And one more unique tourist offer for active travelers who want to see Chukotka. Journey to the Cape of All Winds, Cape Navarin.
This journey is variable: it can be done by boat or on foot. How it will look like read below.
Region: Chukotka, Anadyrsky district
Arrival dates:
August 27 (arrival in Anadyr) - September 12 (departure from Anadyr)
September 12 (arrival in Anadyr) - September 27 (departure from Anadyr)
Number of participants: up to 10 people (m minimum number of group members 5 people)
Difficulty level: when traveling by boat - minimum experience in hiking, when traveling on foot - mandatory experience in participating in multi-day hikes.
Movement type: motorboat, on foot, by car
The nature of the area: mountain and shrub tundra, sea coast
Mileage: when traveling by boat:160 km. by motorboat + 50 km. on foot.
when traveling on foot - 250 km.
Settlements of Chukotka that we will visit: Anadyr, the village of Coal Mines, the village of Beringovsky and abandoned settlements: Beringovsky-1, Zarechensk, the weather station Gavriil Bay.
Description of the trip: Journey to Chukotka begins in Anadyr - the capital of the Chukotka Autonomous Region. Anadyr amazes guests with colors - a fabulous city, colorful, small, cozy. Anadyr has everything for the most whimsical traveler: comfortable hotels, numerous restaurants, a cinema, a museum, the world's largest wooden Orthodox church built on permafrost, the world's largest monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker and much more. But of course, not for these benefits of civilization, you will fly by plane for almost 8 hours.
We are going to the north of the Koryak Highlands, to the village of Beringovsky. The Koryak Upland is one of the most picturesque travel destinations in Russia. Autumn in these parts is a real firework of colors. For people tempted by hiking romance, the walking route will bring real pleasure. Mountain rivers and tundra are picturesque and fantastically landscaped, especially when you find yourself on mountain lakes. We will overcome the 100-kilometer route to the Gabriel Bay, where the abandoned polar weather station is located, in 5 days.
Those who do not like multi-kilometer crossings will go to Gabriel's Bay on a motor boat. The most picturesque shores, sheer cliffs with numerous bird colonies, the Coast of Broken Ships, in the area of the Cape of Military Topographers, will not leave anyone indifferent. This is a unique and amazing sight. Upon reaching the weather station, the group will spend a few days at the lodge waiting for the walking participants, enjoying the breathtaking views and watching the whales migrate.
Further, our joint path lies on Cape Navarin, the most stormy place in Russia. We will visit the lighthouse built 30 years ago, which is magnificent in its location, we will see and fish in the rivers of salmon going to spawn.
But all this splendor is just a prelude to a truly enthralling spectacle. The peninsula extending deep into the sea ends with Mount Heiden. The five-hundred-meter mountain, gently sloping from the mainland, breaks off to the sea with vertical rocks. Lying on a ledge of a rock, you can watch the flights of birds for hours and look at the deafening sea surf. "Between heaven and earth" - this is the most accurate description that a person experiences in these places. For the sake of a few hours at Cape Navarin, it is worth driving and walking hundreds of kilometers. A person who is completely far from ornithology and birdwatching, in this place will be able to realize all the beauty of their free soaring, because the birds are everywhere here: from above, from the side, from below, it seems you just need to reach out and you will get them.
No less spectacular is the ocean covered with thick clouds, in which the tops of distant capes stick out like islands. This journey can be safely called a journey to the country of beauty.
Unique features:
- see the largest wooden Orthodox church built on permafrost (in Anadyr)
- take a picture near the world's largest monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker (Anadyr)
- visit the most stormy region of Russia, Cape Navari (Cape of All Winds)
- catch grayling and char on spinning
- visit the southernmost polar weather station "Gavriil Bay" (abandoned)
- see one of the largest bird markets in Chukotka (up to 1 million birds) near Cape Navarin
- make a trip on sea motor boats along the coast of Chukotka, see the Coast of Broken Ships (for those who go the route on motor boats)
- watch bears, black-capped marmots, whales
- take a picture near the only locomobile in Chukotka
Cost of participation: 120 thousand rubles for participants of the walking route and 160 thousand rubles for those traveling by boat. The cost of the tour includes the purchase of tickets on the route Anadyr-Beringovsky-Anadyr, expedition meals, accommodation in Anadyr, Beringovsky settlement, tourist equipment: tent, emergency communications equipment, campfire and other equipment, rental of sea and road transport.
The price does not include payment for tickets to Anadyr, meals in Anadyr and Beringovsky settlement.
The terms of participation: Application for participation must be sent by e-mail: [email protected]
After submitting the application, it is necessary to make an advance payment in the amount of 50% of participation in the trip. Prepayment must be made before April 1, 2016. This is a prerequisite, because during this period it is necessary to redeem tickets for local flights. You pay the rest of the cost upon arrival in Anadyr.
Question: What should I do if I have decided on the desire to travel after April 1, 2016?
Answer: You have the opportunity to get on the trip, but the cost of participation increases by 20%.
Question: if I made an advance payment, but in the future I have to refuse to participate in the trip?
Answer: the amount of the prepayment will be returned to you, minus 10% of the cost of the tour, which is an organizational fee.
Question: can the trip be cancelled?
Answer: maybe if the number of participants is less than 5 people. You will be informed about the cancellation of the tour at least 30 days before the start of the tour. In this case, the deposit will be fully refunded.
Question: How to get to Anadyr?
Answer: Anadyr can be reached by a direct flight from Moscow - the UTair airline, as well as by flights from Khabarovsk, Yakutsk and Magadan - the Yakutia airline. The last three directions are subsidized and a ticket from Khabarovsk, Yakutsk and Magadan to Anadyr costs 8,000 rubles. Thus, it is sometimes cheaper to fly connecting flights from Moscow via Khabarovsk (Yakutsk or Magadan) to Anadyr.
In addition to these questions, you will have a lot of other questions, including equipment, weather, food, etc. things. All these questions will be answered in detail by e-mail.
When you fly over Europe, you see a scattering of lights, cities, ribbons of roads. The flight over the expanses of Siberia creates an amazing illusion: the planet seems uninhabited.
Anadyr
The first thing you notice at the airport is a small, dirty pile of snow that hasn't melted yet. And it's summer!
The airport is located only 10 km from the city, but the path from the gangway to the hotel is unusual. It is impossible to get to Anadyr by land: planes land and take off on the other side of the huge Anadyr estuary. When this water surface is ice-bound, minibuses run along winter roads, turning their wheels over a multi-meter water column. You can also pay extra for a seat in a helicopter that picks up wealthy polar explorers from the airfield. As for our flight, all its passengers were transported upon arrival by small river boats.
At one of them we met Stepan Selezny from the Chernihiv region. It turned out that he was on his way to work, and has been working in Chukotka for many years together with a team of builders, in which almost all of them are from Ukraine. Working hands are needed in the North, they pay well here, so even Turks and Canadians work. But Ukrainian workers are not entirely legally employed - at least some of them.
In Anadyr itself, the accentuated diversity of house coloring is surprising: modern five-story buildings here stand on piles, as if on needles - these are special foundations for permafrost, and local buildings are made up of multi-colored blocks - blue and burgundy, brown and green, yellow and blue ... Tones muffled, dim, and this is understandable: the general background of the leaden sky is no longer so pressing on the eyes. Sometimes a huge photograph flaunts on the entire wall - a portrait of an Evenk beauty, flying birds or sailboats in the sea.
Weather in Chukotka
Chukotka was not lucky at all with the climate: neighboring Alaska is much warmer and sunnier. The fact is that northern winds they blow on the local shores, which makes the winter even more severe. Summer is hot, but always very short.
There is often a strong, simply incredible wind on the coast, so everything here is fixed, tied in knots. The most common detail of the outfit, both male and female, is the hood. Be sure to take care of this whim of the local fashion for yourself. The wind can rise suddenly, its record gusts reach 80 m / s. You need to fasten tightly, up to the throat, to the top button.
The wind can end just as suddenly. Only a slight tinnitus remains. And if you go deep into the continent, on one of the proposed tours - on all-terrain vehicles in summer, on reindeer in winter - you will be pleasantly surprised: there, behind the wall of hills, the wind is like wind, quite familiar to a European.
Governor of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
A doctor from Moscow, with whom we flew to Anadyr, told a curiosity similar to a joke about the Chukchi realities. According to him, local residents who are not very educated consider the oligarch Roman Abramovich ... a living god! This was allegedly even recorded in one of the sociological surveys conducted in Chukotka.
During Putin's rule, Abramovich was twice appointed governor of this region. Subsequently, President Medvedev terminated his powers ahead of schedule with the wording "of his own free will", but after a few days the businessman was elected to the local legislature, where he won with a truly record number of votes (96.99%) and then he was unanimously elected to the post of chairman of the Chukotsky Duma autonomous region.
The trick is that the things and phenomena brought here personally by Roman Abramovich, in some way really resemble the gifts of higher powers. It was with his arrival that the local people learned what mobile communications are, plastic cards for salaries, charter flights and much more.
Oligarch Abramovich remains the speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Chukotka to this day... Although he lives in London himself.
Polar Star
People in Anadyr are still well settled: the city is located 200 kilometers south of the Arctic Circle. This circle is just the latitude on the globe. There is no definite feature on the terrain like the Great Wall of China, although there are signs, monuments and arches on the tracks - mainly for tourists.
The ancient Greeks first reached the border of the Arctic, and they were not at all surprised that the summer sun in the Norwegian Sea was not going to hide behind the horizon. Since 100 years before their significant trip, one of Plato's students proved the existence of this phenomenon on his fingers.
At the latitude of the circle, the polar day lasts only once a day, on June 21-22, that is, the sun does not set once a year. And in the northern regions of Chukotka, daylight reigns for about a month, in June-July. And in winter, the daylight does not rise at all.
"How do you live in the middle of the polar night?" We were surprised many times. “Just like on a polar day,” the locals shrugged their shoulders. - I woke up - it means morning. The working day ends - evening.
It was not possible to admire the aurora borealis, since it is extremely rare during short summer nights and is more typical for autumn and spring. But the maid in the hotel, the Evenka girl Tinil (she allowed to call her Tatyana), spoke about another related phenomenon that happens to people in these northern regions. It is spoken "call of the North Star", or simply "meryachka". It happens that a whole team of builders will suddenly wake up at night, get out of the wagons into the street and also go into the tundra without opening their eyes. Or the Chukchi will all move out of the camp and go towards the ghostly fire.
This strange disease, which was studied by Bekhterev, affects people with an unstable psyche and poor health. It manifests itself in the fact that during flashes in the sky a person temporarily turns off, ceases to perceive the environment, but hears strange voices, sounds, magical singing, sees angels. So he goes towards them - always to the north, towards the radiance.
Problems of Chukotka
However, the Far North attracts many not only with a ghostly light. Having enlisted here for a year, then returning home, people sometimes do not find a place for themselves, they are drawn again and again to these parts. It's not just about the beauty of landscapes: for example, building houses, you can get a lot of money here.
In Chukotka they drink a lot - visitors and natives, and not only "to keep warm." The natives of the North have a special organism: it does not have an enzyme that breaks down alcohol. Therefore, they are very easy to drink, which the colonialists have used for many centuries. Poisoning with "scorched" vodka is one of the main causes of death in Chukotka. In settlements far from Anadyr, a “drunken Friday” has even been introduced, something like a soft dry law. This means that liquor is only sold on the last three days of the week. Another phenomenon - whether this is related to the problem of alcoholism or not, is unknown - but the rates of increase in the number of sexually transmitted diseases for last years in Chukotka they are horrified. They are several times larger than the national ones.
Permafrost
It was there that we went from the center of the Autonomous Okrug to a pre-paid tour. It included an internal flight Anadyr-Egvekinot and back. The travel programs were called in a very Soviet way: “Visiting reindeer breeders” with an overnight stay in a camp, “Visiting sea hunters” with accommodation in the Chukchi village of Uelkal. The cost of tours is $ 3-7 thousand per person, depending on the conditions of additional comfort.
A traveler in Chukotka needs a lot of patience and special endurance, where one should always be ready for extreme weather events. Of all the places I know, including the Siberian taiga, the peninsula holds the palm (or dwarf birch?) championship in terms of the number of midges. In addition to mosquitoes, it is teeming with: small midges, black flies, gadflies and God knows what flying ghouls. A smart tourist is one who is properly dressed, and this is all kinds of anti-mosquito equipment: windbreakers, encephalitis, mosquito hats, etc. and all this is in the local distribution network. But still it is worth stocking up in advance both clothes and chemicals. It is more reliable and in many cases cheaper.
How to go to Chukotka
The Chukotka Autonomous Okrug belongs to the border zone of Russia, and an appropriate regime operates on its territory. That is, foreigners must issue a pass there, and this is more difficult than obtaining a visa to some countries. Entry permits are issued by the Federal Border Service of the FSB of Russia on the basis of personal applications of citizens or petitions of enterprises, for example, travel agencies. It is important to know exactly your future route, since movement through the territory of Chukotka takes place from compulsory registration in all (!) points of stay.
What to see in Chukotka
Anadyr- a port city in the extreme north-east of Russia, the administrative center of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Located on the shores of the Bering Sea Bay in the permafrost zone.
Polar Lights- an optical phenomenon in the upper atmosphere, the glow of individual sections of the night sky, which is changing rapidly. Duration - from several minutes to the whole day.
golden ridge- a snow-covered mountain range on the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, extends along the coast of the Gulf of Anadyr. The highest peak is John Peak (1012 m). In these mountains in 1905 they found industrial gold reserves, hence the name.
arctic tundra- treeless natural zone, extends to the north of the taiga zone.
Chukchi etiquette
Do not be surprised if at the entrance, wherever you go (shop, entrance of the house ...) you will not immediately be able to miss each other. We are accustomed to let those who leave the premises first, and then enter ourselves. Here, on the contrary, they first give a person the opportunity to get into the heat. This Chukchi trait is from long frosty winters.
polar cuisine
Traditionally, venison is served at parking lots in local settlements. Note: here you can taste it not only in its “pure” form, but also buy sausages or eat venison soup.
Interestingly, the cost of 1 kg of this meat in the capitals of the world reaches € 60-70. Chukchi reindeer herders “rent” it for 27 rubles per kilo (about 10 UAH). On the market in Anadyr, it costs 120-130 rubles.
In Chukotka, they like to eat young shoots of the polar willow, wild onion and sorrel. And, of course, berries: cloudberries, blueberries, lingonberries, rose hips.
Among the spices, we liked pupukit root - it tastes like coriander. In general, vegetable seasonings in the Chukchi cuisine, perhaps, are no less than in Indian. Pelkumret, Lemkut, Iechavtin, Ipien - these are some of the names of local roots and herbs.
The works of recent years (Ainana et al., 1999; 2000; 2001; Mymrin, 2000, and others) show that the life support of the indigenous inhabitants of the Chukotka Peninsula is made up of wildlife resources, harvested and used by the indigenous people in traditional ways.
In the last two or three years, the list of species used by traditional fisheries includes bowhead and gray whales, beluga whales, walruses, bearded seals, akiba, and spotted seals. In a number of villages, a polar bear is regularly hunted.
The second place in the life support of the indigenous people is occupied by fish, and among them are mainly marine and anadromous fish species. In the first place among the fish, it is probably necessary to put the polar cod (cod), which (with a massive approach to the shores) is caught by all the inhabitants of the villages, from children to very old people.
In second place (in terms of catch volume) should be char. This species is caught in the sea, in estuaries and lagoons along the Chukchi coast everywhere. The fishing period is determined by the time of summer feeding of charrs, descending into the sea in May-June and returning to the rivers in August-September, that is, about three months. In winter, char is caught in the rivers much less.
Among salmon, pink salmon is caught in significant quantities along the coast, and chum salmon is caught in smaller quantities. Even less and not everywhere the inhabitants of the coast catch sockeye salmon, coho salmon. Chinook is caught only occasionally.
From purely marine fish saffron cod is harvested in significant quantities. It is usually caught during the ice period. Everywhere in small quantities flounder and goby are caught. In a number of places they take smelt, capelin, cod and a number of other marine species.
In addition to these species, a number of freshwater fish species are caught in rivers and lakes.
Invertebrates play an important role in the diet of indigenous people. They catch, and more often they collect on the shore, different types crabs (blue crab, polar crab), several types of molluscs, sea squirts. In significant quantities, in all the villages of the coast, residents use the bodies of mollusks taken from the stomachs of hunted walruses in their diet.
The indigenous inhabitants of the coast use several types of seaweeds in large quantities, called by the common collective word " sea kale". Each resident uses tens of kilograms (in wet weight) of seaweed during the year.
Of the terrestrial animals, the hare, fox, wolverine, wolf, and brown bear are most often hunted. The extraction of these species is most often carried out in the coastal part.
In the absence of federal and regional support in providing jobs and basic food, the indigenous population of the Chukotka Peninsula is engaged in self-sufficiency. In recent years, the main role in the diet of residents has been played by marine mammals, and among them are walruses, whales (grey whale, to a lesser extent - bowhead whale) and several species of seals. All whales and pinnipeds are taken from local watercraft (boats, whaleboats, leather canoes). The weapons used are carbines and hand-held harpoon guns received as humanitarian aid from Alaskan whalers.
Fat and meat of sea animals has a high calorie content. Historically, the body of the indigenous population is adapted to feeding on the proteins and fats of marine animals, and there is always an acute physiological demand for this food, even in the presence of European food. The meat is used for food in raw, boiled, frozen, dried form. There are a number original ways procurement and storage of meat and fat products of marine mammals. From the extracted animals, almost everything is used in food, with the exception of bones, some parts of the intestines and some other organs.
Procurement and use methods various kinds fish, which occupy an important place in the diet of the population, are not particularly original and are widely known. In the presence of salt, salmon are salted for storage and use in the winter. Part of the fish, in the presence of refrigerators and permafrost, is frozen. A widely used method of storing fish is by drying it without salt.
Aerial surveys in the Gulf of Anadyr, carried out in the 80s and 90s by the Magadan branch of TINRO, our own aerial surveys in the 80s showed that large groups of walruses, the number of which exceeds 50 thousand heads, are wintering in the Anadyr Bay. There are also concentrations of beluga whales, bowhead whales, and polar bears. According to MO TINRO, the number of Akiba here exceeds 125 thousand individuals. Tens of thousands of bearded seals, spotted seals and lionfish winter here. The high abundance of whales and pinnipeds is due to the high density of food objects for all types of marine mammals.
In the spring and autumn months, accumulations of humpback whales and minke whales are noted in the Anadyr Bay. Along the coast from Cape Bering to Cape Chukotsky, during the ice-free period, sea lions are observed, forming a number of coastal haulouts in this section of the coast.
St. John's wort observers from the coastal villages of the Gulf of Anadyr, carrying out a program of observation of marine mammals, in 1999 and 2000 during the autumn months noted groups of fishing vessels off the coast of the Chukotka Peninsula in the Gulf of Anadyr.
On August 10, 2000, observers from the village of Enmelen recorded that there were 10 fishing boats at Cape Chirikov. In the period from 25 to 30 August, 5-6 fishing boats were in the same area every day. On September 21-22, 2000, 4 fishing vessels were observed in the same area. On October 12, 2000, six fishing vessels were in the area from Cape Bering to Cape Chirikov. Observers from the village of Nunligran noted hieroglyphs on board the fishing boats. According to the information of the regional fish protection inspectorate, Korean vessels were fishing.
It should be noted that in the area of Cape Chirikov on the Redkin Spit there is the largest walrus rookery in Russia, where the number of animals in summer and autumn reaches from 5-10 thousand to 20-30 thousand in different years.
A similar picture of the location of fishing vessels and, probably, fishing in the Gulf of Anadyr and directly in the coastal zone of the Chukotka Peninsula was observed in 1999.
The newspaper of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug "Krayniy Sever" in 2000 repeatedly published information about the plans of the administration of the district to develop ship-based commercial fishing in the coastal zone of Chukotka. For these purposes, crabs, shrimp, trawlers were specially purchased - four or five vessels in total. As you can see from the materials above, this does not limit the fishing of third-party vessels and companies. The authorities refer to the federal legislation on the exclusive right of the subject of the federation (in this case, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug) to fish and other water resources in the 12-mile coastal zone. At the same time, the authorities forget, as always, about the right of indigenous peoples to live and survive at the expense of these same marine resources.
There is no doubt that in the shallow Anadyr Bay, where the depths range from 2040 to 6080 meters, in a matter of years, with the existing fishing zeal and the absence of reasonable and legislative brakes, the main resources of fish and invertebrates will be undermined. What will happen to local fish resources, how many species of marine mammals will exist, for which the Anadyr Bay is a kind of home (here there is a mass pup of bearded seal, akiba, spotted seal, part of the population of lionfish, walrus), apparently, no one is interested. Already in 2000, the local coastal population of the Chukotka Peninsula experienced difficulties with fishing. The Chukotka branch of TINRO does not hesitate to issue essentially unlimited recommendations for fishing and other seafood. By the way, in the past decades, fishing was not carried out in the Gulf of Anadyr.
The economic ruin of the people of Chukotka can be supplemented by the ruin of the resource base of people's existence. In this situation, people will not have any choice in life.
The area with the world's richest resources of marine mammals, the preserved marine animal culture of the indigenous population, is in danger.
To prevent an impending catastrophe, it is necessary to take measures to prevent fishing and invertebrates in the Gulf of Anadyr (to the north of 62 degrees north latitude). This water area should be preserved as a feeding, breeding and wintering area for many species of marine mammals, some of which are in a threatening state. And also as an area with resources of marine mammals, fish and other resources vital for the life and traditional employment of the indigenous people of Chukotka. By the way, part of the resources of marine mammals in the Gulf of Anadyr is used by the population of a number of coastal settlements in Alaska.
The indigenous people of Chukotka will have to survive in their history another onslaught of modern barbarians, equipped with the latest technology for destruction natural resources. There is a lot of hard work ahead to preserve the unique natural complex of Beringia.
Center of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. A port city located on the coast of the Anadyr Bay of the Bering Sea. Population 11,073 (2006), 13,045 (2010), 14,326 (2015), 15,604 (2018)
Anadyr from the word "Onandyr" - the Chukchi river, "Anadyrsk" - a prison from the times of Semyon Dezhnev and Kurbat Ivanov (mid-17th century). The local Chukchi population calls the city V'en "zev, entrance" or Kagyrlyn "entrance, mouth", which reflects its location at a narrow neck that opens the entrance to the upper part of the Anadyr estuary.
The city of Anadyr was founded as the most northeastern outpost of the Russian Empire - Novo-Mariinsk in August 1889.
Its foundation is dictated by the geopolitical interests of the Russian state, due to the aggravation in the second half of the 19th century of contradictions between Russia, the USA and England in the North Pacific Ocean. The reasons for the aggravation were the strengthening of American expansion, first in territorial waters, and then, after the sale by the tsarist government in 1867 of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands to the United States of America, and on the northeast coast of the Russian Empire. It was not possible to limit the penetration of Americans into Chukotka by cruising military ships off its coast. And then the tsarist government, by Decree of July 9, 1888, in order to consolidate statehood in the remote north-eastern outskirts of the Russian Empire, established a new independent administrative unit - Anadyrsky district, allocating for this part of the territory from the Gizhiginsky district. Among the priority tasks that the first head of the newly created Anadyr district, Leonid Grinevetsky, set for himself, was the foundation of its center.
At first, the post, and then the village was known under two names: Novo-Mariinsk and Anadyr, and dragged out its miserable existence. Despite this, here, on the outskirts of Russia, the routes of scientists of various profiles began to intersect more and more often. It is known that the first head of the Anadyr district, L.F. Grinevetsky, as well as N.L. Gondatti. Along with a rich scientific heritage dedicated to Chukotka, a true description of Novo-Mariinsk was left by the largest ethnographer, an exiled Narodnaya Volya member V.G. Tan-Bogoraz, who became a professor in Soviet times, a member of the Committee for the Affairs of the Peoples of the North.
Profitable geographical position Novo-Mariinsk gradually attracted the attention of Russian and foreign merchants, gold prospectors, and fishermen. After the discovery in 1906 by the American prospector Nadeau, a Frenchman of Canadian origin, a few tens of kilometers from the county center, in the basin of the Volchya River, a small placer of gold, a Discovery joint-stock mine was formed to develop it. T. Birich, the son of a prominent Kamchatka businessman P. Birich, opened in Novo-Mariinsk a branch of the firm "Churkin and K" from Vladivostok. On the banks of the estuary, two large fishing trips were organized - Erikson and Grushetsky. The latter was the owner of the Pacific industries, which had their own steamships at their disposal. Indigenous people also began to settle here.
In 1914, one of the most powerful radio stations in Russia was built in Novo-Mariinsk, on which long-wave spark transmitters were installed, which made it possible to provide reliable communication with Petropavlovsk, Okhotsk, and Nome.
Before the revolution of 1917, there were warehouses, a prison, and several houses on the left bank of the Kazachka River. Construction in Novo-Mariinsk was carried out on the right bank. There were 30-40 houses here, new house county chief, warehouses, a bathhouse, a medical assistant's station, yarangas, a chapel. Above, on the bank of the estuary, there was a post office and a radio station.
The revolutionary events of 1917 did not bypass Novo-Mariinsk. In 1919, the First Revolutionary Committee of Chukotka was created here. In 1920, after a counter-revolutionary coup and the execution of the Revolutionary Committee, the Anadyr district executive committee was elected, reorganized in 1921 into the Narrevkom. In the same year, a union of workers and employees was created in Anadyr - the first trade union organization in Chukotka.
The rapid growth of Anadyr began after the formation of the Chukotka National District in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the organization of national associations in the areas of settlement of the peoples of the North" of December 10, 1930.
Anadyr became the center of the Chukotka national district in 1932.
In 1934, by the Decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the village of Anadyr was renamed into a city, but it received the official status of a city many years after the Great Patriotic War– in 1965. In 1935, the Anadyr permafrost station of the USSR Academy of Sciences was organized.
On January 1, 1941, 3,100 people lived in Anadyr. Many Anadyr residents took part in the construction of a military airfield to ferry military aircraft from Vancouver to the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, raised funds for the construction of military equipment, and sent parcels with warm clothes to front-line soldiers.
In 1943, the first graduation of young Chukotka teachers took place in Anadyr. Among them were 3 Chukchi, 4 Eskimos, 1 Chuvan. On January 3, 1947, the district library was opened in the village of Anadyr. The village library has existed here since 1924, although this fact has not been documented anywhere.
In 1949, the Anadyr district industrial complex began its work. On May 1, 1953, the first issue of the Sovetken Chukotka newspaper was published. In 1954, on the basis of a decree of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, a construction department was created - SMU-1, later renamed SSK-4. In 1955, a port office was organized in Anadyr on the shore of Melkaya Bay. He had two boats, three kungas, a car. In 1958, the Okrug House began to work in Anadyr. folk art and music school. In 1961, an agricultural technical school was opened on the basis of the school of collective farm personnel in Anadyr.
In 1961, the Anadyr seaport was formed. In 1963, the House of Culture was put into operation in Anadyr, in the construction of which the public and youth took an active part. 1963 - the construction of a dam on the Kazachka River was completed, which made it possible to carry out water supply to Anadyr. The dam is 1300 meters long and 16 meters high. In 1964, VGChPU was created.
In 1964, the first Anadyr automatic telephone exchange was put into operation.
On January 12, 1965, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the center of the Chukotka National District - the village of Anadyr - was transformed into a city of regional subordination.
This year 97 children were born in Anadyr. In total, more than 5 thousand people lived in Anadyr.
On October 31, 1967, the Anadyr TV Center hosted the first telecast. In 1967, the first four-story residential building was built in Anadyr (Lenina, 36). In 1967, a monument to V.I. Lenin. On August 7, 1968, the professional Chukchi-Eskimo national ensemble "Ergyron" was created.
Since 1973, the production of the brewery began.
In 1978, the construction of a new meat and dairy plant began.
In 1980, Anadyr became the administrative center of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (on the basis of the Law "On Autonomous Okrugs of the RSFSR", the Chukotka National Okrug was transformed into an autonomous one).
In 1994, the Chukotka District College of Arts began its work in the capital of the district.
After a decline in socio-economic development, characterized by a decline in living standards and a mass exodus of the able-bodied population from the northern regions, which began with the collapse Soviet Union and continued until the end of the 20th century, since 2001, a period of "second" birth, intensive renewal and development began in Anadyr.
On August 11, 2004, the world's largest monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was unveiled in Anadyr.
