Educational institutions by subject. How to choose a university for admission

On the eve of admission, each student, as a rule, more or less imagines which subjects he knows better (and, accordingly, in which disciplines he has a great chance of getting high scores on the exam). But if you choose exams just off the top of your head, without focusing on specific specialties and universities, then you may well run into problems during the entrance campaign.

Three key points in choosing

In order not to "fly" past the admission to interesting profiles this year, we recommend that you take into account three main points:

Broad coverage or narrowly focused work?

So, for each group of specialties, there is usually a specialized USE and one or two additional ones (except for the obligatory Russian). Therefore, there are two main strategies between which you will have to choose:

1. Passing a large number of exams. For example, if you are interested in the specialty "Recreation and sports and health tourism" and those close to it, you can pass Russian, biology, as well as geography, social studies, mathematics and foreign language- the whole set of disciplines that, in principle, may be required in universities with training in this profile. Such a strategy is suitable if the passing score in your chosen specialty is not too high, because it is unlikely that you will have the strength and time to prepare equally well for all the exams in such a quantity.
2. Passing the required minimum exam. This is the same option with the most common disciplines that we talked about earlier. However, if you are interested in entering a single, exceptional, specific university, and you feel in yourself the ability to overcome the threshold of its passing score, then you may not even be interested in the entrance rules of other educational institutions. This approach is good as an opportunity to better prepare for exams (due to their smaller number) and get a better result.

Both strategies have their advantages and disadvantages, and it is up to you to decide which one to prefer, and how to subsequently choose a university according to your needs. USE subjects, for example, in Moscow, or in any other city.

What, besides the exam and the certificate, is taken into account upon admission?

The main thing that is important when choosing a university based on the USE scores is to pass the exams as best as possible and get a good grade in the certificate. At the same time, the results of the state exam must be above the minimum threshold values ​​that are set every year by Rosobrnadzor (you can find them on the official website of the department, or on the Internet portal of the USE itself). But, besides this, for successful admission, you may need / help the following:

• Creative tests on the basis of the university. They are mandatory for those who plan to work in the field of culture and arts (artists, designers, actors, choreographers, and so on). This means that if you fail the internal creative exam, you will not be able to enter the institution you like, even if everything is in order with the scores of the certificate and the Unified State Examination. It is best to find out what kind of creative test is conducted at the university, what needs to be prepared for it, how it will be evaluated, etc., it is best to visit its official website. In addition, if the university has active groups in in social networks, then from there you can get feedback from former applicants about the course of taking the creative exam.
• Other additional internal format tests. For example, for admission to specialties related to international relations, quite often internal examinations are held in universities for knowledge of a foreign language. How they are organized and evaluated - again, you can always find out on the official website of the institution.
• Extra points. Theoretically, each applicant has the opportunity to receive up to 10 points in addition to certificates of USE results. These points can be awarded for winning olympiads, winning or winning major sports competitions, a “gold medal” (obtaining a school certificate with honors), volunteering (for a period of at least 4 years), winning creative and intellectual competitions, final essay . Information about such achievements must be provided to the admission committee in order to increase your chances of successful admission.
• Privileges. Orphans and children whose parents were deprived of parental rights, disabled people of the first and second groups belong to the privileged category of applicants. If they, in principle, have results in the required USE (with scores that have overcome the minimum threshold), then they can enter out of competition. But this possibility is not unlimited: the Ministry of Education annually sets a certain quota for the number of places intended for the training of "beneficiaries" for each university.

Primary and secondary USE scores

Talking about how to choose a university by subject, we have repeatedly mentioned passing and minimum scores. If you go to the website of some university and look at these values, then it may not be entirely clear to you how they turned out. Therefore, it is important to know that USE scores(same) can be presented in two different formats:

1. Primary. It is based on the fact that each task in the exam has a certain “cost”, or certain evaluation criteria that allow you to set its “weight” (this applies to essays and similar works). Accordingly, the "costs" of the tasks you correctly completed are simply summed up, and the primary USE scores are obtained.
2. secondary. This format is somewhat more difficult to understand, but it is he who determines the final results of the work of each applicant. Each subject has its own algorithm for converting primary scores into secondary ones, based on a specific mathematical model, the essence of which is not so important to you. To understand how many secondary points you will receive with a certain number of primary, it is enough to use the tables for translation on the official website of Rosobrnadzor. This result will be used by the universities to which you apply.

We hope that it has become a little clearer for you how to choose an institute for USE subjects. If you don’t have any thoughts yet about what kind of job you would like to work in the future, don’t be too lazy to read our articles with the selection of specialties by discipline. Good luck with your admissions and studies!

On the budget in 2018 - another test. There is a lot of information on the Internet on this issue, it is on the websites of universities and other official sources. To help you understand, we have collected all the data in one article. in front of you step-by-step instruction, which will help assess your chances of free education.

In Russia, the state pays for about 50% of places in universities

Step 1. Studying how many free places there are

Each state university is obliged to allocate places on a budgetary basis. The number of places in the free department depends on the popularity of the faculty and specialty. And you can get a budgetary higher education not only in Moscow universities. In some places, the number of free places reaches 1.5-2 thousand. For example, in Belgorod, Voronezh, Volgograd, Kirov, Rostov-on-Don, Irkutsk, Krasnodar, Chelyabinsk and other Russian cities.

Step 2. Understanding the terms

Consider the concepts without which it is difficult to assess your chances of admission:

• the minimum threshold for USE scores;
• the minimum number of points for admission;
• passing score in universities.

What is a threshold score?

To get a certificate, you need to score a certain number of points in each subject. Here's how it was in 2017:

• Russian language - 36 points;
• mathematics - 27 points;
• social science - 42 points;
• computer science - 40 points;
• foreign language - 22 points.

For example, you have chosen a foreign language for passing the exam, then you need to score 36 points in Russian, 27 in mathematics and 22 in a foreign language - a total of 85 points. In theory, this is enough to apply to the university. But in practice, this is very little to enroll in a free department.

What is the minimum score?

Each university sets its own minimum number of USE scores for admission. Many technical educational establishments are not ready to accept those who scored less than 50 points in mathematics. Humanitarian - put forward increased requirements for languages.

What is a passing score

The passing score depends on the results of the USE with which applicants were enrolled last year. Especially important is the result of the last lucky person who entered the budget with a minimum number of points.

Example. 200 people wanted to enter, and budget places was 50. The passing score is the student with the lowest result. For example, with 150 points, while the rest had a higher score.

The average USE score in 2017 is 68.2

Step 3. Choose a university by passing score

If you can figure out what score you will get on the USE, then it's time to choose the right university. By the way, trial exams help to assess your chances well.

All universities with free places, they are also called budget institutions higher education, for convenience, we will divide into three categories:

• the most popular, or top;
• medium;
• unpopular.

Typically, top universities put forward increased requirements, while the rest lower the bar to attract applicants. Let's look at the passing scores of universities in all three categories in 2017.

If your GPA is above 85: passing scores in popular universities

Conclusion. To enter top universities, the average USE score must be above 80-85. It’s hard to get into the number of such excellent students, do you agree? If you are unsure of good results, consider schools with less stringent requirements.

If your GPA is between 65 and 80 points: passing scores in secondary universities

Conclusion. With an average USE score of 65-80 in 2017, it was possible to enter budgetary and leading regional universities.

If your GPA is 55-65 points: passing scores in unpopular universities

Conclusion.If you score below 65 points, don't panic. Passing scores in many regional universities are below this bar. And today you can get a good higher education not only in the capitals.

Step 4. Evaluate your chances by the number of points

280-300 points - best universities countries, any specialty.

200-250 points- popular universities, specialties: linguistics, foreign language, law, economics, management, health care, mathematics, physics.

200 points- secondary universities, specialties: computer science and computer technology, pedagogy, chemistry and biotechnology, automation and control, electrical engineering, energy. Or leading regional universities, any specialty.

150-200 points- secondary universities, specialties: geology, ecology, vehicles, agriculture and fisheries. Or unpopular universities, any specialty.

Less than 150 points- unpopular universities, some specialties.

Sometimes even with high score you can not get into the cherished twenty, but with a low one by a lucky chance - to enter the desired university. The main thing is to use all the chances and do not forget about fallback options.

Decide on the specialties you are interested in and choose universities for which they are specialized. Make a choice in favor state institutions, if possible. Evaluate the prospects of each educational institution. Find out the opinion of students and graduates, look at employment statistics. Specify the admission algorithm, the list of documents, the features of the educational process. Evaluate your strengths, deal with desires and take into account the advice of teachers and employers. And now about everything in more detail.

Key selection criteria

And immediately a warning: you should not make a choice in favor of an educational institution just because it is within walking distance from your home, your close friends study there or acquaintances work. This approach rarely leads to something good. Use useful criteria as a basis, in particular:

• The prospect of learning.
• The quality of education.
• Student comfort.
• State accreditation.
• budget form.

perspective learning is measured in the solution of the problems that you set for education. Most often, this is the possibility of quick employment in the specialty and the level of wages at the start of a career. It is no secret that employers snatch students from some institutes already from 2-3 courses, and from some they do not want to take students at all. Find out about the fate of most graduates - evaluate the prospects.

The quality of education again, you can measure the popularity of students of a particular university and a particular specialty among employers. In addition, it is worth looking at their academic achievements.

Over the past five years, only two teams have won at the International Student Programming Olympiad - St Petersburg University and ITMO University. And this is an indicator not only of the individual talent of the winners, but also of the quality of education in this specialty at these institutions.

Student comfort level. It consists in a developed university infrastructure, in the convenience of learning, in multilateral support and the opportunity not only to study, but also to develop as individuals. Ideally, the institute should have a dormitory with a sufficient number of places for all first-year students to live. Convenient location of buildings; the possibility of obtaining scholarships and grants; science, creativity and sports; trips to conferences and competitions are important indicators of learning comfort.

State accreditation. Ideally, the university should be public. But when we talk about accreditation, we also consider non-state educational institutions. Check it out before submitting documents. Also look for information about any scandals and incidents related to attempts to deprive the selected educational institution of accreditation. If there were precedents, then there is a high probability of their repetition.

budget form. This is not only free education, but also many other bonuses - the right to scholarships, to a hostel, to fringe benefits. Moreover, state students always have a special status for some teachers, and sometimes for employers. And even if it is not written anywhere - the fact is the place to be.

Which university to choose in Russia

First of all, the state. This is evidenced by the facts: public educational institutions have practically no problems with accreditation and have large resources to conduct high-quality educational activities.

That is why the first positions in the TOP of the best universities in Russia are occupied by state universities. By the way, according to the results of research by the RAEX rating agency, the top 5 are as follows:

• Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov.
• MIPT.
• MEPhI.
• St. Petersburg State University.
• MGIMO.

Many of the indicators on the basis of which the rating was formed remained classified. But it is difficult to argue with the conclusions, because the listed universities are indeed the elite of the Russian higher education system. By the way, such ratings are easy to find in the extended version and in structuring by the subjects of the Russian Federation. Find out which institutions are recognized as the best in the region where you want to study. Use this information to make the right choice.

How to choose an institute abroad

What should be of interest to you in the first place:

• Is there a scholarship.
• Is housing provided.
• Does the university help with obtaining a visa.
• Tests and exams to be taken.
• A set of necessary documents.

The results of the USE will be of little use when entering foreign institutions - only some of them seriously take into account the achievements of applicants at home.

You will have to take internal exams in the prescribed form - you need to prepare for them. Also, be prepared to take a language test (usually IELTS or TOEFL) and provide an impressive package of documents. Preparation for admission must begin 1-1.5 years in advance.

How to choose a university for the exam

If foreign institutions are the results of the Russian state exam almost never taken into account, then choosing a university by USE scores in Russia is the best solution. All educational institutions announce the data on the total scores of applicants who entered the budget and paid places in the previous sets. They cannot be considered passing, but it is quite possible to establish approximate guidelines.

To select a university by exams and approximate scores, go to the official website of the institution of interest and look at last year's enrollment data. After that, you will be able to measure your strength with the declared bar. According to the same algorithm, you can choose a university for the subjects that you plan to take as part of the exam. It is no secret that it is necessary to declare a list of exams in advance. See what are required for admission to your chosen specialties and take them.

A common mistake many graduates make is the panic fear of passing additional subjects. They choose 3, maximum 4, and categorically do not want to take anything else.

And it is clear that it is extremely difficult to purposefully prepare for 5-6 subjects. But why not pass the maximum even without preparation? Still, 11 years of schooling was preparation, so there is a high probability that you will be able to earn a decent amount. Do not limit the set of subjects and specialties suitable for choosing to a minimum.

Point calculators and past experience

There are a lot of services on the network that allow you to select a university based on the scores received or potentially scored based on the results of the Unified State Examination. They have a fairly simple algorithm of work: data on the scores of applicants who entered specific universities for certain specialties are loaded into the database. The user enters his total points, after which he can choose a university, admission to which will be within his power.

The idea is interesting and very useful. You can use these calculators to sort out a number of benchmarks in the form of suitable options and understand which institution to choose for admission. But it is not recommended to take the received data as absolute truth. Firstly, this year applicants can “bring” completely different points. Secondly, calculators do not generate all the information, and you may miss important points. Use these services, but double-check the received data.

1. Don't box yourself in.

The USE, for all its shortcomings, has a lot of advantages. The key one is the ability to apply to any university in Russia without having to pass internal exams. Choose as many educational institutions as possible and send documents to each of them. Don't limit yourself to one institution. Do not be afraid to apply to elite universities - nothing is impossible for a person with intelligence.

2. Pass the maximum of subjects within the framework of the exam

Turn in as many items as you can. At the same time, be sure to concentrate on preparing for the key ones and give yourself a rest before the main exams - you can’t take them non-stop. But if there is an opportunity to hand over some items additionally, hand them over even without preparation. No money is taken for the sample, and you risk absolutely nothing.

3. Choose public universities

State institutions are in many ways better than non-state ones. And if there are exceptions, they prove the rule. State educational institutions in Russia do not experience problems with accreditation and the level of education here is almost always higher.

4. Check information

The websites of many higher educational institutions provide incorrect information, in particular, about the list of entrance examinations. Feel free to call admissions committees and clarify information. Otherwise, their mistake could be your problem.

5. Find out the fate of graduates

Find information about what percentage of students of the selected university work in their specialty. Chat with alumni on social networks, find their groups and communities. First-hand information is always the most useful.

Summary

How to choose a university for admission? Analyze ratings, clarify information about entrance examinations and take as many subjects as possible within the Unified State Examination in order to provide yourself with the widest possible choice. Communicate with graduates of past years, study information for applicants on the websites of educational institutions. Do not limit yourself to universities in your region - you can apply to any institution in Russia using the results of the unified state exam.

Evgenia Melnikova

Editor of the Info-Profi portal, a teacher with 16 years of experience, a practicing tutor.

Students must select subjects for passing the exam before February 1, 2018. It's time to decide on the disciplines or to consider the choice already made: there is still time to change the decision. You can add a subject to the application for passing the exam until February 1, 2018.

Sometimes high school students cannot choose their future profession, so they follow the advice of their parents, teachers and acquaintances. Some go with the flow and enter the same specialty as friends. Such situations turn into the fact that a person devotes at least four years of time, effort and resources to a direction in which there is no ability and interest. Approach to the choice of subjects for the exam, and hence the training of the future profession, must be conscious. If you don’t have a dream or a clear idea of ​​where you see yourself in five or ten years, don’t be discouraged, but try to make an informed decision. We have put together some tips for students and graduates that will help in choosing subjects for the exam.

First step: introspection

At the first stage, you need to conduct a deep introspection, for this, answer the following questions:

– What field of science or what disciplines do I like?

- In what area would I be interested in developing?

What kind of working conditions would I like?

- What level of remuneration will suit me in the future?

- What abilities, abilities and talents do I have?

– In what area can these opportunities and talents be realized?

These simple questions will help analyze the wishes for the future specialty and objectively compare them with your capabilities.

Second step: choosing a direction

After the graduate has decided on the area of ​​interest, his capabilities and desired working conditions, you can begin to choose the direction of study. So you can narrow down the number of options for admission and decide on the disciplines in which it is worth starting intensive preparation for passing the exam.

The unified state exam is held in 14 subjects: two of them must be taken - Russian and basic mathematics (if you are not going to take the profile). The remaining disciplines are optional, they are necessary for admission in a certain profile to a university:

• For the physics and mathematics direction, physics and specialized mathematics are needed.
• For the natural sciences - chemistry, biology, specialized mathematics.
• For the medical direction - chemistry, biology, Russian.
• For the humanitarian profile - Russian language, literature, history, foreign languages.
• For social sciences - Russian language, history, social studies, foreign languages.
• The profile "Education and Pedagogy" requires the results of exams in the Russian language, profile mathematics, social studies and the Unified State Examination in the profile.
• For the direction "Culture and Art" you need literature, Russian, a creative entrance exam in the profile.
• For the profile "Economics and Management" you will need to pass profile mathematics, social studies, a foreign language.
• For "Service and Tourism" - Russian, history, English.
• For computer science and computer technology - Russian, specialized mathematics, computer science.
• The direction of "Earth Sciences" is available for those who pass profile mathematics, Russian, physics, geography.
• For the direction "Geology, exploration and development of minerals" you will need specialized mathematics, Russian, physics, computer science.

We have listed only a few areas of preparation and approximate options for exams that you will need to pass for each profile. Information about entrance exams should be found on the website or in the admissions office of the selected educational institution. Some universities conduct their own entrance examinations, which will require additional preparation.

Third step: labor market research

After introspection and choice of direction, several options will appear that you have identified for yourself as a future profession. At this stage, you should find out:

– Are these specialties relevant: are they in demand on the labor market, are they in demand in the country of residence, what is written about them in forecasts about the future of professions.

– What working conditions and remuneration, guarantees and bonuses are provided to specialists in this professional field.

This small study of the labor market will allow us to weed out professions that have lost their relevance, in which there are already too many specialists. Also at this stage, you can determine whether the proposed working conditions are suitable and whether the salary level matches your ambitions.

Fourth step: choosing an educational institution

After two stages of selection, the list of desired professions has narrowed, so it's time to consider educational institutions that teach in the specialties of interest.

visit day open doors in the university you like - this will help determine whether you would like to spend at least four years of your life within the walls of this educational institution. At such an event, you can get acquainted with teachers, students, see the educational institution from the inside, learn about the quality of education and student extracurricular life. It is useful to study the feedback of graduates, contact them on social networks - this will help to find out their opinion about the learning process and its results. The main thing is to interview several people: the point of view of one graduate may be fundamentally different from the views of another, the more opinions, the more complete the picture.

So, in order to make a conscious, balanced choice of a future profession, you need to follow three simple tips:

1. Have an honest conversation with yourself: identify true desires and preferences, compare them with your mental, physical and material capabilities.
2. Decide on the direction of your future professional activity.
3. Study the labor market: learn more about the professions that you have identified after the second stage.
4. Choose a university or college: get to know the educational institution and its graduates in more detail.

And, of course, it is difficult to enter a dream university without high results, which.

Work takes up a third of life: it is important that it brings pleasure and contributes to self-development, so choose the direction of study and subjects for exams wisely!

The minimum number of points in the unified state exam for each subject required for admission to a university is annually established by the Ministry of Education and Science. According to the law on education, universities and institutes have the right to independently raise the thresholds, therefore, in order to get into a prestigious educational institution, even on a contract, it is often necessary to score significantly more than the ministry and Rosobrnadzor or departments that are subordinate to specialized academies, universities (law, military , medical, agricultural, etc.). Ratings of universities, information blocks on their websites and automatic search systems, designed specifically for the fact that applicants could select a university based on the USE scores, help to assess the chances of admission.

Ways to choose a university in the subjects of the Unified State Examination

There are three effective methods:

A good guide to get a general idea of ​​​​the competition and the level of results of the unified state exam, with which the average applicant is enrolled in an educational institution, is all kinds of ratings. In them, universities are ranked last by USE scores, but this indicator is directly dependent on the authority, prestige and popularity of the university*:

*The table uses RAEX data.

In 2012, for the first time in the Russian Federation, Expert RA presented a consolidated list of the popularity of universities, compiled on the basis of data rating agencies countries. The top twenty were (excluding positions):

• 12 universities in Moscow: MGIMO, MSTU, Moscow State University, MEPhI, MIPT, NUST MISiS, First Medical University, Financial University of the Government of the Russian Federation, RANEPA, Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Russian National Research Medical University, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia;
• 3 educational institutions of St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, ITMO;
• 5 regional universities: Kazan Federal University (Kazan), Novosibirsk State University (Novosibirsk), Tomsk State University (Tomsk), Tomsk Polytechnic University, UrFU. B. N. Yeltsin.

Student anti-rating

The most negative reviews in the course of a survey conducted by Rossiyskaya Gazeta (RG) among applicants, students and university graduates were received by:

• St. Petersburg GEM;
• UrFU them. Yeltsin.

Respondents are not satisfied with useless boring lectures, insufficient level of teaching professionalism, low quality of seminars, not very strong fellow students, problems with the hostel, indifference and incompetence of dean's office staff.

Information on university Internet sites

The most reliable option for selecting a university by USE scores and subjects is to study the websites of educational institutions. Official university portals contain reliable information reflecting the current state of affairs. Information is posted in sections like "Entry Campaign", "Applicant", "Applicants" or "Admission Rules". Usually these are summary tables indicating the specialties, directions needed for enrolling exams and the minimum passing score.

For example, the selection service on the MSU website looks like this:

If you select the option "By USE subjects", after entering the results, the system will offer options for faculties for admission and tell you which exams are needed:

For almost all other institutions, the search is organized much easier than for the flagship of Russian higher education, but it is quite informative, and to find necessary information in the relevant sections is easy:

Automated systems

There are many online guides on the Internet designed to facilitate the search for a university by USE scores and assess the chances of enrolling in a budget or contract. The so-called calculators are programs whose work is based on a comparison of the entered information about the marks for the unified state exam and the data of last year's competition in different educational institutions.

There are two types of search engines:

• universal - allow you to make a choice among the universities included in the list;
• local - demonstrate the results within the same institution.

In calculators, the applicant, as a rule, after entering the data, receives a list of universities indicating:

• specialties;
• faculties;
• passing and average scores for admission to free studies and under a contract;
• the cost of training on the contract.

Selecting a university by USE scores: the best services

In order not to waste time, it is better to choose reputable sites that work exclusively with up-to-date and verified information.

"Do the right thing" Ministry of Education and Science

The application was developed and launched with the support of the Ministry of Education in 2017. This is perhaps the best service for choosing a place of study in terms of subjects and final exam scores. It contains the most relevant and reliable information, confirmed by universities. The data is issued on the basis of an analysis of the information submitted to Rosobrnadzor by 700 subordinate to the ministry and 1,000 departmental educational institutions (including branches). The base is constantly updated.

Using the calculator, users can quickly and easily find:

• contacts of admissions committees;
• accreditation data;
• list of specialties and areas of study;
• the cost of training on the contract;
• passing scores of previous years, etc.

The application conducts a search by several criteria at once and allows you to compare universities according to the selected parameters.

Its database contains a long list of 520 universities, institutes and academies of the Russian Federation. Combines the function of choosing a university by specialties, subjects and USE scores.

The search is based on the analysis of a number of individual parameters:

• training conditions (forms - full-time, part-time, evening; cost; availability of a military department, hostel);
• location (city, district, distance from the metro);
• readiness to pass an additional exam;
• the presence of personal achievements.

Website "Russian education"

We can say that the list of universities by USE passing scores, presented on this federal portal, is the predecessor of the more modern, convenient and informative project of the Ministry of Education and Science "Do the right thing."

Website high school economy offers to use its own service, which is included in the top 10 of similar resources. The service makes step-by-step hints:

and predicts the probability of enrollment in budget and contract training.

• choose the direction of training;
• region of study;
• enter USE scores (the service will automatically highlight the required cells for the selected direction or specialty).

To personalize the search and find, for example, the nearest university to your home, you can specify the name of a particular university, the form of study (budget, contract).

You can get the most complete information using several different services at once. The listed options will complement the online calculator.

When choosing a university based on the USE scores, do not forget about additional entrance tests, which must be passed when entering many higher educational institutions. Often, their results make significant adjustments to the final grade of the applicant.