How to get an overdraft for a legal entity. Conditions for obtaining

Among the numerous types of financing, lending services to legal entities under an overdraft stand apart. Banks are willing to set limits for clients with an impeccable credit history, especially if most of the income comes through settlement accounts opened in any regional division. Overdraft loan for legal entities, what is it, we will consider in this article.

Definition and features of loans in the form of overdrafts

Overdraft for a legal entity- these are borrowed funds that are provided by the bank to cover the current expenses of the enterprise in excess of the balance of funds existing in current accounts. If the client has a time gap between the need to pay his obligations to counterparties and the expected income, he can count on a loan established on the current account.

Lending under the overdraft program is carried out exclusively on the basis of a formalized loan or loan agreement signed by two parties: a legal entity and a bank.

Overdraft types

Given the competitive environment in the banking sector, overdrafts for legal entities may be different. According to the information used to determine the amount:

standard. It is allocated to existing clients with a good credit history, provided there is no debt to budget or other official funds. The loan amount is determined by the average monthly receipts to bank accounts;
advance. Provided to potential customers as part of their involvement in the service. To calculate the limit, information on receipts to accounts from other financial institutions is used.

For security:

blank. The guarantee of the fulfillment of obligations is the transfer of turnover or collection to bank accounts in the amount of about 70% of the gross values. In fact, the loan agreement is concluded without collateral. In practice, the guarantee of officials or co-owners of the enterprise is often required;
with collateral. In the form of collateral, the same instruments can be used as with conventional lending: movable and immovable property. If the obligations are secured by funds in deposit accounts, the overdraft is called technical.

According to the terms of repayment:

trench. Fixed terms are set for the repayment of each specific case of using funds in excess of the balance. Within 30-90 days;
urgent. The contract specifies the terms for repayment of the debt. On average, the "zeroing" of the debt should occur once every 30-90 days.

Depending on the credit and marketing policy of the bank, there are other types of overdrafts. For example, Sberbank offers individual, express and with a general limit.

For legal entities, the choice of a product is directly related to its cost. Risky, blank loans are provided at higher interest rates than secured ones.

"Sberbank of Russia" - Credit "Business Overdraft": conditions

Conditions for obtaining

To know how to get an overdraft for a legal entity, you need to familiarize yourself with the general criteria that banks apply when assessing the possibility of lending:

Flawless story. The presence of outstanding loans is an obstacle to initiating the review procedure.
no debt, especially overdue, before budget and social funds.
Profitable activity and availability of income to current accounts. The retrospective is set by each bank independently, depending on the adopted credit policy. On average, 3–6 months of net turnover and at least one annual balance are considered. For technical overdrafts, this requirement is removed. For other types of lending, the financial condition of a legal entity is studied more closely.

Banks have an individual approach to lending to legal entities. Therefore, consideration of the overdraft limit can take from several days to several weeks.

Overdraft calculation

Each bank applies its own coefficients and formulas for linking the credit limit to the clients' current accounts. For example, Sberbank sets an overdraft for legal entities based on an analysis of the turnover of funds over the past 3 months. In others, they can take into account from 2 to 6 months.

In this case, the limit is usually equal to the average value for the entire calculation period, adjusted for the coefficient applied by the bank. Depending on the type of overdraft, as well as financial condition legal entity, he can establish from 10 to 75% net monthly income.

How overdraft works for legal entities

Most often, the contract is concluded for no more than 1 year. Within the validity period, the overdraft is recalculated on a monthly basis. If income falls, then the amount decreases. If they grow, the limit for a legal entity is revised upwards. Each change in the terms of credit is accompanied by the signing additional agreements to the main loan agreement.

The procedure for obtaining credit funds is simplified to a minimum. To do this, a payment order from the client's account, which has no balance, is sufficient. Its payment is carried out in an overdraft. That is beyond the rest. The target nature of the loan is current activity. It is not allowed to pay for fixed assets and make investments with funds.

Repayment occurs when the next receipt from any counterparty is credited automatically. At the same time, interest is charged for the actual time of using the overdraft.

Benefits and Unavoidable Costs

Opening a limit will require the provision of financial and legal documents to the bank. Therefore, the question arises of the justification for obtaining such a loan. Considering that overdrafts are offered directly by financial institutions, many heads of legal entities refuse, because labor costs and subsequent loan servicing are not worth the time spent: the amounts are not critical, but there are many pitfalls. However, there are many advantages:

simplified procedure for obtaining;
a constant margin of safety to cover cash gaps;
the presence of an airbag in case of unforeseen costs and force majeure circumstances;
acceleration of financial and trade turnover.

Overdraft loan for legal entities, what it is and how it works, we have already analyzed. But it is impossible not to touch upon an important component of any financial instrument - expenses. In addition to the interest rate, which is charged for each actual day of using credit funds in addition to the current account balance, there are commissions:

for review and analysis of documents;
for setting a limit;
for early repayment;
for the unused limit.

The longer the cooperation with the bank and the more stable the financial condition, the more preferences a legal entity may require when servicing. An overdraft often acts as a tool to demonstrate the loyalty of a financial institution to its customers, so during preliminary negotiations it is possible to separately discuss the possibility of canceling additional commissions.

And separately pay attention to the size of penalties for failure to meet the maturity dates or the intended purpose: they can be 2-3 times more than the established interest rate.

Cooperation of legal entities with banks should lie exclusively in the legal field. If at the negotiations you are promised one thing, but in the contract the information is fundamentally different, you should not rely on oral assurances of bank officials. All overdraft conditions must be recorded on paper.

A bank overdraft is a provision to a borrower Money, by lending by the bank to its current account within the established limit, in case of insufficiency or absence of funds on the account, in order to pay settlement documents. In simple words we can say about a bank overdraft as follows: this is a short-term, constantly renewable loan that can be used by enterprises or entrepreneurs who periodically have temporary, short-term needs for additional funds for making payments.

Such a loan is automatically repaid by the bank from the resulting balance of the client's funds in his account on the morning of each day. So, for example, on the first day the client was given an overdraft, during the next day the money was credited to the account, and already on the morning of the third day, the loan was repaid at the expense of the accumulated funds.

Features of overdraft lending. This type of lending has its own characteristics, which are as follows:

The borrower is obliged to fully repay the existing overdraft debt at least once a calendar month by crediting funds to his current account. At the same time, on the day of repayment, crediting of the borrower's account is not carried out;

Daily automatic repayment of the loan for the amount of the credit balance of the borrower's current account, which is formed at the end of each business day (after all transactions on the current account). During the day, there are no delays in paying regular payments;

Interest is calculated on the actual debt on the loan, which, with regular receipts of money, reduces the debt by the end of the day and saves interest costs.

Banks offer their customers the following types of overdraft:

1. standard overdraft (provided by the bank to the borrower within the established limit for the execution of the borrower's payment orders and payment of the costs associated with their execution, as well as the borrower's cash documents, despite the insufficiency or absence of funds in the account);

2. overdraft in advance (provided to a client who meets the requirements of the bank in order to return him to the bank for settlement and cash services);

3. overdraft for collection (provided to customers who meet the requirements of the bank and at least 75% of the turnover on the credit of the settlement account of which is the collected cash proceeds (exactly transferred to the settlement account by the client himself)); 4. technical overdraft (provided to the client, regardless of his financial condition, against payments made to the borrower's account (sale or purchase of currency on the stock exchange, until the return of the term deposit or other guaranteed receipts to the client's account)).

Overdraft conditions.

The requirements of different banks to customers, when considering the possibility of providing an overdraft, may differ. But the approximate conditions in all banks are almost identical and consist of the following requirements:

1. The client must have at least one year of work experience in the main activity;

2. Must use the bank's settlement and cash services for the last 6 months, and have non-zero turnover on the current account (except for the advance overdraft);

3. The minimum number of receipts of funds to the current account in the bank (or transfers of collectable proceeds) must be - at least 3 times a week (or 12 receipts per month), except for an advance overdraft;

4. Do not have unpaid claims or orders to your current account.

Submit a standard package of documents to the bank for consideration, as well as certificates from banks where the client has current accounts, on credit turnover for the last few months (at least 6-12 months), and certificates from banks where the client has current accounts, on the presence or absence of debts on loans.

To obtain a technical overdraft, legal entities must submit an application for a technical overdraft, with detailed description a transaction performed by the client, as a result of which he expects the receipt of funds to the current account (indicating the date of receipt). A copy of the agreement, payment orders, other documents that reliably testify to the operation specified in the application.

The overdraft limit for each legal entity is calculated individually using a special calculation method. Each type has its own method of calculating the limit. Overdraft calculation methods in different banks may have their own distinctive features, but general principle does not change. Standard overdraft, advance overdraft and collection overdraft limits are reviewed by banks on a monthly basis, taking into account changes in the client's performance.

To ensure that the limit is met, each accountant can calculate the overdraft. And yet, in order to increase the amount of the overdraft limit, each accountant must be able to control the flow of money and revenue, avoiding single large payments. Maximum payments, if necessary, divide by several averages.

Overdraft problems arising during the lending period:

Lack of experience in concentrating funds on the current account by a certain date, in order to fully repay the overdraft debt at least once a month. Failure to comply with this feature of the overdraft entails the withdrawal of the credit limit;

Not the ability to regulate cash flows, both by date and by amount. This leads to a reduction in the overdraft limit or the termination of lending;

Signing of the first overdraft agreement, with the condition of transferring the entire cash flow to given bank, rather than a certain part sufficient for lending, can hamper the maneuverability of financial flows.

Today, there are several overdraft options for a legal entity.

It can be standard (classic), issued in advance to the most reliable customers, for collection or be technical. At the same time, it is always necessary to remember that when concluding a transaction, a bank branch can always:

Automatically write off money from the account in order to repay the loan and the interest rate;
change tariffs with the consent of the client or unilaterally (such a nuance must be indicated in the contract);
receive commission on time;
interrupt service due to breach of contract agreements.

Unlike leasing or consumer lending, interest here is calculated on the remaining debt. In the case of systematic replenishment of the account, you reduce the debt by the end of the term, as well as reduce interest costs.

List of required documents

To obtain a loan, a legal entity must provide a list of required documents, which includes:

Loan application;
copies of statutory and constituent documents with additions and changes, which confirm the legal capacity of the client. All copies are certified by the body that registered the document, or notarized;
charter (changes to the charter);
registration certificate;
protocol of the authorized body on the appointment of the head (extract and photocopy, certified by the seal of the enterprise or organization);
permission to engage in a type of activity;
photocopies of passports of the chief accountant and the head of the enterprise, who have the right to sign financial documents;
labor contract with the head of the enterprise in terms of authority, term, duties and rights;
financial statements as of the last date with a note from the tax authorities.

The period of execution of an agreement for obtaining an overdraft is no more than 6 months. Based on the average monthly receipts, a limit is set on the client's account. The loan is credited to the account within 3-6 months.

Of course, the procedure for drawing up an agreement differs depending on the bank. A loan application can be reviewed within 3-4 business days, but processing will then take a long time. If the amount is up to 6,000,000 rubles, then the application can be considered without assessing the business by a loan officer.

Interest rate

How is this loan repaid? Very often, a financial institution writes off the amount of the principal debt after the receipt of money in the current account.

In this case, the accrued interest rate will be charged monthly and at the end of the term of the loan agreement. In most banks, the interest rate is in the range of 10% -20% per annum.

In addition to the standard interest rate, a commission can be additionally withdrawn - monthly or lump-sum. It is about 0.2-1% of the loan limit. The minimum amount for account maintenance may be less. For example, in Baltinvestbank it is 0.17%.

In Sberbank of Russia, you can in the amount of 1,000 rubles to 30,000 rubles. It all depends on your salary.

Interest rate is equal to 16% in euros and US dollars and 18% per annum in rubles. If the spending limit is exceeded, the interest rate will be 33% per annum in the case of euros and dollars and 36% in rubles.

It is charged on the overdraft amount spent in excess of the limit. This rate is similarly valid in case of late repayment of the loan. For example, in case of delay in wages.

If you want to avoid this turn of events, replenish your account balance in cash or from any other sources.

If you decide to take a loan and already know how for legal entities, ask the branch of a financial institution how much you can count on.

No bank will provide an opportunity for unlimited use of its own financial reserves. In this case, there is a so-called limit - the maximum amount that a client can spend. It is calculated based on solvency and income.

The limit does not exceed 70-90% of the institution's client's profit. In this case, the higher the monthly profit, the greater the amount that the bank will provide.

The maximum amount in Sberbank of Russia is related to the company's turnover on the account. It is within 15% -40% of the total monthly turnover. But in Alfabank, the maximum amount of debt can be up to 50% of all receipts to the current account. This loan is issued for up to 60 days.

Indeed, such a financing option is carried out for a short period of time (30 - 60 days) and only in a non-cash way.

Debt repayment does not provide for a personal transfer of funds to the cashier. There is an automatic write-off of the amount of debt from the client's account after the receipt of funds.

The amount of the interest rate can also be written off automatically for the period of using all funds or as a total amount for the entire period of using this service. It is more profitable to draw up such an agreement than a number of others, therefore, today both individuals and legal entities turn to it quite often.

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Overdraft lending is a profitable financial instrument for both the borrower and the banking organization. It allows you to get the missing funds at the right time, while giving a constant, albeit not too significant, income to the lender.

What is overdraft lending

Loans of this type are, in their essence, a completely ordinary loan, which is provided to an enterprise on the basis of any agreements and on predetermined conditions. Differs from standard loan forms this product the fact that it simply leaves the client the opportunity to take the money. That is, according to the standard scheme, funds are transferred to the account of the borrower or a third party in agreement with the company. They are listed immediately and in full. From this moment on, the company is obliged to return all the money with interest within the agreed period. But the analysis of overdraft lending suggests that it is given only when it is needed. In fact, it is more profitable for the company, because you need to pay interest only on the amount taken, and not on the amount that can be received. There are a lot of options and varieties of such loans.

Varieties

Overdraft loan is divided into four main types:

technical,
for collection,
advance,
standard.

The first type is a loan that is offered to the client without taking into account his financial statements and almost all other indicators. The main thing here is turnover and income. If a banking organization sees that large amounts of funds are received into the accounts of this person with enviable regularity, it can offer precisely the technical version of an overdraft. It is risky, but beneficial to both parties.

The second type, which can accept overdraft lending, is suitable for large retail chains or other firms that regularly donate proceeds to the bank. This is a more reliable option, in which the company can use the money even before they actually fall into the account, and after the proceeds are handed over, all debt is repaid. It should be noted that the agreements here can be very diverse.

The third type of loans is advance. It is the least profitable for the bank, but it is convenient for the company. This option of providing loans is most often practiced in order to attract a legal entity for servicing.

The last, fourth, is the standard type. It most of all fits the classic description of overdraft lending for legal entities. Its essence is simple. The client agrees with the bank that he will be able to use certain amounts at his own request. The financial institution, in turn, stipulates how long he can use the money and under what conditions.

For individuals

Overdraft lending individuals most often carried out by issuing a plastic credit card, on which a fixed amount is reserved for the client, which he can use at his own discretion. This type of loan is familiar to many people, it is understandable and accessible. The main problem here is that the bank receives virtually no collateral, and in case of problems or non-payment, it becomes extremely difficult to return the money. The bottom line here is that the amounts offered to individuals are not too large, and no one will sue because of them, since there will be more problems than good.

For companies

Overdraft is already a more serious financial instrument. Here the amounts are much larger, and such loans are returned much more often. Many enterprises prefer this to everyone else, as it is profitable, simple and convenient. True, in most cases the amounts are not too large, but as additional funds that can be put into circulation, this is quite enough.

Peculiarities

There are several main features that any overdraft loan has. The first is the lack of purpose of the loan. That is, most often any loan is intended for specific, predetermined purposes. But the funds received with the help of an overdraft, as a rule, can be directed in any convenient direction. The second feature is the term of the loan. Most often it is less than one month. In some cases, two or more, but this is rare. This does not mean the period during which the client, in principle, has the opportunity to take money, but after what time he must return them in full. The interest rate on such loans is usually higher than on a conventional loan, but the number of required documents is much less. And one more important point: most often no security is required.

Overdraft loan agreement

This document is not much different from a regular contract for standard lending. The main differences are the conditions that are typical only for such a system as overdraft lending, as well as a rigid link to the current account (for legal entities). Many banks stipulate the possibility of forced debiting of money from the account of a potential borrower if he himself does not repay his debt on time for one reason or another. The contract is drawn up on a standard form, includes the details of both parties, clearly stipulates the financial part of the issue (how much, where, to whom, when, and so on), and also, most likely, will contain clauses on force majeure and conditions for non-return of funds. Sometimes there is also other information that may be required in accordance with applicable law, bank regulations, the wishes of the client, and so on.

Example for a legal entity

The company constantly receives certain approximately equal and stable amounts of funds into its account. Based on their analysis, the bank offers the company to open an overdraft facility. After agreeing and concluding an agreement, the company gets the opportunity to use not only the money that it has in its account, but also those that the bank gave it. Suppose a company has an opportunity to make a very good deal, but own funds for its implementation, it is not enough (it is urgently required to expand, purchase materials, and so on). And at this moment, she can take the reserved money and fulfill all the conditions, and then receive additional profit. At the moment when the loan needs to be repaid, the company receives already increased income on its account, which the bank, by agreement, immediately sends to pay off the debt. It was the simplest and clearest example of overdraft lending.

Example for an individual

In case of ordinary people everything looks even easier. A person receives a card from the bank, which he can either use or not use. There is a fixed amount. The client comes to the store and sees a product that he wanted to buy for a long time, but there was no money or other opportunities. And now what you want is sold at a good discount. If the borrower did not have an overdraft card, then he would be forced to save money further and eventually purchase the goods after the end of the promotion in the store, at a much higher price. And with the help of this card, he pays for the purchase immediately and, most likely, saves a lot, especially if he can pay off his debt in a short period of time.

Delay

it global problem for all overdrafts. True, most often it concerns individuals who cannot or do not want to return previously received funds. If the amount for the bank is insignificant, then a person may simply be lucky, and if they don’t forget about him, then at least the solution to the problem will be postponed for a long time (during which very rather big interest will “drip”). But, of course, sooner or later it will still have to be returned. As soon as the bank realizes that the amount is already large enough to contact the court and collectors, it will begin proceedings and will definitely achieve its goal.

Advantages

Overdraft lending has a number of advantages. This includes such features as a small package of documents, no need to provide a deposit, no payment for the money that was not used by the client, and instantaneous provision. That is, a person or legal entity may be interested in one or another element (or in all at once) and that is why they will take a loan. For the bank, all this is not particularly convenient and profitable, but such a system makes it possible to retain customers, attract new ones, and even make a small profit. Most often, financial institutions earn more not on the loans themselves, but on the various services associated with them. For example, a borrower may enjoy working with this bank and decide to place a deposit there, take out a larger loan, receive wages, pensions or other options through it. As a result, the total yield from one loan grows many times, and in many banks this feature is taken into account, which makes it possible to offer potential borrowers an overdraft at an interest rate that is less than market rates. Naturally, this is already convenient for customers who have the opportunity not only to receive "cheap" money, but also to be served in a suitable bank.

Flaws

Of course, an overdraft card or similar loan has some disadvantages. The main one is the extremely short period during which you can use the money. Unlike the standard form of lending, which provides for a year or even several years, an overdraft, most often needs to be repaid within a month or several months, which is not very convenient. Do not forget about the obsession of the service. Some banks open such loans even without the knowledge of the client, which annoys a lot of people and can ultimately lead to significant losses. Among other things, some scammers use fake documents to obtain loans of this type due to the fact that no special paperwork is required from the client. As a result, they are not going to return anything, the real owner of the documents has nothing to do with it, because it is not his signature on the contract, and the financial institution begins to suffer losses. Least of all problems with legal entities, because you can always write off the amount of debt from the current account of the company. However, if there is no money on the balance sheet and is not expected, then again there is a problem with the return of unsecured funds. It should be noted that many banks have special services that monitor changes in the amount of receipts on the borrowers' account and raise an alarm if the situation starts to worsen. In this case, the financial institution can simply close the overdraft, completely depriving the company of access to borrowed funds.

Results

Despite the presence of shortcomings, in general, this system is very beneficial and convenient, especially for customers. It allows you to receive as much money as you need in a timely manner, which, in turn, enables individuals to purchase goods that are needed, and legal entities to invest additional funds in their activities, receiving much more than they will have to return later, even taking into account the accrued interest. . The main thing in all this is the timeliness of repayment. Even a small delay can globally spoil the credit history, which will not make it possible to receive loans from other banks, and penalties, commissions, interest and other payments, which in the end will still have to be returned, can many times exceed all reasonable limits and even the original loan amount.

Every citizen knows what lending is and what benefits it provides for regular users of programs. But few people are interested in an alternative solution, namely the overdraft service.

In some cases, this can be a worthy replacement for conventional consumer loans and will allow you to get more benefits. Let's talk about making an overdraft for a legal entity.

The concept of an overdraft

The Bank offers to use this service to individuals and legal entities who have an open salary card. It is slightly different from conventional lending and, with proper observance of all conditions, you can benefit.

What is an overdraft service? Thanks to it, the client has the opportunity to make a purchase if there is not enough money on the plastic card.

For example, if a client scored 1,000 rubles in a goods store, but he has only 500 in his account, then the bank will allow him to “go into the red” a little and the remaining 500 rubles will be provided on a loan basis.

The term "overdraft" itself is translated as an overspending of funds. You can connect services only by signing an agreement with the bank, having previously submitted an application. It differs from conventional lending in that "loan" funds have a short term of issue and the debt must also be repaid quickly.

In most banks, the overdraft conditions include a grace period of 30 days, during which no interest is charged. Interest is charged as for a regular short-term loan. Bank employees individually approach the issue and set a different limit for each client.

Overdraft for legal entities may depend on income, their stability, the availability of expensive property and other things.

For entrepreneurs, this collaboration can help set up a business. After all, there are situations when there is not enough money in the current account to purchase a new product or supply equipment, but you need to make an urgent payment.

In this case, the bank will issue the missing amount, and then write off the debt along with interest for lending. This service can only be obtained if you apply to the bank in advance and sign an agreement.

In this way, an overdraft helps businesses maintain cash flow and pay bills on time. There are 3 types of overdraft available for legal entities:

on standard terms;
advance. This option is available only for verified and reliable customers;
for collection. Provided in cases of collectible proceeds of at least 75%.

What will be the benefits of an overdraft for legal entities?

The algorithm for obtaining an overdraft for a legal entity is simple. For each case, a cash limit is charged.

Thanks to such short-term lending, the borrower has the opportunity not to wait until the goods or services pay off, but to make settlements with suppliers and employees on time.

For enterprises, the costs will be minimal, because the loan amounts are small and are constantly repaid through receipts to the current account by the end of the banking day. Thus, using an overdraft helps to avoid unpleasant situations and delays in production.

How to get a?

The legal entity has an available credit limit which he can use when needed. To do this, you do not need to prepare documents for obtaining a loan and additionally load the accounting department.

To sign an agreement, you will need to collect a package of several documents once and submit it to the bank. This will save working time and reduce the burden on the financiers and accounting staff of the enterprise.

First of all, you will need to prepare:

accounting reports on the activities of the enterprise;
fill out the borrower's questionnaire and submit an application on behalf of the company;
cash flow reports;
documents that will show the status of accounts payable and receivable.

The Bank has the right to request from the representatives of the company any other information that can confirm solvency.

He also needs guarantees that the company will not go bankrupt in the near future and may be asked to provide production and sales statistics or other similar documents. If the type of activity of the company requires a license, the bank may ask for copies of valid licenses.

Limits for each client are calculated separately, because many factors can affect this, ranging from income to financial forecasts for the growth of the company's income.

For example, several well-known banks can offer such limits for legal entities:

Alfa-Bank can sign an agreement subject to all conditions and issue a limit ranging from 750,000 to 6 million rubles. Legal clients who are at the cash desk - from 500 thousand to 10 million rubles;
UralSib issues a card with an overdraft of up to 500 thousand rubles;
Mezhtrustbank calculates limits for each client separately;
Absolut Bank allows its clients to use an overdraft facility in the amount of up to 750 thousand rubles.

Such banks give overdraft to legal entities quite willingly, especially if the solvency of customers is high.

Conditions of banks for overdraft lending

There is a huge competition between banks, each of them is trying to create the most favorable tariff package.

For example, in Absolut Bank, the limits are high, so you will also have to attach a certificate from the employer to all documents. Usually, the presence of a source of stable income and registration in the region where the plastic card is issued is required.

Depending on the financial situation of the client, the interest rate can be charged in the range from 18% to 30% per annum for using the overdraft.

You will also need to make a minimum payment of 10% of the principal amount monthly. Usually, issuing a card is free, but you will have to pay about 48 thousand rubles a year for the service.

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