From July to September. Time periods and numerical intervals

If a numerical interval represented by numbers that follow one after the other, a hyphen is used, for example, 1-2 days, 5-6 options. The rule says that a hyphen between numerals is written if the union “or” can be put between them: one or two days.

If the numerical interval involves skipping at least one digit or indicator, use a dash (without spaces): 1-3 days, 10-15 percent. In this case, the union “or” does not fit in the sense, because. this refers to the interval, which can be represented by the prepositions "from ... to", "from ... to", "from ... to": one to three days. We do the same with fractional numbers: 1.5–1.7 times.

Another option: the range of values ​​is represented by words (which is much less common). Then we use the same signs as for numbers:

• dash with spaces, for example, thirty to thirty five people;
• hyphen - in phrases like one two, three four.

Dashes and hyphens are also used in dates. Through dashes and without spaces must be written time interval type 2010–2014 and through a hyphen 2010-2011, because in the first case, several years are missing in the time interval, and in the second, the years follow one after another. In passing, we note that writing a date like 2010–14 not accepted, and it is appropriate to replace the word “years” with the abbreviation “yy”.

The simultaneous use of both a dash and a hyphen will be justified in spellings like 70s–80s. Please note that the ending (-e) is written only for the last numeral, since the endings of both numerals are the same (seventies, eighties).

Quite common spelling errors compound words, one part of which is represented by numerals. As soon as they write: and 50 year old, and 50 year old, and 50 year old! So how should it be? If we write the first part of the word with the number (50), then after the hyphen there remains the last word (-year), i.e. should work 50 year old, 25 percent, 12 meters. And try to avoid writing like 1-seater or 2 times: numbers up to 10 are best written in words ( single, double).

Now - about when it is better not to use either a dash or a hyphen:

• in numerical intervals of dates represented by numbers (dd.mm.yyyy). In this case, it is better to use prepositions: from 07/23/2014 to 08/30/2014. In this case, it is incorrect to write, for example, from 23.07 to 30.08.2014, 23.07–30.08.2014 or from 11 to 15.08.2014. In this case, the names of the months are better written in words: July 23 to August 30, 2014 or from 11 to 15 August 2014;
• in quantitative numbers (correct: work 12 employees, not properly: work of 12 employees);
• when recording calendar dates (correct: August 15, 2014, not properly: August 15, 2014);
• when designating numbers with Roman numerals (correct: VII All-Russian Conference, not properly: VII All-Russian Conference).

Let's not forget that if the day in the date is represented by a simple numeral up to 10, then it is better to write “0” in front of it in documents: since August 04, 2014, but not since August 4, 2014 It is believed that this will prevent "intruders" by adding a new number to correct the date, i.e. they cannot turn 4 into the 14th or 24th, for example.

A common mistake is the appearance of "g." after the date written numerically (correctly: 01.08.2014 , not properly: 08/01/2014, because here the year is integral part specifying a specific date).

It is noteworthy, but incidents happen not only with the correct spelling of time periods, but also with their correct understanding. And the reason lies in the fact that historical science seems to be the most "political", because new winners often rewrite it, especially when there is a significant change in ideology.

Remember the abbreviation "AD". It is used when they want to say that some events took place “before our era”, and some already “in our era”. But back in the early 90s, my history teacher sarcastically remarked: “What kind of “our” era is this? And if this is “ours”, then what is “not ours”? - and strictly ordered us to say "before the new era", "new era".

And this era “appeared” in Russia after the revolution, when the new government could not allow people to continue writing 1917 from R.H. or 324 B.C., which means, respectively, 1917 from the Nativity of Christ and 324 before this landmark event. That's what taught us to write 324 BC

But in Russian history there were more dramatic changes in the chronology, a change of coordinates often becomes necessary to change the worldview of the people. So, from January 1, 1700, by decree of Peter I, Russia switched to a new "Western European" chronology, the previous year was dated not in 1699, but in 7208 - at that time our ancestors had already counted several thousand years!

The wording of the date is often found in ancient documents. from the creation of the world(and they managed to accustom us at school to the idea that the creation of the world by God is meant). But in recent times the version is gaining momentum that our ancestors counted from some significant event that they still remembered (and the world, in their opinion, was created by God even earlier). We are talking about the creation of the world in a star temple, i.e. about the signing of a peace treaty after a great war.

The government approved the official calendar with a resolution “On the postponement of holidays in 2019”. The document was signed by Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev. The 2019 calendar has 365 days. Of these, 118 days are holidays or weekends (17 official public holidays and weekends) and 247 workers. According to the Gregorian calendar, 2019 is a common year, starting on Tuesday and ending on Tuesday.

Russians expect several holidays in 2019

1. New Year holidays. On the New Year taking into account the penultimate days of the outgoing year, we will again be able to relax for 10 days in a row - the feast can be started already on December 30, 2018, and the holidays after Christmas on January 7, 2019 will end - the last day off on January 8, 2019.
2. Defender of the Fatherland Day. The holiday of all men will be celebrated for 2 days: from February 23 to 24, 2019.
3. International Women's Day. The beautiful half of humanity deserved one day more than the stronger sex: we rest for 3 days on March 8, 9 and 10, 2019.
4. The May holidays. The most favorite holidays in Russia. After all, the weather so often opens its warm arms in May. This is especially true after a long and protracted winter hibernation. It will be more than possible to take care of the garden, go on a short trip or even relax at the resort - the Government made sure that at this time we got as many as 5 holidays. Weekends will be from May 1 to May 5.
5. Victory Day. The great victory of our compatriots allowed us all to get rid of work for another 4 days: we rest from May 9 to 12, 2019.
6. Russia Day. In June, we have only one additional day off: June 12, 2019.
7. National Unity Day. The autumn holidays will be marked by a three-day rest period on November 2, 3 and 4, 2019.

Postponement of public holidays in 2019

In the calendar for 2019 approved by the Government, the May holidays are obtained by transferring days off from the January holidays (January 5-6) and Defender of the Fatherland Day, which greatly increases the rationality of the holidays.

Transfer of holidays in 2019:

• from January 5 (Saturday) to May 2 (Thursday);
• from January 6 (Sunday) to May 3 (Friday);
• from February 23 (Saturday) to May 10 (Friday).

Shortened pre-holiday working days when we work 1 hour less:

• Friday 22 February;
• Thursday 7 March;
• Tuesday 30 April;
• Wednesday 8 May;
• Tuesday 11 June;
• Friday 1 November;
• Tuesday 31 December.

Interesting ideas how to spend the weekend in 2019

If you do not think about how to spend the weekend, then you can very easily become a hostage to your usual routine. Numerous official holidays in 2019 will allow everyone to spend time with pleasure.

How to spend the weekend

1. Walk. Walking is not only a pleasant pastime, but also a healthy activity.
2. Swimming pool. Go to the sports complex to swim.
3. Team sports. There are enough football, volleyball, basketball teams to join. This is an opportunity to meet new people during the competition, as well as have a fun weekend.
4. Meeting with friends. Organize a meeting with friends and spend the weekend together, talking and having fun.
5. Drawing. All you need is pencils and paper.
6. Reading. Reading is a great way to make the most of your weekend. Stock up on interesting books and go to the world of new knowledge and self-development.
7. Visit the ice palace. Ice skating will be a fun and interesting pastime.

Meeting with parents. Do not forget about your closest people, especially if you haven’t seen them for a long time. Weekends are the best time to give them time and your attention.

The topic of today's article is a flowering calendar for allergy sufferers, relevant for 2019. A calendar that reflects the timing of flowering of various plants that can provoke allergies will help you take necessary measures in order to successfully fight the disease.

Allergy, despite its prevalence, managed to acquire a huge number of myths. In particular, many blame poplar fluff for seasonal allergies. In fact, the fluff does not cause allergies, but it carries the pollen of flowering herbs over long distances - for example, fescue or timothy. Pollen can also cause an allergic reaction.

Among all types of allergies, pollinosis (hay fever, seasonal allergies) is especially common. If you have hay fever, a flowering calendar can help you take steps to ease your symptoms.

Current news for 2019

There is an active dusting of birch.

In addition, bloom: willow, maple, elm, alder,

Seasonal allergies manifest themselves:

• conjunctivitis (inflammation, itching, pain in the eyes), lacrimation,
• runny nose (allergic rhinitis),
• coughing and sneezing.

Sometimes pain in the throat and (or in the ears) joins.

A more severe manifestation of hay fever is pollen asthma. Allergic manifestations such as urticaria and Quincke's edema are possible.

Manifestations of hay fever can affect both children and adults. It is important to know which plants bloom in your area in order to avoid allergies as much as possible.

In children, such a symptom as stuffy ears (up to a complete temporary hearing loss) is quite common. Sometimes children's hay fever takes on the character of severe bronchial asthma.

It will be useful to know about the probability - after all, the reaction can occur not only to pollen, but also to similar proteins in foods.

Allergenic plants: when they bloom

There are three main types of seasonal allergies.

• spring(flowering trees). Falls in April - May.
• Summer(flowering of cereals and meadow grasses). Comes in June-August.
• Summer-autumn(flowering weeds). Falls in August-October.

You can get acquainted with the flowering calendar for allergy sufferers in the table below, after selecting your region.

• South of Russia
• Volga region
• Central Russia
• Siberia
• Northwest Russia

Another interesting calendar for the central regions from the Scientific and Clinical Center for Allergology, Immunology and Dermatology:

In addition, there is from the PollenClub project. (It is not recommended to watch from smartphones, it does not display well)

spring herbaceous plants hardly bloom.

Willow blooms first in March, willow and cherry blossoms in April, “earrings” appear on the birch. In May, hawthorn, cornflower, chestnut, oak, ash and wild rose begin to bloom, from herbaceous plants - clover. Herbaceous plants such as cinquefoil, chamomile and lily of the valley bloom in May. Flowers appear on bird cherry and lilac.

In summer, most of the plants that can cause allergies bloom. The allergy sufferer's calendar at this time is distinguished by a large number of herbs.

In June, cornflower, hawthorn, dope, elecampane and carnation bloom. Chestnut, clover, viburnum, St. John's wort, celandine and thistle continue to bloom.

In July, ambrosia blooms (in the southern regions), hemp, carnation, dope, elecampane. Herbs such as motherwort, wheatgrass and sow thistle bloom.

August - flowering of ambrosia, carnation and cornflower. This month is the time when digitalis, quinoa, nettles and sunflowers begin to bloom. Chamomile and thistle bloom.

In September, allergy sufferers continue to be annoyed by ragweed, as well as weeds (thistle, quinoa and nettle).

Around the end of September, a period of relative calm sets in for a person suffering from allergies. Until next spring.

But sometimes an allergy reminds of itself in late autumn, after a romantic walk in the park strewn with fallen leaves. The fact is that plant pollen can also be preserved on fallen leaves.

We have listed the main flowering plants, in fact there are many more: in the table below you can see the complete composition of the families of wind-pollinated plants that cause hay fever.

Useful video: what plants cause allergies

Why is the flowering calendar useful for an allergic person?

Having information about the flowering of various plants in a particular area, having carefully studied the allergic calendar, an allergic person will be able to take preventive measures in time. For example, take a vacation, leave for a “dangerous” period in another area where there are no allergic plants and their flowering has ended.

Before the beginning of the dangerous period, you can start taking antihistamines, purchase nasal and eye drops, antiallergic sprays.

If you are a supporter traditional medicine, then it's time to take the mummy (a good prophylactic against allergies). Shilajit solution, as a rule, begins to be drunk for prophylactic purposes about a month before the start of the flowering period.

There is time to check the operation of the air conditioner, the condition of its filters (if necessary, and clean them).

If you carefully analyze the data, it becomes clear: the flowering calendar for allergy sufferers by region differs quite a lot. For residents of the southern regions, the duration of the “dangerous” period is longer than for northerners. Take, for example, one of the strongest allergens - ragweed. AT middle lane In Russia, this plant blooms for 1.5 - 2 months: from about the beginning of August to mid-September. At the same time, for residents of the southern regions (Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region), ragweed blooms from July to October.

Flowering time and plants in the Crimea differ from Moscow or St. Petersburg. That is why it is so important that the calendar is adapted to the specific climate zone. Today, the Internet helps allergy sufferers. It is possible to view the flowering calendar online.

Important! Not all cities have pollen monitoring stations! You can find indicative information on the distribution of pollen on Yandex maps - https://yandex.ru/pogoda/maps/pollen.

Below you can see flowering calendars for some Russian cities.

What blooms in Moscow

Forecast of the level of danger for allergens in the air from PollenClub

In central Russia, dusting begins with alder and hazel.

• Alder, hazel - end of March - April.
• Birch - from the end of April.
• Apricot, oak, ash, elm, maple, lilac, apple- May.
• Willow, poplar, linden, conifers- May June.

Summer

• Cereal - from the end of May - June.
• Plantain, nettle, sorrel- since the end of June.
• Marevy - from the end of June.
• Wormwood - from July.

*Data are given according to E.E. Northern

What and when blooms in Krasnodar and the region. Kuban

The south of Russia is a special territory where flowering plants “torment” allergy sufferers for almost 8 months a year. Due to the warm climate, a large number of plants that can cause an allergic reaction grow here.

Almost every third inhabitant of the Krasnodar Territory suffers from allergies.

The beginning of the allergy season depends on the weather conditions.

End of winter-spring

Blooming trees:

• Hazel, alder - from mid-February to the end of March.
• Willow, hornbeam, pine- March.
• Poplar, maple, oak, ash, elm, birch- April - beginning of May.
• Willow - April - May.
• Bird cherry, plane tree, walnut, cherry plum end of April - May.
• Lilac, plum, currant- May

From herbs and shrubs:

• Foxtail, wheatgrass, rapeseed end of April - May to beginning of July.
• Acacia, ryegrass, fescue, hedgehog, feather grass, lily of the valley from the middle of May.
• - from the end of May.

Poplar fluff actively helps to spread the pollen of other plants.

Summer

In this season, most of the trees have already faded, they are being replaced by weeds and grasses.

• Chestnut, linden - from the beginning of June.

• Corn, sorghum, barley, oats, wheat, rye- June.
• Sunflower - from the end of June.
• Wormwood - all July.
• Quinoa - end of July - end of August.
• Ambrosia - early August - early October.

Autumn

The flowering season usually ends in mid-October.

• Ambrosia - flowering ends in late September - early October.
• Rice - until the end of September.
• Wormwood annual- mid-September - end of October.

During the flowering of ambrosia, people feel best in the highlands.

Data on A.I. Ostroumov

Dusting calendar for Stavropol

St. Petersburg

*Data are given according to L.G. Nikolskaya, G.T. Fedosov, N.I. Ivanova, E.F. red

When allergenic plants bloom in Siberia

One of the reasons for the large number of allergy sufferers in Siberia is poor ecology. Because of this, pollinosis is much worse tolerated.

• April - May - trees (birch and others),
• May - August - dandelions,
• summer - cereals (fescue and ryegrass),
• end of summer - September - weeds (wormwood).

Altai region

April May. A common allergen is birch, which is used for landscaping the city.

Tomsk region

April May. In addition to birch - maple, linden and willow.

Novosibirsk

April May. Alder and birch.

June July. Meadow grasses (bluegrass, timothy grass, ryegrass). Cultivated cereals (rye, oats).

The Republic of Buryatia

The main allergen of the steppe is wormwood and other weeds. In spring, trees. There are almost no meadow grasses.

What and when blooms in Krasnoyarsk

On the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, 3 periods of pollination of allergenic plants have been established. Wind-pollinated plants are widespread. Their pollen has a small size and considerable volatility, so it is easily spread over long distances.

April May

It is characterized by the maximum content of pollen in the air. First of all, trees bloom - birch, alder and poplar.

Most often, this period begins in May, but if the spring is early, in the southern regions of the region - and at the end of April.

Not very long, but hard to bear period.

End of May - mid July

The lowest concentration of pollen in the air. During these months, pine and meadow grasses bloom.

The pollen of coniferous trees is heavy, hard to carry by the wind. But here it is worth being careful for those who grow them near housing.

Mid July - end of August

A wide variety of weeds and ornamental plants blooms. First of all - haze, hemp and wormwood (found on roadsides, in yards, wastelands). Decorative - marigolds, asters, chrysanthemums.

Air temperature and humidity are the main factors influencing the dynamics of plant dusting in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Irkutsk

Data on B.A. Chernyak, N.S. Korotkov

Rostov-on-Don

Data on K.A. Cancer

Saratov

*Data for N.S. Gurina and N.G. Astafieva

Vladivostok (Primorsky Territory)

Seasonal allergies do not leave the inhabitants of the region from late April to mid-September. Proximity to China also has an influence, from the sown areas of which the winds easily carry pollen.

• April May . Trees bloom: oak, ash, birch, alder, hazel, poplar, maple, willow.
• June August . The flowering period of cereals and some weeds: wheatgrass, bluegrass, rye, corn, fescue, quinoa, sunflower and others.

  In June, pollen allergens are widely carried by poplar down.

• Aug. Sept. Weeds bloom: ambrosia, wormwood, dandelion, quinoa and others.

What blooms in Volgograd and the region

The flowering season of herbs in the Volgograd region lasts more than 8 months. This is one of the longest periods in Russia.

The wind carries pollen for tens of kilometers.

A huge number of weeds grow in the region.

The editors of Arguments and Facts have prepared an entertaining infographic - a flowering calendar for allergy sufferers in Volgograd and the Volgograd region. You can check it out below:

Infographics: What and when blooms in the Volgograd region. Risk zones for allergy sufferers during the flowering season in Volgograd

What blooms in Crimea

A large number of allergenic plants bloom in the Crimea from May to August.

Main allergens:

• Poplar (they are densely planted with city streets) - May - June,
• Cypress - April - May,
• Ambrosia (everywhere, especially in Simferopol, Dzhankoy, Saksky, Kirovsky and Leninsky districts) - July - October.

What else can be the reaction:

• May - dandelion, walnut, chestnut, linden, mulberry, birch
• June - sunflower, rye, castor beans
• July - elderberry, wormwood

Terms of pollination of plants in Ukraine and the structure of hay fever

How to identify an allergen and treat allergies

Recognizing an allergen is not an easy task. For example, the flowering time of lily of the valley is only 10 - 15 days. Allergy manifestations (sneezing, coughing, runny nose) can be disguised as a common cold, often a person is unaware of the presence of an allergy. You need to think about this if such symptoms appear with a certain frequency (the pollen allergy calendar helps to analyze the situation in more detail).

Another warning sign

An allergic person does not feel well in windy, dry weather, but all symptoms disappear without a trace after rain. At the slightest suspicion of an allergy, you should consult an experienced allergist.

The most commonly used method is skin testing. Its essence lies in the subcutaneous injection of a small amount of the allergen. After the allergen is introduced, you need to track how the body reacts to it. This is a fairly informative method for identifying an allergen, but at the height of the flowering of allergic plants, when an allergic person takes antihistamines, it should not be used.

Allergy treatments include:

• taking antihistamines;
• use of nasal and eye drops;
• for skin manifestations of allergies - ointments, creams with anti-inflammatory, wound healing and (or) antihistamine effect.
• ASIT.

What will help from hay fever: some useful tips

1. Help relieve allergy symptoms dietary adjustment. For example, you will have to refrain from honey (any variety). The reason is simple: honey may contain exactly the type of pollen that provokes allergies. If you are hypersensitive to pollen from trees and shrubs, reduce your intake of fruits, nuts and berries. When reacting to herbs, such as fescue or timothy, you will have to temporarily give up cereals (with the exception of buckwheat), sunflower oil, seeds, halva and bread kvass.
2. Keep your house clean. Try to do wet cleaning as often as possible. This will create an obstacle to the spread of pollen throughout the house. You need to leave the house as little as possible; preferably after rain.
3. Buy good antihistamines. But only those prescribed by the doctor. Many of the antihistamines are far from harmless, and diphenhydramine and suprastin significantly reduce attention.
4. In no case do not combine antiallergic drugs with alcohol. This can significantly worsen the patient's condition.
5. Visit an allergist in the fall, during the "quiet" period. This is the best time to start allergen treatment (ASIT). Remember that self-treatment is unacceptable here. The type and dosage of the drug is prescribed by the doctor.

By following these simple rules, you will significantly reduce the likelihood of an allergic reaction.