How many days per month can you get pregnant. On which days of the cycle you can not get pregnant? What day of the cycle is the most likely to get pregnant?

The conception of a baby is possible only during the period when the mature egg leaves the ovary and is waiting for its fusion with the sperm. Women who want to get pregnant look forward to "that very day", while others, on the contrary, refrain from sexual intercourse at this time. But, if the day of the intended conception is incorrectly determined or missed, is pregnancy possible, and how long does the maximum fertility of the woman remain.

Fertilization is the process of fusion of a mature egg with a spermatozoon, as a result of which a zygote is formed that carries the genetic information of both parents.

Accordingly, conception occurs when there is a mature woman in the body, which develops in the ovarian follicle from 10 to 18 days.

After this period, it leaves the cavity of the ruptured follicle, ready for fertilization. The process of release of a mature egg is called ovulation.

For reference: the timing of the maturation of the follicle is individual and depends on the duration of the menstrual cycle. In 80% of women with a 28 day cycle, the release of the egg occurs on day 14.

Main features

How many days after ovulation can you get pregnant?

The probability of successful conception is determined by two factors: the presence of fertile, viable sperm in a man and a mature egg in a woman.

Since spermatozoa retain their vital activity for up to a week, conception is possible during sexual intercourse that occurred 7 days before the release of the finished egg, and within 2 days after it.

The most successful period for fertilization is the day of ovulation, the day before and after it. At this time, changes occur in the woman's body that are favorable for the passage of spermatozoa into: the consistency of the cervical mucus decreases, and the elasticity of the vaginal walls increases.

What cycle days are possible?

The life span of a mature egg lasts up to 24 hours, respectively, the fertilization process itself takes place within a day. However, this does not mean that it should take place on this particular day.

Fertility of spermatozoa can last up to 5 days, and, according to some researchers, up to a week. Therefore, sexual intercourse even a week before the expected ovulation may well end in conception.

Based on these data, a calendar method of contraception has been developed, through which it is possible to determine.

Important: the definition of fertile days is individual for each woman and depends on the length of her menstrual cycle.

Rules for calculating fertile days:

Track the duration of three menstrual cycles.
Subtract 11 from the number of days in the longest cycle.
Subtract 20 from the number of days in the shortest cycle.
The numbers that are in the range of the obtained values are the days on which conception is possible.

For example: the duration of the maximum menstrual cycle is 31 days, and the short one is 29. Thus, 29 - 20 = 9; 31 - 11 \u003d 20. This means that from the 9th to the 20th day from the onset of menstruation, unprotected sexual intercourse may well end in pregnancy.

The probability of fertilization in a day

If the terms of probable conception before ovulation stretch for a week and are explained by the viability of spermatozoa, then after it, fertilization is possible up to 2 days, which is exactly how much a mature egg can live in a successful scenario.

In addition, on the first day after ovulation, maximum fertility is determined.

In the female body at this time, favorable conditions are created for the penetration of spermatozoa into the egg, thanks to which the male germ cells reach their goal within 2 hours after entering the vagina.

A week later

Pregnancy a week after ovulation is impossible due to a number of physiological factors:

A mature egg cell lives no more than 2 days.
The maturation and release of the egg in the menstrual cycle occurs only once.
The process of fertilization is impossible without an egg.

Conception a week after a woman's intended ovulation can only be explained by a menstrual cycle failure. That is, the release of the egg from the ovarian follicle occurred somewhat later.

Possible reasons for the violation of the timing of egg maturation:

Irregularity of the menstrual cycle.
Hormonal disbalance.
Medical therapy.
stress factors.

Doesn't always give accurate results. An error of up to three days is allowed, which also gives reason to believe that conception is possible a week after the maturation of the egg.

How long is the chance?

Theoretically, fertilization can occur only with a viable female gamete, which persists for a day after leaving the follicle. But in fact, conception is quite likely even a few days after the supposed release of the egg.

This factor is due to inaccuracy. All home methods, even in cumulative use, can give some error, on average, up to 3 days. The exact date the release of the egg can only be determined by ultrasound.

How to conceive a child with maximum chances?

Precise definition The dates of maximum fertility are important for women planning a pregnancy.

Sexual intercourse on an "auspicious day" significantly increases the chances of conception.

Fertilization is possible if intercourse occurs within 48 hours after the release of the egg.

Feature: the optimal frequency of sexual intercourse on fertile days should be every 2 days. With more frequent contacts, the viability of spermatozoa decreases.

You should not despair in the absence of coitus on the day of ovulation. Conception is possible within 2 days. However, on day 3, the probability of fertilization is almost zero.

When to do the test?

The test determines the presence of pregnancy by the concentration in the urine of a woman. The level of hCG begins to increase from the moment the ovum enters the uterus, which occurs on the 5th day after fertilization.

About 10 days after conception, highly sensitive pregnancy tests begin to respond to elevated level HCG in the body of a pregnant woman by the appearance of a second test strip.

Attention: it should be borne in mind that the probability of determining pregnancy by tests is 90%. The possibility of error cannot be ruled out.

On the 14th day after fertilization, even tests with medium sensitivity determine pregnancy.

How not to get pregnant?

If sexual intercourse is within 5 days, and the birth of a baby was not part of the woman’s plans at all, it is recommended to resort to emergency contraception measures. For this purpose, you should take medicines:

Levonorgestrel.
Postinor.
Escapelle.

These drugs inhibit fertilization and prevent implantation of the zygote. They should be taken no later than 3 days after unwanted sexual intercourse.

To prevent the onset of an unwanted pregnancy, the partner must refrain from unprotected sexual intercourse using contraceptive methods for 4 to 5 days after the expected ovulation.

Pregnancy with unprotected intercourse after ovulation is likely if coition occurs within 2 days after the release of the egg. In order to avoid unwanted pregnancy on fertile days, it is recommended to use contraceptive methods.

For couples wishing to conceive a baby, "planning" should begin 5 days before the final maturation of the egg, maintaining a gap of 48 hours between sexual contacts, to preserve sperm fertility.

So, during each menstrual cycle in a woman's ovaries. She leaves the ovary and begins to move along the fallopian tube towards the uterine cavity. If at this time it meets with a sperm, fertilization occurs and further, if favorable, pregnancy. If such a meeting does not occur, the egg dies. Oddly enough, even knowing the general pattern of pregnancy, many men and women have absolutely no idea when sex is without consequences.

Get it done in 48 hours

You will be surprised, but the egg retains the possibility of fertilization for only two days from the moment it leaves the ovary. If during this period you do not meet with a spermatozoon, there can be no talk of any pregnancy. Simply put, a woman is able to conceive an extremely short period of time. These most “dangerous days”, as they are commonly called, are ovulation or the middle of the menstrual cycle. Sexual contact during the release of the egg and the next two days is the most dangerous in terms of possibility. A logical question arises, why then should contraception be used with every sexual contact? Everything is simple. Despite the fact that the life span of the egg is very short, the situation is influenced by many indirect factors, which are not always taken into account.

Before and after

Firstly, not every woman's menstrual cycle is regular and works like clockwork. The hormonal background can change due to moving to another region, illness or severe stress, and all this automatically shifts the menstrual cycle up or down. So it turns out that even with a regular cycle and a predicted date of ovulation, you can miscalculate and not get into a safe period.

Another factor that must be taken into account is the ability of spermatozoa to maintain their viability inside a woman's body for several days after intercourse. That is, you can have sex even on quite safe days, and the male reproductive cells will simply wait for the release of the egg already in place. That is why gynecologists recommend the most careful protection 4-5 days before the expected start of ovulation and another 3-4 days after - just in case. After all, it also happens that you expect the middle of the cycle one day, and it comes a little later.

But about a week after ovulation, the safest days for conception begin. The egg, whenever it leaves the ovary, has already died, so the sperm simply have nothing to fertilize. Before the onset of menstruation, during it and 2-3 days after, you can have sex without fear.

The fair sex, on the one hand, is easy to get pregnant, but on the other, it is difficult. Why is there such a duality? Let's turn to physiology. The woman in reproductive age ovulation occurs every month around the middle of the cycle. This term refers to the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This process takes only 1-2 days.

Many people, after reading the text written above, will probably think that getting pregnant is very simple - you just need to calculate the day of ovulation, and before and after it, have sex with your partner. However, everything is not as simple as it seems. If it was possible to get pregnant strictly in the middle of the cycle, then there would be no unwanted pregnancies and women who dream of a child, but cannot get pregnant for some reason.

We are sorry for women who have chosen the calendar method of contraception and refused other means of protection (condoms, various drugs), because there are no absolutely safe days. You can get pregnant at any time. It is only necessary to take into account that on some days the chances of conceiving a baby are great, while on other days they are significantly reduced. There are no periods with zero probability.

A relatively “safe” time can be considered a couple of days before menstruation and a couple of days after them. To calculate "dangerous" days, you need to know the duration of the menstrual cycle. It must be stable - this is the main condition.

With a 28-30-day menstrual cycle, the highest chances of conception occur on the 14-15th day, since ovulation occurs around this time. Deviations are also possible for a number of reasons: due to nervous breakdowns, stress, the presence of diseases, the use of drugs.

How to calculate without errors what days you can get pregnant?

Calculating the days on which you can conceive a child is not so simple. To do this, you need to analyze the entire menstrual cycle, taking data for the last 6-12 months. If hormonal contraceptives were used at that time, the calculation results may be incorrect.

In order not to forget what days menstruation occurs, you should create a special calendar. If the menstrual cycle is not regular, then it will not work to determine which days you can get pregnant. It is best in such cases to use other methods of calculating favorable periods for conception.

If minor deviations are observed during the studied time period, then the following step-by-step calculation can be made:

Select the longest and shortest menstrual cycles for 6-12 months;
Subtract the number 18 from the number of days of a short cycle. The result obtained is the day from which the period with a high probability of becoming pregnant begins. For example, the shortest cycle is 25 days. Subtracting 18, we end up with the number 7. This means that the favorable period for conception begins from the 7th day of the menstrual cycle;
Subtract the number 11 from the number of days of the longest period. The result obtained is the day on which the period with a high probability of becoming pregnant ends. For example, the longest cycle is 29 days. Subtracting 11, we get the number 18. Thus, on the 18th day of the menstrual cycle, the favorable period for conception ends;

From this example, it can be seen that the highest probability of becoming pregnant remains in the period from the 7th to the 18th day.

Table of favorable days for conception:

Is it possible to conceive before menstruation?

An unequivocal answer to this question cannot be given. Conception may or may not occur. First, let's see why the above question can be answered in the negative.

As you know, ovulation occurs in the middle of the cycle. Before the onset of menstruation, the egg dies. If ovulation occurs much later or repeatedly, then an interesting situation may not occur, since the woman's hormonal background will be set to a new cycle.

Now we will explain why conception can occur before menstruation. In healthy women who have an irregular sex life, the chance of getting pregnant is quite high. Conception can occur after any sexual intercourse.

The body can react to such a rare event with unscheduled ovulation. It can also be provoked by substances contained in semen. Women who regularly have sex with a regular partner may not experience this.

Is it possible to conceive during menstruation?

Pregnancy during the first days of menstruation is unlikely. This is due to the unfavorable environment for spermatozoa and for embryo implantation ( copious excretion blood). However, "surprises" from nature should not be ruled out.

Conception in an unfavorable period can occur in the following cases:

with prolonged menstruation (for example, less than a week may remain before ovulation, and then the sperm will wait for the release of a mature egg);
due to menstrual irregularities due to diseases, infections, physical activity, stress;
with an incorrect calculation of the period of safe sex (due to the irregularity of the menstrual cycle).

Is it possible to conceive immediately after menstruation?

Many representatives of the fair sex claim that it is impossible to get pregnant within a few days after the end of menstruation. Doctors do not adhere to this point of view. They warn that at any time you can get pregnant.

Spermatozoa entering the female reproductive tract can remain viable and active for several days. If the menstrual cycle is short and the periods are long, then the chances of getting pregnant will be high. Sexual intercourse can just take place during the most favorable days for conception.

Pregnancy immediately after menstruation can occur for the following reasons:

due to the ability of spermatozoa to maintain their activity for several days;
due to the maturation of several eggs in one menstrual cycle;
due to the timing of ovulation. It can happen not in the middle of the menstrual cycle, but much earlier or later. The "culprit" of such disorders in young girls is the irregularity of the menstrual cycle, and in adult women - hormonal abnormalities.

Based on this, we can say that the calendar method is not a reliable means of contraception. For some women, it is not suitable at all.

What period is most likely to become pregnant: ways to determine

You can calculate the most favorable days for conception not only using the calendar method. There are several other more efficient ways:

Determination of basal temperature;
Conducting ovulation tests;
folliculometry;
Subjective feelings.

Determination of basal temperature

To calculate the period when the probability of conceiving a child is high, it is necessary to measure from the beginning of the menstrual cycle (from the 1st day of menstruation) every morning after waking up. basal body temperature in the anus.

Errors can occur for several reasons:

due to overwork or illness (during such periods, the temperature is always elevated);
if a lot of alcohol was drunk before the measurement;
due to taking certain medications;
if sexual intercourse occurred 6 hours (or less) before the measurement;
due to lack of sleep.

Based on the measured data, a graph should be drawn up, which can be supplemented daily with new results. In the first half of the menstrual cycle, the temperature ranges from 36.6 to 36.9 degrees. It rises above 37 degrees after the release of a mature egg.

You can find out when ovulation occurs if you carefully study the schedule. On days 12-16, the basal temperature may slightly decrease. This will herald the onset of ovulation in the coming hours. That's when you can get pregnant. At this time, women who dream of a baby should have sex.

Conducting ovulation tests

Modern and more accurate means of determining the release of an egg are ovulation tests. They even look like tests with which you can find out about pregnancy. The result is shown as 2 bars. The difference between the tests is only in the reagents. For example, ovulation-determining products contain a substance that responds to the presence of luteinizing hormone (LH), the level of which in the body rises 23-36 hours before ovulation.

In order not to miss the long-awaited event, you need to do tests every day and at the same time. After ovulation, the LH level drops significantly, and then the strips begin to show a negative result. Manufacturers that produce ovulation tests put several strips in the package. Due to this, this method of determining favorable days for conception is the most justified and convenient.

Folliculometry

Diagnosing the period in which you can get pregnant is very simple. using ultrasound(ultrasound). This method cannot be called economical. It is suitable for those women who want to conceive a child, but they can’t do it.

It is recommended to visit the ultrasound room from the 10th day after the start of the last menstruation. Within a few days, the doctor will evaluate the height dominant follicle in the ovary. When it reaches a size of 18-24 mm in diameter, an egg ready for fertilization will come out of it. The formation of the follicle may not lead to ovulation. It may not break, but regress. Such cases are rare, but they do occur in real life.

The main signs of the onset of a favorable period for conception, which a medical worker sees on a monitor during an ultrasound scan, are a corpus luteum located in the ovary without a dominant follicle, as well as a little fluid behind the uterus.

The quality of the endometrium affects the onset of pregnancy. It is known that an egg fertilized by a sperm must be implanted in the uterine wall for subsequent development. If by the time of ovulation the endometrium does not reach a certain thickness, then pregnancy will not occur, since the fertilized egg will not be able to attach to the uterus and will die.

While some couples dream of seeing two cherished stripes on the test, others are trying in every way to avoid undesirable consequences. Both in the first and in the second case, it is important to know that there are favorable and unfavorable days for conception. What are these days? How to calculate them? What do doctors think about this? Read our article!

What days can you not get pregnant?

To make it easier to determine "safe" days, it is worth decomposing the menstrual cycle into several phases:

Before menstruation: during this period, the level of progesterone and estrogen falls. The endometrium is preparing for detachment - the likelihood that the fetal egg will be able to gain a foothold and pregnancy will occur is extremely small. Immediately before the onset of menstruation, the egg dies without being fertilized, and then comes out along with the menstrual blood.
During menstruation: The first day of the cycle is also not the most favorable time for conception. The hormone levels of progesterone and estrogen are still too low. The egg has just begun to mature and, due to its size, it is not ready for fertilization.
Immediately after menstruation: an ovum It's been maturing for some time now and getting ready to go. If the cycle is about three weeks, then ovulation occurs already 7-10 days after the start of menstruation. If the cycle lasts longer, then ovulation occurs around day 14. The chance of conception is greatly increased.

Note! Even if you only have sex on "safe" days, this will not give you a 100% guarantee that an unwanted pregnancy will not occur. This is just an auxiliary technique for calculating the cycle.

How to calculate safe days not to get pregnant?

There are three techniques for calculating days unsuitable for conception:

- by calendar/app

The method is based on the use of a menstrual cycle calculator. They can be used online or downloaded to your smartphone. This is a very convenient application for those who monitor their own health. In the program, you must specify the average duration of the cycle, as well as the duration of menstrual bleeding. As a result of simple calculations, the program will give you the most favorable and unfavorable days for conception.

Reference! by the most best apps"Flo", "Clue", "Eve", "Pink" are considered to track the menstrual cycle Pad" and "Period tracker".

- using temperature measurements

Measurement of basal temperature is most often used to detect ovulation. This is a long and painstaking process that takes three to four cycles.

To do this, you need to measure your basal body temperature every day at the same time with a rectal thermometer and record the data in a special calendar. To get the most reliable information, adhere to the following rules:

Measure the temperature in the morning, immediately after waking up - without getting out of bed.
Write down the received data every day, connecting the numbers with a line. This way you will get a line graph with a dimple (temperature drop) approximately in the center.
Build the schedule of the next month over the previous one, and so on for 3-4 cycles.

Check the data obtained: in each of the graphs there is a recess on day 1, and these "pits" approximately coincide with each other - this day is ovulation. That is - the most favorable day for conception.

Note! Despite the effectiveness of the methodology for measuring basal temperature, the data can be distorted by the current illness or the use of hormonal drugs.

- using the cervical method

This is the scientific name for a technique that involves tracking vaginal mucus. Depending on the quantity and quality of secretions, you can calculate the days when the probability of conception is greatest, or, conversely, is extremely small.

meager discharge: observed in the period from the 18th day of the cycle to the first day of menstruation, provided that the girl does not have gynecological diseases.
Thick, sticky mucus: is released in the period from 10 to 17 days of menstruation, and indicates the onset of ovulation.

What days after menstruation can not get pregnant?

If you know how many days your cycle lasts, you can calculate which days after your period are the safest to have sex:

Cycle 21 days (3 weeks): the probability of conception is extremely small in the period from 10 to 21 days.
Cycle 28 days (4 weeks): most safe time- the period from 18 to 28 days.
Cycle 35 days (5 weeks): The lowest chance of pregnancy in the first 14 days of the cycle, as well as in the period from 25 to 35 days.

Conclusion

All of the above methods are effective and convenient in their own way. However, none of them gives you a guarantee of security. These are just ways to track the cycle yourself, in which misfires and miscalculations are possible. If you do not want to know about your unwanted pregnancy - use contraceptives.

Specially for- Elena Kichak

Sooner or later in the life of every girl there comes a period when it is necessary to calculate the days that are the safest for having sex. Pregnancy should always be planned and expected, and to avoid unpleasant consequences you should know when you can safely indulge in love pleasures.

Ovulation rules the show!

A woman is able to become pregnant as a result of a complex process called ovulation.

It takes place monthly, on certain days - and it is then that the egg is as ready as possible to meet with spermatozoa. As a rule, the duration of the ovulation process does not exceed 1-2 days, and it is this time that is considered the most dangerous for unprotected sex. However, you should be aware that even most thorough and accurate ovulation counting does not give a 100% guarantee that pregnancy will not occur.

The more accurate and constant the woman's menstrual cycle is, the more effective the calculation of ovulation will be. To determine the hour X, you should not be lazy and keep a calendar, in which for at least six months it is necessary to mark the days of menstruation.

How not to get pregnant after menstruation?

The safest for unprotected sex is 1-2 days before ovulation, and the same amount of time immediately after it.

But, as practice shows, even healthy woman with accurate cycle able to get pregnant on any of his days. It's just that certain periods are considered the least dangerous for sex, while others are most conducive to conception.

Formula for determining the least "dangerous" days

If the menstrual cycle is not stable, experts recommend using a simple formula to determine the least dangerous days. However, this again requires a calendar with marked "critical" days.

From the entire time period, you should choose the shortest and longest cycles.
You need to subtract 18 from the short one - you get the most dangerous day for an unwanted pregnancy.
Now subtract 11 from the longest cycle - this one will be day of the end of the period dangerous for conception .

Risk of conception before, during and after menstruation

And also many are interested in the question of possible conception in the days preceding or following immediately after menstruation.

premenstrual period

A couple of days before the onset of menstruation, the processes of rejection of the endometrium are activated, which are then released along with the blood with the onset of menstruation.

As a rule, the endometrium is rejected along with the egg, without which conception is basically impossible. During this period, the probability of attaching an egg to the wall of the uterus is very low, which, in turn, significantly reduces the risk of conception . And even with repeated ovulation, the hormonal background of a woman during this period is such that the possibility of pregnancy is extremely low.

However, as always, even during this safe period, exceptions are possible. The women whose sex life is not regular, can become pregnant 2-3 days before the onset of menstruation. And, on the contrary, with a stable cycle and regular sex life, this risk is practically reduced to zero.

menstrual period

During menstruation, the chance of getting pregnant is small, however, in this case, "surprises" are also possible.

With prolonged menstruation, spermatozoa can take advantage of the onset of ovulation. If menstruation does not differ with enviable regularity and begins unexpectedly for a woman, all calculations are automatically canceled.

Postmenstrual period

After the completion of menstruation, the prerequisites for conception are the most insignificant, but the possibility of pregnancy cannot be completely ruled out.

The fact is that the viability of spermatozoa lasts up to seven days, and with a short menstruation, they have every chance to safely "survive" until the onset of ovulation.

On what days after menstruation is it impossible to get pregnant?

In an attempt to secure sexual intercourse as much as possible, many seek to calculate the most favorable days for this.

Even with the most accurate and regular cycle, a healthy woman can experience unexpected misfires: hormonal failure, the presence of a favorable environment for the life of spermatozoa, in which their activity lasts up to ten days.

Absolutely safe days

Yes, there are days that are absolutely safe for having sex.

We are talking about anovulatory cycles, which are extremely rare in women - no more than 1-2 times a year. During this period, there is no ovulation at all, and you can not be afraid to get pregnant.

However, it is very difficult to calculate these “magic” days: it is necessary to constantly measure basal temperature and record these data, regularly conduct folliculometry or conduct expensive ovulation tests. In practice, these methods are not so easy to implement.

conclusions

When choosing the method of counting safe days as the only method of contraception, one should be prepared for the fact that at some point it may fail, and then pregnancy will occur.