected, the other can become infected if a condom is not used.
2. The risk increases when there are wounds or microcracks on the oral mucosa through which pathogenic microorganisms enter the bloodstream.
3. There is a high probability of infection with weak immunity, then the bacteria freely penetrate through the mucous membranes.

But this route of transmission is not as common as through sexual contact.

anal-genital

This kind of sex has been known since ancient times, but it has always been condemned because the result was not procreation. Today (according to polls) it is popular among young people.

It is extremely difficult to protect yourself from chlamydia during anal-genital sexual contact, but there is a possibility. They penetrate the genitourinary system, where they develop vigorous activity. In this way, you can become infected with a variety of STIs.

Through saliva

Kissing is an important part love relationship. And the partners are not in danger if one of them is not a carrier of the infection, and he has no wounds in the oral cavity on the mucous membrane. Otherwise, infection is possible, but the percentage of such cases is not very high.

Not everyone is informed that it is possible to “catch” an unpleasant virus through a kiss. We are talking about a French kiss, when there is an exchange of saliva and contact of the mucous membranes.

After a romantic date, it is advisable to treat your mouth with furacilin, miramistin or other antiseptic, and an antibacterial rinse is also suitable.

Airborne

The airborne route is another possibility of infection, which occurs when air is inhaled. In diseases of the respiratory system, microorganisms are found in the air and mucus secreted by the sick carrier. There are two ways of transmission:

• drip, when the infection enters the environment with droplets of mucus when sneezing or coughing, which is possible with respiratory diseases;
• dusty, when the pathogen is in the dust and is viable for some time.

In this way, infection is possible, but extremely rare.

household route of infection

When using other people's personal hygiene items, a household way of transmitting chlamydia is possible. With such an attitude to hygiene, it is not difficult to encounter other infections. If the person whose items you use has wounds or injuries on the mucous membrane and is infected, then Chlamydia trachomatis will move into your body without problems.

The development of an unpleasant disease can also cause a harmless visit to the sauna or pool. A lot of chlamydia can accumulate in the aquatic environment, and therefore the likelihood of infection increases when taking water procedures. There is even such terminology as “pool conjunctivitis”.

But the household route of transmission remains quite rare, since units of chlamydia enter the body. With a strong immune system, infection in this situation will not occur.

Many animals are infected and sick with chlamydia, including cats, dogs, cattle (cattle). Infection with a microorganism causes the development various diseases internal organs and in some cases can be fatal.

But the most dangerous thing is that a person can become infected from animals by airborne droplets.

Methods of prevention are not much different from those for other sexually transmitted diseases: a permanent sexual partner, protected sex, personal hygiene products. The rules are simple, but by following them, you will protect yourself from an unpleasant infection that provokes a lot of other pathologies if you do not identify it in time.

The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis can be transmitted through saliva. But it should be noted that this possibility is almost exclusively theoretical. In medical practice, this route of infection transmission is observed in less than 1% of cases. The thing is that for the transmission of chlamydia through saliva, a number of conditions must be met, each of which in itself is quite rare.

Salivary transmission of chlamydia requires the following conditions:
1. the presence of an infection in the oral cavity;
2. high concentration of bacteria in saliva;
3. weakened immunity of the recipient ( infected person).

The presence of an infection in the oral cavity.

A typical place for the development and reproduction of chlamydia in human body is the mucous membrane of the urinary tract. The causative agent has a special affinity for the cells of the cylindrical epithelium and it affects other types of tissue relatively rarely. In particular, the epithelium of the oral cavity is practically unsuitable for the introduction of chlamydia. Somewhat more favorable conditions for their existence are in the throat and pharynx.

However, even with a suitable mucous membrane, chlamydia must enter the throat. This is possible only with orogenital contacts. But even in this case, bacteria are almost unable to be excreted from the pharynx with saliva, because the excretory ducts salivary glands located higher in the oral cavity. Saliva that enters the throat is swallowed.

There is a small chance of chlamydia getting into the oral cavity with generalized chlamydia, when the pathogen enters the bloodstream and spreads throughout the body through the vessels. However, only a few such cases have been described in the history of medicine.

High concentration of bacteria in saliva.

Chlamydia refers to infections that require a significant number of microorganisms to become infected. That is why the main route of transmission of the disease is unprotected sexual contact, when prolonged contact of the mucous membranes occurs. Saliva, one way or another, plays the role of a diluent, and a negligible amount of chlamydia can be excreted with it. In addition, saliva is not a favorable environment for the existence of these microorganisms.

Chlamydia in saliva cannot exist for a long time for the following reasons:

• a large amount of natural antibacterial substances in saliva;
• a large number of competing microbes in the oral cavity ( they inhibit the growth and development of chlamydia);
• cleansing saliva thanks to special cells in the oral mucosa.

Thus, the content in saliva of chlamydia in a concentration high enough for infection is an extremely rare case.

Weakened immunity of the recipient.

Each organism has its own immune system that protects it from pathogenic ( pathogenic) microorganisms. Given the fact that the oral cavity is not a normal environment for chlamydia, the immune system easily copes with the destruction of the infection. Infection is possible only under the condition that the protective resources of the body are greatly weakened by concomitant diseases or by taking certain medications. Only in this case, a small amount of chlamydia that have entered the oral cavity will be able to take root and multiply in the pharynx.

Thus, the theoretical possibility of transmission of chlamydia through saliva exists ( when kissing or with cutlery), but in practice the chances of infection by this method are close to zero.

Chlamydia is one of the many sexually transmitted diseases that is transmitted at high speed from one person to another and can cause severe complications in the form of infertility, impotence and other ailments. Although the disease is treatable, therapy is somewhat complicated by the almost complete absence of symptoms. The bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis affects approximately 8% of the world's population. Therefore, the issue of prevention is acute: chlamydia can cause serious complications, such as infertility, damage to internal organs.

How can you get chlamydia, are there factors that increase the risks, and is it possible to protect yourself from an unpleasant disease?

Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia, which can be transmitted in several ways.

1. The dominant is sexual. If a condom or some other means of preventing sexually transmitted diseases is not used, then the probability of infection is almost 100%
2. Household path. Through common items.
3. Vertical. From mother to child during pregnancy.

Expert opinion

Artem Sergeevich Rakov, venereologist, more than 10 years of experience

The main means of preventing chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, HIV and many other infectious diseases that are predominantly sexually transmitted is the use of a condom. Other methods: douching with antiseptics, the introduction of antimicrobial ointments before sexual intercourse, and others are much less effective.

Infection through a kiss

The environment of the oral cavity is not suitable for bacteria, so infections through a kiss are rare. Nevertheless, it is possible to pick up chlamydia in this way. For this, several conditions must be met:

• the original carrier of the infection has a severe form of the disease that has not been treated for years;
• there are a lot of bacteria in saliva (infection occurs through saliva);
• saliva is swallowed, and quickly.

Thus, infection with chlamydia through a kiss is possible, but only if certain factors are present.

During oral sex

The transmission mechanism of chlamydia is the same as in the case of a kiss, but the risk is higher, since the penis and vagina are the main habitat of microorganisms, respectively, their contact with the partner's mucosa is almost inevitable. In addition, there high probability the transition of chlamydia orally: from the mouth of the carrier of the infection to the genitals, in this situation the chances of developing the disease are very high. For this reason, during oral sex, as well as during classical contact, it is important to use a condom!

household way

Doctors do not take this method of transmission of chlamydia seriously, as the risk of infection is very low. The spread of the disease in this way usually occurs in the family when using the same dishes and other household items:

1. bed linen:
2. towels:
3. washcloths.

Another option is infection in common areas, such as swimming pools, beauty salons and toilets. However, the risk of this is also not very high, since such establishments regularly sanitize.

Sex in a condom

Yes, this is also possible. Of course, in most cases this happens when the contraceptive breaks. In such a situation, in fact, ordinary sexual contact occurs, which means that the risk of transmitting chlamydia is 65%. But violation of the rules for the use of rubber products can also lead to the spread of infection. For example, if you do not remove the protected member from the vagina within a few seconds after ejaculation, then the sperm may spill. In this case, infection is very likely. Also pay attention to the fact that even without breaking the rubber, chlamydia can be in the body of a partner due to microscopic violations of the structure of the product. This is especially true for cheap contraceptives bought in dubious places.

Through anal sex

Through the rectum, infection is more than possible, especially with intense sex, leading to ruptures of the rectum. Note that such contact usually infects the passive partner. The same applies to the classic sexual intercourse - the risk of infection is higher for the "receiving" side, that is, for a woman.

Through the blood

Theoretically, this option is possible, but this requires the ingestion of infected blood on the mucous membranes of a healthy person. Moreover, these same mucous membranes must be damaged. This can happen during a kiss if the gums bleed in the carrier of the infection (the risk is minimal). You are more likely to get chlamydia through the blood when using non-sterile used syringes. Summing up, let's say that it is possible to get this disease through the blood, but the probability of this is very small.

The cause of the disease and diagnosis in women

Women become infected more often than men: their genital tract during intercourse is more prone to microtrauma and bacteria penetration. Infection can also occur when using someone else's underwear and towels, non-compliance with hygiene rules, using shared baths, saunas, jacuzzis, etc.

Diagnosis of the disease is quite difficult. Usually, PCR research, the search for antibodies in blood samples, or the ELISA method are used. These are targeted studies that are rarely prescribed immediately at the first visit to the doctor. Usually, a smear is first taken from the vagina for the flora, and already when dysbiosis, some pathogenic bacteria, signs of inflammation, and other manifestations of infection are found in it, a wide range of tests is prescribed, incl. and chlamydia.

The cause of the disease and diagnosis in men

Men are also infected sexually. Less often, infection occurs by contact, due to the long urethra, which the bacterium cannot always overcome.
Diagnosis for chlamydia is carried out both with the help of serology (blood sampling) and after taking a mask from the urethra.
In advanced stages, other organs may be affected secondarily:

• joints;
• eyes;
• internal organs;
• middle and inner ear;
• teeth;
• peritoneum, etc.

Together with general analyzes blood, symptoms, other specific signs, an experienced doctor may suspect chlamydia.

The cause of the disease and diagnosis in children

Newborns get sick in a vertical way, that is, from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Infection is also possible at the time of childbirth, when the child passes through the birth canal. At an older age, infection occurs through a contact-household method, as a rule, in families where parents or other family members are infected.
Diagnosis is based on a general examination, a study of the anamnesis of relatives, as well as on the testimony of a serological blood test.

Expert opinion

Luvanova Arina Viktorovna, specialized in female sexually transmitted diseases

Important!
If chlamydia is found in someone from the household, everyone who lives with him should undergo a preventive course of treatment. Infection of a child with a sexually transmitted disease can potentially occur as a result of violence, so such cases should be carefully investigated.

Chlamydia as a cause of infertility

Chlamydia can penetrate into healthy cells of the fallopian tubes, uterus. This causes inflammation. Normal ciliated cells degenerate into scars, because of this, the egg cannot pass to the junction with the sperm and be fertilized. The longer the disease period, the more cells are affected by the bacterium. This means that the likelihood of infertility increases and it is more difficult to treat.
Men are also vulnerable to chlamydia as a factor in infertility. The reason for this is a decrease in the number of spermatozoa and changes in the very chemical structure of sperm (acidity, protein composition, etc.) due to the penetration of Chlamydia trachomatis into the prostate.

Risk aggravating factors

If the patient's body is weakened, the immune system does not work well, then the chance of successful development of chlamydia increases significantly. The fact is that the human body is quite “smart”. It perfectly recognizes hostile microorganisms and tries to suppress their activity with the help of its own defenses. If at the same time a person observes the necessary precautions and does not have constant contact with direct carriers of the disease, then the chance of becoming one of the cases of chlamydia is minimal.

Thus, factors that increase the risk of infection include the following:

• abuse of alcohol and tobacco;
• addiction;
• work with carriers of infection and their secretions (for example, in clinics);
• violation of the mode of life, including the lack of the necessary duration of sleep;
• malnutrition;
• lack of treatment for other infectious diseases.

Thus, any circumstances that reduce the body's defenses, combined with contact with carriers of the infection, can cause the development of chlamydia.

Prevention and prognosis

Very often, patients ask doctors the question of whether it is possible to become infected with chlamydia if the spouse is sick. The answer is purely positive - without observing security measures, the transmission of the infection will happen sooner or later, and this is inevitable. If the partner is constant, you use the same household items, then this gives chlamydia a significant chance to find another home.

To avoid this, you need to follow some security measures:

1. completely exclude unprotected sexual contacts, especially with unfamiliar partners;
2. diversify your diet with fruits and vegetables, as well as those foods that help strengthen immune system, for example fish;
3. develop a normal daily routine with a full night's sleep;
4. teach yourself to follow the rules of personal hygiene, including regular trips to the shower and timely washing of hands (several times a day);
5. once every six months, you should undergo preventive examinations (remember that chlamydia does not always show symptoms, so the onset of the disease can easily be missed);
6. when working with carriers of chlamydia and their secretions, use personal protective equipment.

To keep your entire family safe, teach your children about personal hygiene, teach them about water procedures, and explain why you can not use other people's towels and other items intended for personal use.

Chlamydia spreads quickly but is secretive. Thus, infection with the disease and its development in case of violations of the rules of prevention is a matter of time. Remember that the ways of infection are not only in sex, but also in simple household contacts. However, the probability of this is not very high, simple preventive measures can protect you and your family from chlamydia!

You can also watch this video, where a specialist explains how to avoid chlamydia infection.

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection among the population. Many have heard about him and probably wondered how you can get chlamydia. According to official statistics alone, about 100 million people are infected with this infection every year.

It is essential to know how pathogens are transmitted in order to prevent infection. The insidiousness of the disease is that chlamydia, especially in the first time after infection, often does not show any symptoms. This is just one of the reasons contributing to the further spread of chlamydia.

Symptoms and signs of chlamydia

The disease manifests itself after the incubation period, which is about 7-30 days from the moment of infection. Symptoms of the most common urogenital chlamydia are as follows.

be careful

Among women: pain and inflammation of the ovaries. Fibroma, myoma, fibrocystic mastopathy, inflammation of the adrenal glands, bladder and kidneys develop. As well as heart disease and cancer.

If a woman is infected, then this:

• discharge from the genital tract;
• burning sensation and pain when urinating;
• sometimes cloudy urine mixed with mucus or pus;
• pain in the pelvic or lower back;
• febrile syndrome;
• general malaise.

In sick men, chlamydia is manifested by similar phenomena in the form of:

• painful urination;
• burning in the urethra;
• the appearance of cloudy urine with an admixture of blood or vitreous secretions;
• an increase in temperature and a general deterioration in well-being.

Often, these symptoms are short-lived and disappear on their own, without treatment, after a few days. But the apparent well-being is extremely deceptive - chlamydia are transmitted to a healthy partner and secretly carry out destructive activities in the body of an already sick person.

The once subtle symptoms of chlamydia can manifest themselves years later with chronic diseases of the internal organs and immune disorders.

Ways of transmission of infection

Sexual contact

Like other sexually transmitted infections, urogenital chlamydia is transmitted through various types unprotected sexual contact. Women are more susceptible to chlamydia.

Careless attitude to one's health, casual relationships, unprotected sexual intercourse with an unfamiliar partner, asymptomatic carriage of the infection - all this leads to the further spread of chlamydia.

Clinical signs are often blurred, minimal. Chlamydia, targeting the epithelium, cause inflammation of the mucous membranes of the genital tract and lead to severe complications. Therefore, it is so important to contact a medical specialist in a timely manner and undergo an examination if necessary.

As a rule, the frequency of detection of chlamydia in a smear is low. According to the results of the smear, it is often possible to identify the inflammatory process and only suspect the presence of infection.

For laboratory diagnosis of chlamydial infection, which is often combined with other sexually transmitted infections, the preferred method is PCR (polymerase chain reaction) as almost 100% highly accurate and specific.

Considering how common chlamydia is, how the infection is transmitted, when chlamydia is detected, it is necessary to treat both partners, as well as to protect households, especially children, from the contact route of transmission.

Oral

The oral route of transmission is more often associated with oral sexual contact with an infected partner, less often infection occurs in everyday life - for example, many are afraid of such a phenomenon as domestic chlamydia.

Based on this, by excluding the general use of personal hygiene items, it is elementary to stop such a transmission path. cutting common dishes, a toothbrush. The presence of wounds in the mouth will make it easier for chlamydia to penetrate the mucous membrane. With oral-genital contact, the likelihood of infection is higher, again, in women.

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At first, the infected person experiences nasal congestion. Inflammation passes the soft palate, the back of the pharynx, the soft palate and is accompanied by the formation of thick mucus with an extremely unpleasant "fishy" odor. The process can spread to the entire oral cavity, white thick mucus is visible on the tongue. The inflamed tissue is swollen, painful, with painful abrasions, but not reddened. Rarely, an infection can even masquerade as symptoms of bronchial asthma.

In the case of blurred clinical symptoms, everything can be limited to the short-term appearance of painful rashes in the mouth, burning sensations, which a person can completely forget about.
Of course, in difficult cases, only a specialist can understand the causes and make the correct diagnosis. To do this, sometimes it is necessary to exclude such a disease as chlamydia of the nasopharynx and oral cavity.

anal-genital

With anal-genital contact without a condom, the risk of contracting any infection, including chlamydia, is very high. Microdamage of the rectal mucosa is a direct gate for the penetration of chlamydia. More often in such cases, a woman becomes infected, or a passive partner.

First of all, the rectum is exposed to infection - the so-called chlamydial proctitis develops. It often occurs with minimal symptoms. Usually it is pain in the rectum, itching and discharge from it, which disappear even without treatment in a week or two. But this apparent well-being is dangerous, because chlamydia simply goes into a hidden chronic form and continues to expand.

Years later, the infection will manifest itself in the form of chronic diseases of internal organs, joints, and blood vessels. One of the most severe complications of a chronic infection is Reiter's syndrome - a triad ("three") of symptoms, which includes damage to the eyes, joints and urethra at the same time.

Through saliva

Knowing how widespread chlamydia is, the routes of transmission and the likelihood of sexual infections are of great importance today. Many people are concerned about whether chlamydia is transmitted by household means, for example, through the saliva of a sick person.

The probability of infection is minimal and it refers rather not to household transmission, but again, to oral-genital contacts. Saliva is not a favorable environment for chlamydia, their concentration in it is negligible. Even in the case of chlamydia of the pharynx, microorganisms practically do not enter the saliva, since the excretory ducts of the salivary glands are higher.

In exceptional cases, it is possible to become infected with chlamydia through saliva when three things coincide: the presence of an extensive process in the patient's oral cavity, a significant concentration of bacteria in saliva, and low immunity of the person to whom chlamydia can be transmitted. Thus, it is possible, but very unlikely, to become infected by kissing or sharing utensils.

Airborne

Chlamydia, transmitted by airborne droplets, is not such a rare occurrence. Respiratory chlamydia is caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae. Less common species - Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia felis, which are transmitted from sick birds and animals. The causative agent of urogenital chlamydia, as a rule, does not cause respiratory diseases.

As an exception, it is possible to infect a child from a mother with urogenital chlamydia during childbirth - then, when amniotic fluid is swallowed, the child develops a respiratory syndrome.

The mechanism of infection is similar to any other airborne infection.
Microorganisms in the form of aerosols are excreted from the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract of a sick person during coughing, sneezing. In particles of sputum, they can persist in the external environment for several days. Having penetrated the respiratory tract of a healthy person, chlamydia begin to multiply on the mucous membrane, causing chlamydial bronchitis, pneumonia.

The spread of infection by airborne droplets is favored by a decrease in the immune forces of the body and poor ventilation of the room where there is supposedly a patient or carrier of the infection.

Contact household

Infection occurs through close household contact, family members get sick when using common washcloths, towels, sponges, and other personal hygiene items, which, when infected secretions come into contact with them, become an excellent environment for the existence of chlamydia. Despite the many possibilities of infection in everyday life, the contact-household route is quite rare.

Based on this, by excluding the general use of personal hygiene items, it is elementary to stop such a transmission path.

Knowing how chlamydia is contracted gives everyone the opportunity to take steps to avoid infection. By eliminating any unprotected sex with an unfamiliar partner, casual sex without using a condom, you will protect yourself and possibly your loved ones from the serious consequences of chlamydia. And basic personal hygiene will save you from the possible transmission of the disease in everyday life. Do not forget about strengthening the immune forces of the body, good nutrition and daily routine.

All these long-known, but therefore not ceased to be relevant, techniques will help preserve the most valuable thing - your health.