Many of us love flowers that look like daisies. The first flower, drawn in childhood, looks exactly like this - a yellow core with petals around the edges. I immediately remember my childhood with naive divination on a camomile "loves - does not love." Flowers with petals, like those of a chamomile - white, blue, yellow, charming in their simplicity, pleasing to the eye, unpretentious in care, look harmonious in flower beds and plots. They are equally good in single or mixed plantings. However, their colors and sizes can be completely different. These are not types of chamomile, but completely different flowers. Let's look at the most popular of them.
In the flowerbed there is medicinal and garden chamomile, yellow coreopsis
Anacyclus
Anacyclus is easy to confuse with chamomile because they are really very similar. This flower has about 10 varieties, it can be either an annual or a perennial. Anacyclus blooms towards the end of May and continues to produce color until the end of July/beginning of August. This representative of the Astrov family reacts to lighting: in the evening the flowers close, and open in the morning. Most often in garden beds you can see Anacyclus depressus - it is considered the most common species, grown as a perennial. From the category of annuals, the most favorite (often found) are Anacyclus clavatus (club-shaped) and Anacyclus radiatus (radiant). The white petals of Anacyclus depressus are pink below, which distinguishes it from chamomile. This is a low plant of creeping type, it has strong pedicels. The flowers themselves are about 5 cm in diameter.
Anacyclus, types, photo:
Anacyclus depressus, the most common type of perennial anacyclus 
Anacyclus clavatus - club-shaped anacyclus 
Anacyclus radiatus - radiant anacyclus Gerbera
The general structure of the gerbera resembles a daisy, but unlike the "classic" white and yellow color, it can be pink, dark cherry, scarlet, orange, cream, completely yellow or lilac.
It is certainly attractive in its diversity. To date, there are many varieties of this flower. The rich color range of gerbera shades and enviable vitality (retains freshness for a very long time after being cut) make it popular for making bouquets.
Gerberas can also be double, their multiple petals, depending on the variety, are tubular, curly or pointed. It can be grown both outdoors and indoors in pots. Blooms in summer and continues to please the eye until November. The size of the flowers, as well as the height of the stems, vary depending on the variety. Today there are about 100 species of this attractive and unpretentious plant.
Nivyanik
In fact, this is the meadow chamomile. Nivyanik - this is the name of the most common variety of this flower representative. Like gerberas, leucanthemum can have different forms: terry, with needle-like petals, with large or small inflorescences. In our country, this plant is most often grown as a perennial, blooms in early summer and continues to produce flowers until late autumn. It is absolutely unpretentious to the soil and place of growth.
Nivyanik, photo of chamomile:
Chamomile, photo - common daisy 
Gatzania
There are so many shades of gazania: bright lemon, delicate cream, lilac, rich red, orange, two-color striped, etc. Gatzania is very similar to chamomile, only multi-colored. Coloring can be very diverse. Very beautiful glazing with a gradient color, when one color smoothly turns into another. In nature, there are about 40 varieties of this flower, all of them are frost-resistant, photophilous, and also resistant to drought and heat. Gatsania blooms by early summer and continues to bloom until frost. Its height does not exceed 30-40 cm. The flower can remain fresh in a vase for a long time after cutting. The plant is grown in open ground, in pots, flowerpots, boxes. Looks harmoniously in the company of other flowers in the flower bed, as well as in single plantings. With its help decorate paths, curbs, alpine slides.
Rudbeckia
Rudbeckia just refers to those plants that they say about, flowers like daisies are only multi-colored. This is a tall flower that can reach from 50 cm to 2 m in height (Rudbeckia laciniata - dissected), the size of the inflorescences varies from 9 to 12 cm, depending on the variety. Large flowers may have a double color of the petals (from darker at the base to lighter at the tips). Also, rudbeckia is yellow, cream, pink, brownish-scarlet, orange. This unpretentious plant is a perennial that will feel comfortable in one place for about 5 years. To date, there are many species (about 40) and hybrids of this flower. Rudbeckia is the decoration of the autumn flower garden, because the time of its flowering falls on the second half of August and September.
Doronicum
This is a non-capricious cold-resistant flower that can become a bright decoration of your site with the advent of May. Doronicum blooms for about 1.5 months, but the likelihood that it will delight you with its flowers again in mid-summer or closer to autumn is very high. Its genus consists of 40 varieties, but only 10 of its species are most popular. Doronicum is also called "goat". Depending on the variety, it can grow up to 50 cm or 1 m in height. Its flowers are large, from 8 to 10 cm in diameter. If you cut the doronicum and put it in a vase, it will stand for a very long time without losing its freshness. You should know that this flower is poisonous (its ground part).
One tip: do not plant doronicum (perennial roe) under trees - they oppress it, reducing the flowering time.
Doronicum:
Arctotis
Another name for it is Bear's Ear. Most often found in two forms - tall (up to 1 m 20 cm) and undersized (about 20 cm). Flower petals can be white, as well as red, orange, pink, cream. Colored petals indicate belonging to hybrids. This plant loves the sun, its flowers open with the advent of a new day and close with the onset of evening. Arctotis blooms in early summer and continues to give you flowers until the first frost. It is resistant to drought, needs minimal watering, in general, the flower is unpretentious.
Chrysanthemum Bacardi
This relatively recently bred cultivar (2004) is often used for making bouquets and various flower arrangements. Bacardi chrysanthemums have a yellow center and white petals, which gives them the maximum resemblance to a sunny chamomile. In addition to the "classic" colors, flower petals can be yellow, pale purple, red, cream, pink. The uncomplicated structure of the buds gives florists a creative flight of fancy - the inflorescences are painted in different shades, sprinkled with sparkles and other small decor.
This plant looks very attractive both in single plantings and in company with other horticultural crops. Cut flowers stay fresh for a long time, Bacardi can also be grown indoors in a pot. Before planting a chrysanthemum in open ground, you should first select areas lit by the sun for it, since it may not produce flowers when shaded. Watering should be plentiful, but an excess of moisture should not be allowed.
Chrysanthemum Bacardi:
daisies
This is another flower that looks like a chamomile. A particularly pronounced similarity is observed in a variety with a yellow core and white petals. Naturally, this is not the only variant of the natural color of daisies, they can be bright crimson, red, lilac, orange, rich yellow, etc. Buds can be of different sizes and shapes. This flower itself is low, blooms in early spring, blooms before frost. Despite the external fragility, he is quite hardy and non-capricious. A daisy will look appropriate everywhere: in a single planting, as an element of an alpine slide, as a decoration for a path, in company with other flowers, as a potted plant. It is noteworthy that it is the daisy that is an indispensable element in the composition of the flower-herbal mixture of the Mauritanian lawn.
Daisy, photo:
kosmeya
Bright, delicate cosmea flowers are prone to self-sowing. They are associated with summer warmth, surprisingly unpretentious and beautiful precisely for their charming simplicity. Cosmea can be found everywhere: in flower beds, in parks, on city lawns. A lush green carpet with multi-colored flowers will decorate your site, fill in the bald spots, for example, by the fence, if you decide to sow it. It is not afraid of drought and heat, resistant to cold, undemanding to the composition of the soil. To date, there are approximately 25 different types of this elegant flower. Pink, white, rich red, soft purple buds are crowned with erect stems that reach from 70 to 1 m 50 cm in height. Cosmea is good on its own and in company with other colors. If you have “empty” places in your flower bed, plant cosmea there, it will quickly and efficiently hide all the “flaws”, set off other garden representatives with its presence.
Pyrethrum
The flower is very similar to chamomile. It is even called Dalmatian chamomile. Outwardly, it is very similar to the daisy, only its petals are pink. This flower is a perennial. Once planted, you will admire it for many years. Feverfew is medium-sized, reaches a height of about 50 cm, unpretentious, the only thing is that it does not like waterlogging. Feverfew flowers bloom in May, bloom long and profusely.
All the plants described above are only a small part of the representatives of the green world, which, in their structure and shape of buds, resemble chamomile. Echinacea, ursinia, helichrysum, dimorphoteka, zinnias (majors), some varieties of dahlias, asters and many others can easily add to this list. At the same time, breeders of all countries continue to work tirelessly to develop new varieties.
Only a photo of flowers resembling chamomile in their shape
asters 
Anemone from the ranunculus family, than not a red chamomile 
Brachycoma - blue chamomile 
Gaillardia 
Helenium 
Heleopsis looks like a yellow chamomile 
Heleopsis variegated 
Dorotheanthus 
Calendula (marigold) 
Coreopsis (lenok) 
Lobelia blue, small marigolds in the background 
Echinacea Little Red Riding Hood 
echinacea 
Echinacea purpurea 
Ursinia 
Helichrysum (immortelle) 
Dimorfoteka notched or orange 
Dimorfoteka yellow 
Dimorfoteka hybrid looks like a purple chamomile 
Zinnias (majors) 
Dahlias annuals 
Osteospermum 
Peretrum maiden Look, study, choose - and you will definitely find "your" flowers, similar to daisies!
Pleasing to the eye on the garden plot and in the solemn bouquet of large daisies - perennial garden flowers, familiar to everyone since childhood and never cease to amaze with their sunny beauty. Planting and caring for them in the open field do not require much effort, and in return, the plant will please with the duration of its bright flowering.
Brief description of the crop and the best varieties
Belonging to the Astrov family, garden daisies are perennial plants with branched bushes containing a large number of inflorescences with dense, pronounced buds. The stems are elastic and strong, their height varies depending on the variety. The petals are oval or with curved ends, painted pure white, the core is bright yellow.
The growing season is about five months. Early varieties bloom after mid-May (some are capable of autumn re-flowering), late ones - after mid-July.
Flowering is long, so for almost the entire summer, huge giant garden daisies grown in the country or in the backyard delight the eye with flowering in a flower bed or in the front garden. Familiar to many undersized varieties with small inflorescences look cute and touching. But large - invariably attract attention and cause admiration.
Of the classic daisies, the most popular varieties are rightfully:
- Silver princess - with flowers with a diameter of 10 cm;
- Aglaya - with double chrysanthemum-shaped inflorescences on stems 80 cm high;
- The garden princess is a compact plant that, when grown from seeds outdoors, blooms all summer long.
However, the Astrov family is large and includes many flowers similar to garden daisies. The most popular types of multi-colored daisies:
- pink feverfew and bush felicia with blue and blue flowers;
- yellow color of rudbeckia and lilac, lilac, purple shades of kosmeya;
- as well as echinacea and helichrysum, coreopsis and gerbera, pleasing with a variety of colors.
One of the most popular varieties of leucanthemum the Greatest - a plant that is almost indistinguishable from a large garden chamomile in the shape of a flower - Alaska. It throws out large flowers up to 10 cm in diameter and reaches a height of 80-90 cm. But the thick doubleness of the Fiona variety makes it more like a chrysanthemum: flowers with snow-white fluffy flower heads stand cut for up to three weeks, decorating the interior.
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Agrotechnical requirements
The garden chamomile flower is very unpretentious: despite the fact that it loves good lighting and is sensitive to the quality of the soil, with less intensity, it will bloom and multiply even in conditions that are not the most comfortable for itself. However, there are some nuances of agricultural technology that should be taken into account in advance when planning a flower design. Daisies, daisies and geleniums grow rapidly. They need to be divided every 2-3 years (with a more rare division, it is already difficult to cope with the bushes), otherwise, due to the thickening and natural death of the shoots in the middle, the plants will completely lose their decorative qualities.
Soil Requirements
Successful cultivation of garden chamomile depends on the type and properties of the soil: the culture loves sandy, well-drained soils and suffers from the close occurrence of groundwater, dense, compacted land layers. If the soil in the garden at the planting site is acidic, it is fertilized with hydrated lime in the fall (the culture is very responsive to the introduction of this additive) and dolomite flour.
For proper nutrition of the flower, regular applications of compost, peat, and humus are necessary. Such care for a comfortable living environment will ensure high-quality, healthy development and abundant flowering.
Climatic conditions
Garden daisies adorn flower beds and flower beds in all regions of the country. Only the time of beginning and end of flowering depends on specific climatic conditions. The optimum temperature for a flower is 18-22 ° C, but higher numbers on the thermometer will not cause harm. The flowers love watering, but can also withstand long dry periods. Some types of Astrovs, for example, felicia, do not tolerate direct sunlight and shade is desirable for them in the midday heat.
In winters with little snow, these hardy plants can freeze if not properly prepared for wintering.
How to grow daisies
Two methods are used for planting garden chamomile:
- seeds directly into open ground or through seedlings. The second option is preferable in areas with a cold climate - in this way, planted plants bloom earlier in a short summer;
- dividing the overgrown bush, which is desirable to do annually for rejuvenation, in any case - at least once every two to three years.
Sowing seeds in the soil in the open air is carried out before winter. The division of the bush can be carried out both in spring and autumn. Seedling propagation method is used in the spring.
Growing seedlings
In late February - early March, the seeds are sown in moist soil, laid on good drainage. They are very small, so they are sprinkled with a thin layer of earth or not at all. Moisten from above with water from a spray bottle and cover with a film until shoots appear, placing the box in a warm place.
Sprouts break through in two weeks. The film is removed and the container is moved to a bright place (windowsill). In the phase of two leaves, seedlings are seated in separate cups with a drainage hole at the bottom. Seedlings of garden chamomile are transferred to open beds after the establishment of warm, even weather in May. It is desirable that the air warms up to 15-17 ° C by the time of disembarkation. Seedlings of garden chamomile are tender, part of it dies, so they do not spare seeds when sowing.
Direct sowing into the ground
The crop can be planted from seeds in open soil in autumn, and in the southern regions in early spring. This method saves valuable spring time and provides natural stratification - seedlings appear strong and friendly.
Seeds of garden chamomile are planted already before frost to a depth of no more than 1 cm. A distance of 25-35 cm is maintained between rows. They are sown sparsely in rows, but in spring the seedlings will need to be thinned out anyway, leaving first 8-10 cm between seedlings, and then - 20-40 cm. They take root well in a new place, so the extra ones can be transferred and planted in other areas.
After planting, water gently, making sure not to wash away the seeds, and gently loosen, preventing the appearance of a crust.
Features of care
When the culture is propagated by seedlings, young plants fall into open ground at the age of one and a half to two months. In addition to watering, fertilizing, weeding and loosening, care for growing them, as well as caring for plants obtained by sowing seeds immediately on the beds, includes regular transplanting of plants, preparing them for winter. In case of infrequent need, one has to take care of the treatment and prevention of flower diseases and the fight against insect pests.
Watering and feeding
The flower likes regular watering, but moisture should not stagnate - this leads to disease and death of the culture.
Timely applied top dressing will help the plant develop correctly, be strong, bloom for a long time and intensively. The need for them is assessed by the appearance of the bushes: if the leaves are bright in color and dense, elastic to the touch, garden daisies do not need to be fed. Too much fertilizer will harm them. If top dressing is needed, they are brought in:
- at the beginning of spring in the soil - ammonium nitrate (30 g per 1 sq. m);
- when the formation of buds begins - phosphorus and potassium (can be replaced with ash).
It is desirable to alternate mineral fertilizers and organic matter.
Weeding and shaping the bush
This is an important element of plant care. Weeds are the main competitors of garden plantings in the struggle for nutrients and water. Loosening enriches the roots of the plant with oxygen. Carried out before watering, it allows water to get better access to them, and after - to prevent the formation of a dense crust that does not allow air to pass through.
Taking good care of garden chamomile also means removing (cutting or breaking out) stepchildren from the axils of the leaves in time, as they also draw both nutrients and moisture onto themselves.
Diseases and pests
Fortunately, the plant is not very susceptible to diseases and pests. Aphids can interfere with its development. When it appears on single flowers, it is enough to knock down the insects with a stream of water when watering. If all peduncles are affected, the plants are treated with a special insecticide before the buds open.
The wireworm eats the roots of garden chamomile. A preventive measure that prevents sabotage is loosening the soil.
When the soil is depleted, the culture may suffer from gray rot, powdery mildew. For prevention in the spring, it is treated with copper sulphate, having prepared a solution of 100 g of the substance and 10 liters of water.
Transfer
For five years, the plant can be in one place, but after the third year, due to the thickening of the bushes, the inner part of the bush begins to die. Transplantation allows you to save the decorative appearance of garden daisies.
The best time for the procedure is in the fall after flowering, on a cloudy day, but if necessary, it can be done in the spring. The bush is dug up, young shoots are separated, well developed, healthy, and planted in holes in the prepared area.
Preparing for winter
In order for the plant to endure winter frosts without loss, you need to take care of it in the fall, after flowering. Even before frost, all above-ground parts are cut off and the ground is mulched under the bush with dry foliage, spruce branches. In winter, if possible, snow is raked onto a plot with garden daisies, especially if the winters are not snowy - the lack of snow cover can lead to freezing of plants in severe frosts.
Reproduction methods
The plant can reproduce:
- seed way;
- dividing the bush;
- using cuttings.
Propagation by sowing seeds is described above. Seeds are harvested from the middle tubules when the flowers are completely dry.
When dividing the bush, the rhizome is divided into segments, each of which must contain a rosette with leaves. The best time for the procedure is spring at the time of the beginning of foliage growth or the end of August, after the end of flowering, but at least once every three years.
Not all types of garden daisies propagate by cuttings, but many do. Work is carried out in late June or early July. Young green shoots 15-20 cm long serve as cuttings. Clean sand (10 cm) is poured onto a layer of fertile soil, watered with a solution of potassium permanganate and the cuttings are vertically stuck into it, having previously moistened them with water and Kornevin preparation. Cover with a plastic bottle, closed and without a bottom. The cuttings are kept in the shade and make sure that the soil is moist. After the leaves appear, the jars are removed, and for the winter they are well covered with spruce branches or transplanted into boxes with soil mixture in the cellar. In the spring, after a steady warming, they are planted in the ground.
The combination of garden chamomile with other plants
Due to their color range, white perennials - garden daisies - are indispensable plants in a wide variety of flower arrangements. They are good as a border for taller flowers of any color, but look especially elegant against the background of purple or blue delphiniums and panicled gypsophila.
As a partner in a flower garden, garden daisies are good with yellow marigolds, and with any shades of roses. Soften the bright green colors of low conifers. Look organically in rock gardens.
Whether a snow-white beauty, a garden chamomile, grows in the courtyard of a house or in a rock garden thought out by a landscape designer, in a balcony box or in a flower bed in a city park - an amazing flower that combines simplicity, tenderness and solemnity will delight with abundant flowering all summer with easy care and knowledge of the nuances of its cultivation.
Plant chamomile (lat. Matricaria)- a genus of herbaceous flowering perennials of the Asteraceae family, or Asteraceae, which combines about twenty species of low fragrant herbs that bloom in the first year. In nature, chamomile grows in Eurasia, the Americas, South Africa and Australia. It is curious that daisies also grew in Central Africa, but were destroyed by local tribes due to the fact that they supposedly attract evil spirits.
The most famous species of the genus is chamomile, which has long been widely used for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. The Latin name of the genus is derived from the word, which means "womb" in translation - this is due to the fact that chamomile was used in the treatment of gynecological diseases. Pliny the Elder described chamomile in his Natural History multi-volume under the title Chamaemellon, formed from two words meaning "low" (probably referring to the low growth of chamomile) and "apple" (the smell of chamomile resembled the aroma of apples). The Russian name of the plant comes from the Polish language and it is formed from the word romana, which means "Roman".
Chamomile is often confused with such plants of the Aster family as gerbera, aster, pyrethrum, chrysanthemum and leucanthemum, which is called garden chamomile. Actually, our story will be about garden chamomile, that is, about daisy, especially since planting and caring for daisies is no different from growing daisy, which we will call chamomile in the article for convenience.
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Planting and caring for chamomile
- Landing: sowing seeds in the ground - at the end of May, sowing seeds for seedlings - in March, planting seedlings in the garden - in May.
- Bloom: from early July to September.
- Lighting: bright sunlight.
- The soil: slightly alkaline or neutral, in an area with deep groundwater.
- Watering: during the rooting period, seedlings are watered frequently, but then watering is required only during a period of prolonged drought.
- Top dressing: annually, humus, peat and compost are introduced into the soil, and in the middle of spring, ammonium nitrate is scattered over the site at the rate of 20 g of fertilizer per m². There is no need to water after this.
- Reproduction: seeds and division of the bush.
- Pests: aphids, thrips, starflies and wireworms.
- Diseases: affected by powdery mildew, gray mold, rust and fusarium.
Read more about growing chamomile below.
Chamomile flowers - description
garden chamomile, or nivyanik, or popovnik (lat. Leucanthemum vulgare), is a herbaceous plant with a height of 15 to 60 cm with a short root, erect, slightly faceted stem, spatulate, crenate basal leaves on long petioles and oblong, unevenly serrated stem leaves, two of which, located in the upper part of the stem, are greatly reduced in size compared to others.
Chamomile flowers are hemispherical inflorescences-baskets with a diameter of 2.5 to 6 cm, united in corymbs. Baskets consist of median yellow tubular bisexual flowers and long marginal pseudolingual sterile flowers, usually white, but sometimes yellow. The fruit of garden chamomile is an achene.
There are about two dozen species in the genus leucanthemum.
Growing chamomile from seeds
Sowing chamomile
Growing chamomile is possible in seedling and seedless way. You can sow garden chamomile seeds simply in the ground, but it is more reliable to use the seedling method.
Chamomile seeds are sown for seedlings in March. Trays with cells are filled with a moist, light, breathable substrate, consisting of peat and sand in equal parts, 2-3 seeds are laid out in each cell, sprinkled on top with a thin layer of the substrate, cover the container with a transparent film and placed near the window, but not on window sill, as the light passing through the glass is too intense and can damage the seed germination process. Monitor the condition of the soil, and as soon as it dries, moisten it with a spray bottle.
Chamomile seedling
When shoots begin to appear, and at normal room temperature this will happen in a week and a half to two weeks, remove the film and place the container as close to a sunny window as possible, protecting the seedlings from drafts. If this is not possible for any reason, place a fluorescent lamp over the container, which must be on for at least 14 hours a day. As soon as the chamomile seedlings reach a height of 5 cm, leave only one, the most developed seedling, in each cell.
Do not pull out unnecessary seedlings, but carefully pinch them off the ground, because you risk damaging the root system of the remaining seedling. In order for the chamomile to grow, pinch it over 3-4 leaves.
Planting chamomile in open ground
When to plant chamomile in the ground
Seedlings are planted in the ground at the age of 4-6 weeks, when all possible frosts have passed. Garden chamomile loves sunny areas with calcareous or neutral soil and deep groundwater.
How to plant daisies
Planting daisies in the ground is carried out after preparing the site - complex fertilizer for flowers must be applied to the soil for digging. Dig holes 20-30 cm deep at a distance of 20 to 40 cm from each other - the distance between the bushes and the depth of the holes depend on the variety of chamomile. Remove the seedlings from the cells along with the earthy clod, plant them in the holes, press the soil around the stems and water the seedlings. Daisies will bloom from seeds next year.
Daisy care in the garden
How to care for chamomile
Until the chamomile seedlings get comfortable in the ground and start growing, they need to be watered frequently, but after rooting, the flowers require watering only in dry weather. To keep moisture in the soil longer, mulch the surface around the plant with peat. Otherwise, caring for daisies consists in loosening the soil, weeding the site, fertilizing and preparing perennial plants for winter.
As fertilizers, humus, peat and compost are annually introduced into the soil. In the middle of spring, ammonium nitrate is scattered between the rows at the rate of 20 g per m² without subsequent watering. During the period of budding under plants with faded stems and leaves, it is advisable to add a solution of urea. Hydrated lime or dolomite flour is added to the soil with an acidic reaction in autumn.
Chamomile reproduction
Garden daisies propagate by dividing the bush and by seed. Despite the fact that perennial daisies can grow in one place for five years, after 2-3 years the bushes become too dense, in the middle of the bush the shoots die off, the size of the inflorescences decreases, and the plant loses its attractiveness. This can be avoided by planting young strong shoots from the bush in a timely manner. At the end of September or the beginning of October, on a cloudy cool day, separate a part from the bush and plant it in a prepared hole spilled with settled water, and fill the resulting void with fertile soil.
Next time, dig out and replant part of the bush on the opposite side. Thus, varietal and terry daisies are propagated. If you want to achieve the largest possible flowers on powerful stems, you need to divide the chamomile bushes annually.
Garden chamomile also propagates by seeds. We have described the cultivation of daisies with seedlings, but you can sow the seeds before winter directly into the ground. In cold soil, they will undergo natural stratification and will germinate together in the spring, and you will only have to thin out the seedlings.
Pests and diseases of chamomile
With insufficient or irregular care, chamomiles have a chance of getting sick with powdery mildew, gray mold, rust and fusarium.
powdery mildew manifests itself in the form of a whitish coating on the ground parts of the plant, which gradually becomes brown.
Rust looks like dark red spots on the upper side of the leaves, and on the lower side forms pads with spores of the fungus.
Fusarium also a fungal disease, in which young plants begin to rot the roots and root neck, the tissues become brown, the stem becomes thinner, the leaves turn yellow.
Gray rot manifested by rapidly increasing brown necrotic spots on shoots and leaves. At high humidity, the spots are covered with a gray fluff of mycelium.
To prevent infection of flowers with a fungal infection, do not allow excess moisture in the soil, remove weeds in a timely manner and loosen the soil. An instance sick with gray rot is best removed immediately so that the disease does not spread to neighboring plants.
Destroy the fungal microflora with fungicides - Fundazol, Topaz, Kuproksat, Oksihom and other drugs of similar action. Processing is carried out two or three times with an interval of 7-10 days.
Of the pests, garden chamomile is affected by aphids, thrips, star-winged fly and wireworms.
Starwing Fly so called because of the small star-shaped spot on the wing. Its larvae damage the garden chamomile, accumulating at the base of the median flowers. You can protect the planting of daisies from the appearance of this pest by regularly destroying weeds on the site.
thrips and aphid- sucking insects that feed on the cell sap of the ground parts of the plant. Discolored or yellow spots, strokes and stripes appear on the leaves, damaged tissues die off, the leaves wither, fall off, the flowers are deformed and lose their decorative effect. In the fight against aphids and thrips, insectoacaricides are used - Karbofos, Agravertin or Actellik.
Wireworms are the larvae of the click beetle. They live in the soil for up to four years and feed on the underground parts of plants. To get rid of them, traps are set up in the soil: they dig holes where they put pieces of potatoes, carrots or beets. From above, the traps are covered with a board or a piece of metal. After 2-3 days, the traps are opened and the wireworms accumulated in them are destroyed. You need to do this regularly. Most often, wireworms appear if there is a plot with potatoes nearby.
Perennial daisies after flowering
How and when to collect chamomile seeds
If you want to collect seeds, wait for a few large flowers to dry out, and only then cut them off, dry them in a dry, well-ventilated room and peel the seeds from the median tubular flowers onto paper. They will need to be winnowed, poured into a paper bag and stored in a dry, dark place. Germination of cornflower seeds retain 2-3 years. However, remember that during seed propagation, varietal and double daisies do not inherit the characteristics of their parents.
Preparing daisies for winter
Planting and caring for perennial daisies is no different from growing annual daisies, except for one thing - they need to be covered for the winter. Before the onset of cold weather, the stems of perennial garden daisies are cut at surface level, after which the area is covered with dry foliage, sawdust, or covered with non-woven material.
Types and varieties of daisies
In addition to common daisy, or meadow chamomile, there are other types of daisy grown in culture.
Or daisy, grows in Western Europe, Ukraine, the European part of Russia, in the south of Siberia. This is a perennial up to 90 cm high with single inflorescences-baskets with a diameter of 6-7 cm with white reed flowers and yellow tubular ones. Cultivated since 1500. The best garden forms of the species are:
- Sanssouci- leucanthemum up to 1 m high with inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter. White reed flowers are arranged in 6-8 rows, a few median flowers are yellow;
- May Queen- a traditional chamomile up to 50 cm high, very popular in amateur gardens, with bright, shiny dark green leaves that form a ground cover;
- Maxima Koenig- a plant up to 1 m high with inflorescences up to 12 cm in diameter with dark yellow median flowers and two rows of white reed flowers.
Kuril leucanthemum (Leucanthemum kurilense)
Late-flowering rock chamomile with dissected leaves, growing in the Kuril Islands and on the Japanese island of Hokkaido. The rhizome of this species is fleshy, thickened. The plant reaches a height of only 20 cm, while its few single baskets have a diameter of 5 to 8 cm. The marginal flowers are white. The Kuril leucanthemum has a variety of arcticum, which differs in the shape of the leaves.
He is marsh chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum paludosum) originally from the south of Portugal and Spain. This is a low-growing, but very bushy plant up to 25 cm high with sessile spatulate alternate leaves of bright green color and crenate along the edge. Inflorescences - numerous baskets up to 3 cm in diameter with short reed flowers of white color and a large yellow center of tubular flowers.
In nature, it grows in the Pyrenees and is a perennial with a height of 50 to 100 cm with a short ground rhizome, spatulate sessile leaves with a crenate edge and basket inflorescences 10-12 cm in diameter. In simple inflorescences, marginal flowers of white color are located in two rows, median, tubular yellow. Terry inflorescences consist of numerous rows of white reed flowers, and tubular median ones also have a white corolla. Terry inflorescences of this type of leucanthemum are very similar to chrysanthemum. Grow cornflower as a maximum as a biennial plant. Cultivated since 1816. The best varieties:
- Alaska- a variety with baskets up to 10 cm in diameter with one row of reed flowers of white color;
- Beethoven- luxuriantly blooming daisies with simple inflorescences up to half a meter high;
- Stern von Antwerp- a variety up to 1 m high with inflorescences up to 10 cm in diameter. Reed flowers are white, tubular flowers are yellow;
- Schwabengrub- a variety up to 80 cm high with snow-white terry inflorescences;
- Little Princess- an elegant chamomile up to 20 cm high with large bright white inflorescences.
In addition to leucanthemum, other flowers of the Astrov family are also grown as garden chamomile - matricaria, pyrethrum, navels, erigeron and odorless chamomile.
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Garden perennial chamomile is common among gardeners due to its unpretentiousness and long flowering. There are different varieties of this plant, which differ in color, flower and stem size, planting method, flowering period.
Choosing the best place for planting a flower, properly fertilizing the soil and following the rules for caring for the plant is the key to a healthy culture and a beautiful flower bed.
- Nivyanik. Bush garden chamomile. The most common type, which is usually planted in flower beds. The size of the inflorescence usually reaches 20 cm. The height of the bush is not more than 70 cm. It feels great in a sunny and poorly ventilated place. Propagated by seeds or division of the bush. The Crazy Daisy variety is a subspecies of the daisy, has the same dimensions. It is distinguished by the presence of a double flower.
- Princess. Decorative garden chamomile. The height of the bush does not exceed 50 cm. The petals also do not differ in large diameter, on average 10–12 cm. It blooms from late June to mid-autumn. In loose soil with constant watering, it grows faster.
- Alaska. Large-flowered chamomile. This variety is characterized by strong tall stems up to 90 cm high and large flowers. The diameter of the latter can reach 20 cm. This variety blooms from May until the onset of frost, usually planted as seedlings, and sometimes as winter sowing. Blooms one year after planting.
- Winner. High shrub garden chamomile. The name of this variety speaks for itself. The height of the bush reaches one meter. The average flower diameter is 12 cm. It begins to bloom the next year after planting.
- North Star. Decorative garden chamomile. The height of the bush is usually no more than 70 cm. The diameter of the inflorescence is 15 cm, and often even less. This variety tolerates heat well and is tolerant of dry soil. It starts flowering in the second year after sowing.
- Pyrethrum. Decorative colored chamomile. Petals come in pink, red and crimson hues. The height of the bush usually does not exceed 60–70 cm. The diameter of the inflorescence is 10 cm.
- Doronicum. Large flowered chamomile. The yellow color of the petals is a distinctive feature of this variety. The flowers have a diameter of 12 cm. The duration of flowering of this variety is 1 month, after this time the flower loses its decorative properties, the leaves begin to fade.
- The seedling method is an alternate planting of plants in holes that are at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other. No more than 3 specimens can be planted in each hole. When choosing this method, gardeners usually realize that a young plant has sensitive roots that can freeze if the weather turns bad.
- Dividing a bush is the easiest way to grow chamomile. This method implies that the bush will be planted in late August or September. This is necessary so that by winter the culture has time to get stronger and subsequently be able to cope with frost. The division of the bush is made after the plant has reached the age of three.
- Growing a flower from seeds is the most unpopular and difficult way. Breeding your own seeds is a rather difficult task, so not every gardener is ready to do it. Of course, you can buy seeds in a store, but this method does not guarantee that a healthy and beautiful plant will sprout from the purchased material.
- Chamomile garden perennial prefers sunny and calm places.
- Fertilizer should be used before planting, this will make the soil more fertile.
- The plant does well in slightly acidic soil. In order to reduce the acidity of the soil, you can use dolomite flour and slaked soda.
- The distance between the bushes must be calculated in advance. A dense planting will lead to permanent plant diseases, too rare - to a sloppy appearance of the flower bed.
- Regular watering on hot days is a must. Without moisture, the lower layer of soil can dry out, and this will lead to the death of the root system.
- The flower needs to grow in loose soil, which will facilitate better access of moisture and air to the roots.
- Regular weeding usually contributes to a neat appearance of the flower bed. In addition, during weeding, weeds that are carriers of diseases and harmful insects are removed.
- Chamomile is a sun-loving plant, the shade that falls from other plants should be avoided.
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What does a garden chamomile look like?
Such an unpretentious flower, like a perennial garden chamomile, is quite simple in description. The average height of a garden chamomile is 70 cm. Its leaves are green and oblong in shape. The flower has the shape of a basket and on average reaches 15 cm in diameter, the petals are located around the core, depending on the variety they are painted in different colors.
The plant is unpretentious to care, it is able to grow in the sun and in the shade. Chamomile is characterized by a long flowering period, namely from late May to September. All these qualities and features are very popular with gardeners, so many flower beds have chamomile of different varieties.
Varieties
Different varieties of garden perennial chamomile are characterized by different colors and shapes of petals. Red, yellow, pink, blue - all these shades are present in various types of this plant, you only need to choose based on personal preferences. In addition to flowers with smooth petals, there are also double daisies, which in their appearance resemble asters and chrysanthemums.
Based on the duration of flowering, the height of the stem and the size of the inflorescence, you can choose one or another type. Any chamomile, regardless of variety, will retain its original appearance in a bouquet for a long time after cutting. The most common varieties of perennial garden chamomile:
Separately, it is worth highlighting the colored varieties of garden chamomile. The main varieties are represented by the following list:
Planting a flower
Many years of experience in growing this flower implies several basic ways to plant it. Each of them is unique in its own way and implies certain nuances. Not all planting methods are suitable for a particular variety:
Optimal location
Choosing a planting site is half the successful growth of a plant. There are several rules that should be applied when choosing a site:
Landing in open ground
Usually chamomile seedlings are planted in the ground at the age of 6 weeks. Do not forget about the weather conditions, you should wait until the frosts end. The soil is neutral or calcareous soil with deep groundwater. This environment is great for growing a flower.
After the soil has been fertilized, holes should be dug at a distance of 40 cm from each other and a depth of 30 cm. Next, you need to get the seedlings with an earthen clod from the cells so as not to damage the root system, and place them in these holes. The soil around the plant should be crushed and watered. The first flowering after planting in open ground will begin only a year after planting.
plant care
Chamomile, although it is an unpretentious flower, but despite this, it requires elementary care. The basic rules for caring for this flower do not differ much from the rules that are typical for caring for other plants:
Plant rejuvenation is an important part of caring for it. It is held every 4 years. During this procedure, the bush is cut off on one side. New fertile soil is poured into the vacated space. After 3 years, the same should be repeated with the other side of the bush.
Garden daisies are called a lot of different types and varieties of plants with inflorescences similar to chamomile. At the same time, if daisies are characterized by a combination of only white and yellow flowers, then the so-called garden daisies have a variety of shades.
As much as I would like to call these flowers daisies, they are not daisies.
From a scientific point of view, the term "garden daisies" is not entirely correct, since there is no plant with that name. So many flowers are called, which, like true daisies, belong to the Astrov family, but to other genera. True chamomiles are distinguished by only 25 species, of which the most famous and in demand in medicine and pharmacy is pharmacy chamomile (in Latin Matricaria chamomilla). All of them belong to the genus Matricaria and differ in the small height of the bushes and the small diameter of the inflorescences. For example, in chamomile, it is only 2.5 cm.
Garden daisies are mainly ornamental plants that are grown in gardens, in household plots and at home in flowerpots. Some of them grow and cut to create bouquets. Among these plants, each grower finds the species and variety that he likes best. Flowers come in different shades, with large or small inflorescences, annual and perennial.
Nivyaniki, very similar in appearance to daisies.
On a note
Some sources call Roman garden chamomile, other names for which are also navel or noble chamomile. However, in most cases, completely different flowers are still called this way, and not just this species.
What flowers are called garden daisies
Most often, garden daisies are called plants with large inflorescences, which are characterized not only by a structure similar to matricaria, but also by color. So, for example, different types of cornflowers are sometimes called garden daisies. Among them there are annual and perennial plants. The height of the stems, depending on the variety, can reach both 30 cm and 75-100 cm. The inflorescences of the cornflower, as a rule, are large - up to 6 cm in diameter. They are simple, semi-double and terry. Nivyaniki bloom from June to September.
This is what an ordinary daisy looks like:
They also call garden daisies feverfew and maidenly. These are perennial bush plants that grow mainly in the wild. The photo shows what they look like:
Decorative feverfew girlish
Feverfew
Also, garden daisies are sometimes called chrysanthemum varieties Santini and Bacardi, which are grown in industrial flower beds for cutting. What these flowers look like is shown in the photo below:
Chrysanthemum Bacardi
Under the name of garden daisies, you can also find plants whose color of inflorescences is completely uncharacteristic of matricaria. For example, a dye umbilical:
It is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows in the wild. The height of its stems is about 100 cm, although smaller varieties are also found, and the diameter of the inflorescences is 5-6 cm.
Erigeron linearis looks like small varieties of navels. This is a low-growing perennial plant that grows in the wild. The height of its stems is only 20 cm, and the diameter of the inflorescences is 1-2 cm.
The same small shrub is also characteristic of the beautiful Ursinia. This is an annual plant that grows up to only 30 cm. Its inflorescences are yellow or yellow-burgundy. They look like this:
Similar inflorescences, but much larger, are found in hairy rudbeckia. This is a perennial plant in which the marginal flowers are colored with two colors. Inside, around the tubular flowers, they have a brown or dark burgundy color, and a rich yellow on the edge. Hairy rudbeckia height can be from 50 to 90 cm, and the diameter of the inflorescences is from 5 to 15 cm. Since rudbeckia blooms from early July to late September and is easy to care for, it is often grown in summer cottages and gardens.
This photo shows hairy rudbeckia:
Yellow-burgundy inflorescences are also characteristic of Gaillardia spinosa. However, only tubular flowers are painted in burgundy or brown, and the marginal ones, as a rule, have yellow-purple hues. They also differ in the presence of teeth on the edges.
Gaillardia spinosa looks like this:
And this photo shows the eastern doronicum:
As you can see, Doronicum orientalis also has large inflorescences, but completely yellow. This is a perennial plant that blooms from early May to late June. Because of this feature, it is often called not only garden, but also early chamomile.
Yellow inflorescences also have different types of coreopsis. There are about 100 of them, and no more than 30 are grown as ornamentals. Among them are annual and perennial plants. The height of the stems can reach from 45 to 120 cm. The size of the inflorescences can also vary greatly. At the same time, in most species, the reed flowers are quite wide and have jagged edges. This can be seen in the photo below, which shows Coreopsis lanceolate:
And this picture already shows the gelenium:
You can recognize it by a large number of inflorescences located on one branched pedicel. Despite the fact that the stems of many varieties are very high - their height reaches 160 cm, the diameter of the inflorescences most often does not exceed 5 cm. The color of the marginal flowers in gelenium is usually yellow, but some cultivated varieties also have purple and even brown.
Garden daisies are also often called plants whose inflorescences have more distinctive features with daisies than similar ones. Under this name, you can find different varieties of gazania and osteospermum, the inflorescences of which can combine a wide variety of shades: pink, red, orange, purple, blue and others. They often have multi-colored inflorescences that combine 3-4 color shades at once.
This is what some varieties of gazania look like:
And so - osteospermum:
Large and bright inflorescences are also found in different varieties of Venidium. The diameter of their inflorescences is from 10 to 14 cm, and the height of the stems is 80 cm. The tubular flowers of the Venidium are usually black, and the marginal ones are white, bright yellow, orange, red and other colors.
The inflorescences of arctotis are also distinguished by an unusual color. Their characteristic feature is a contrasting "ring" that forms around the core, as seen in the photo:
Alpine aster has the same uncharacteristic color for daisies. This is an ornamental plant with large semi-double inflorescences. Its tubular flowers are usually yellow, and the marginal ones are light lilac.
Felicia inflorescences are a bit similar to them. They also have a yellow core and lilac petals, but some varieties may have other color combinations. For example, there are varieties with bright blue tubular flowers and blue marginal ones. Almost all varieties of felicia are perennial shrubs that can grow in height from 25 to 60 cm.
Felicia inflorescences look like this:
Small shrubs with blue-purple chamomile inflorescences are also characteristic of the tender anemone. They grow on pedicels one at a time, and their diameter is only 2-2.5 cm. The height of the bushes is also small - up to 20 cm.
Inflorescences of the same shades can be found in some types of katananhe. This is a perennial plant, which, however, after 2-3 years loses its decorative effect. The height of the stems in different varieties of katananhe is almost the same - 50-60 cm, and the diameter of the inflorescences is 5 cm. They come in purple, blue, lilac and white colors.
The same variety of color shades is found in different varieties of brachikoma. Its inflorescences are white, pink, lilac, purple and blue. At the same time, the size of the inflorescences is small, as is the height of the bushes, which is no more than 25-30 cm.
Small pink inflorescences are characteristic of Anacyclus. One characteristic feature helps to distinguish it from other plants - its marginal flowers are pale pink on top, and bright crimson below. The height of anacyclus bushes usually does not exceed 10-12 cm.
Nivyanik, or perennial garden chamomile
Nivyanik inflorescences look very similar to chamomile. They have the same structure, yellow center and white marginal flowers. The obvious difference is only the size of the inflorescences, the diameter of which is 6 cm in the daisy.
It looks like a large-flowered leucanthemum:
And so is the variety of nivyanik Silver Princess:
In this photo, the Edelweiss variety, or French chamomile:
Since the plants can be grown from seed, are easy to care for and have a long flowering period, they are often grown in flowerbeds and used in modern landscape design.
Among nivyaniks there are both annual and perennial varieties. The latter, with timely planting, begin to bloom in the first year. In order for the inflorescences to be large and beautiful, it is recommended to grow shrubs in loamy soil in a sunny area. Plants should be watered moderately, as too dry or, conversely, waterlogged soil can lead to the death of the plant.
It reproduces both by seeds and vegetatively. The division is carried out in the fall. Also, closer to the onset of cold weather, cut off all the stems. The plant is considered frost-resistant, so you need to dig it out, but you can cover it to preserve the root system.
Feverfew, or colored daisies
A special place in gardening is occupied by different varieties of pyrethrum, which are also called garden daisies. These are Persian, or pink chamomile, Dalmatian chamomile, less often meat-red chamomile - perennial shrubs, the height of the stems of which is from 30 to 100 cm. The diameter and color of inflorescences in different varieties can also vary greatly.
Persian chamomile
Among the pyrethrums there are small-flowered species with inflorescences 2-3 cm in diameter. They grow in the wild and look very similar to chamomile. There are also large-flowered varieties, the diameter of the inflorescences of which is 5-8 cm.
As for the color of the inflorescences, it can be, like daisies, white-yellow, or pink, blue, purple and deep red. Feverfew can also differ in the splendor of inflorescences. There are species and varieties not only with simple inflorescences, but also with semi-double and double, in which reed flowers are arranged in 3-5 rows.
Tansy maiden, decorative form
Feverfew ordinary, with the most similar to chamomile inflorescences, blooms in May and June. With proper care and feeding, the shrub can bloom for the second time during the season in August or September. It should be borne in mind that inflorescences appear no earlier than in the second year.
The feverfew of the girlish inflorescence is slightly smaller than that of the ordinary, but more lush. Their petals grow in several rows. These flowers look like this:
Bright colored inflorescences are characteristic of Caucasian feverfew and some other species.
Doronicum, or yellow large-flowered chamomile
The most common plant of the Doronicum genus in horticulture is Oriental Doronicum. This is a perennial plant that blooms for one and a half to two months, starting in the second half of May.
The inflorescences of the eastern doronicum are medium in size, and their color is yellow-golden. Marginal flowers, which in this kind of plants are often mistakenly called petals, are narrow and sharp at the edges. They grow one by one on the stem, the height of which in this variety is 30-50 cm. They grow directly above the ground and create a dense cover from which a single stem grows.
These bushes look like this:
Use for the formation of flower beds and other varieties of doronicum. For example, if you want to get large-flowered inflorescences, plantain doronicum is planted. The height of its stems can reach 140 cm, and the diameter of the inflorescences is 12-14 cm. It also blooms in May and June.
Unlike many other garden daisies, doronicum grows best in semi-shaded areas when it is not exposed to direct sunlight. The plant loves abundant watering.
Doronicum reproduces vegetatively. You can plant it in the middle or end of summer, when the plant has already faded.
African daisies
The brightest and most unusual among garden daisies are flowers, which are also called African daisies. These most often include different varieties of gazania and osteospermum. They got their second name due to the natural habitat. These flowers were brought to Europe from Africa, where the history of their cultivation began.
Now the number of varieties of gazania and osteospermum exceeds several hundred. They were bred artificially for decorative purposes. These are mainly perennial plants that are grown both outdoors and in flowerpots. Among them there are plants with small, medium and large inflorescences. They also differ in color and the number of rows of marginal flowers. There are plants with simple and semi-double inflorescences.
Color variations in inflorescences of gazanias and osteospermum are very large. They can be either single-color - pink, purple, light green, blue, and so on, or multi-color. Marginal flowers of African daisies can combine 3-4 different color shades at once.
Features of reproduction and planting
The conditions for the reproduction and planting of garden daisies can vary significantly, since this name is often used to refer to completely different plants.
Nivyaniki in the flowerbed
Annual plants are propagated mainly by seeds, which can be bought inexpensively at a gardening store or collected by yourself. The seeds are sown approximately in the middle of spring, but before that they are stratified. The stratification process takes 3-4 months. They do it to increase the germination of seeds. In December, they are placed in wet sand or a wet cloth wrapped in cellophane and left to be stored at a temperature of about 4 degrees. Periodically check that the seeds do not dry out.
In most cases, flower seeds are sown immediately in open ground after warm weather sets in, but if desired, they can be planted at home in a container and seedlings can be grown, or you can buy ready-made seedlings.
Aster seeds sold as daisy seeds.
Perennials can also be propagated by divisions or cuttings. Separate them at the end of summer or in autumn after the end of the flowering period. To form delenok, the bush is carefully dug out of the ground and parts of the rhizome are separated, which can then be planted separately.
To form cuttings, green shoots are cut off from the bushes. They are placed in water or a special soil substrate for rooting. After the appearance of the roots, the cuttings are transplanted.
The video below shows how to properly make divisions and cuttings:
Rules for the care of garden daisies
Conditions for caring for garden daisies can vary greatly depending on the characteristics of the variety. There are practically no general recommendations here. The only rule that is relevant in any case is timely hydration. Garden daisies need regular watering, but at the same time they begin to deteriorate if the soil is waterlogged. Also, most varieties grow best in sunny areas, while some like partial shade.
Most leucanthemums, pyrethrums and chrysanthemums are very sun-loving plants.
Another nuance that should not be forgotten is the transplantation of flowers to new places. Almost all perennial plants need to be transplanted to another site every 2-3 years.
Preparing perennials for winter
It is important to properly prepare perennial plants for winter so that next year they continue to grow and delight with beautiful inflorescences. Since many varieties of plants are called garden daisies, it is impossible to say what kind of care they need. When growing a plant, you must definitely find out its correct name, read the description and pay attention to the main characteristics, in particular, how frost-resistant it is.
If the plant can withstand the low temperatures that occur in winter in this region, they need to prune the aerial part, insulate the root remaining in the ground with fallen leaves or needles and leave it for the winter. Plants that are not adapted to low temperatures are also pruned, but then the root is dug up along with the surrounding earth. Such a lump is placed in a box and transferred to the cellar for winter storage. Periodically, the plant needs to be watered so that the earth does not dry out completely. However, in winter, such flowers do not need frequent watering, and this must be taken into account.
There are also plants, such as African daisy varieties, that do not need to be pruned in autumn. They need to be carefully dug up with a clod of earth, transplanted into a flowerpot and taken into the house for the winter.
Useful video: preparing a flower garden for winter
