Such a beacon can be assembled as a complete signaling device, for example, on a bicycle or just for fun.
A beacon on a microcircuit is arranged nowhere simpler. It consists of one logic chip, a bright LED of any glow color and several strapping elements.
After assembly, the beacon starts working immediately after power is supplied to it. Almost no settings are required, with the exception of adjusting the duration of the flashes, but this is optional. You can leave everything as it is.
Here is the schematic diagram of the "beacon".
So, let's talk about the parts used.
The K155LA3 microcircuit is a logic microcircuit based on transistor-transistor logic - abbreviated as TTL. This means that this microcircuit is made of bipolar transistors. The microcircuit inside contains only 56 parts - integrated elements.
There are also CMOS or CMOS chips. Here they are already assembled on MOS field-effect transistors. It is worth noting the fact that TTL chips have higher power consumption than CMOS chips. But they are not afraid of static electricity.
The K155LA3 microcircuit includes 4 2I-NOT cells. The number 2 means that there are 2 inputs at the input of the base logic element. If you look at the diagram, you can see that this is indeed the case. In the diagrams, digital microcircuits are denoted by the letters DD1, where the number 1 indicates the serial number of the microcircuit. Each of the basic elements of the microcircuit also has its own letter designation, for example, DD1.1 or DD1.2. Here, the number after DD1 indicates the serial number of the base element in the chip. As already mentioned, the K155LA3 chip has four base element. In the diagram, they are designated as DD1.1; DD1.2; DD1.3; DD1.4.
If you look at the circuit diagram more closely, you will notice that the letter designation of the resistor R1* has an asterisk * . And this is no accident.
So on the diagrams, elements are indicated, the value of which must be adjusted (selected) during the establishment of the circuit in order to achieve the desired mode of operation of the circuit. In this case, using this resistor, you can adjust the duration of the LED flash.
In other circuits that you may come across, by selecting the resistance of the resistor indicated by an asterisk, you need to achieve a certain mode of operation, for example, a transistor in an amplifier. As a rule, the tuning procedure is given in the description of the circuit. It describes how you can determine that the circuit is configured correctly. This is usually done by measuring the current or voltage in a certain section of the circuit. For the lighthouse scheme, everything is much simpler. The adjustment is purely visual and does not require measuring voltages and currents.
On the circuit diagrams, where the device is assembled on microcircuits, as a rule, it is rarely possible to find an element whose value needs to be selected. Yes, this is not surprising, since microcircuits are, in fact, already configured elementary devices. And, for example, on old circuit diagrams that contain dozens of individual transistors, resistors and asterisk capacitors * next to the letter designation, radio components can be found much more often.
Now let's talk about the pinout of the K155LA3 chip. If you do not know some of the rules, then you may encounter an unexpected question: "How to determine the pin number of the microcircuit?" Here the so-called key. The key is a special label on the microcircuit case that indicates the starting point for the pin numbering. The countdown of the pin number of the microcircuit, as a rule, is counterclockwise. Take a look at the picture and everything will become clear to you.
The positive “+” of the power supply is connected to the output of the K155LA3 microcircuit at number 14, and the minus “-” is connected to output 7. The minus is considered a common wire, in foreign terminology it is designated as GND .
To place an order, write us the article, contact details and the selected delivery method to the address [email protected] website. If you represent entity, specify the details for generating an invoice.
990,00
Emergency stop lamp, beacon
Article: FAP-1-1
An inexpensive flashlight that is designed for emergency stops. According to the rules of the road, in case of a forced stop, the driver of the vehicle must indicate the place where the car stops using an emergency lamp or sign. Meets the requirements of instrumental control. Powered by a 4.5 Volt battery (312S battery). The emergency abandon beacon is recommended for use in all, without exception, special vehicles intended for the transport of dangerous and flammable goods. Base diameter D=130 mm, height H=150 mm.
1 450,00
Article: FAP-1-120
Flashing beacon with halogen lamp. Supply voltage 12/24 V. New flashing mechanism. The body of the plafond is made of polycarbonate. The flashing beacon has a reduced power consumption. Beacon height H=120 mm, base diameter D=180 mm. Colour: blue, orange (on request). Mechanical fastening.
1 450,00
Flashing beacon (halogen lamp)
Article: FAP-1-170
Flashing beacon with halogen lamp. Supply voltage 12/24 V. New flashing mechanism. The body of the plafond is made of polycarbonate. The flashing beacon has a reduced power consumption. Lighthouse height H=170 mm, base diameter D=180 mm. Colour: blue, orange (on request). Mechanical fastening. Recommended for installation on road and special equipment, utility vehicles, vehicles of airfield services.
1 800,00
Article: FAP-1M-120
Flashing beacon with halogen lamp. Supply voltage 12/24 V. New flashing mechanism. The body of the plafond is made of polycarbonate. The flashing beacon has a reduced power consumption. Beacon height H=120 mm, base diameter D=180 mm. Colour: blue, orange (on request).Magnetic mount. It is used in special vehicles, emergency vehicles, mobile workshops.
1 800,00
Beacon flashing halogen, magnetic
Article: FAP-1M-170
Flashing beacon with halogen lamp. Supply voltage 12/24 V. New flashing mechanism. The body of the plafond is made of polycarbonate. The flashing beacon has a reduced power consumption. Lighthouse height H=170 mm, base diameter D=180 mm. Colour: blue, orange (on request).Magnetic mount. It is widely used in construction and road equipment, on airfield service vehicles.
2 950,00
Article: FP-1-120D3
Number of LEDs - 3 pcs. The ceiling of the LED beacon is made of strong and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the lighthouse body is H=120 mm., the diameter of the lighthouse base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).
2 950,00
Article: FP-1-170D3
LED flashlight with superbright diodes.
3 500,00
Article: FP-1M-120D3
LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Number of LEDs - 3 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. The ceiling of the LED car lamp is made of strong and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the lighthouse body is H=120 mm., the diameter of the lighthouse base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).
3 500,00
Beacon flashing LED, magnetic
Article: FP-1M-170D3
LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Number of LEDs - 3 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt.Magnetic mount. Recommended for use at airports, spec. machines, road and emergency services, mobile auto repair shops.
4 950,00
Article: FP-1-120D6
LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Number of LEDs - 6 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. The ceiling of the LED beacon is made of strong and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the lighthouse body is H=120 mm., the diameter of the lighthouse base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).Flanged mechanical fastening. Recommended for use at airports, special vehicles, road and emergency vehicles, mobile auto repair shops.
4 950,00
Flashing beacon, 6 LEDs
Article: FP-1-170D6
LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. The ceiling of the LED beacon is made of strong and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the beacon body is H=170 mm., the diameter of the beacon base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).Flanged mechanical fastening. Recommended for use at airports, spec. machines, road and emergency services, mobile auto repair shops.
5 600,00
Article: FP-1M-120D6
LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Number of LEDs - 6 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. The ceiling of the LED car lamp is made of strong and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the lighthouse body is H=120 mm., the diameter of the lighthouse base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).Magnetic mount. Recommended for use at airports, special vehicles, road and emergency vehicles, mobile auto repair shops.
5 600,00
Flashing beacon, 6 LEDs, magnetic
Article: FP-1M-170D6
LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Number of LEDs - 6 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. Plafond of LED car lamp Made from strong and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the beacon body is H=170 mm., the diameter of the beacon base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).Magnetic mount. Recommended for installation on special vehicles, vehicles of the Federal Penitentiary Service, Federal Drug Control Service and other special services. It features high reliability, brightness, stable operation.
8 300,00
Article: FP-1-120D
Powerful LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Number of LEDs - 15 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. The lampshade of the LED beacon is made of impact-resistant and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the lighthouse body is H=120 mm., the diameter of the lighthouse base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).Flanged mechanical fastening. It is recommended for use in vehicles of special services, mobile road crews, special vehicles, vehicles for transporting prisoners, collection services and armored cars.
8 300,00
Flashing beacon, 15 LEDs
Article: FP-1-170D
Powerful LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. The lampshade of the LED beacon is made made of shockproof and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the beacon body is H=170 mm., the diameter of the beacon base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).Flanged mechanical fastening. Recommended for installation on kungs, special bodies, special superstructures, vehicles of road services and emergency crews.
8 900,00
Flashing beacon, 15 LEDs, magnetic
Article: FP-1M-120D
Powerful LED flashlight with superbright diodes. Number of LEDs - 15 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. The ceiling of the LED car lamp is made made of shockproof and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the lighthouse body is H=120 mm., the diameter of the lighthouse base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, red, orange (on request).Magnetic mount. Recommended for use at airports, special vehicles, road and emergency vehicles, vehicles of emergency teams.
10 900,00
Flashing beacon, low profile
Article: FP-1M-060D
Powerful LED flashlight with a reduced profile and super-bright diodes. Number of LEDs - 15 pcs. Supply voltage 12/24 Volt. Flashing beacon lampshade made made of shockproof and durable polycarbonate. The diode beacon has a reduced power consumption. The height of the beacon body is H=60 mm., the diameter of the beacon base is D=180 mm. Colour: blue, orange (on request).Magnetic mount. It is recommended for use in cars of special services and operational transport, it is allowed to be installed on special vehicles.
Flashing beacons are divided into halogen and LED. In the first variant, a light pulse appears when voltage is applied to a halogen bulb, in the second case, a light pulse is generated by an LED. AT recent times LED beacons using ultra-bright LEDs are becoming more and more common. Such beacons are more durable, highly reliable, provide a guaranteed bright light pulse and, at the same time, consume less energy. Flashing beacons for special equipment and LED beacons differ in the type of attachment, they are on a mechanical and magnetic base. In the first case, automobile LED lamp mounted on the platform and bolts, and in the second case - on a magnetic base, which securely mounts the flashing LED beacon on the roof of the vehicle or other metal coating. The flashing beacon with a halogen lamp can work continuously for 4000 hours at a temperature difference from -50 °C to +50 °C. Flashing beacons of the FP series are made for operation in difficult conditions - for special and emergency equipment. Beacon shades are made of impact-resistant polycarbonate, and sealing is provided with a silicone gasket. In addition to this, rubber rings are included for attaching to the base of the beacon. An orange flashing beacon is used in special vehicles. You can buy lighting equipment at a wholesale price from us in Moscow.
You can see the full catalog of special signals and flashing beacons on the Okata website in the "" section.
The figure shows a diagram of an LED beacon, the circuit is simple and does not contain expensive elements, and is assembled according to the classical circuit (multivibrator).
The circuit consists of two transistors, two capacitors, four resistors, and two LEDs. The blinking frequency of the LEDs depends on the resistance of the 100K resistors and 10uF capacitors. Accordingly, by increasing the capacitance of the capacitors, the blinking frequency of the LEDs will decrease.
LED Flashing Light can be used as a Christmas decoration or just as an interesting toy.
Reference
The multivibrator is a relaxation signal generator of electrical rectangular oscillations with short fronts. The term was proposed by the Dutch physicist van der Pol, since there are many harmonics in the oscillation spectrum of a multivibrator - in contrast to a generator of sinusoidal oscillations ("monovibrator").
The multivibrator is one of the most common rectangular pulse generators, which is a two-stage resistive amplifier with deep positive feedback. In electronic engineering, a wide variety of multivibrator circuits are used, which differ in the type of elements used (tube, transistor, thyristor, microelectronic, and so on), mode of operation (self-oscillating, waiting for synchronization), types of connection between amplifying elements, methods for adjusting the duration and the frequency of the generated pulses, and so on.
The assignment of a multivibrator to the class of self-oscillators is justified only in the self-oscillatory mode of its operation. In standby mode, the multivibrator generates pulses only when synchronizing signals are received at its input. The synchronization mode differs from the self-oscillating one in that in this mode, with the help of an external control (synchronizing) oscillation, it is possible to adjust the multivibrator oscillation frequency to the frequency of the synchronizing voltage or make it a multiple of it (frequency capture) for self-oscillating multivibrators.
A symmetrical multivibrator is called when the resistances of resistors R1 and R4, R2 and R3 are equal in pairs, the capacitances of capacitors C1 and C2, as well as the parameters of transistors VT1 and VT2.
The circuit can be in one of two unstable states and periodically switches from one to the other and back. The transition phase is very short due to the positive feedback between the gain stages.
Operating principle
State 1: VT1 is closed, VT2 is open and saturated, C1 is quickly charged by the base current of VT2 through R1 and VT2, after which, when C1 is fully charged (the charge polarity is indicated in the diagram), no current flows through R1, the voltage at C1 is (VT2 base current) * R2, and on the VT1 collector - power.
The voltage at the collector VT2 is low (drop across a saturated transistor).
C2, charged earlier in the previous state 2 (polarity according to the scheme), begins to slowly discharge through the open VT2 and R3. Until it is discharged, the voltage at the base VT1 \u003d (small voltage on the VT2 collector) - (high voltage on C2) - that is, a negative voltage that tightly locks the transistor.
State 2: the same in mirror image (VT1 open and saturated, VT2 closed).
Transition from state to state: in state 1 C2 is discharged, the negative voltage on it decreases, and the voltage at the base of VT1 grows. After a fairly long time, it will reach zero. Having completely discharged, C2 begins to charge in the opposite direction until the voltage at the base of VT1 reaches approximately 0.6 V.
This will cause the opening of VT1, the appearance of a collector current through R1 and VT1, and a voltage drop across the collector of VT1 (a drop across R1). Since C1 is charged and cannot be discharged quickly, this leads to a voltage drop at the base of VT2 and the start of VT2 closing.
Closing VT2 leads to a decrease in the collector current and an increase in the voltage on the collector (a decrease in the drop across R4). In combination with a recharged C2, this further increases the voltage at the base of VT1. This positive feedback leads to saturation of VT1 and complete closure of VT2.
This state (state 2) is maintained during the discharge time of C1 through the open VT1 and R2.
Thus, the time constant of one arm is C1 * R2, the second - C2 * R3. This gives the duration of the pulses and pauses.
Also, these pairs are selected so that the voltage drop across the resistor under conditions of base current flowing through it would be large, comparable to power supply.
R1 and R4 are chosen to be much smaller than R3 and R2 so that charging the capacitors through R1 and R4 is faster than discharging through R3 and R2. The longer the charging time of the capacitors, the more flat the pulse fronts will be. But the ratios R3/R1 and R2/R4 must not be greater than the gains of the respective transistors, otherwise the transistors will not open fully.
Flashing beacons, known to most people as "flashers", are a type of warning light installed on vehicles of special services. The main purpose of using these devices is to warn road users about the approach of a vehicle, indicate its priority and light warning.
The operation of flashing beacons is based not only on the transmission of a light signal, but also on information through a certain color. On Russian roads, the use of these devices is strictly regulated, and a certain value is assigned to each individual shade. In addition, by the color of the beacons, you can determine whether the transport belongs to a particular service.
Varieties
Rotating beacons are divided into several types depending on the color of the signal, design and method of attachment to the vehicle. According to the operating rules, such devices are installed only on the external surfaces of cars.
Blue flashing beacon
Is the most common data color lighting fixtures. It can be used alone or in combination with other shades, often with white and red. Flashing Light of blue color mainly used by emergency services.
In addition to being placed directly on the roof of the car, it can be placed under the grille.
Red flashing beacon
Considered the base color. Together with a blue tint, it is often used as an identification mark for such special services as the FSB and the traffic police.
Orange flashing beacon
They are installed both together with other shades, and separately. As a standard, they are considered identification marks for large-capacity vehicles, utility vehicles that take out garbage or transport building materials.
A yellow flashing beacon is used somewhat less frequently than an orange one.
Green and white-moon
Such beacons are considered additional devices. The white-moon color is used mainly by cash-in-transit vehicles and is used as a warning in case of a robbery or attack on transport during transportation. Money or any other high value goods.
Green color, unlike all of the above, is practically not used today. Previously, such beacons were attached to cars accompanying important persons. Transport with such identification marks closed the guard column. Now they are not mandatory for use and can be used as additional lights.
Classification depending on fastening
Flashing beacons, as mentioned above, are attached only to the outer surfaces of the vehicle. Depending on the installation option, the lights are divided into several main types:
- Stationary beacons. They are installed on the roof of the car using special fasteners that require the creation of holes in the body. Provide the most reliable connection to the surface of the vehicle.
- Quick-release, or with a magnetic mount. Fixed with powerful magnets. They have certain advantages: they can be quickly removed or their location changed.
- Flashing beacons with universal fixation. They mean the possibility of both magnetic and stationary mounting to the car.
Classification of flashing beacons depending on the design
The structure of such devices usually takes into account all the features of operation. This is explained by the fact that while moving at high speed, the beacons can be subjected to various influences. For this reason, the plafonds of the devices are made of high-strength polycarbonate, which is impact resistant. In addition, beacons are often made of a material that is immune to ultraviolet rays, which significantly extends their life.
Light sources of flashing beacons:
- Incandescent lamps. The oldest light sources for such devices. Differ in the minimum power and high power consumption. Extremely unreliable. Rarely used today.
- Halogen lamps. The cheapest and most common option. In terms of reliability and brightness, they are the golden mean. Similar to the lamps installed in the headlights of vehicles.
- Discharge lamps. A good example is xenon light bulbs. Beacons of this type are distinguished by good reliability and brightness, but at the same time their cost is much higher than that of the previous two options.
- LEDs. Differ in the minimum consumption of the electric power at the maximum indicators of brightness. The LED flashing beacon has practically no effect on the vehicle's on-board network. It is characterized by increased reliability and long service life. The cost is not more expensive than gas-discharge analogues, but at the same time, the minimum warranty for them issued by the manufacturer is 5 years.
Benefits of using flashing beacons
The use of lights on specialized vehicles provides some advantages. The main one is the relative freedom of movement: if the car has flashing lights on, the driver can ignore some traffic rules, including road markings, traffic signals, install in the wrong places, provided that this does not lead to an emergency. However, it is worth considering the fact that these identification lights do not give any advantage over the signs of the traffic controller.
Rotating beacons greatly facilitate traffic on busy roads: the blue light, together with a sound signal, obliges other road users to leave the road if possible and give way to a special purpose vehicle. If the red beacon also turns on, then the drivers must give way to the lane and all accompanying cars.
The release of the road, as a rule, implies that the other participants in the movement should not take any action that could prevent the special vehicle from reaching its destination.
Flashing orange beacons in most cases are used as a warning signal and a means to highlight the car. A fire of this color does not oblige other drivers to give way, however, the owner of a special vehicle, by virtue of certain powers, has the right to ignore some traffic rules: stop in the wrong place or ignore the markings.
When to give way to emergency vehicles
It is worth noting that if the driver has not missed a car with blue flashing beacons, he is not always wrong. It is imperative to give way to rescue vehicles, ambulances and firefighters, even if they do not have light and sound warning signals turned on. In case of violation of this rule, a fine of several hundred rubles or deprivation of a driver's license for a period of 3 months threatens.
Vehicles owned by government officials only have priority if both flashing lights and siren are on.
Controversial situations
The traffic rules and legislation do not specify during what specific time it is necessary to give way to a special vehicle. This causes not the most pleasant consequences for drivers when they are required to react instantly, which is simply impossible. Otherwise, fines are issued.
Another pitfall is the behavior of other drivers. Many try to stop or change lanes, which leads to interference with other road users, which is a serious violation of traffic rules.
According to the theory, the driver should let the special vehicle with flashing lights pass in such a way as to avoid creating new problems on the road. In fact, it is forbidden to rebuild in this case, but in practice, almost everyone ignores this rule.
Sanctions against drivers
If the driver does not give way to a special vehicle with flashing beacons, he is threatened with deprivation of rights for up to three months or a fine of 500 rubles. Not giving way to a civil servant will be cheaper than 200-300 rubles. At the same time, no one has the right to take away the documents from the one who violated the rule.
The specific penalty for a driver for failing to let the motorcade through depends on the situation and circumstances. As a rule, several factors are taken into account at once: whether the flashing beacons are turned on, whether the person asking to give way has the right to do so. If there is no priority for vehicles with special signals, then the movement is carried out in the same order.
