Historical events and the facts are very informative and interesting. They give us a unique opportunity to understand what is happening in a given period of development of human society, nations and countries. Almost all peoples have interesting historical facts. Russia has a lot of them. This is easily explained by the rich centuries-old past of our country. Widespread legends about rulers, about scientific and technological progress, about art and culture have always attracted and continue to attract citizens of other states. The following are examples of such historical facts.
About rulers
From the beginning in 1825, the rulers in our country alternate according to the principle "bald - hairy". This pattern has persisted to this day.
About television
In 1992, the chiming clock on television in new year's eve delayed for one minute.
About money
The double-headed eagle on the coins is not the coat of arms of the country, but the emblem of the Bank of Russia.
Scientific and historical fact
This man, the only one in the world, lives in Russia - He spent more than 800 hours in space, moving at high speed. According to the theory of relativity, time slows down at high speeds. It has been calculated that the astronaut returned to Earth 0.02 seconds younger.
About laws
In 1994, the government passed a law prohibiting dogs from barking between 11 pm and 7 am. This law is valid even now, but only on the territory of Moscow. It is also noteworthy that the legislative act does not spell out what punishment the violator will suffer.
Facts from geography
The Russian Federation is almost twice as large as the United States. St. Petersburg metro is the deepest in the whole world. connects the capital and the city of Vladivostok and is the longest railway line in the world. Siberian taiga - 8% of the earth's land.
Technique
There are more Kalashnikov assault rifles in the world than all other weapons models combined.
On the rulers and laws of tsarist Russia
Interesting historical facts about Russia are not always accurate and scientifically verified. For example, according to some historians, Ivan the Terrible did not kill his son.
In Russia, the equality of men and women was proclaimed 2 years earlier than in the United States.
Peter the Great had his own way of dealing with drunkenness in the country. He ordered to give medals, which weighed more than 7 kg, to all the guilty. They were obliged not to remove it for seven days.
Racketmaker - the department that was in charge of receiving petitions under Peter the Great.
An interesting one is rich in facts from the life of the tsarist army: Nicholas the First, as a punishment for delinquent officers, provided a choice between keeping watch out of turn and listening to the opera.
Denbey is the first Japanese who came to Russia. In 1695 he arrived in Kamchatka, and in 1701 he reached Moscow. Peter the Great obliged him to teach Japanese to Russian children in schools.
"Here lies Suvorov" - the inscription on the plate near the monument to the commander.
Boris and Gleb are the first Russians canonized as saints (1072).
Interesting historical facts in pre-revolutionary Russia
About the army and navy
In the Russian imperial fleet, the command "Cover yourself!" meant to wear a hat.
In the army of imperial times there was the rank of cornet, and in the modern one - ensign, in the army of imperial times - the rank of lieutenant, and in the modern one - lieutenant.
Facts from geography
1740 is the coldest winter in Russia.
After 1703 Poganye Prudy in Moscow began to be called ... Chistye Prudy!
About science
M. V. Lomonosov is the founder of Moscow State University, but he himself never visited this university.
About the people
In ancient Russia, grasshoppers were called dragonflies.
In Russia, the "original" is a stick used to beat a witness to a crime.
An interesting historical fact is that the Thai anthem was written in 1902 by a Russian composer.
Interesting about the politics of the USSR. historical truth
What was called the Cuban Crisis in the USSR was called the Cuban Crisis in the United States, and the October Crisis in Cuba itself.
An interesting historical fact is that legally the war between Germany and the USSR ended on January 21, 1955. The decision was made by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In 1931, the Red Army and White Guards fought on the same side, at the request of the Governor-General of the Chinese province Sheng Shicai, they suppressed the uprising of the Turkic population.
Unusual historical facts of the USSR
In the Second World War, the machine gunner Semyon Konstantinovich Hitler fought in the Red Army.
At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the USSR used tractors in battles due to a shortage of combat vehicles.
During the entire period of the Cold War, the world twice stood on the verge of a nuclear catastrophe due to failures in computer systems in the USSR and the USA. A nuclear war was averted only thanks to the experienced military leaders of both superpowers.
During the Great Patriotic War, mines were neutralized by dogs specially trained for this, they were the main assistants to sappers.
In the USSR, the main opponent of the Nazis, according to Hitler, was the announcer Yuri Levitan, and not Stalin, as many believe.
Entertaining science and technology in the USSR
In the village of Baikonur, in the Kazakh SSR, a wooden spaceport was built in the 1950s. This was done in order to mislead enemy states. This spaceport is located more than 350 km from this village.
During the Second World War, a flying tank was designed in the USSR based on the design of the A-40 tank, but the project was closed due to a lack of powerful tugs.
The laser pistol was invented in the Soviet Union in 1984.
The Americans offered the USSR to launch the first to space not dogs, but black.
GAZ-21 has a wide range of models, including a right-hand drive model with an automatic transmission.
The T-28 tank could overcome "lunar landscapes". This was the name of the territory, seriously affected by the hostilities.
A scientific and historical fact: a space device that the Soviet Union wanted to launch into space to explore Mars showed during tests that there is no life on Earth. After this incident, he was sent for revision.
About famous people
The list of gifts for Stalin's seventieth birthday was published in newspapers for more than three years.
Rokossovsky is a marshal of the USSR and Poland at the same time.
Khrushchev subjected to ridicule and sharp criticism of the paintings painted by artists in the direction of avant-garde. At the same time, he often used obscene language.
Vladimir Putin, when he served in the KGB, had the call sign "Mol".
About laws
In the Soviet Union there was a tax on childlessness.
About sport
Lev Yashin - famous football goalkeeper, took bronze at the USSR ice hockey championship in 1953.
The main prize in Sportloto has been won only twice in the history of this game.
Music and TV
Evgeny Leonov in cartoons voiced such a character as Winnie the Pooh.
The group "Aria" has a song called "Will and Reason", few people know that this is the motto of the Nazis in fascist Italy.
Facts from geography
In the early 1920s, the city of Novosibirsk had two time zones. On the left bank of the Ob River, the difference with the capital was 3 hours, and on the right bank, 4 hours.
In the 20s and 30s of the twentieth century, Vladikavkaz was the center of both the Ingush and North Ossetian republics.
About the meaning of words
The word "zek" means "a prisoner of the Red Army".
"Unknown" world history
This or that historical fact does not always sound plausible and understandable for a contemporary. Examples are shown below.
During the time of Genghis Khan in Mongolia, anyone who dared to urinate in any body of water was executed. Because the water in the desert was valued more than gold.
In England, in 1665-1666, the plague devastated entire villages. It was then that medicine recognized the usefulness of smoking, which supposedly destroyed the deadly infection. Children and teenagers were punished if they refused to smoke.
Ancient Egyptian beauties evenly distributed pieces of fat through their hair. In the sun, they melted and evenly covered the hair with a greasy, shiny layer, which was considered very fashionable.
The famous inventor of the sewing machine, Isaac Singer, was married to five women at the same time. In general, from all the women he had 15 children. He named all his daughters Mary. Probably not to be mistaken...
Interesting historical facts of the funeral theme: the English admiral Nelson, who lived from 1758 to 1805, slept in his cabin in a coffin that was cut out of the mast of an enemy French ship. His "feat" was repeated by a French actress who taught her texts while lying in a coffin. She often took this prop on tour, which made those around her very nervous. In the Middle Ages, sailors deliberately inserted at least one gold tooth, even sacrificing a healthy one. What for? It turns out that for a rainy day, so that in case of death he could be honorably buried away from home.
Approximately half of New Yorkers speak more than one language other than their native American English by the age of 5.
In 2007, about 46 million tourists visited New York, leaving more than $28 billion in the city!
The entire story lasted only 38 minutes. So many "fought" Zanzibar and England in 1896. England won.
A few more myths. Or is it true?
Historians claim that on Cocos Island, located 300 miles south of Costa Rica, pirates hid a treasure worth two billion dollars. Archaeologists are searching.
The most incomprehensible mystery of mankind is death. What happens to a person after he dies? Modern scientists are conducting large-scale and multi-million dollar research in this area. So far, there is only a 100% conclusion that human consciousness continues to exist after physical death.
Official figures from the British Admiralty claim that as a result of shipwrecks, an eighth of all gold and silver mined on earth rests on the seabed. Today, on the black market, you can buy an old map with the coordinates of the treasure. Is this true or a scam? In 1985, using such a map, Mel Fisher found the Spanish galleon Nuestra Senora off the coast of Florida, which sank in the distant 1622. From the bottom of the ship, he managed to raise valuables worth 450 (!) Million dollars.
In some countries, every movement of citizens is tracked by special services with the help of Internet tracking programs. Sensors are built into modern phones, TVs, computers. Global espionage is rampant. Is it true? Who knows...
Interesting stories, data and traditions always capture. On the one hand, the volume of information and its availability is growing incredibly today. But on the other hand, choose the right one in this stream interesting fact It is very difficult not to drown in the sea of something interesting. In this article, we have collected interesting details about our world, its inhabitants and events.
1. Mysterious Mixin
An interesting representative is found in the waters of the oceans fauna- mixina. This order of vertebrates is represented by 15 species, the largest number of which is distributed off the western coast of North America.
Myxina is an ancient animal, they are already more than 300 million years old, and the structure of these creatures has not changed for almost all this time, this is some kind of intermediate link between worms and fish. Hagfish do not have a spine, only a skull, which makes up the entire skeleton. Mixins are vicious predators. They gnaw out the insides of fish with their powerful tongue with sharp teeth. By the way, there is interesting fact about the fact that hagfish actively use fishing nets - they attack immobilized fish and often leave fishermen without a catch. Therefore, in Northern Europe, fishermen often have to change places of fishing, fleeing from impudent primitive predators.
The body of the creatures is covered with a thick layer of mucus and can be tied into a knot, which is wonderful. defense mechanism. The largest animals reach 127 cm, although usually the dimensions of the hagfish do not exceed 45-70 cm. The internal structure of the hagfish is also amazing - it has 4 hearts, one nostril and two brains. There are 2 eyes and light-sensitive elements near the cloaca - the hagfish "feels" the light, but does not distinguish the image. Mixins reproduce by laying eggs. At the same time, their fertilization is external, and in some species there may be only one male per hundred females.
2. swiss hemp
Switzerland invented most An interesting way to combat the illegal distribution of marijuana. Residents of the country were allowed to grow 4 cannabis bushes for personal use. Of course it is possible smile such naivety, but there is a certain logic in the decision. after all, if someone needs hemp, then no matter how cruel the prohibitions are, he will still find it. Then let better man just grow a bush so dear to his heart.
But one must also take into account interesting fact that everyone is entitled to cannabis, which means that a family of 4-5 people will already have a whole, and completely legal, clearing of 16-20 bushes.
3. Birth of M&M's
Forrest Mars Sr. got the idea for his famous candies during the Spanish Civil War. He saw how the soldiers ate chocolate dragees, and due to the shell of hardened chocolate, the sweets did not melt and did not smear their fingers.
Actually M&M's began to produce in 1941. Candies immediately became very popular, so much so that they were even included in the food rations of American soldiers on the fronts of World War II.
4. Long-legged spider crab
One of most The largest arthropod on Earth is the Japanese spider crab. Its cephalothorax is up to 37 cm long, but if you measure the crab with its legs, you get all 4 meters! This representative fauna It feeds on animal remains and shellfish and can live up to 100 years. I usually use it for scientific, food and decorative purposes, often settled in large aquariums.
5. rain merchant
At the beginning of the twentieth century Charles Hatfield called the rain caster. He traded in sewing machines, and in his spare time he studied materials on chemistry, physics, and meteorology. His goal was to learn how to make rain with the help of chemicals.
By 1902, Hatfield had a powerful secret mixture of 23 ingredients that had to be boiled over a fire from large zinc pans. The first few experiments were unsuccessful, but after bringing in the case of younger brother Paul, Hatfield begins to earn money on a bet to call rainfall at a certain point.
The fame of Hatfield is rapidly spreading throughout the country. The most interesting story
takes place in Sag Diego. A contract is made with the city authorities in 1915 to fill the Morena Reservoir in the amount of $10,000. As a result, multi-day downpours, terrible flooding, casualties and destruction begin, the authorities suffer losses of 3.5 million dollars. Litigation ensued after such a massive event, with opinions divided on the connection between Hatfield's activities and the rainstorms. But the process served as good advertising and the popularity of the "rain caster" only grew. Such successful events throughout the history of Hatfield, there are about 500.
During his lifetime, by the way, Charles did not reveal his secret, telling it only to Paul, with whom she died.
6. Terrible companion of Santa Claus
In Germany, Austria and Hungary in their Alpine regions there is a strange belief. According to local residents, there is a creepy creature in Santa Claus's retinue - Krampus. He specializes in punishing particularly spoiled children, and his name comes from "claw" (claw).
The first mention of Krampus dates back to the 19th century, now its popularity is falling. But some areas of Austria and Bavaria celebrate "Krampustag" (Krampus Day) on December 5th. At the same time, people wear scary costumes and scare passers-by. According to the legends Krampus kidnaps children who were especially “distinguished” last year, takes them in a bag to his castle, and then dumps them into the sea.
7. The Japanese have figured out how to "revive" the toy
Japanese designers came up with a special PINOKY device with microcontrollers and photosensors, which looks like a bracelet and is worn on the limb of a soft toy. Further, from the remote control, you can send commands to the device and the limb will move. In addition, PINOKY will be able to remember all the movements that a person did with a limb and reproduce them on a signal.
8. Pigeons of Birmingham Rollers doing somersaults in the air
In Birmingham, England, the Birmingham Rollers pigeon breed was bred, which became especially popular with amateurs due to the unusual abilities of birds. These doves can tumble in the air. Scientists cannot explain this interesting fact - there are no special reasons for tumbling in birds, and dovecote experts say that birds just like it.
9. happy coincidences
Barbara Soper gave birth to her first daughter on 08.08.08, and right on time. Literally a year later, the housewife gave birth to a son, then the doctors had to intervene, the boy was born ahead of time(September 20), but also at an amazing moment - 09/09/09. and a year later, 36-year-old Barbara gave birth to another girl. This time the doctor also had to intervene. Theoretically, the girl was supposed to be born on November 4, but due to the risk of complications, the birth was accelerated and the baby was born on 10/10/10.
Sopers say that they did not plan such a unique event, everything happened by chance, although the chance of a coincidence is only 1 in 50 million!
10. sex trainers in usa
In the US, there is a unique profession - a sex coach. He, like any other coach, must improve the level of theoretical, technical, moral and volitional training of his wards. Now this profession is very popular, and the services of such trainers are incredibly in demand. Topics covered include dating, kissing, foreplay, ejaculation, and more. In addition, the training program includes joint trips to sex shops and watching porn films. Intimacy with a coach is not included in the program, which means that the wards will have to figure it out in practice on their own.
For those who are engaged in self-education, here are some
The development of world history was not linear. At each of its stages there were events and periods that can be called "critical points". They changed both geopolitics and the worldview of people.
1. Neolithic revolution (10 thousand years BC - 2 thousand BC)
The term "Neolithic Revolution" was introduced in 1949 by the English archaeologist Gordon Child. Child called its main content the transition from an appropriating economy (hunting, gathering, fishing) to a producing economy (agriculture and cattle breeding). According to archeology, the domestication of animals and plants took place in different time independently in 7-8 regions. The earliest center of the Neolithic revolution is considered to be the Middle East, where domestication began no later than 10 thousand years BC.
2. Creation of the Mediterranean civilization (4 thousand BC)
The Mediterranean region was the hotbed of the emergence of the first civilizations. The emergence of the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia is attributed to the 4th millennium BC. e. In the same 4th millennium BC. e. The Egyptian pharaohs consolidated the lands in the Nile Valley, and their civilization rapidly expanded across the Fertile Crescent to the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and further across the Levant. This made Mediterranean countries such as Egypt, Syria and Lebanon part of the cradle of civilization.
3. Great migration of peoples (IV-VII centuries)
The Great Migration of Peoples was a turning point in history, which determined the transition from antiquity to the Middle Ages. Scientists still argue about the causes of the Great Migration, but its consequences turned out to be global.
Numerous Germanic (Franks, Lombards, Saxons, Vandals, Goths) and Sarmatian (Alans) tribes moved to the territory of the weakening Roman Empire. The Slavs reached the coast of the Mediterranean and the Baltic, settled part of the Peloponnese and Asia Minor. The Turks reached Central Europe, the Arabs began aggressive campaigns, during which they conquered the entire Middle East to the Indus, North Africa and Spain.
4. Fall of the Roman Empire (5th century)
Two powerful blows - in 410 by the Visigoths and in 476 by the Germans - crushed the seemingly eternal Roman Empire. This jeopardized the achievements of ancient European civilization. The crisis of Ancient Rome did not come suddenly, but for a long time matured from within. The military and political decline of the empire, which began in the 3rd century, gradually led to the weakening of centralized power: it could no longer manage the expanded and multinational empire. The ancient state was replaced by feudal Europe with its new organizing center - the "Holy Roman Empire". Europe for several centuries plunged into the abyss of confusion and discord.
5. Schism of the church (1054)
In 1054 there was a final split christian church to East and West. Its reason was the desire of Pope Leo IX to receive territories that were subject to Patriarch Michael Cerularius. The dispute resulted in mutual church curses (anathemas) and public accusations of heresy. The western church was called the Roman Catholic (Roman world church), and the eastern one was called the Orthodox. The path to the Schism was long (almost six centuries) and began with the so-called Akakievsky schism of 484.
6. Little Ice Age (1312-1791)
The beginning of the Little Ice Age, which began in 1312, led to a whole ecological catastrophe. According to experts, during the period from 1315 to 1317, almost a quarter of the population died out due to the Great Famine in Europe. Hunger was a constant companion of people throughout the Little Ice Age. In the period from 1371 to 1791, there were 111 famine years in France alone. In 1601 alone, half a million people died of starvation in Russia due to crop failures.
However, the Little Ice Age gave the world not only famine and high mortality. It also became one of the reasons for the birth of capitalism. Coal became the source of energy. For its extraction and transportation, workshops with hired workers began to be organized, which became a harbinger of the scientific and technological revolution and the birth of a new formation public organization- capitalism. Some researchers (Margaret Anderson) also associate the settlement of America with the consequences of the Little Ice Age - people traveled for a better life from "God forsaken" Europe.
7. The era of the great geographical discoveries (XV-XVII centuries)
The era of the great geographical discoveries radically expanded the ecumene of humanity. In addition, it created an opportunity for the leading European powers to make the most of their overseas colonies, exploiting their human and Natural resources and deriving huge profits from it. Some scholars also directly link the triumph of capitalism to transatlantic trade, which gave rise to commercial and financial capital.
8. Reformation (XVI-XVII centuries)
The beginning of the Reformation is considered to be the speech of Martin Luther, doctor of theology at the University of Wittenberg: on October 31, 1517, he nailed his “95 Theses” to the doors of the Wittenberg Castle Church. In them, he spoke out against the existing abuses of the Catholic Church, in particular against the sale of indulgences.
The reformation process gave rise to many so-called Protestant wars, which seriously affected the political structure of Europe. Historians consider the signing of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 to be the end of the Reformation.
9. Great French Revolution (1789-1799)
The French Revolution that broke out in 1789 not only turned France from a monarchy into a republic, but also summed up the collapse of the old European order. Its slogan: "Freedom, equality, fraternity" excited the minds of the revolutionaries for a long time. The French Revolution not only laid the foundations for the democratization of European society - it appeared as a cruel machine of senseless terror, the victims of which were about 2 million people.
10. Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)
The irrepressible imperial ambitions of Napoleon plunged Europe into chaos for 15 years. It all started with the invasion of French troops in Italy, and ended with an inglorious defeat in Russia. Being a talented commander, Napoleon, nevertheless, did not shun threats and intrigues, by which he subdued Spain and Holland to his influence, and also convinced Prussia to join the alliance, but then unceremoniously betrayed her interests.
During the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Italy, the Grand Duchy of Warsaw and whole line other small territorial units. In the final plans of the commander was the division of Europe between two emperors - himself and Alexander I, as well as the overthrow of Britain. But the inconsistent Napoleon himself changed his plans. The defeat in 1812 from Russia led to the collapse of Napoleonic plans in the rest of Europe. The Treaty of Paris (1814) returned France to its former borders of 1792.
11. Industrial Revolution (XVII-XIX centuries)
The industrial revolution in Europe and the USA made it possible to move from an agrarian society to an industrial one in just 3-5 generations. The invention of the steam engine in England in the second half of the 17th century is considered to be the conditional beginning of this process. Over time, steam engines began to be used in production, and then as a driving mechanism for locomotives and steamships.
The main achievements of the era of the Industrial Revolution can be considered the mechanization of labor, the invention of the first conveyors, machine tools, and the telegraph. The advent of the railroads was a huge step.
Second World War was on the territory of 40 countries, and 72 states took part in it. According to some estimates, 65 million people died in it. The war markedly weakened Europe's position in global politics and economics and led to the creation of a bipolar system in world geopolitics. Some countries during the war were able to achieve independence: Ethiopia, Iceland, Syria, Lebanon, Vietnam, Indonesia. In the countries of Eastern Europe, occupied by Soviet troops, socialist regimes were established. World War II also led to the creation of the UN.
14. Scientific and technological revolution (mid. XX century)
The scientific and technological revolution, the onset of which is usually attributed to the middle of the last century, made it possible to automate production, entrusting control and management production processes electronics. The role of information has seriously increased, which also allows us to talk about the information revolution. With the advent of rocket and space technology, human exploration of near-Earth space began.
We offer a fascinating selection of historical facts about Russia and Russian people. Informative and interesting:
The origin of the name of our country is unknown
Since ancient times, our country has been called Rus, but it is not known for certain where this name came from. But it is known how "Rus" turned into "Russia" - this happened thanks to the Byzantines, who pronounced the word "Rus" in their own way.
After the collapse of Russia, its individual regions began to be called Little Russia, White Russia and Great Russia, or Little Russia, Belarus and Great Russia. It was believed that only all these parts together make up Russia. But after the revolution of 1917 and the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, Little Russia began to be called Ukraine, and Great Russia - Russia.
In Russia, grasshoppers were called dragonflies.
A long time ago, in the time of Russia, grasshoppers were indeed called dragonflies, but this name does not in any way directly refer to the flying insect dragonfly, the grasshopper got the name "dragonfly" because of the sounds it made, which sounded like a chirp or click.
Foreign invaders only once managed to conquer Russia
Many tried to conquer Russia, and these attempts repeatedly failed. Only the Mongols were able to conquer Russia, and this happened in the 13th century. The reason for this was that Russia at that time was divided into many principalities, and the Russian princes could not unite and jointly repel the conquerors. Since then and to this day, it is the stupidity and greed of the rulers, internal conflicts that have been and remain the main source of problems for our country.
Corporal punishment in Russia
On August 11, according to the old style (24 according to the new one), 1904, corporal punishment for peasants and underage artisans was abolished in the Russian Empire. It was the last social group, for which different kinds physical impact. A little earlier, in June of the same year, corporal punishment was abolished in the navy and army.
Corporal punishment fell into three broad categories:
1) mutilating (mutilating) - depriving a person of any part of the body or damaging it (blindness, cutting out the tongue, cutting off an arm, leg or fingers, cutting off ears, nose or lips, castration);
2) painful - causing physical suffering by beating with various tools (whips, whips, batogs (sticks), gauntlets, rods, cats, molts);
3) shameful (disgraceful) - the most important is the disgrace of the punished (for example, putting up at the pillory, branding, imposing shackles, shaving the head).
The upper strata of the population were anxious about the prohibition of corporal punishment. In July 1877, the St. Petersburg mayor Trepov, in violation of the law of 1863, ordered the political prisoner Bogolyubov to be whipped with rods. The educated Bogolyubov went mad and died from such an insult, and the famous Vera Zasulich avenged him by seriously injuring Trepov. The court acquitted Zasulich.
Official Soviet pedagogy since 1917 considered corporal punishment of children unacceptable. They were banned in all types educational institutions, but in the family remained a frequent occurrence. In 1988, the journalist Filippov conducted an anonymous survey of 7,500 children from 9 to 15 years old in 15 cities of the USSR, 60% admitted that their parents used corporal punishment on them.
Cuban Missile Crisis and Black Saturday
What we call the Cuban Missile Crisis, the Americans call the Cuban Crisis, and the Cubans themselves call the October Crisis. But the whole world calls the most important day in the Caribbean crisis one name - "Black Saturday" (October 27, 1962) - the day when the world was closest to a global nuclear war.
Russia has repeatedly helped the United States in its formation and strengthening
If not for Russia, the United States would not have arisen at all, let alone become a superpower. During the War of Independence with England English king repeatedly appealed to Russia for help in suppressing the uprising. Russia, however, not only did not help, but also founded a league of armed neutrality, which was soon joined by other countries that traded with the United States despite the protests of England. During the American Civil War, Russia actively supported the northerners by sending squadrons to New York and San Francisco, while England and France wanted the US to disintegrate and took the side of the southerners. Finally, Russia ceded to the United States California and the Hawaiian Islands, where it had colonies, and then sold the United States and Alaska for a ridiculous price. However, in the 20th century, the United States, having become a world power, responded to Russia with black ingratitude.
The USSR could have easily won the Cold War
After the end of World War II, two superpowers remained in the world that clashed in a global confrontation - the USA and the USSR. Despite the worst starting conditions, the USSR in the 60s pulled ahead in many respects, and many believed that it would win in the fight against the capitalists. In the 70s, the capitalist world was struck by a severe crisis provoked by rising oil prices, and the US economy was on the verge of collapse. However, the Soviet leadership not only did not take advantage of the situation, but, on the contrary, actually saved its enemy by signing disarmament agreements and agreeing to sell oil for dollars. The United States, on the contrary, relied on the collapse of the USSR and victory in the Cold War, which, in the end, they were able to achieve 20 years later, with the complicity of traitors among the Soviet leadership.
The first Japanese in Russia
The first Japanese who came to Russia was Denbei, the son of a merchant from Osaka. His ship was nailed to the shores of Kamchatka in 1695. In 1701 he reached Moscow.
In the winter of 1702, after an audience on January 8 with Peter I in the village of Preobrazhenskoye, Denbey received an order to become a translator and teacher of the Japanese language in the Artillery Order. Denbey personally told what he could to Peter I about Japan and thus gave impetus to Russian efforts to explore Kamchatka and the Kuriles and attempts to open trade with Japan.
Since 1707, Denbey lived at the palace of the prince and at one time the governor of the Siberian province, Matvey Gagarin. It is known that at the insistence of an associate of Peter I, Jacob Bruce, Denbey was baptized and took the name Gabriel Bogdanov (which blocked his way back to Japan, where Christianity was forbidden). The school of translators from Japanese founded by him operated in Moscow until 1739, after which it was transferred to Irkutsk, where it existed until 1816.
Prior to Denbey, only one Japanese is known in Russia. During the reign of Boris Godunov, a Japanese of the Christian faith visited Russia. He was a young Catholic from Manila, who, together with his spiritual mentor Nicholas Melo of the Order of St. Augustine, traveled to Rome along the route Manila - India - Persia - Russia. But the Time of Troubles turned out to be tragic for them: they were captured by foreign Catholics, and Tsar Boris Godunov exiled them to the Solovetsky Monastery. After six years of exile, he was executed as a supporter of False Dmitry I in 1611 in Nizhny Novgorod. In Russia, he was considered an Indian, not a Japanese.
Favorite commander of Catherine II
Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov was a favorite of Empress Catherine. She celebrated and showered awards on the Russian Macedonian, and he happened to allow himself what was unacceptable to others, knowing in advance that Catherine would always forgive any trick or eccentricities of the great commander. Here are some interesting cases:
Once, at a court ball, Catherine decided to pay attention to Suvorov and asked him:
- What to treat dear guest? - Bless, queen, vodka! “But what will my ladies-in-waiting say when they talk to you?” “They will feel that a soldier is talking to them!”
Once, in a conversation, the empress said that she planned to send Suvorov to serve in Finland in the future. Suvorov bowed to the Empress, kissed her hand and returned home. Then he got into the mail coach and left for Vyborg, from where he sent a message to Catherine: “I am waiting, mother, for your further commands.”
It is known that Suvorov dressed very lightly even in severe frosts. Catherine II gave Suvorov a fur coat and ordered him to wear it. What to do? Suvorov began to carry the donated fur coat with him everywhere, but he kept it on his knees.
After the pacification of the Poles in 1794, Suvorov sent a messenger with a message. The “message” is the following: “Hurrah! Warsaw is ours! Catherine's response: "Hurrah! Field Marshal Suvorov! And this is at the time of lengthy reports about the capture of cities. How did you send an SMS. But, nevertheless, he failed to surpass Field Marshal Saltykov in lapidarity, who, after the battle with the Prussians at Kunersdorf during the Seven Years' War, simply sent the hat of the Prussian king found on the battlefield to St. Petersburg.
Kutuzov is not a pirate, he does not need an eye patch!
In recent years, images of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Army in 1812, Field Marshal His Serene Highness Prince M.I. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, with a bandage over his right eye, began to be massively replicated. The "one-eyed" Kutuzov can be seen on the covers of books and magazines, in the paintings of contemporary artists and on various souvenirs, as well as on busts and monuments.
Such images do not correspond to historical accuracy, since Kutuzov never wore eye patches. There is not a single memoir or epistolary evidence of Kutuzov's contemporaries describing a field marshal with a bandage over his right eye. Moreover, Kutuzov did not need to hide his eye under a bandage, since he saw with this eye, although not as well as with his left.
“Fate appoints Kutuzov to something great,” Masso, the chief surgeon of the Russian army, said with amazement, who examined Kutuzov’s “mortal wound” in the head in 1788 near Ochakovo. The bullet passed right through from temple to temple behind both eyes. The verdict of the doctors was unequivocal - death, but Kutuzov not only did not die, but did not even lose his sight, although his right eye was a little skewed. The surprise of doctors and the whole world that Kutuzov remained alive and after 6 months was again in the ranks was boundless, like 14 years before, when he was first "mortally wounded." In 1774, near Alushta, as well as near Ochakov, Kutuzov was wounded in the head, and the bullet passed almost in the same place. Then doctors all over Europe considered Kutuzov's recovery a miracle, and many believed that the news of the general's injury and cure was a fairy tale, because. it was impossible to survive after such a wound.
In fact, at the beginning of the XIX century. it was not customary to wear an eye patch after the wound had healed (even if the eye was completely absent). For the first time, the "one-eyed" Kutuzov appeared in 1944 in the feature film "Kutuzov". Then the bandage on Kutuzov's right eye was put on by the directors of the musical comedy film "Hussar Ballad" (1962) and the performance of the same name (1964) and ballet (1979).
The image of Kutuzov, brilliantly played by Igor Ilyinsky, gave rise to a stable legend that Kutuzov wore a patch on his injured eye. The replication of this legend in recent years has taken on such a massive character that it has begun to lead to a distortion of historical reality.
Jesters of Empress Anna Ioannovna
The niece of Peter I ruled the Russian Empire for 10 years. The stern disposition of the Russian landowner did not prevent her from having fun.
It is known that Empress Anna Ioannovna was very fond of jesters and dwarfs. There were six of them at her court. Three of them were demoted aristocrats. So, she forced princes Mikhail Golitsyn and Nikita Volkonsky, as well as Count Alexei Apraksin, to play the role of a jester. The illustrious clowns were supposed to grimace in the presence of the empress, sit on top of each other and beat with their fists until they bleed or portray brood hens and cackle. AT Last year of her reign, the empress arranged the wedding of her jesters - the 50-year-old Prince Golitsyn and the ugly Kalmyk girl Anna Buzheninova, who received her last name in honor of the empress's favorite dish. Representatives of different nationalities of both sexes were discharged from all over the country to participate in wedding celebrations: Russians, Tatars, Mordvins, Chuvashs, etc. They were supposed to dress up in their national clothes and have musical instruments. It was winter. By order of Anna Ioannovna, an ice House was built on the Neva, in which everything - walls, doors, windows, furniture, utensils - was made of ice. This is where the wedding ceremony took place. Numerous candles were burning in ice candlesticks, and even the marriage bed for the "young" was arranged on an ice bed.
Peter I and guards
In winter, slingshots were placed on the Neva, so that after dark they would not let anyone into or out of the city. Once, Emperor Peter I decided to check the guards himself. He drove up to one of the sentries, pretended to be a spree merchant and asked to be let through, offering money for the pass. The sentry refused to let him through, although Peter had already reached 10 rubles, a very significant amount at that time. The sentry, seeing such stubbornness, threatened that he would be forced to shoot him.
Peter left and went to another sentry. The same one let Peter in for 2 rubles.
The next day, an order was announced for the regiment: hang the corrupt sentry, and drill the rubles he received and hang it around his neck.
Promote a conscientious sentry to corporal and welcome him with ten rubles.
Thai national anthem
The Thai national anthem was written in 1902 by the Russian composer Pyotr Shchurovsky.
Nicholas I gave his officers the choice between a guardhouse and listening to Glinka's operas as punishment.
On November 27, 1842, the first performance of M. I. Glinka's opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" took place, which brought a number of sensitive sorrows to the author. The public and high society did not like the opera, Emperor Nicholas I defiantly left after Act IV, without waiting for the end. He did not like the music of the opera so much that he ordered the offending officers of the capital to choose between the guardhouse and listening to Glinka's music as a punishment. So the emperor additionally expressed his displeasure with the composer's work. Such were the customs, alas. Thank God that Nikolai himself did not send the composer to the guardhouse.
"Thank God you are Russian"
In 1826, a "Russian contemporary" described the appearance of the sovereign - Emperor Nicholas I: " tall, lean, had a wide chest ... a quick look, a sonorous voice, suitable for a tenor, but spoke somewhat quickly ... There was some kind of genuine severity in the movements.
"Genuine severity" ... When he commanded the troops, he never shouted. There was no need for this - the king's voice could be heard a mile away; tall grenadiers looked just like children next to him. Nikolai led an ascetic life, but if we talk about the luxury of the court, magnificent receptions, they stunned everyone, especially foreigners. This was done in order to emphasize the status of Russia, which the sovereign cared about incessantly.
General Pyotr Daragan recalled how, in the presence of Nikolai Pavlovich, he spoke French, grazing. Nikolai, suddenly making an exaggeratedly serious face, began to repeat every word after him, which brought his wife to a fit of laughter. Daragan, crimson with shame, ran out into the waiting room, where Nikolai caught up with him and, kissing him, explained: “Why are you burring? No one will take you for a Frenchman; thank God that you are Russian, and monkeying is no good.”
Interesting historical facts beckon with their diversity. Thanks to them, humanity has a unique opportunity to understand what happened in a particular period of development of a nation, society and states. Facts from history are not only what we were told in school. There are many secrets from this area of knowledge.
1. Peter the Great had his own method to fight alcoholism in the country. Drunkards were awarded medals, which weighed about 7 kilograms, and they could not be removed from oneself.
2. In the days of Ancient Russia, grasshoppers were called dragonflies.
3.The national anthem of Thailand was written by a Russian composer.
5. Those who urinated in the pond were executed during the time of Genghis Khan.
7. Braids were a sign of feudalism in China.
8. The virginity of English women in Tudor times was symbolized by bracelets on their hands and a tightly tightened corset.
9. Nero, who was an emperor in ancient Rome, married his male slave.
10. In ancient times in India, mutilation of the ears was used as a punishment.
11. Arabic numerals were not invented by Arabs, but by mathematicians from India.
13. Foot binding was considered an ancient tradition of the Chinese people. The essence of this was to make the foot smaller, and therefore more feminine and beautiful.
14. Morphine was once used to reduce coughs.
15. The ancient Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun's parents were a sister and a brother.
16. Gaius Julius Caesar had the nickname "boots".
17. Elizabeth the First covered her own face with white lead and vinegar. So she hid traces of smallpox.
18. The hat of Monomakh was the symbol of the Russian tsars.
19. Pre-revolutionary Russia was considered the most non-drinking country.
20. Until the 18th century, Russia did not have a flag.
21.Since November 1941, there was a tax on childlessness in the Soviet Union. It was 6% of the total salary.
22. Help in clearing objects during the Second World War was provided by trained dogs.
23. Virtually no earthquake was recorded during large-scale nuclear tests in 1960-1990.
24. For Hitler, the main enemy was not Stalin, but Yuri Levitan. He even announced a reward of 250,000 marks for his head.
25. In the Icelandic "Saga of Hakon Hakonarson" it was said about Alexander Nevsky.
26. Fist fights have long been famous in Russia.
27. Catherine II abolished flogging for the military for same-sex contacts.
28. Only Joan of Dark managed to expel the invaders from France, who called herself the messenger of God.
29. The length of the Cossack gull, which we remember from the history of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, reached about 18 meters.
30. Genghis Khan defeated the Keraites, Merkits and Naimans.
31. By order of Emperor Augustus, in ancient Rome they did not build houses that were higher than 21 meters. This minimized the risk of being buried alive.
32. The Colosseum is considered the bloodiest place in history.
33. Alexander Nevsky had the military rank of "Khan".
34. In the days of the Russian Empire, it was allowed to carry edged weapons.
35. Soldiers in Napoleon's army addressed the generals as "you".
36. During the Roman war, soldiers lived in tents of 10 people.
37. Any touching of the emperor in Japan before World War II was blasphemy.
38. Boris and Gleb are the first Russian saints who were canonized in 1072.
39.In the Great Patriotic War a Red Army machine gunner with the name Semyon Konstantinovich Hitler, who was a Jew by nationality, participated.
40. In the old days in Russia, to clean pearls, they gave it to peck at a chicken. After that, the chicken was slaughtered, and the pearls were pulled out of her stomach.
41. From the very beginning, people who do not know how to speak Greek were called barbarians.
42. In pre-revolutionary Russia, name days for Orthodox people were a more important holiday than birthdays.
43. When England and Scotland came to an alliance, Great Britain was created.
44. After Alexander the Great brought from one of his Indian campaigns to Greece cane sugar, it immediately began to be called "Indian salt".
45. In the 17th century, thermometers were filled not with mercury, but with cognac.
46. The Aztecs invented the first condom in the world. It was made from a fish bladder.
47. In 1983, not a single human birth was registered in the Vatican.
48. From the 9th to the 16th century in England there was a law that every man should practice archery every day.
49. When they stormed Winter Palace only 6 people died.
50. About 13,500 houses were destroyed in the great and famous fire of London in 1666.
