When fishing and camping, it is important that you can start a fire at any time. For this, a diverse range of dry fuel in tablets and alternative products are produced.
Our catalog contains different kinds dry alcohol, "eternal" matches and other means for guaranteed ignition and maintenance of fire. The products are easy to use and effective even in conditions of strong wind and humidity.
Types and composition of fuel
Popular among tourists, hunters and fishermen, alcohol tablets have nothing to do with alcohol. They include various substances that burn with a colorless flame without smoke, soot and ash formation. It is from this that they got their name. Dry fuel is produced from urotropine with the addition of paraffin, metaldehyde or calcium acetate solvate. It is recommended to protect this type of fuel from dampness, as in this case sparks are formed during combustion.
Means "Kayur" based on paraffin and cellulose is made in the form of candles with an unlimited duration. It supports combustion for 7-9 minutes without emitting unpleasant odors.
"Eternal" matches in the form of a keychain are equipped with flint. It is placed on a wick, which is screwed into the body filled with gasoline or kerosene. Designed for 15,000 ignitions.
Dry fuel can be equipped with a special burner case. The flame goes out instantly when it is closed.
Fire - an inseparable component of any campaign. With help fire on a hike, they cook food, dry things, etc. I think it makes no sense to talk about it, because everyone who at least once in his life went out into nature, whether it be a long hike, or just a sortie from a dusty city to barbecue, knows all the advantages of relaxing by the fire.
But what if we go on a long trip and are not sure that we can find firewood for a fire? Or do we just need to warm up a cup of tea, and make a fire for this laziness or there is no such possibility? Some hikers take gas or gasoline burners . As they say - to each his own, but personally I don’t really like such devices. Firstly, they take up a lot of space in the backpack, and secondly, they weigh a lot. Such things, although convenient to use, are more (again, in my opinion) suitable for traveling by car. Good for hiking dry fuel or as it is also called dry alcohol . Its main advantage is compactness and low weight, and with proper storage dry fuel has an unlimited shelf life. Same way dry alcohol much safer than gas and petrol burners .
Dry alcohol - application .
Dry alcohol (dry fuel ) is used for cooking and heating food. Often dry alcohol tablets army dry rations are completed. For convenience, a metal stand is often included for ease of use.
Same way dry fuel good use for kindling fires. It is very useful when making fires in rainy weather or when you use raw firewood.
Also dry fuel can also be used at home. For example, some people replace them with fuel for making fondue. Although, in my opinion, it is better to take gels specially designed for this.
When I lived in a hostel, I boiled tea for myself on dry alcohol while the stove was occupied by neighbors. Dry alcohol was also used for camping tent heating.
The big surprise for me was that dry alcohol are also used in food production. This substance is chemical, and even though it is called " dry alcohol“But it has nothing to do with alcohol.
Composition of dry alcohol.
Dry fuel
comprises urotropin
pressed with a small amount of paraffin. Urotropin was obtained in 1859 by the Russian organic chemist Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-1886), who studied the interaction formaldehyde with aqueous ammonia solution. As a result of the reaction, colorless crystals of the composition (CH 2)6N 4 were formed. This substance is called hexamethylenetetramine
or urotropin
.
It’s certainly not worth drinking this muck, although I have a friend who tried in the army diluted in water pill alcohol. Seems to be still alive. He says that there was intoxication, but more chemical than alcohol.
AT Food Industry hexamethylenetetramine , of which it consists dry fuel , registered as preservative E239 . It is used for making cheeses, as well as for preserving caviar. Banned in Russia since July 1, 2010. The danger of this food additive is that when interacting with acids urotropin E 239 turns into a hazardous substance formaldehyde. Formaldehyde provokes the development of cancer in the human body. If you prepare a solution of formaldehyde in water, you get formalin - a drug for the preservation of corpses.
Pros and cons .
Lightweight, compact, easy to use, wide range of applications.
Sensitive to wind, screen may be needed. When wet, it smokes and sparkles. Also, if it gets wet, it exudes a rather unpleasant smell.
Often there are situations when there is a need for a quick extraction of fire. Or vice versa, there are no materials and means to maintain it. Most often, such situations occur in people who are fond of hiking and traveling and leading very active image life. Or in cases of unexpected extreme situations, when fire is one of the main means of survival.
Also, the need for a quick fire may arise in domestic conditions, if there are no dry wood materials for ignition at hand. In such situations, you may need a substance that is characterized by certain properties. It should be combustible, dry, easy to ignite, keep the fire for a long time and easily extinguish.
What's this?
There is such a substance that is capable of sustaining combustion in a small amount for a sufficiently long time. It's called dry alcohol. The strength and time of burning even a small amount of such a substance can be enough to cook food. In fact, this substance has nothing to do with alcohols. In common with alcohols - only a good ability to burn. In general, "dry alcohol" refers to any substance that can burn with a colorless flame without smoke and soot and does not leave traces of ash during combustion. During combustion, dry fuel turns into water and carbon dioxide. The first immediately evaporates, under the action of outgoing heat, and carbon dioxide dissipates in the surrounding air.
Dry fuel. Compound
The chemical basis of dry alcohol is represented by urotropine. This dry fuel was first obtained by Butlerov in 1860, as a result of studying the interaction of formaldehyde with an ammonia solution. As a result of his experiments, colorless crystals were obtained, which were given the name urotropin. This substance itself and its compounds with proved to be good anti-inflammatory and which can still be found in pharmacies. The second excellent property of this compound was the ability to burn without the formation of ash. Dry fuel in tablets, sold in the store, consists of urotropine with a small amount of paraffin. This type of "dry alcohol" is very convenient to use. Urotropin is a very flammable substance in itself. Dry, it ignites very quickly from an ordinary match. And it goes out easily, it is worth covering it with something. Even when damp, urotropine is able to ignite, but at the same time it crackles and scatters sparks. Despite the fact that "dry alcohol" is quite easy to buy at any hardware store, a small amount of it can be prepared at home.
Formalin+ammonia
To do this, pour 100 ml of formalin (40% solution) into a metal container immersed 2/3 in cold water. Then gradually add 1 liter of ammonia (12% solution) there, stirring constantly. These manipulations should be carried out in the open air, since inhalation of these vapors is for health. The resulting solution must be closed with a lid and left for a day. Then the mixture should be heated and evaporated until the crystals of urotropine begin to precipitate. After that, the mixture must be cooled, and the urotropin must be filtered and dried. Then, mixed with 1-3% paraffin, grind and form dense briquettes. Store ready-made dry alcohol in a place protected from moisture.
Acetaldehyde + sulfuric acid
There is another type of "dry alcohol" - metaldehyde. This do-it-yourself dry fuel can be obtained at home, with some chemical components available. It is obtained by mixing chilled with a few drops of sulfuric acid. As a result of mixing the two liquids, solid metaldehyde is formed. It is insoluble in water and alcohol and burns well without producing smoke and ash.
Ethanol + calcium acetate
Solvate calcium acetate also refers to "dry alcohols". It can be obtained if 10 ml of concentrated calcium acetate is quickly added to 170 ml of ethyl alcohol. As a result, the solution will harden very quickly and will resemble white soap. From the resulting mass, cubes or plates can be cut. The combustion of calcium acetate solvate produces a small amount of ash and acetone, which is also highly susceptible to combustion.
About burners
Dry fuel in tablets is most often used for heating and cooking in the field. But for this you still need a special burner.
Burners come in many different types and manufacturers, but they are all compact and easy to use.
If the journey is by car, then it will be more convenient to use a modern one. But this fact does not mean that the dry fuel burner is outdated and is a relic of the past. Under certain conditions, its use is the most convenient and the only possible one. This is evidenced by the reviews of tourists. For use in such devices, dry fuel, without traces of moisture, will be most effective.
Burner features
There are no fundamental differences among the heaters of various brands. However, an experienced user can easily distinguish the most productive model. The difference is only in the height of the container and protection from the wind. The most productive will be a burner equipped with a metal cylinder with holes in it. Thus, protection from the wind will be carried out and traction will be created, which will avoid heat loss from the combustion of “dry alcohol”.
Completeness of the burner
This type of burner is widely used not only for tourism purposes. They are part of the soldier's equipment, the pilot's survival kit and those in distress. The complete set of the burner includes a taganok, a metal container, solid fuel and matches. This set weighs only 300-350 grams, so its presence in a backpack is not burdensome.
When using dry fuel, it is good that some metal products at hand can be used as a taganka, for example, a tin can, a metal mug, an aluminum or tin plate. It will be convenient to place a heated container on them.
Some sets of burners from various manufacturers have one drawback in common - this is the lack of a cover. It is indispensable for boiling water using dry fuel. In a closed container, water boils much faster, which saves "dry alcohol", which can be the only source of a full-fledged fire. Also, the lid will keep the water warm for a longer time.
If it becomes necessary to boil more than half a liter of water, it is best to use 2 fuel tablets at the same time. In this case, water will boil 2 times faster than if you add fuel alternately.
If it is necessary to use dry fuel, it is worth checking its suitability in advance. To do this, you need to burn one sample from the package. If the fuel is dry, then after complete combustion a small shred of ash should remain. In this case, "dry alcohol" is considered suitable for further use. If, after complete combustion, a large amount of ash remains, resembling a sponge in structure, then such fuel must be thrown away. Using it to cook or heat food is dangerous because it may contain poisonous substances.
Only experienced hikers can understand that there is nothing more pleasant after a long and tiring journey than to wash your face with clean water and relax with a mug of freshly brewed tea.
Do-it-yourself dry fuel
Although chemists are aware of alcohols that, under ordinary conditions, are not watery, but solid (for example, tertiary butyl alcohol, pentaerythritol, cetyl alcohol, and others), “ dry alcohol"has nothing to do with real alcohols. It would have been better given a different name. dry fuel. But the “wrong” name stuck.
Dry alcohol refers to a variety of substances that burn with an almost dim flame without smoke and soot, like ethyl or methyl alcohol, and when burned, do not leave the smallest trace of ash.
Urotropin - the very first dry fuel - was received in 1860 by a Russian organic chemist Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov(1828-1886), studying the interaction of methanal with the aqueous substance of ammonia. As a result of the reaction, dim crystals of the composition (СH2)6N4 were formed. This substance is called hexamethylenetetramine, or urotropine. Both urotropin itself and its compound with calcium chloride (calcex) turned out to be good anti-inflammatory and diuretic agents, and therefore they are this moment can be purchased at any pharmacy.
Do-it-yourself dry fuel, dry alcohol, solid biofuel, Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov, dry fuel at home
Another remarkable property of urotropine is the ability to burn without the formation of ash. Pills or briquettes of purchased dry fuel consist specifically of urotropine with a small addition of paraffin. This fuel is very comfortable to use: it simply ignites from a match, it simply fades away, one has only to cover the flame with a cap or cup. Its only drawback is that, when damp, it begins to glow, cracking and scattering sparks.
Although dry fuel is almost always available at a hardware store or camping equipment store, small quantities can be made at home.
Do-it-yourself dry fuel
This is done as follows: put a small enameled pan in a bowl of cool water (better if the water is running) and pour 100 ml of formalin (40% methanal solution), and then add in small portions while mixing 1 liter of ammonia solution (445 ml of 25% th solution is diluted with 555 ml of water beforehand). These operations are best carried out in the open air, since both methanal and ammonia are harmful to inhale. Later, the pan is covered with a lid and left in a cold place until the next day.
Then the contents of the pan are evaporated in a water bath, achieving crystallization of urotropin. Later, the pan is cooled, the crystals are filtered off, squeezed between sheets of filter or just toilet paper and dried in air. 1-3% paraffin is added to dry urotropine, the mixture is ground in a mortar and briquettes are pressed from it. It is necessary to store ready-made dry fuel, protecting it from water.
The combustion products of urotropine (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor) are gaseous, and no ash remains from it.
Metaldehyde is the 2nd type of "dry alcohol". This tetramer (four-link polymer) of acetaldehyde has the formula (CH3CHO)4. If a few drops of sulfuric acid diluted (1:1) with water are added to acetaldehyde (acetaldehyde) - dull volatile water with a corresponding odor, cooled below 0 o C, then acetaldehyde is converted into combustible hard metaldehyde, insoluble in water and ethyl alcohol. Cubes, sticks, pills are cut out of it, which simply light up from a match. During combustion, metaldehyde does not form ash, because all the products of its interaction with atmospheric oxygen are carbon dioxide and water vapor.
dry fuel at home
Another type of "dry alcohol" is calcium acetate solvate. If 10 ml of a concentrated aqueous solution of calcium acetate is quickly poured into 170 ml of ethyl alcohol, the mixture hardens almost instantly into a translucent mass, similar to snow-white soap. From such a mass, cubes can be cut, which, when ignited, glow perfectly.
When burned, the calcium acetate solvate decomposes to form a small amount of ash (calcium carbonate) and acetone, which, like ethyl alcohol, burns perfectly.
Dry fuel
Tablets of dry fuel of domestic production
Several Esbit tablets
Dry fuel- fuel, also known in everyday life under the name "dry alcohol". In fact, dry fuel does not apply to alcohols. Dry fuel consists of urotropine compressed with a small amount of paraffin. Urotropin was obtained in 1859 by Russian organic chemist Alexander Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-1886), who studied the interaction of formaldehyde with an aqueous solution of ammonia. As a result of the reaction, colorless crystals of the composition (CH 2) 6 N 4 were formed. This substance is called hexamethylenetetramine or urotropin.
Compressed dry fuel tablets burn with a colorless flame similar to alcohols, do not spread during combustion, do not smoke and do not leave ash.
Application
By appointment
Commonly used for heating or cooking in the field by tourists, military and humanitarian organizations.
Often, dry fuel tablets are included in army food rations, often a metal stand is included in the kit for the size of a fuel tablet for ease of use.
Also, dry fuel tablets are used as fuel for miniature models of steam engines, for example, production Wilesco or mamod.
Not on purpose
Advantages and disadvantages
Dry fuel tablets are a simple, lightweight, compact, powerful heat source. Under the storage conditions, they have an unlimited shelf life. Due to the fact that the power of the flame is problematic to regulate, it is more often used for heating than for cooking. Dry fuel flames are sensitive to wind, so a simple shield may be necessary. Dry fuel is more expensive and less common than other fuels like ethanol or gasoline.
The specific calorific value of dry fuel is about 31,300 MJ/kg.
Links
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
See what "Dry fuel" is in other dictionaries:
Dry fuel ... Wikipedia
Dry fuel Studio album Sand People Release date May 2009 Recorded 2007 Genre Rap Country Russia ... Wikipedia
Dry fuel: Dry fuel, also known colloquially as "dry alcohol". Dry Fuel album of the group Sand People ... Wikipedia
Dry toponym: Russia Dry village in the Kirovsky district of the Leningrad region Dry village in Okulovsky municipal area Novgorod region Dry village in the Bakcharsky district of the Tomsk region Dry village, ... ... Wikipedia
Genre Rap Years 1998 present Country ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Combustible mixture. Combustible mixture ... Wikipedia
This term has other meanings, see Candle (meanings) ... Wikipedia
During hikes, people spend a long time in an environment that is very different from their usual one, they can get into extreme situations caused by low or high temperature, avalanches, floods on rivers, heavy rainfall, etc. In practice... ... Medical Encyclopedia
- (NAZ) an individual set of means designed to ensure the life of the crew members of an aircraft after a forced landing in a deserted area or splashdown. The kit is packed in a special container, which ... ... Encyclopedia of technology
Hexamethylenetetramine molecule Hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4, or C6H12N4), (urotropine, hexamine, English: Methenamine (INN), 1,3,5,7 tetraazaadamantane, hexamethylenetetramine or hexametylenetetramine). It is used in medicine under international n ... Wikipedia
Books
- Young chemist. Set "Silver Mirror" (507) , . A great set to develop children's interest in science. The kit includes reagents and laboratory equipment in order to obtain a mirror coating from silver nitrate.…
