Walk for health shallow breathing. Respiratory disorders

Incorrect breathing rate: breathing is either excessively rapid (at the same time it becomes superficial, that is, it has very short inhalations and exhalations) or, on the contrary, is greatly reduced (often it becomes very deep).
Violation of the rhythm of breathing: the time intervals between inhalations and exhalations are different, sometimes breathing can stop for a few seconds / minutes, and then reappear.
Lack of consciousness: not directly related to respiratory failure, but most forms of respiratory failure occur when the patient is in an extremely serious condition, in an unconscious state.

Forms

There are the following forms of respiratory failure associated with damage to various areas of the brain (a person, as a rule, is in an unconscious state):

Cheyne-Stokes breathing - breathing consists of peculiar cycles. Against the background of a short-term lack of breathing, signs of shallow breathing begin to appear very slowly, then the amplitude of respiratory movements increases, they become deeper, reach a peak, and then gradually fade to a complete lack of breathing. Periods of no breathing between such cycles can be from 20 seconds to 2-3 minutes. Most often, this form of respiratory failure is associated with bilateral damage to the cerebral hemispheres or a general metabolic disorder in the body;
apneustic breathing - breathing is characterized by a spasm of the respiratory muscles with a full breath. Respiratory rate may be normal or slightly reduced. Having fully inhaled, a person convulsively holds his breath for 2-3 seconds, and then slowly exhales. It is a sign of damage to the brain stem (the area of \u200b\u200bthe brain in which vital centers are located, including the respiratory center);
atactic breathing (Biot's breathing) - characterized by disordered respiratory movements. Deep breaths are randomly replaced by shallow ones, there are irregular pauses with no breathing. It is also a sign of damage to the brain stem, or rather its back;
neurogenic (central) hyperventilation - very deep and frequent breathing with an increased frequency (25-60 breaths per minute). It is a sign of damage to the midbrain (a region of the brain located between the brain stem and its hemispheres);
Kussmaul breathing - rare and deep, noisy breathing. Most often, it is a sign of a metabolic disorder throughout the body, that is, it is not associated with damage to a specific area of \u200b\u200bthe brain.

Diagnostics

Analysis of complaints and anamnesis of the disease:
- how long ago there were signs of respiratory failure (violation of the rhythm and depth of breathing);
- what event preceded the development of these disorders (head trauma, drug or alcohol poisoning);
- how quickly the breathing disorder appeared after the loss of consciousness.
Neurological examination.
- Assessment of the frequency and depth of breathing.
- Assessment of the level of consciousness.
- Search for signs of brain damage (decrease in muscle tone, strabismus, pathological reflexes (absent in a healthy person and appearing only with damage to the brain or spinal cord)).
- Assessment of the state of the pupils and their reaction to light:
  - wide pupils that do not respond to light are characteristic of damage to the midbrain (the area of \u200b\u200bthe brain located between the brain stem and its hemispheres);
  - narrow (pinpoint) pupils, weakly responsive to light, are characteristic of damage to the brain stem (the area of \u200b\u200bthe brain in which vital centers, including the respiratory center, are located).
Blood test: assessment of the level of protein breakdown products (urea, creatinine), blood oxygen saturation.
Acid-base state of the blood: assessment of the presence of acidification of the blood.
Toxicological analysis: detection of toxic substances in the blood (drugs, drugs, salts of heavy metals).
CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the head: allow you to study the structure of the brain in layers, to identify any pathological changes (tumors, hemorrhages).
Consultation is also possible.

Treatment for respiratory problems

Requires treatment of the disease, against which there was a violation of breathing.
- Detoxification (fight against poisoning) in case of poisoning:
  - drugs that neutralize toxins (antidotes);
  - vitamins (groups B, C);
  - infusion therapy (infusion of solutions intravenously);
  - hemodialysis (artificial kidney) with uremia (accumulation of protein breakdown products (urea, creatinine) with);
  - antibiotics and antiviral drugs with infectious meningitis (inflammation of the meninges).
The fight against cerebral edema (develops with most severe brain diseases):
- diuretic drugs;
- hormonal drugs (steroid hormones).
Drugs that improve brain nutrition (neurotrophic, metabolic).
Timely transfer to artificial lung ventilation.

Complications and consequences

By itself, respiratory failure is not the cause of any serious complications.
Oxygen starvation due to irregular breathing (when the rhythm of breathing is disturbed, the body does not receive the proper level of oxygen, that is, breathing becomes “unproductive”).

The significance of respiration is to obtain, by converting the resulting oxygen, necessary for the cells of the body and to displace carbon dioxide as an unnecessary product formed.

Understanding the meaning of deep breathing in terms of its functions is essential for our mental and physical well-being.

By breathing deeply, a person controls the pectoral muscle with the diaphragm, which allows the chest to expand and create more space for the lungs. Mastering the art of deep breathing elevated level oxygen fills the body, eventually helping the heart rate to slow down, creating a feeling of calm and relaxation.

Deep breathing allows better removal of toxins. About 70% of toxins are eliminated from the body through this physiological process. The main toxin carbon dioxide, which is a natural product of the body's metabolism. The benefits of breathing deeply properly help the systems in the body process this more efficiently.

In a nutshell… it is deep breathing that promotes optimal oxygen supply and detoxification.

Gives energy

Most needed oxygen natural resource needed by the cells.

We can live without food for up to 40 days and without water for up to 7 days, but we can die after a few minutes of not breathing.

From a purely physical point of view, breathing is life.

Improves the respiratory system

One of the benefits of deep breathing is that it helps relieve tension in the diaphragm and the main breathing muscles, relieving many long-term respiratory problems such as asthma and shortness of breath. This opens up the ribcage, releasing tension from the intercostal muscles around the shoulder blade, back muscles, and trapezius muscles, allowing for a more relaxed posture.

Calms the nervous system

Deep breathing activates the parasympathetic nervous system, bringing us into a relaxed state. It functions in reverse to the sympathetic nervous system, which stimulates activity associated with the fight-or-flight response.

Strengthens the lymphatic system

The lymphatic system relies on gravity, muscle movement, and the benefits of a physiological process in order for the body to be cleansed. Deep breathing can play an important role in protecting the body from bacteria, viruses and other threats to our health.

Relieves muscle tension

When we experience stress or uncomfortable feelings such as anger or pain, breathing becomes shallow and muscle tissue contracts. Deep breathing helps to release it.

Improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system

Diaphragmatic deep breathing tones, massages and increases blood circulation in the heart, liver, brain and reproductive organs.

In one study of heart attack survivors, 100% had very little dilatation of the diaphragm or abdomen. Another study showed that patients who survived myocardial infarction and adopted a regimen of exercise and breathing training thereafter experienced a 50% reduction in their risk factor for another heart attack over the next 5 years.

Improves the digestive system

The benefits of breathing more deeply include increased blood flow to the digestive tract, which encourages intestinal action and improves overall digestion, irritable bowel syndrome, and intestinal constipation. Deeper breathing improves optimal digestion.

Affects mental state

The quality of the breath helps to relax the mind and increase the ability to learn, focus and remember. The brain needs a lot of oxygen to function, and increased oxygen intake helps you achieve clarity and feel grounded and productive.

It also relieves stress, anxiety, depression and negative thought patterns. Advantages correct breathing can help overcome addictive behaviors and eating disorders, as well as activate creativity and passion.

Makes you look younger

It is a universal truth that a happy face is more beautiful than a tense or angry one.

More information: deep breathing slows down the aging process by increasing the secretion of anti-aging hormones! By reducing stress, mood improves, serotonin and endorphins levels increase.

Scientists have determined that people who meditate daily for four years have longer telomeres (protective caps at the end of chromosomes). Short telomeres are known to be associated with premature cell aging.

What happens if you breathe deeper

In a word, it affects everything. It has the benefit of helping you feel more confident and able to remove negative thought patterns that are no longer needed. The release of negativity, previously held at the subconscious level, gives new emotional depth. By expanding our consciousness within, deep breathing also has a spiritual effect, deepening the practice of yoga and meditation, creating inner peace and leading us to higher states of consciousness. In addition, the process increases sexual energy, deepening creative expression, improving sleep patterns and lowering blood pressure.

Using the system

Most of us do not use our entire respiratory system for our function.

In fact, many of us use just 33%, just a third of the full capacity.

The next time you look at a newborn baby while he sleeps, pay attention to how his whole body breathes and how his breath is connected. Back, tummy and chest move together. Babies usually breathe through their chest and belly. The process moves sequentially, like an ocean wave, waning and oncoming.

Each person is unique, with a unique breath pattern illustrating our history, where we are in the world, and how we perceive ourselves.

Every physiological process has a history that includes birth trauma, early childhood experiences, parental authority, school peers, and angst from adolescence to early adulthood. With the help of the system, you can.

So what is the right way to breathe?

It can be seen that some have a chest breathing while others have a stomach. But there are those who breathe more in the middle part of the torso.

By opening and removing the restrictions of breathing, we can more freely and easily control the body.

All physiological processes represent the course of life. As we open and expand the process, we gain more energy and support for the abilities of the main respiratory muscle of the diaphragm, intercostal muscles, scalene muscles, and abdominals.

However, some of us work our upper chest muscles very hard, which creates tension. There may be tightness in the diaphragm, which is attached to the deep-seated pith muscle, and if this becomes tight, the hips will also tighten.

If we consider the way we breathe, it becomes apparent that by restricting the flow of breath, we are obstructing the natural flow of air.

By focusing our intention on using the benefits of deep breathing, we begin to receive vitality. As soon as we revive this energy, we begin to nourish our bodies and minds, the fear and pain that we have taken on goes away. As a result, toxins are eliminated, and destructive thought patterns are transformed into love and joy.

Management

If you breathe in the upper chest, you might be more of a thinker who works with your head. Those who do not breathe from their belly often do not feel healthy.

Deep belly breathing is our connection to personal will and power. When we experience the benefits of getting air from the stomach, we are more connected to our body.

Exercise: diaphragmatic air intake

Lie on the floor on your back with your legs comfortably apart and your arms relaxed along your body. Feel and connect with the earth with your body by placing both hands on your lower abdomens, just below your chest.

Start by focusing on the inhale and exhale, and notice the chest rise as you inhale and fall as you exhale. Inhaling through the nose, the abdomen rises, and exhaling through the nose, the abdomen descends. There should be a pause between each breath.

Feel the breath in your stomach?

If not, try bending your knees while keeping your feet on the ground. This will help the breath to descend into the lower abdominal cavities.

Can you feel the rise and fall of your belly as you breathe? Imagine how you breathe in what is inside Balloon or a ball of light expanding with each breath. This is a deep diaphragmatic breath.

If you're having trouble feeling your breath in your belly, you can try this: find a heavy book or a small bag of something. Put it on your stomach and put your hands on top. Now, as you inhale, gently press down on a weighty object with your hands and hold them there as you inhale and exhale. You can ask a friend or family member to watch you while you do this.

Image from lori.ru

Serious breathing disorders can be caused by both external factors and serious diseases that require serious treatment. Usually this:

Lung diseases (influenza bronchopneumonia, tumors of the trachea and bronchi, the presence of a foreign body in the airways).
Allergic diseases (, mediastinal emphysema).
Brain diseases, both primary (craniocerebral trauma, cerebral vasospasm, thromboembolism) and complications (tuberculous meningitis, circulatory disorders).
Poisoning of various nature.

The following are the most common breathing disorders

noisy breathing

A respiratory disorder in which breath sounds can be heard from a distance. There is such a violation of breathing due to a decrease in the patency of the respiratory tract, caused by diseases, external factors, disturbances in the rhythm and depth of breathing.

Noisy breathing occurs in the following cases:

lesions of the upper respiratory tract, which include the trachea and larynx - stenotic breathing appears, or inspiratory dyspnea;
the formation of a tumor or inflammation in the upper respiratory tract causes stridor breathing, which is characterized by whistling and may be paroxysmal in nature. For example, seizures are caused by a tumor in the trachea;
bronchial asthma causes obstruction of the bronchi, resulting in wheezing, while exhalation is difficult - the so-called expiratory dyspnea, which is a specific symptom of asthma.

Apnea

Apnea is the stoppage of breathing. This breathing disorder is usually caused by hyperventilation of the lungs during very deep breathing, as a result of which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood decreases, disturbing the acceptable balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood. The airways are narrowed, the movement of air through them is difficult. In particular severe cases observed:

a sharp decline blood pressure to a critical point;
loss of consciousness preceded by convulsions;
fibrillation leading to cardiac arrest.

Violations of the rhythm and depth of breathing

Such respiratory disorders are characterized by the occurrence of pauses in the process of breathing. Rhythm and depth disturbances can be caused by a number of reasons:

incompletely oxidized metabolic products (slags, toxins, etc.) accumulate in the blood and affect breathing;
oxygen starvation and carbon dioxide poisoning. These phenomena are caused by impaired ventilation of the lungs, blood circulation, severe intoxication due to poisoning, or a number of diseases;
swelling of the cells of the nerve structures of the brain stem, which is caused by traumatic brain injury, damage (compression, bruising) in the brain stem;
viral encephalomyelitis causes severe damage to the respiratory center;
hemorrhages in the brain, spasms of cerebral vessels, strokes and other disorders of cerebral circulation.

Breath of Biot

Biot's respiration is mainly caused by lesions of the central nervous system, as a result of which the excitability of the respiratory center decreases. Such lesions are caused by shocks, stress, disorders of cerebral circulation, poisoning. Just as in the respiratory disorders described above, Biot's breathing can be caused by encephalomyelitis of viral origin. Cases of the occurrence of this form of breathing in tuberculous meningitis have been noted.

Biot's breathing is characterized by the alternation of long pauses in breathing and normal uniform respiratory movements without rhythm disturbance.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

A periodic form of breathing, in which the respiratory movements gradually deepen and become more frequent to the maximum, and then at the same pace move from rapid and deep breathing to a rarer and shallower one, with a pause at the end of the “wave”. After a pause, the cycle repeats.

This type of breathing is mainly caused by an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood, as a result of which the respiratory center lowers its work. In young children, such a violation of breathing is quite common, and disappears with age. In adults, it can be caused by:

violation of cerebral circulation (vasospasms, strokes, hemorrhages);
intoxication caused by various diseases or external causes (alcohol, nicotine and drug poisoning, chemical poisoning, overdose medicines etc.);
diabetic coma;
uremic coma that occurs with absolute renal failure;
heart failure;
atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels;
traumatic brain injury;
hydrocephalus (dropsy);
exacerbation of bronchial asthma, causing an attack of suffocation (asthmatic status).

Breath of Kussmaul

Pathological form of breathing, in which respiratory movements are rare and rhythmic (deep breath - forced exhalation). It is mainly manifested in patients with impaired consciousness caused by coma of various kinds. Intoxication, diseases that cause changes in the acid-base balance of the body, and dehydration can also lead to respiratory failure of this kind.

Tachypnea

Type of shortness of breath. Respiratory movement in this type of respiratory failure is superficial, their rhythm is not disturbed. Shallow breathing calls for insufficient ventilation of the lungs, which can last for several days. It is mainly found in healthy people with strong nervous excitement or hard physical work and goes into a normal rhythm when the factors are eliminated. It can also be the result of certain diseases.

Depending on the nature of the disorder, it makes sense to contact:

see an allergist if asthma is suspected;
to a toxicologist in case of intoxication;
see a neurologist if you experience shock or stress;
see an infectious disease specialist if you have had an infectious disease.

traumatologist;
endocrinologist;
oncologist;
somnologist.

In case of particularly severe respiratory disorders (suffocation, respiratory arrest), call an ambulance.

Adequate for an adult, the respiratory rate, provided that it is determined at rest, is from 8 to 16 breaths per minute. It is normal for an infant to take up to 44 breaths per minute.

The reasons

Frequent shallow breathing occurs due to the following reasons:

Symptoms of respiratory disorders

Forms of respiratory disorders that are manifested by shallow breathing

Cheyne-Stokes breathing.
Hyperventilation is neurogenic.
Tachypnea.
Biota breath.

Central hyperventilation

Represents breathing deep (superficial) and frequent (BH reaches 25-60 movements per minute). Often accompanies damage to the midbrain (located between the hemispheres of the brain and its trunk).

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Pathological form of breathing, characterized by a deepening and increased frequency of respiratory movements, and then their transition to more superficial and rare ones, and at the end, the appearance of a pause, after which the cycle repeats again.

Such changes in breathing occur due to an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood, which disrupts the work of the respiratory center. In young children, such a change in breathing is observed quite often and disappears with age.

In adult patients, Cheyne-Stokes shallow breathing develops due to:

Tachypnea

Refers to one of the types of shortness of breath. Breathing in this case is superficial, but its rhythm is not changed. Due to the superficiality of respiratory movements, insufficient ventilation of the lungs develops, sometimes dragging on for several days. Most often, such shallow breathing occurs in healthy patients during heavy physical exertion or nervous strain. It disappears without a trace when the above factors are eliminated and is converted into a normal rhythm. Occasionally develops against the background of some pathologies.

Biota breath

Synonym: atactic breathing. This disorder is characterized by irregular respiratory movements. At the same time, deep breaths turn into shallow breathing, interspersed with a complete absence of respiratory movements. Atactic breathing accompanies damage to the posterior part of the brainstem.

Diagnostics

If the patient has any changes in the frequency / depth of breathing, you will need to urgently consult a doctor, especially if such changes are combined with:

hyperthermia (high temperature);
pulling or other pains in the chest when inhaling / exhaling;
difficult breathing;
first-time tachypnea;
grayish or bluish tint of the skin, lips, nails, periorbital area, gums.

To diagnose pathologies that cause shallow breathing, the doctor conducts a series of studies:

1. Collection of anamnesis and complaints:

the duration and features of the onset of the symptom (for example, weak shallow breathing);
preceding the occurrence of violations of any significant event: poisoning, injury;
the rate of manifestation of respiratory disorders in case of loss of consciousness.

2. Inspection:

3. Blood test (general and biochemistry), in particular, determination of the level of creatinine and urea, as well as oxygen saturation.

11. Scanning the lungs for changes in ventilation and perfusion of the organ.

Treatment

The primary task of treating shallow breathing is to eliminate the main cause that caused the appearance of this condition:

Complications

Shallow breathing in itself does not cause any serious complications, but it can lead to hypoxia (oxygen starvation) due to changes in the respiratory rhythm. That is, superficial respiratory movements are unproductive, since they do not provide the proper supply of oxygen to the body.

Shallow breathing in a child

Normal breathing rate is different for babies different ages. So, newborns take up to 50 breaths per minute, children up to a year - 25-40, up to 3 years - 25 (up to 30), 4-6 years - up to 25 breaths under normal conditions.

If a child of 1-3 years old performs more than 35 respiratory movements, and 4-6 years old - more than 30 per minute, then such breathing can be regarded as superficial and frequent. At the same time, an insufficient amount of air penetrates into the lungs and its bulk is retained in the bronchi and trachea, which do not take part in gas exchange. For normal ventilation, such respiratory movements are clearly not enough.

As a result of this condition, children often suffer from acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections. In addition, shallow frequent breathing leads to the development of bronchial asthma or asthmatic bronchitis. Therefore, parents should definitely contact the doctor to find out the reason for the change in the frequency / depth of breathing in the baby.

In addition to diseases, such changes in breathing can be the result of hypodynamia, overweight, stooping habits, increased gas formation, posture disorders, lack of walking, hardening and sports.

In addition, shallow rapid breathing in children can develop due to prematurity (lack of surfactant), hyperthermia ( high temperature) or stressful situations.

Rapid shallow breathing most often develops in children with the following pathologies:

bronchial asthma;
pneumonia;
allergies;
pleurisy;
rhinitis;
laryngitis;
tuberculosis;
chronic bronchitis;
pathologies of the heart.

Therapy for shallow breathing, as in adult patients, is aimed at eliminating the causes that caused it. In any case, the baby must be shown to the doctor in order to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe adequate treatment.

You may need to consult the following experts:

pediatrician;
pulmonologist;
psychiatrist;
allergist;
pediatric cardiologist.

Kaufman Yu.M.

How to breathe correctly:
deep, with the participation of the chest or superficial, with the help of the diaphragm ("belly")?

In our time, many believe that human health and life expectancy depend mainly on the correspondence of nutrition and human movement. At the same time, both the population and medical workers often forget about the importance of breathing. It is known that without food, water and movement, a healthy person can live for quite a long time. And the absence of breathing for more than 9 minutes cannot be tolerated by any person.
Human life is determined by three factors: breathing, nutrition, movement. These three factors mutually determine the volume of each other.
Everyone knows that the inhaled oxygen of the air provides oxidative processes, without which life is impossible. It is also known that carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide - CO2), as a product of the final oxidation of carbon, is excreted by the lungs from the blood and excreted from the body through the respiratory tract, as waste as a result of metabolism - "waste".
However, the body only gets rid of excess carbon dioxide. After all, CO2 in the aquatic environment, combining with water, forms carbonic acid: CO2 + H2O \u003d H2CO3. At the same time, mainly carbonic acid provides the acid-base balance necessary for chemical reactions in the body in the blood and interstitial fluid, which is necessary for the functioning of the body's enzymes at normal body temperature.
With excessive ventilation, CO2 is released, which is necessary to ensure the normal acidity of the blood and interstitial fluid, the metabolism in the body is disturbed, and a disease occurs - “hyperventilation cider”. At the same time, due to arterial spasms and metabolic disorders, most organs fall ill (angina pectoris, cerebrovascular accidents, peptic ulcer stomach and many other diseases).
When hyperventilation syndrome occurs, a person often loses consciousness and even death can occur. Therefore, it is not surprising that if Ambulance, delivers an unconscious patient with hyperventilation syndrome to the clinic, they put a plastic bag on his head to stop the excessive release of CO2. When the patient regains consciousness, he is forced to breathe shallowly. Hyperventilation can be stopped only by reducing the volume of ventilation. A healthy trained person can compensate for excessive CO2 emissions by increasing physical work to generate additional CO2, without reducing ventilation.

How to breathe correctly?
1. First of all, you need to breathe through your nose. The nose is adapted for this:
a) the walls of the nose warm the inhaled air (this is important in winter),
b) the hairs of the nose partially filter the air, protecting the lungs from pollution.
c) the nasal mucosa moisturizes very dry air,
d) when breathing through the nose, the paranasal sinuses are ventilated,
e) the nasal mucosa with too active breathing can swell and secrete viscous mucus into the lumen of the bronchi, narrowing the lumen of the bronchi, partially protecting the body from hyperventilation, etc.
You can breathe out through your nose and mouth.
Snoring in a dream is a sign of improper breathing - mouth breathing. Several deep breaths are periodically followed by holding the breath for 30-60, and sometimes more than seconds. The brain of such a person receives insufficient oxygen at night and does not rest well. This is apnea. In these cases, the help of a pulmonologist is needed, who, if necessary, can prescribe the use of a special apparatus for breathing during sleep.
If a person cannot breathe through his nose, you need to contact an otolaryngologist. When the nasal septum is deviated, surgery is necessary.
Often normal nasal breathing is interfered with by "nasal congestion". Usually this phenomenon is temporary. When switching to economical calm diaphragmatic breathing, it gradually disappears. Very quickly, the "congestion" of the nose is removed in a reflex way. For this you need index fingers both hands, pressing strongly, massage the following reflex zones for 5 seconds:
a) "dog holes" at both wings of the nose,
b) side walls of the nose, approximately in the middle of the length of the nose,
c) points in the middle of both eyebrows,
d) points in front of the "tragus" of both ears,
e) points on the lower part of the "big bumps" behind both ears,
f) the most protruding bone of the cervical spine (spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra).

In extreme situations, you have to “grab” air with your mouth. For health it is necessary that it was not long (not chronically).
2. Normal breathing rate at rest is 7-8 per minute. 2-3 seconds - inhale, 4 seconds - pause, 2-3 seconds - exhale.
3. At rest, both day and night, you need to breathe only superficially - diaphragmatic breathing, without the participation of the chest, with the help of the diaphragm (chest-abdominal septum) - "stomach".
4. Restoring proper shallow breathing helps to cure not only hyperventilation, but also many diseases that make up the "Hyperventilation Syndrome".
5. A healthy person should be able to hold their breath after exhaling for 60-90 seconds. If a person cannot hold his breath like that, then he is ill with deep breathing disease or other diseases. Therefore, such a patient should be examined and treated.
6. Of course, when walking, running, significant physical work, etc., a person should deepen his breathing, because. Oxygen is required to produce muscle energy. An additional amount of carbon oxidation product CO2 will appear in the lymph and blood. As CO2 accumulates in the blood, the acidity of the blood will increase. The body will be forced to increase CO2 emissions. A person will feel this need as a lack of air, oxygen. This lack of air will be felt by a person automatically, without assessing the state of the body by self-consciousness. Automatically, a person will deepen and quicken breathing.
It must always be remembered that breathing is dosed in strict accordance with the volume and degree of physical work stress, taking into account the state of health (primarily the heart, blood vessels and lungs).

Out-of-clinic breathing dosing according to health status and degree
physical activity:
A. At rest, a healthy or practically healthy person should breathe only through the nose. Breathing should be shallow, due to the work of the muscles of the diaphragm. All other muscles of the body should be relaxed. The chest, at the same time, should be motionless. If you feel a lack of air, deepen your breathing a little due to the diaphragm (“belly”), without opening your mouth and not including the chest.
A sick person at rest cannot always breathe so strictly superficially, but he should also try to breathe through his nose without the participation of the chest, choosing the depth of diaphragmatic breathing at an acceptable, possibly low level, avoiding forced inhalation through the mouth. In severe respiratory disorders, the patient, even at rest, is forced to breathe through the mouth. Such patients are subject to additional examination and treatment.
B. During walking, running, physical work, a healthy or practically healthy person should breathe in the same way through the nose (you can exhale through the nose or mouth). During non-intensive work, one should strive to maintain diaphragmatic breathing, choosing such a deepening of breathing that it is as small as possible, but not allowing it to be necessary to inhale through the mouth.
With very intensive and prolonged work, mouth breathing is justified. Here, hyperventilation threatens only with a sharp cessation of heavy loads and at the same time continuing deep breathing. Therefore, at the finish line, an exhausted runner should not be allowed to lie down and not move. He needs to be helped (supported) to walk until shortness of breath decreases, otherwise he will develop hyperventilation syndrome and may even die. With the cessation or a significant decrease in physical stress, it is necessary by an effort of will to try to reduce the ventilation of the lungs and, as soon as possible, switch to deep nasal breathing, gradually moving to shallow breathing.
For example, you, sick or old man, go up the stairs. After some time of such difficult work for you, you felt a lack of air, you had a desire to inhale air through your mouth. Resist the temptation to switch to mouth breathing, stop immediately, rest, restore calm, shallow, diaphragmatic breathing. Then continue the ascent, but at a slower pace.

Dosing of the DEGREE of PHYSICAL STRESS with the help of nasal breathing.
The common method of determining the degree of physical stress by pulse rate is very inconvenient, especially during work and physical education in the fresh air.
The long-term experience of the author of the article has proved that the onset of DYNPHONE is a very accurate criterion for reducing or stopping physical activity, especially for sick people. So, for example, a patient engaged in therapeutic walking or exercise therapy breathes through his nose. The need to breathe through the mouth due to lack of air (shortness of breath) is an accurate diagnostic signal for reducing or stopping physical activity. This means that if you walk or work (do physical exercises, etc.), and at the same time freely hold nasal breathing, then you can confidently continue working at this pace without fear of the possibility of physical overstrain, of course, if there are no heart pains or other signs of illness. The duration of work (walking, etc.) should be dosed additionally.
Breathing rate.
Respiration rate can also be used to measure respiration, but this is rarely used in practice.

Respiratory methods for the treatment of respiratory disorders.

1. VLHD method - Volitional elimination of deep breathing. This method was created for the prevention and treatment of hyperventilation syndrome. In fact, this method can help in the treatment of about a hundred diseases arising from prolonged spasms of the smooth muscles of the bronchi, the walls of blood vessels, the walls of many internal organs, as well as metabolic disorders in chronic hyperventilation of the lungs. The author of the method is K.P. Buteyko.
The VLHD method turned out to be especially effective in diseases associated with bronchial spasms (bronchial asthma and similar diseases) and spasms of the heart vessels (rest angina, etc.). Training in this method is carried out by a specialist, during group or individual lessons, 10-14 lessons daily or every other day. Practicing shallow diaphragmatic breathing.
2. The method of "paradoxical breathing" Strelnikova. This method of breathing exercises is mainly used for bronchospastic diseases. The paradox of Strelnikova's breathing exercises lies in the fact that a deep breath is taken during hand movements that compress the chest. The patient takes a series of deep active breaths, at the height of which he compresses the chest with his hands. That. the patient forces himself to switch to diaphragmatic breathing.
3. Inhalation of oxygen - very effective method treatment. Oxygen therapy is especially important for patients with pulmonary heart failure with severe shortness of breath. When treating or rehabilitating at home, such a patient must be provided with a relatively inexpensive apparatus for taking oxygen from the air and supplying it to the respiratory tract. The electrical power of these devices is made from a conventional electrical network, therefore, for visiting consultants and examinations, it is necessary to have an additional portable device with an oxygen cylinder. With continuous use of a portable device, up to half a liter of liquid oxygen per hour is consumed.
. It must be remembered that oxygen therapy is carried out not only to compensate for respiratory failure, but also as a causal agent to improve the nutrition of affected tissues.
4. Hyperbaric oxygenation - oxygen breathing in chambers with high atmospheric pressure. This method is used for training and treatment in special cases.
5. Training of deep full (with the participation of the chest) breathing in order to increase the respiratory surface, to attract the sections of the lungs to active breathing, which in a healthy state almost do not participate in breathing. Such a need arises in case of inflammation of the lungs and other severe lesions of the lungs.
6. It is very useful to train proper breathing during therapeutic exercises (exercise therapy) and during therapeutic dosed walking (LDH). 7. During the rehabilitation period after any serious illness or injury, regular walks in parks and forests that are not polluted by exhaust or industrial gases are necessary. Proper breathing is essential in these cases.

When organizing the nutrition of patients with respiratory disorders, attention should be paid to providing the body with products containing iron, because. The main element of hemoglobin in the blood is iron. It is also necessary to remember the trace elements necessary to increase immunity, for the correct metabolism in the patient's body.

Summarizing all the above, it should be noted that in different situations different breathing should be used, adequate physical activity and the condition of the patient. Most of the time, a person must breathe through the nose and superficially, due to the work of the diaphragm.
Therefore, the main problem usually arises - to teach a healthy or sick person the correct nasal shallow breathing. It's like eating: it's hard for a person to get used to a moderate diet after the habit of eating a lot. The problem of switching to shallow diaphragmatic breathing is best solved by the training method proposed by Dr. Buteyko.

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