Car audio amplifier output. Powerful do-it-yourself auto amplifier

Every car owner knows that good audio systems are quite expensive. The price of just one of the main elements that allow you to produce high-quality sound - an amplifier - can be more than a hundred dollars. Therefore, many connoisseurs of high-quality sound are thinking about how to make a musical amplifier for a subwoofer with their own hands. We will talk about this below.

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Tools and materials

If you decide to equip your car with a quality 12 volt radio, you will need a subwoofer and an amplifier to ensure good sound.

The output transistors must be provided with cooling, to do this, the elements can be bent to the board, while their contacts must be located upwards. After that, it is necessary to apply thermal paste on the contact surfaces and put a dielectric film, and only then radiators are mounted on top. Thanks to this, you can slightly reduce the dimensions of the latter and, in general, save space in the case.

Since the installation of a subwoofer involves the use of an amplifier for a car, it will be necessary to isolate the low frequency range from the incoming pulse. The scheme itself is a single-channel one, so it is necessary to put a channel adder at the input to the pulse processing device. This will convert a two-channel pulse into a single-channel one.

As for the rectification and switching device, this device consists of several components:

A switching device necessary to notify the driver about the readiness or unavailability of the amplifier for operation. The notification is carried out thanks to two diodes - red and green.
rectifier device. This device is necessary to stabilize the pulses that are transmitted to the main control unit.

Before you make an amplifier for a 12 volt subwoofer, you need to prepare one of the main components of the device - the case. Of course, this element is needed, otherwise where to install the circuit? Alternatively, the case can be built with your own hands from plywood or purchased ready-made, it all depends on your capabilities and preferences. For example, an amplifier can be connected to the case from a DVD player. This device is usually small. stylish design, and its connectors, if necessary, can be redesigned to connect to car subwoofers.

A better option would be to use an aluminum and, most importantly, a whole body, which can also serve as a radiator. As you know, during operation, the circuits heat up, as a result of which, when using a wooden case in the manufacture, you will have to think through the cooling system. Moreover, this system should be of the highest quality. Moreover, in some cases it is even necessary to do active cooling. Therefore, the use of an aluminum case is the best option (the author of the video is AKA KASYAN).

Manufacturing instructions

The amplifier for can be assembled after preparing all the main elements. A 12 volt device can be easily assembled by connecting all the components and placing them in the case. Due to the voltage of the conversion device (transformer), a small fan can be placed on the device case. Thanks to him, the air flow will be circulated in the system, which will allow to cool the circuits and protect them from overheating, respectively, premature failure.

When connecting with a block, it is necessary to use wires in cambric. If the wires come into contact with each other, this can lead not only to the formation of a short circuit, but also to the burnout of the constituent elements in principle. The units must be installed in the case in such a way that airflow can circulate freely between these components. The circuit must be fixed as firmly as possible, otherwise the 12-volt amplifier made will rattle while driving and when the subwoofer is running.

Conclusion

During work, be careful - if you make mistakes, the blocks can fail. Take on this venture only if you have basic skills in the field of electronics. If you have never dealt with such tasks before, then it is better to entrust this matter to specialists.

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Video "Making an amplifier at home"

The process of making an amp at home is presented in the video below (the author of the video is Ivan Aponasenko).

Factory audio amplification devices are expensive and may not be powerful enough. looking at a photo homemade amplifiers sound, it is obvious that they outwardly are in no way inferior to finished products. In addition, their manufacture on their own does not require special skills and high material costs.

Device basis

Beginning radio amateurs first of all ask themselves the question: what can a simple sound amplifier be assembled from at home. The operation of the device is based on transistors or microcircuits, or a rare option is possible - on lamps. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Microcircuits

A TDA series chip and a similar one can be purchased in stores or use a chip from an unnecessary TV.

Using car amplifier chips with a 12 volt power supply, it is very easy to achieve high-quality sound without the use of special skills and with a minimum of details.

transistors

Advantages of transistors in low power consumption. The device produces excellent sound performance, is easily integrated into any equipment and does not require additional settings. In addition, there is no need to search and use complex microcircuits.

Lamps

To date, the outdated assembly method based on tubes gives high-quality sound, but has several disadvantages:

increased energy intensity
dimensions
cost of components

Recommendations for the correct assembly of a sound amplifier with your own hands

A homemade sound quality amplification device based on TDA series chips and their analogues generates a lot of heat. For cooling, you need a radiator grill of a suitable size, depending on the model of the microcircuit itself and the power of the amplifier. In the case you need to provide a place for it.

The advantage of this DIY device is its low power consumption, which allows it to be used in cars by connecting it to a battery, as well as on the road or at home using a battery. The power consumption depends on the required degree of signal amplification. Some manufactured models require a voltage of only 3 volts.

We apply a serious and responsible approach to the assembly of the sound amplifier in order to avoid short circuits and failure of components.

Necessary materials

During the assembly process, you will need the following tools and components:

chip
frame
capacitors
power unit
plug
button-switch
wires
cooling radiator
screws
hot melt and thermal paste
soldering iron and rosin

Diagrams and instructions for making an amplifier at home

Each circuit is unique and depends on the sound source (old or modern digital technology), power supply, estimated final dimensions. It is assembled on a printed circuit board, which will make the device compact and more convenient. In the assembly process, you can not do without a soldering iron or soldering station.

The scheme of the British John Linsley - Hood, is based on four transistors without microcircuits. It allows you to similarly repeat the shape of the input signal, resulting in only a pure gain and a sinusoid at the output.

The simplest and most common option for manufacturing a single-channel amplifier is to use a microcircuit, supplemented with resistors and capacitors, as the basis.

Algorithm of actions for manufacturing

install radio components on the printed circuit board, taking into account the polarity
assemble the body (providing space for additional parts, for example, a radiator grill)

It is acceptable to use a ready-made case or create it yourself, as well as install the board in the speaker case.

run the device in test mode (detect and eliminate faults in case of occurrence)
assembly of the amplifier (connection to the power supply and other components)

Note!

Do-it-yourself home and car amplifiers

At home, powerful sound is often lacking when watching movies on a laptop or listening to music on headphones. Consider how to make a sound amplifier with your own hands.

For laptop

The sound wave amplifier must take into account the power of external speakers up to 2 watts and the resistance of the windings up to 4 ohms.

Assembly accessories:

9 volt power supply
printed circuit board
chip TDA 7231
frame
non-polar capacitor 0.1 uF - 2 pcs
polar capacitor 100 uF
polar capacitor 220 uF
polar capacitor 470 uF
resistor constant 10 kΩ m 4.7 ohm
on/off switch
entry socket

Manufacturing scheme

The algorithm of assembly actions is selected depending on the selected scheme. It is necessary to take into account the appropriate size of the cooling radiator so that the operating temperature inside the case does not rise above 50 degrees Celsius. When using a laptop outdoors, you need to provide holes in the case for air access.

for car radio

It is possible to assemble an amplifier for a car radio on a common TDA8569Q chip. Its characteristics:

supply voltage 6-18 volts
input power 25 watts per channel into 4 ohms and 40 watts per channel into 2 ohms
frequency range 20-20000 Hz

Note!

It is imperative to provide, in addition to the circuit, a filter against interference created by the operation of the car.

First, draw the printed circuit board, then drill holes in it. Then the board must be etched with ferric chloride. After tinning and soldering all the details of the microcircuit. The feed paths will need to be thickly soldered to avoid power additives. Provide a cooling system using a cooler or radiator grille.

At the end of the assembly, it is necessary to make a filter from the interference of the ignition system and poor sound insulation according to the following scheme: on a ferrite ring with a diameter of 20 mm, wind a choke with a wire with a cross section of 1-1.5 mm in 5 turns.

Assembling a device to improve sound quality at home is not difficult. The main thing is to decide on the circuit and have at hand all the components from which you can easily assemble a simple sound amplifier.

DIY sound amplifier photo

Note!

Almost all modern cars are equipped with a sound reproduction system, but in some cases it may be necessary to make a car amplifier with your own hands. There are many schemes of such devices. Some of them are very easy to repeat and do not contain scarce radio components. Such designs provide satisfactory sound quality when working on broadband speaker systems. You can assemble a sound amplifier in a car with your own hands using transistors or an integrated circuit.

Do-it-yourself sound amplifier in a car

Automotive structures are used to work with various sources sound. It could be a tape recorder mobile phone or FM tuner. Typically, the signal level from the output of these devices is sufficient to drive the output stage, so a preliminary stage is not required in this design, however, tone controls must be present in the circuit. They can be passive or active. The tone control nodes assembled on operational amplifiers are very popular. Their disadvantage is the need to use a bipolar power supply. Passive controllers based on discrete elements are easy to manufacture and do not require tuning.

A powerful DIY car audio amplifier must provide such an output level that the noise of the motor does not interfere with normal listening. All automotive electronic devices are powered by the on-board network, so the circuits are designed specifically for this voltage. The power output of automotive systems is typically limited to 15-25 watts. This is due to a certain voltage, which is provided by the vehicle's on-board network. It should be borne in mind that the ignition system creates impulse noise, so the input circuits must be well shielded, and LC filters should be installed in the power circuits.

There are automotive systems that provide an output power of 100-300 W or more. They require a bipolar supply of 40-60 V, so the circuit has a switching voltage converter. Such devices contain a large number of parts, and they are difficult to manufacture and configure. A powerful do-it-yourself sound amplifier for a car can be made using complementary pairs of silicon transistors. Complex transistor circuits, powered by a switching voltage converter, provide an output power of 40-50 watts per channel, a linear frequency response in the range of 20 Hz-20 kHz, and a non-linear distortion coefficient of the order of 0.05%.

This circuit is designed to reproduce audio signals from a car radio, FM tuner or other electronic device. The variable resistor at the input can be the volume control of a sound reproducing device. Pre-amplification of the signal is performed by a two-channel 548UN1A microcircuit. In parentheses are the conclusions for the second channel in the manufacture of the stereo path. The integrated circuit is characterized by a low noise level, a large supply voltage range (6-30 V) and a low current consumption. The phase inverter is assembled on two germanium transistors of different conductivity. Reliable transistors of the old series can be replaced with more modern counterparts.

The signal from the phase inverter collectors is fed to the semiconductor bases of the output stage. By reducing the capacitance of the capacitor C4, you can limit the reproduction of low frequencies. By selecting the resistor R4, on the collectors of the output transistors, you need to set half the supply voltage. Power transistors mounted on a common radiator. The input circuits entering the input of the integrated circuit must be shielded. When installing the device on a car, it is necessary to take into account the correct connection of the common wire. "Earth" is carried out with a thick and as short as possible wire.

Do-it-yourself sound amplifier for a car can be made using a bridge circuit. It does not contain scarce parts and is designed for high-quality sound reproduction in the car.

The design is powered by the on-board network and provides an output power of 12 watts into a 4 ohm load. The capacitances of capacitors C4 and C5 should be of the order of 2000.0 microfarads. In this case, the unit will reproduce the frequency band from 25 Hz to 18 kHz, with a coefficient of non-linear distortion of not more than 0.3%. silicon diodes set the quiescent current of the output transistors. There is a fuse and a choke in the power circuit. This is a single-layer winding with a PEV wire 1 mm in diameter on a ferrite rod 20 mm long and 8 mm in diameter. The following radio components are used in the circuit:

DA1.1 - DA1.2 - K548UN1A
VD1 - VD8 - KD521A
VT1 - VT7 - KT503A
VT2 - VT8 - KT502A
VT3 - VT5 - KT819A
VT4 - VT6 - KT818A

Resistors R2 and R3 change the depth of negative feedback. This operation can be performed by ear.

Modern element base allows you to independently produce a sound system of sufficiently high power with a minimum number of radio elements. For this purpose integral components are used. A powerful amplifier in a car with your own hands can be made on a TDA1562Q chip. This integrated circuit has a voltage doubling function, which allows the amplifier to develop high output power when powered from the vehicle's on-board network. The design allows you to get up to 70 watts into a load of 4 ohms. The circuit has protection against a short circuit of the output and a short circuit of any of the output wires to positive or ground. When the case is heated above 1200C, the device will automatically switch to low power mode, which will not exceed 20 watts. The TDA1562Q chip has the following characteristics:

Supply voltage - 8-18 V
Frequency range - 18-40,000 Hz
Input impedance - 100-120 kOhm
Output power - 55-70 W
The coefficient of non-linear distortion at a power of 20 W - 0.06%

An LED is switched on in the output circuit 8, which lights up when the temperature exceeds the norm, an open or short circuit in the load, or another emergency. Capacitors C7 and C8 consist of two 3,300 microfarad capacitances connected in parallel. Through the contact block connected between the 4th output and the power plus, you can control the device on. To do this, any switch with fixation must be connected to the contacts of the block. Capacitors C3, C4 and C6 must be film. The microcircuit is mounted on a radiator with an area of at least 600 cm2. The surface of the microcircuit should be lubricated with KPT heat-conducting paste. A 15 A fuse is placed between the “+” of the battery and the amplifier power bus. The input signal, through the capacitor C3, is fed to the input of the microcircuit 1 (IN +), and the speakers are connected to pins 7 and 11 (OUT +, OUT-).

This simple stereo circuit contains a minimum of detail and provides up to 40 watts per channel into a 4 ohm load. The device is assembled on a TDA8560Q chip, which is operable at a supply voltage of 8 to 18 volts. It provides signal amplification by 46 dB in the range from 10 Hz to 40 kHz. The distortion factor at a frequency of 1 kHz and an output power of 20 watts does not exceed 0.1%. If the signal is taken from the input built into the radio of the final stage, then it should be fed through resistors with a resistance of 20-50 kOhm. If the signal will be supplied from the speaker, then the value of the resistors should be 150-200 kOhm.

If a large output power is not required, then you can make a sound amplifier in a car using inexpensive integrated circuits. One of the possible options is made on an integrated circuit TDA2003. Its complete analogue is the domestic popular microcircuit 174UN14. The device operates from the car mains and provides output power up to 10 watts into a 2 ohm load or 6 watts into a 4 ohm load. Frequency range from 40 Hz to 15 kHz. The microcircuit should be installed on a small heatsink.

How to make a car amplifier

Even an inexperienced radio amateur can make an amplifier for car speakers with his own hands. Of course, if there is no practice, then one should start with simple devices made on integrated circuits. Transistor circuits usually require more complex setup, while integrated systems, when properly assembled, start working right away. A typical circuit of a simple audio amplifier for a car, with the exception of the power filter capacitors, contains only one resistor.

Together with a capacitance of 47 microfarads, it must provide a smooth supply of supply voltage to the 11th output of the microcircuit. In a typical embodiment, you can use different microcircuits. They differ from each other in some parameters, including the level of the input signal. So the TDA1557 chip needs 50 mV, and the TDA1552 chip needs to be supplied with 500mV so that it may require a preliminary stage. You can also make a car amplifier circuit with your own hands on transistors, but it will be somewhat more difficult.

How to make a sound amplifier for a car

First, a scheme is selected that must meet the required parameters. You can make a simple sound amplifier for a car radio with your own hands in just one evening. You will need an integrated circuit, a minimum of discrete elements, a simple power supply and a tester. A complex high-quality transistor unit will definitely require measuring equipment. In addition to the tester, you will need an oscilloscope, an audio frequency generator, a millivoltmeter and a non-linear distortion factor meter. To adjust the finished device, instead of acoustic systems, a load equivalent is usually connected. Do-it-yourself audio amplifier for a car can be made using only a tester, but in this case it will not be possible to get a good amplitude-frequency response.

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If you do not want to spend money on expensive audio gadgets, you can try to assemble a car amplifier with your own hands. This operation is not difficult at all. The main thing is to competently approach its implementation.

1 Amplifiers - how not to get confused in their classes?

Many audio systems in modern vehicles are equipped with a special built-in device that allows you to achieve greater sound volume and music quality. Unfortunately, such a car full-time amplifier does not always cope with its tasks. Its power is simply not enough. In such cases, you have to purchase another device that can increase the current and voltage of the audio signal to a certain level.

Now it is easy to buy almost any car more powerful and high-quality amplifier. The only question is how much you plan to shell out for this important device for lovers of good music. Car amplifiers for reproducing high-quality sound are usually divided into different classes depending on the purity of the signal they produce and the efficiency indicator.

A car (comparatively inexpensive) class A amplifier provides a minimum of distortion. But its efficiency does not exceed 20%. More powerful are B-class fixtures. Their disadvantage is a significant distortion of the reproduced music. In this case, class A / B devices can be considered the golden mean. They are characterized by average values of sound purity and efficiency.

Car amplifiers of these classes can have a different number of channels - from 2 to 5:

three-channel audio devices allow you to connect two speakers to them;
in two-channel car fixtures, only speakers can be connected;
four-channel ones can operate in tri-mode mode (one mono and two stereo systems are connected to one output), and a subwoofer is additionally connected to five-channel ones.

There are also large bass amplifiers. They are called monoblocks. The cost of such devices is high. Therefore, a monoblock car amplifier is purchased quite rarely even by those car owners who are not used to saving on anything.

2

When choosing a modern car amplifier, you first need to decide on its class, and then on the number of channels. And only after that proceed to the subject analysis technical capabilities the audio equipment you are interested in. How to choose a car amplifier in practice? Pay attention to the following characteristics:

In addition, it makes sense to deal with the number of car amplifier connectors. Expensive devices have a variety of linear and high-amplitude inputs. The former are needed to connect equalizers, processes and other systems to the audio system. And without the second, you won’t be able to install a radio in a car without a line-out.

3

Specialists in the field of radio electronics say that transistor and microcircuit audio amplifiers cannot be compared with ULF devices in terms of sound quality. Any pro will tell you that a tube car amplifier will delight you with great music without any distortion.

At the same time, you can assemble such a sound amplifier with your own hands in a couple of hours and with minimal financial costs.

Tube amplifier

A tube car amplifier can be made on an elementary single-cycle circuit. It is shown below. This circuit is good in that it allows you to increase the output power due to the parallel pairwise arrangement of light bulbs operating on the load.

Let's see how to assemble a simple car amplifier at home according to the above diagram. You need to take the sound output and power transformers from the old TV, find (or purchase) an unused power supply and light bulbs. It is desirable to put products marked 6N2P at the entrance. And the 6P14P lamp is more suitable for the output. If the old power supply for a homemade car amplifier could not be found, you will have to buy a new fixture. Choose any. The main thing is that it is designed for 50 Hertz and has windings for the specified voltages.

Focusing on the circuit, you assemble all its elements into one whole (as you yourself understand, it will be difficult to do this without knowing the basics of radio electronics). Then you look for a suitable case to place a homemade car amplifier in it. As such, you can use an unnecessary case from the system unit. You can not even remove the fan from it - it will blow on the tube amplifier. The fan should not run constantly. Therefore, be sure to make a switch for it. Place this tool on the back side of the system engineer's case. You will only turn it on when needed.

Tube amplifier

You can make your car amplifier more elegant and practical by highlighting its bulbs with multi-colored diodes.. Then, when the audio device is started, the lamps will glow, for example, in green, blue in standby mode, and so on. That's all the wisdom of self-assembly of a simple amplifier for cars. Believe me, it will not differ much from an average cost factory device, and it will even surpass it in sound quality.

4

Semiconductor elements make it possible to make a small semiconductor amplifier for your car to any craftsman who has the skills to perform simple electronic work. Let's see how to assemble an excellent audio device on the TDA8560Q chip. Instead, you can use both TDA2005 and TDA1558 and any other circuit that gives the following (approximately) characteristics:

frequency range - from 20 to 20000 Hertz;
power (at the output) - 25–40 W;
power supply (voltage value) - from 6 to 18 V.

To make a car semiconductor amplifier, you need to purchase all the required items: capacitors and resistors (0.2 uF), a transformer (power) with a current of up to 5 A, a cooling radiator, a power switch, sound and volume balance controls, diodes marked D245 ( or their analogues), capacitor (electrolytic) 25 V x 4700 uF, connectors (output and input). You assemble all these components according to the scheme on the printed circuit board, solder them, solder a thin wire into the power paths. Then mount the fabricated structure on the cooling radiator. Your little sound amplifier is ready!

Car amplifier on a TDA chip

Now you should think about how to correctly connect a car amplifier. Everything is simple here. Assemble the power supply yourself (diagram below) and connect it to the on-board network. More on this later.

5 Connecting and configuring homemade and factory audio devices

Let's figure out how to connect a car amplifier yourself. If you have never done this kind of work, it is recommended to purchase a special set of electrical wires designed specifically for this purpose. A ready-made kit will allow you to quickly connect an amplifier (made by yourself or factory). True, the sound quality in this case may not be the best. You can achieve perfect sound by using separate stranded copper wires:

2x4 for subwoofer;
2x1.5 for tweeters;
2x2.5 for rear and front speakers.

Any wire can be used as power wiring. It is usually connected to the car body with a minus, and to the radio power output - with a plus. But pros in the field of car audio recommend connecting the amplifier a little differently - directly to the vehicle's battery. In this case, you will have to spend money on a more expensive and thick wire KG-35 or KG-25. It must be connected to the existing terminals on the battery. The remaining wires (between the speakers and separate sides of the audio system) are also connected to the terminals and special outputs.

Do-it-yourself tuning of a car amplifier, as a rule, does not cause serious problems. This operation should be performed strictly according to the instructions supplied with the factory sound amplifying device. And home-made "gadgets" are configured using sound balance and volume controls, which, as noted above, are mounted in semiconductor and tube amplifiers.

To ensure high-quality sound of music in the car, the consumer can purchase an expensive car radio and subwoofer. But, besides this, it is necessary to install an amplifying device. In order not to spend money on buying it, you can build an amplifier in the car with your own hands.

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Why do you need a car audio amplifier?

When the sound is activated at full power, the car radio begins to make noises and wheezing that are unpleasant for human hearing. This is due to the fact that the standard amplifier for the car audio system is too weak and cannot cope with the load that is placed on it. Especially if the audio system is supplemented with a subwoofer. Amplifiers can be used to eliminate third-party and unpleasant noise.

The amplifying device should not change the sound, its purpose is to maintain sound quality at an appropriate level.

The Treicer100 channel gave a clear answer to the question of the purpose for which amplifying devices are installed in cars.

The main characteristics of audio amplifiers for cars

When choosing a device to amplify the volume, you need to pay attention not only to the manufacturer, but also to the main characteristics.

These include:

device class;
number of channels;
the value of the rated output power;
parameter of maximum and minimum reproducible frequency;
device sensitivity;
the amount of harmonic distortion, as well as the ratio of noise and signal.

Device class

On sale you can find devices of classes:

The last two options are more popular, so you should focus on them:

Class AB devices are characterized by high quality output pulses, but reduced efficiency. As a result, the output power will be low, out of 100 W at the output no more than 50 W. The dimensions of such devices are larger, since about half of the power is released in the form of a heat flux, which must be dissipated using radiator devices.
Type D devices do not use powerful transistor mechanisms. But the output power will be higher, and the dimensions of the amplifying device will be smaller. The efficiency parameter in D-amplifiers will be up to 95%, but the cost of such equipment is much higher. The use of a class D amplifying device will allow the consumer to connect a powerful subwoofer to the car radio.

The Ensemb channel showed practical examples and talked in detail about the classifications of car amplifying devices.

Number of channels

Amplifying devices can have a different number of channels:

Monoblocks or single-channel equipment is used to connect a subwoofer to an installed car radio. Monoblocs may not have a high-pass filter, but it is important that they are equipped with low-pass filters. The range of playable frequencies in such devices, as a rule, shifts down, and the highest power setting is usually no more than 250 Hz. If you plan to connect a powerful subwoofer, the amplifying device should be equipped with an ultra-low frequency filter element, this will cut off harmful and unpleasant sounds. If the standard audio system does not have a bass level control, then the monoblock must be equipped with this function.
Two-channel equipment is a more versatile type of device. Such amplifiers are used to connect two speakers or one powerful subwoofer according to the bridge scheme. The amplification procedure in two-channel equipment is performed in the range audible to the human ear - from 20 to 20 thousand Hz. Such amplifiers are equipped with low- and high-frequency filtering devices.
Three-channel devices are used to connect two speakers and a subwoofer. Such equipment, depending on the manufacturer, is usually equipped with additional functions for working with subwoofers. As a rule, these are filter elements and bass controls.
Universal option - equipment designed for 4 channels, usually used to create a complete audio system. Such a device is made of two amplifiers with 2 channels each, which are installed in one case. Each of the units is equipped with its own crossover, which makes it possible to use equipment for connection with 4 speakers or with two speakers and one subwoofer. Sometimes two channels are used to play high frequencies, and the other two are used to play low frequencies.
Devices designed for five channels. Such equipment is used to connect with a subwoofer and four speakers.

Output power

This parameter is one of the main ones to consider when buying. The output power value is the value at which the equipment can operate for a long time, not less than 60 minutes. To confuse consumers, device manufacturers may include numbers on packages that refer to peak power. This value represents the power that the equipment delivers for a short time. But prolonged operation at this setting may damage the equipment.

The output power parameter is a value that is inversely proportional to the value of the internal resistance of the installed speakers. If the indicator of their resistance doubles, then the power is reduced by 50%. When connecting two speakers to the same amplifier channel, the impedance value will change. If you need to use a pair of channels, you need to make sure that the equipment allows you to make such a connection.

Playback frequency

The playback frequency parameter covers the entire reproducible range of 20-20000 Hz. It is possible to exceed these values, but in fact it does not matter. In single-channel equipment used to drive subwoofers, the highest frequency can be up to 300 Hz. This is enough for high-quality work of the subwoofer, it makes no sense to play a high frequency.

Sergey Lebedev spoke in detail about adjusting the frequency parameter during the operation of an automobile amplifying device.

Distortion Parameter and Noise-to-Signal Ratio

If the consumer appreciates high quality sound, it is important to pay attention to these characteristics. The amount of distortion is the noise that is introduced into the reproduced pulses. An increased distortion value can be manifested by the disappearance of the purity of the sound. In this case, the sound itself will be more deaf, hissing appears, in particular, when the volume is increased.

The harmonic distortion parameter is the ratio of the magnitude of the introduced harmonic to the amplitude of the useful pulses. Providing high quality sound is possible with 1% harmonic distortion at any frequency. The human ear will not be able to distinguish harmonic distortion less than 0.5%, so there is no point in buying expensive amplifiers with a lower parameter.

In addition to harmonic noise, amplifying equipment also reproduces random, as a source can be:

The magnitude of this noise is characterized by the ratio of sound to impulse. This value determines what noise will be if the pulse at the equipment input is zero. For high-quality sound, this value should be at least 75 decibels. If an elite premium radio tape recorder is installed in the car, then this parameter must be at least 95 decibels.

Sensitivity

The parameter represents the value of the input pulse at which the equipment allows the reproduction of signals of rated power. Machine devices for amplification are equipped with regulatory devices, which allows them to be installed on any multimedia systems. If the consumer plans to connect an amplifying device to the preamplifier output of a radio or other equipment or a crossover, one thing must be taken into account. The selected device must have the function of setting the sensitivity parameter. And the output pulse of the device installed in the chain before the amp must be in the sensitivity range of the equipment.

To choose a quality device, you need to make sure that there are protections added by the manufacturer to the equipment. It is desirable that the amplifying device be protected from overload and short circuit in the electrical circuit. When buying, you must take into account the size of the equipment. A powerful device is characterized by large dimensions, so before installation you need to think about where to place it. The installation site must be protected from moisture and dust, but have free air access for cooling the radiator.

The Vinokurov Audio channel spoke in detail about setting the sensitivity parameters in car audio systems.

The process of creating amplifiers with your own hands

It is allowed to connect to the car not only a branded amplifier, but also a device made independently. The assembly procedure is recommended for consumers who understand electronics.

How to make a quality case for an amplifier?

It is necessary to assemble a homemade amp after the case is ready. It must fit all the components and assemblies of the equipment. It is allowed to buy a finished product, but you can build it yourself from plywood. To connect equipment, it is possible to use a case from a car radio. The device has the right size and design, and for connection it is allowed to remake the connectors for a subwoofer.

The best option is to use a finished case made of aluminum, this material will allow you to cool the equipment. During the operation of the device, all components of the circuit are heated, therefore, if the product is made of wood, the consumer needs to consider high-quality cooling. Active cooling systems are allowed, so installing the amplifier in an aluminum case is the best option.

Radioblog channel. The solderer's video blog spoke in detail about the creation of an aluminum case for an amplifying device.

Subwoofer Amplifier

Making a subwoofer for a car radio consists of four stages:

Selection or self-development electrical circuit devices.
Performing an audio signal processing task.
Assembly of the stabilization block of the power circuit.
Assembly of all constituent components into a single device.

Features of the assembly of the amplifying device:

A board is selected that should have built-in overheating protection, all branded devices are equipped with such an element. The microcircuit must be protected from short circuit. It is allowed to add an error detection system to the board; for this, a diode light source is installed. It will blink in case of overheating or short circuit.
Then the consumer draws a printed circuit board; for this, the use of LUT technology is recommended. In the absence of such a printer, a marker with a stroke can be used.
Holes are drilled on the board for the installation of the constituent elements, after which they are mounted. Before installation, the board is tinned and the elements are fixed on it. It is recommended to cover the tracks that will be used to power the device with solder or solder a piece of wire on them. The solder must be thick.
An electrical capacitor device is installed in the power supply circuit, which has a large capacity and the required voltage level. The example uses a 16V 4700uF capacitor.
The microcircuit is being installed on the radiator device. It is recommended to use larger radiators than indicated in the photo, or you need to make an active cooling system. This will require the use of a cooler, it is allowed to use fans from personal computers.
When the assembly of the amplifying device is completed, it is necessary to build a power filter element. It will be required to connect the equipment to the machine's electrical network.
The inductor is wound with a cable with a cross section of no more than 1.5 mm2, the procedure is performed on a ferrite ring. The diameter of the latter should be 20 mm, and the number of turns will be 5. It is allowed to use a ring from a power supply from a PC or a 12 volt transformer device. The size of the element may be different, in its absence, the purchase of a new device is allowed.

Audio signal processing

An adder is used to process audio signals. The device is designed for summation, as well as increasing the power parameter of the audio channel. If one sub is installed in the car, then the unit is equipped with three regulatory elements. One of them adjusts the cutoff of audio frequencies, the other is the volume, and the third is the phase rotator. This allows the speaker and subwoofer to function in harmony with each other.

Features of the assembly of the adder:

The circuit is based on film capacitor devices. This option is optimal for providing high power and circuits used in machine subs.
It is possible to use capacitor options designed for 100 Pkf. It is better to use ceramic parts.
To create an adder microcircuit, a printed circuit board is used. This option does not require prior adjustment and configuration. Printed circuit boards the most compact.
When assembling, the consumer will have a block in his hands, consisting of a filtering device and an adder. An amplifier of any power can be connected to such a device.

Adder circuit for amp

Assembly of the power circuit stabilization unit

When driving at idle, the amplifying device requires no more than 1.5 amperes of current generated by the battery. To prevent battery discharge in the car, a relay with a 12-volt voltage is installed. The current parameter should be 20 amperes. A separate terminal is made to install the relay.

The terminal is connected to a separate contact on the audio system, the output must have a 12-volt voltage. This will allow you to activate the subwoofer with a multimedia complex. Additionally, two diode lighting sources are mounted on the board; they are used to control activation and deactivation. To get a bipolar power device, transistor elements and zener diodes are mounted on the board. To reduce the voltage and stabilize the parameter to 15 volts, integral stabilizer elements are used.

Assembling the stabilization unit on the board

Assembling all parts together

There are two options to assemble all the details of the device into one device:

Mount all components on one board. After that, they are installed in a plastic case.
Assemble all circuits and boards separately. The elements are connected by means of electrical circuits. The second option is preferable for novice users. When implementing it, you still need a case; it is used to protect equipment from external influences.

To protect electrical circuits from rapid heating, radiator devices are used, otherwise the amplifying device may burn out.

Sound amplifier for speakers

To complete the task of assembling an amplifying device for car speakers, you will need:

computer or laptop;
soldering iron with rosin and tin;
jigsaw;
a piece of plywood from which the body will be made;
adhesive sealant;
ruler;
pencil or marker;
set of terminals and plugs;
low frequency speaker;
processing block;
wire for connecting to the car radio and speakers;
an electronic component that you can make yourself or buy a ready-made version.

Amplifier assembly diagram and step-by-step description of the process

The procedure for assembling the amplifier in the car with your own hands:

At the first stage, preparatory actions are carried out. It is necessary to prepare all the elements for assembling the device and think over a plan for the implementation of the work.
A ready-made circuit for an amplifying device is being created or searched. The development of the board is done with similar components as described in the previous section. You can purchase a ready-made board or order an element from a specialist. The microcircuit is selected with protection against overheating and short circuit, holes are drilled on it for mounting the constituent elements.
In accordance with the scheme, the electronic component is assembled. Capacitor devices, stabilizers and other electrical components are installed.
After assembling the board, the case for the amplifier is manufactured. On a piece of plywood, the walls, bottom and upper part of the body are drawn with a pencil and a ruler. Pieces of wood are cut with a jigsaw and fixed to each other by means of sealant or self-tapping screws.
A low-frequency speaker, an electronic part, as well as switching devices are fixed on the body of the device. All electrical circuits of the acoustic system must be tightly fixed in the case and ensure their tightness in order to prevent the negative impact of external factors.
The amplifying device is being tested. If required, additional adjustment of the parameters of the car radio is made. At the final stage, the amplifier is installed in the place intended for this, then the operation of the acoustics is checked.

Diagram of a low-power amplifier device for speakers

Rating of the best amplifiers for cars in 2018

Not every consumer is able to assemble an amplifying device in a garage environment. When buying a branded amplifier, the car owner receives a guarantee that the equipment will work efficiently, which cannot be said about self-made devices.

Pioneer GM-D8601

Model Pioneer GM-D8601 is made in a small case, which will ensure ease of installation of the device in a car. The single-channel device belongs to category D and is characterized by high stability to reduced output impedance. This allows you to provide about 300 watts of power at 3 ohms. If the resistance value drops to 2 ohms, then the rated power will be 500 watts. The price of the amplifier is 7590 rubles.

In the reviews, consumers complain about the increased harmonic distortion parameter, which is up to 0.5%. In fact, this does not really affect the sound quality, since amplifying devices are used to drive subs.

Advantages of GM-D8601 models:

high power, which is confirmed by consumer reviews;
the optimal range of reproducible frequencies is from 10 to 240 Hz;
the device is equipped with a high-quality filter element for low frequencies;
small body dimensions;
the use of the model provides the ability to connect up to four subs;
large outputs for connecting the power circuit;
reduced resistance of 1 ohm.

The main disadvantages include the lack of heat sinks, which will cause the amplifier to overheat, as well as the lack of settings.

You can learn more about this model from the video of the Autosound Factory channel.

Pioneer GM-D9601

The single-channel model allows you to connect up to four subwoofers, which allows you to squeeze the maximum power out of the latter. With a resistance value of 2 ohms, the device can deliver up to 1600 watts of maximum power. If the operating parameter is doubled, then the peak power will drop to 1000 watts. In the case of a nominal indicator, the operating value will be 800 W at 2 ohms of resistance.

The Pioneer GM-D9601 is equipped with a low pass filter that operates at 40-240 Hz. The main feature of the D-category amplifier, whose distortion is no more than 0.5%, is the presence of a remote bass control. This model is ideal for connoisseurs of low frequencies.

Model advantages:

the presence of protection against short circuits;
power parameter increased to maximum values;
high-quality low-frequency filtering device;
work with several subs is allowed;
small dimensions of the case, allowing the installation of the amplifier anywhere in the cabin;
the presence of a regulator to change the magnitude of the bass;
the device consumes a minimum of electricity during operation, which helps prevent rapid battery drain.

The main disadvantages include the inflated cost, which is 11,499 rubles.

Mystery MR-2.75

Model Mystery MP-2.75 has a low cost, but the power of this amplifier is low. The device is designed to work with a two-channel speaker system. Its use will provide deep low frequencies. The small size allows you to install the device almost anywhere in the cabin. The equipment belongs to category AB, therefore it is characterized by increased energy consumption when the radio is activated at full power.

Model advantages:

a high-quality two-channel sound system is implemented;
the presence of protection against power surges and short circuits;
if the connection of the device with a subwoofer or speakers is bridged, then the power parameter can be up to 225 W;
it is possible to adjust the low frequencies;
the presence of filtering elements of bass and high frequencies;
the harmonic distortion factor parameter is 0.03%;
high range of playable frequencies, ranging from 20 to 20 thousand Hz;
an affordable price for many car owners, which is about 3599 rubles.

Cons of Mystery MP-2.75:

the value of the rated power at a resistance of 2 ohms will be no more than 120 W for one channel;
inconvenient to connect connectors and plugs;
high electricity consumption;
minimum settings.

Learn more about technical features and functionality Mystery MP-2.75 models can be found in the video filmed by the TAZavod 42 channel.

Pioneer GM-A5702

The cost of this device model is quite high - 7910 rubles, but the Pioneer GM-A5702 fully justifies the price. The value of the nominal power at a resistance of 4 ohms is 150 W for each channel. When connecting equipment in a bridge circuit with a similar resistance value, the power value will increase to 1000 watts. If this Pioneer model is installed on a car equipped with high-quality acoustics, it will be able to produce deep low frequencies and a clear sound in general.

The model works with harmonic distortion, but this parameter is not more than 0.05%. It is possible to independently adjust the bass. As a result of the fact that the device belongs to the AB category, when operating at full power, the load on the battery will be high.

Advantages:

the presence of a low-pass filter operating in the range from 40 to 500 Hz;
the possibility of maximum sound reproduction at a frequency of 70 thousand hertz, the sound quality depends on the installed audio system;
the value of the maximum power at a resistance of 4 ohms will be 300 watts per channel;
good value of rated power, providing high-quality reproduction;
availability of a two-channel system, its implementation at the highest level;
minimum harmonic distortion;
the presence of a low frequency regulator;
compact dimensions of the device.

The disadvantages of the model include the absence of a high-frequency filtering device.

Kicx RTS 4,100

This model cost 7790 rubles. allows you to "squeeze" the maximum out of car speakers and subwoofer. It is possible to bridge the device, as a result of which the number of channels is reduced to 2, however, the power of each will be 190 watts. The nominal power parameter with a resistance of 4 ohms is 100 W for each channel. If the resistance is 2 ohms, then the operating parameter will increase to 200 watts.

Generally specifications no different from other models. This device reproduces sound at a frequency in the range of 20-20000 Hz. The consumer has the ability to activate the Bass Boost option, which allows you to increase the low frequency parameter. There is a built-in crossover, and a low-pass filter device is complemented by a high-pass filter element. There is protection against power surges, overheating and short circuits, safety devices designed for 35 amperes are used for protection.

Advantages of the Kicx RTS 4.100 model:

high power value for multi-channel equipment;
small dimensions, providing the possibility of simplified installation;
various options for protecting the device from failure;
the possibility of amplifying low frequencies;
the presence of a crossover;
reduced harmonic distortion parameter.

This model has no disadvantages, but some consumers note a lack of equipment power.

Channel Team Sound Quality Rtishevo led detailed overview characteristics and features of the car amplifier Kicx RTS 4.100.

Sony XM-S400D

Consumers trust the Sony brand because the company has made a name for itself in the audio industry. Model Sony XM-S400D is characterized by increased reliability and compact dimensions. Users do not like the design of the device, which is made in the form of a regular black box with several exits on the sides. But this disadvantage is insignificant, since no one will look at the device during operation.

Installing an amplifier in a car will provide a deep and accurate sound, due to the presence of filtering devices for all types of frequencies. The nominal power parameter is 45 W for each channel, provided that the resistance value is 4 ohms. If the connection type is bridged, then the power will increase to 100 W for each channel, while the number of channels will not decrease. The features of the device include reduced harmonic distortion of 0.08%. Due to the fact that the model belongs to category D, the amplifier consumes a minimum of electricity during operation.

Model advantages:

high value of rated power;
getting deep and clear sound when connected to an amplifier;
the ability to reproduce frequencies in a wide range;
the presence of filtering components that provide high-quality sound;
reliable protection of equipment from failure, various systems are used for this.

Cons Sony XM-S400D:

inability to adjust low frequencies;
consumers note the difficulties that may be encountered during the installation of equipment;
high price - 9990 rubles.

Complete set of Sony XM-S400D amp model

Genesis Profile Four Ultra

This model cost 18990 rubles. can't boast original design, but it looks quite elegant, which is achieved thanks to the narrow radiator devices installed inside. The maximum power parameter can be up to 400 W, which is quite enough to equip a loud audio system. The presence of a fan will provide effective protection of equipment from overheating, and thanks to the crossover, you can remove unnecessary frequencies. The Genesis Profile Four Ultra model is considered the best option for installation in a car where front speakers play.

Benefits of the Genesis Profile Four Ultra Amplifier:

increased equipment power;
the possibility of functioning with a regulatory device;
using a bass equalizer that allows you to adjust the parameters;
the presence of a fan inside the structure;
small body dimensions.

The disadvantages include the sensitivity range. Some consumers note that it is not as extensive as it could be.

Audison SR4

This model cost 21700 rubles. It is considered universal and, judging by the reviews, has a high service life. When developing the device, the manufacturer implemented a configuration tuned to the most used scheme, which will allow you to get rid of problems during installation. The instrument is housed in an aluminum housing to prevent physical damage to the equipment. The developer used a competent design in the manufacture, which ensures high-quality cooling of the device. The functionality that this model has indicates the need to install an amplifier on a front speaker system with a subwoofer.

Benefits of the Audison SR 4: