Ventilation scheme in a garage with a basement. Cellar ventilation in the garage: scheme and basic installation rules. There are two options for ventilation in the garage.

The presence of a cellar under the garage solves a number of important problems. It can store vegetables, fruits, canned food. This is possible if there is ventilation, which will ensure the optimal temperature and humidity level in the underground room.

Why do you need a hood in the cellar of the garage

Many car owners equip small cellars under their garages where they store canned food and other food supplies. If the basement is not properly constructed, the shelf life of supplies is drastically reduced.

High-quality ventilation will protect the room under the garage from a number of negative factors:

1. With insufficient air exchange, condensation appears in the pit and humidity increases. This leads to spoilage of products, the appearance of mold and fungus on the walls, and stale air.
2. In winter, the air temperature in the underground cellar is much higher than in the garage. In the absence of ventilation, the air rises and carries out the moisture accumulated in vegetable pit. This leads to corrosion on the car body and metal objects in the room.
3. In the absence of ventilation in the basement, stored supplies become toxic. This is affected by the operation of the car engine and toxic fumes from chemical fluids in the garage. To minimize exposure to toxic compounds, the ventilation system must be able to remove air from the pit and allow it to enter. This is solved by installing supply and exhaust ventilation.

A competent exhaust system will avoid the consequences of adverse factors. Thanks to the supply pipe, fresh air will freely flow to the stored food stocks. Excess moisture, toxic and poisonous substances will come out through the exhaust pipe.

Types of ventilation systems

The operation of any exhaust system is based on the principle of air circulation. Spent vapors containing many harmful impurities leave the room, giving way to fresh air. This means that for the organization of standard ventilation, two different pipes are needed: one for the inlet, the other for the outlet.

Experts distinguish between two types of ventilation systems:

• Natural. Excess moisture and other harmful substances are removed from the basement using thermal convection. The heated steam that has accumulated in the upper part of the pit spontaneously rises and leaves the room, making room for drier air coming from the street.
• Forced ventilation. Air exchange between the basement and the street occurs with the help of additional mechanical superchargers. Such a scheme is much more efficient than the natural one, however, it requires some financial costs and constant access to electricity.

Let's take a closer look at the pros and cons of each system.

Natural

The natural exhaust system is characterized by ease of installation, the absence of complex regulation mechanisms and autonomy. It is enough to fix two pipes, one of which will serve to remove the exhaust air from the room, the other - to enter.

If the hood is installed in a pit, only the outlet pipe can be dispensed with. Air can also enter the underground room through an ordinary manhole with a ladder, through which the owner descends into the cellar.

Among the advantages natural ventilation can be distinguished:

1. Ease of installation.
2. Low cost of materials and installation work.
3. No noise.

Installation of fans and other devices is not required

The main disadvantage of such a system is unstable operation. In summer, air circulation may stop. In cold weather, frost forms in the pipes, which can block the hole. To avoid problems, special fans should be installed in the pipes in summer, and insulation should be arranged in winter.

There are other disadvantages of natural ventilation:

1. You cannot control the operation of the system.
2. Do not heat or cool the air.
3. There are no filters, as a result of which harmful substances from the street can penetrate into the basement.

Forced

In the process of forced ventilation, air is forced into the room, filtered, heated or cooled (depending on the season and system settings) and distributed through the ventilation ducts. Such a system, installed in the cellar under the garage, will provide an optimal indoor climate, regardless of weather and other conditions.

Fans or turbines can be built into the pipe

Among the disadvantages of forced ventilation can be noted:

1. Difficulty of installation.
2. A large number of mechanical parts that can fail.
3. The need to connect to a centralized power supply.
4. High cost of equipment.

Which one to choose for DIY installation

The main criterion by which the type of ventilation is selected for a particular cellar under the garage is the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

• Owners of small garages (up to 50 square meters) who agree to conduct periodic inspection and cleaning of pipes may be limited to natural system ventilation.
• If the basement is located under a large garage intended for parking large trucks and buses, it must be equipped with forced ventilation that provides air exchange with the help of additional fans or other mechanical superchargers.

Natural air exchange device: instructions

The design of a natural hood consists of a number of elements:

1. An inlet pipe through which fresh air enters the cellar. Diameter - from 100 to 250 mm.
2. Exhaust pipe through which the exhaust air leaves the room. Diameter - similar to the input structure.
3. Condensate collection tank
4. fine mesh
5. Conical visor.

For the air duct, pipes made of any suitable material are used - tin, asbestos cement, polyvinyl chloride and others.

Before installing the ventilation system, it is necessary to carry out thermal insulation and waterproofing work. It is desirable to carry them out even at the stage of construction of the cellar. If for some reason this was not done, the work should be completed before the installation of the exhaust system.

Cellar walls are carefully impregnated with penetrating insulation. This prevents the penetration of groundwater into the room. For thermal insulation, it is necessary to finish the walls and floor. Ecowool is best suited for this, a fairly expensive and high-quality material that repels rodents. In order to save money, you can use other heat-insulating materials, for example, polyisocyanate plates. The cheapest option for warming is to place carefully compacted sand under the floor and finish the walls with geotextiles or expanded clay.

Work on the arrangement of a natural exhaust system is carried out in several stages:

1. Fixing the exhaust duct. The lower end is located one and a half to two meters from the floor, depending on the height of the basement. The outer part is brought out. The top end of the pipe must be higher highest point garage roof about half a meter. There are two options for installing the exhaust pipe:
   • Through. With this method, the pipe is passed through the floor of the garage and is led out through the ceiling and roof.
   • Through the wall. The lower part of the ventilation pipe is located horizontally, goes through the side wall of the cellar outside the garage and rises up next to the main building.
2. Supply air duct installation. The lower part of the pipe enters the cellar in the corner opposite to where the hood is installed, and is fixed at a level of half a meter from the floor. The other end of the pipe is brought out to a level of 20-30 cm above ground level, for air intake.
3. Checking the air draft, inserting a fine-mesh metal mesh into the pipes to protect against birds and rodents. The outlets can be additionally covered with small caps to protect against snow and rain.

To control ventilation, special dampers can be installed. They help regulate air exchange in winter, when it is critical not to overcool the room. Otherwise, food stored in the cellar may freeze.

Installation of forced ventilation in the basement

The forced ventilation system in the basement under the garage uses the principle of fresh air supply, regardless of the temperature conditions outside.

The fan is installed on the inlet pipe

Due to calm weather, the air temperature outside in summer is often higher than in the cellar. You can solve this problem with a fan.

Before installing the exhaust system, you need to carefully consider the installation location of the fan. It cannot be mounted in a cellar or on a roof: it is a complex electrical appliance that will fail if moisture enters. Due to the increased noise it is not recommended to put it inside the garage.

There are two options:

1. Install a fan on the inlet pipe at the place where the air is taken. The entrance to the channel is additionally protected by a mosquito net. Due to the fact that the outlet of the pipe is low, in winter it is necessary to monitor the level of snow.
2. Install a duct fan.

The first part of the installation of a forced ventilation system is no different from the natural one. Inlet and outlet pipes are installed. The inlet pipe goes from the ground to the cellar, the outlet pipe - from the basement ceiling through the garage roof or goes out parallel to the floor and rises outside the room.

Further installation takes place in stages:

1. A fan is built into the pipe.
2. The cable for powering the fan is laid.
3. The switch is mounted.
4. Outside, the exhaust pipe is closed with a fine-grained grate to protect against rodents, birds, and random debris. A protective visor is also installed, which excludes the ingress of precipitation inside.

Connection details can be seen in the video.

An example of the correct connection on the video

Conversion of a natural exhaust system into a forced one

Not always the simplest exhaust system can cope with its duties. Increasing the efficiency of natural ventilation is necessary in the following cases:

1. The appearance of excess condensate in the cellar.
2. The appearance of fungus, mold.
3. Stale air in the room.

The efficiency of an exhaust system can be improved in several ways:

1. Increasing the diameter of the ventilation pipes. With cellar sizes not exceeding 10–12 square meters, the exhaust pipe can have a cross section of 120 * 120 mm, and 150 mm if it is the only one.
2. Increasing the height of the exhaust pipe. This will increase traction.
3. Make additional exhaust and supply channels.
4. Put a fan in the pipe that provides forced air circulation.

The first three options require a serious revision of the ventilation system. The fourth option is to create forced ventilation based on the existing natural exhaust. The conversion process takes place in several steps:

1. Connecting power cables to the power supply installation site.
2. Dismantling the decorative grille.
3. Fan installation.
4. Installation of a decorative grille.
5. Connecting the fan to the power supply.

In most cases, it is enough to install one fan on the exhaust pipe. To enhance the effect, the second can be built into the input channel. For maximum thrust gain, a centrifugal fan is installed. It has increased power and noise level. This design is installed outside, during installation it will be necessary to partially disassemble the channel.

After completing the installation or re-equipment of the ventilation system, it is necessary to check the draft. To do this, a lit candle or match is brought to the ventilation duct. In the presence of good traction, the flame leans slightly towards the duct.

With good traction, the candle flame leans towards the air duct

Estimated installation costs

The cost of ventilation units can be up to one hundred thousand rubles. This occurs when a complex programmable system is used to create a forced system. Similar structures are installed in large and specialized basements, for example, in wine cellars.

Material	Cost, rub.
Plastic pipe for ventilation, 1 m
Elbow (necessary in the presence of bends, for example, if the pipe rises from the outside), pcs.
Ventilation grille, pcs.
Exhaust fan
Exhaust fan centrifugal type

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Organization of work

Security

Installation of storage systems

Assembly order and steps

In conclusion, all bolted connections are checked, the bolts are tightened with a moment, regardless of their diameter and thread pitch, after which the shelves are hung. => Do-it-yourself installation of basement racks => => publish => open => closed => => montazh-stellazhej-301 => => => 2016-09-16 19:07:18 => 2016-09- 16 15:07:18 => => 0 =>?p=4586 => 0 => post => => 1 => raw =>)) => 1 => -1 => => WP_Post Object (= > 4586 => 2 => 2016-09-18 15:13:35 => 2016-09-18 11:13:35 => Shelving maintenance and repair the process of storage, but also the sorting and selection of goods.Despite some differences in warehouse systems, the installation of racks, the detailed procedure of which is determined by the manufacturer's instructions, is carried out approximately the same.How exactly - the video in this article will tell you about it, as well as useful information provided.

Organization of work

It is unlikely that anyone would think of assembling multi-section storage racks with their own hands. Such work is carried out by specialized teams of installers with relevant experience and knowledge. And they are confirmed by a special document - the admission of the CMO to carry out installation work. A certificate for the production of a certain type of work is issued legal entity which organizes the training and equipment of its people. Most often, such teams have organizations that manufacture racks, or companies that sell them.

A document confirming the right to assemble or dismantle racks On the presented photo you can see how the document confirming the contractor's right to engage in installation work looks like. There is also an appendix to it, which will specifically indicate the types of work covered by this certificate.

Security

Such strictness is due to the fact that the price that has to be paid as a result of an illiterate or negligent attitude to installation work is too high. In the event of a collapse of the racks, not only material values ​​\u200b\u200bcan suffer, but also people in the warehouse. Therefore, both the assembly and the operation of structures must be properly controlled. So:

• There are general requirements that apply to any installation work, the observance of which allows to ensure the proper level of security. This is the proper organization of the place of work, the use of means and devices for the protection of working people.
• It is also very important that when mechanizing work, for example: unloading, only those devices that are completely safe are used. This also applies to electric tools - they must be certified, meet the requirements of the current standard, and, of course, be in good working order.

Installers must have overalls, safety helmets and mounting belts

• The guarantee of safety at the place of assembly of the rack is correct placement his designs. Installation of the next tier should be carried out only after the work on the previous tier is completed. This is due to the fact that under the place where the installation is carried out, there should not be people.
• Considering that the height of storage systems can be 12 meters, which is comparable to the height of a four-story building, the installation of racks is equated to climbing work. That is why mounting belts must be in the arsenal of the working team.

Naturally, to lift structures to such a height, lifting mechanisms are used. In this regard, when lifting loads, certain safety precautions must also be observed: do not leave the load on the crane hook during a break; no need to stand under it, as well as walk on loose flooring. Installers working at heights must be fully aware of the safety rules for working at heights.

Installation of storage systems

In order for specialists to start working, the customer must provide them with certain conditions. First of all, it is necessary that on the site intended for the assembly of frames, it was organized ceiling lighting. To use power tools, two- and three-phase power supplies with a voltage of 220V and 380V must also be provided.

• The warehouse must be closed and dry, with an air temperature of at least +5 degrees. As for the delivery of structures to the assembly site: in order not to have to reload components several times from place to place, it must be possible to unload a flatbed truck at the warehouse gate, and move the cargo from the body to the premises with a forklift.

Warehouse properly prepared for installation work

• For normal operation, a frame assembly area must be defined, which requires a certain amount of space - at least 30 meters long. What is important, the floors of the warehouse must be prepared in advance by the customer, since this is not the responsibility of the installers.
• The floor should not be potholes, it should be clean and dry - but these are not all the requirements. At the base of the floor should be reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of at least 17.5 cm, in the manufacture of which concrete of class B25 and above was used. It has a sufficiently high compressive strength - and this is important, since the floors of the warehouse are under enormous stress.
• Small surface irregularities are allowed, but only within 5 mm per 4 rn, or 15 mm along the entire length of the area occupied by the rack. Such defects are easily eliminated by metal leveling plates, which are necessarily included in the system kit.

Marking for the installation of racks using a polymer tape

• Pre-assembly marking should be carried out in such a way that the anchoring of the thrust bearings of the racks does not fall on the joints of the floor slabs, or the places where the internal reinforcement passes. The marking lines along which the rows of racks will be mounted are beaten off with the help of geodetic devices, and applied by gluing a polymer tape.

Note! All work on the assembly of warehouse racks is carried out in accordance with the working documentation provided by the manufacturer. By the way, it is necessary to coordinate with him any changes in terms of rack placement, as well as increasing or decreasing level marks.

Such changes, after agreement, are made to the documentation, and only after that you can proceed with the installation. Deviations associated with the sequence of technological operations, as a rule, worsen the quality of the assembly - therefore, they should not be allowed in any case.

Assembly order and steps

Of course, not all racks are assembled in the same way, as they may have different design features. The joints of the bearing and fixing elements are carried out strictly according to the drawings, but the assembly order is approximately the same in all cases. We have already mentioned markup.

• She is very milestone, since often in the process of its implementation, errors made when measuring the dimensions of the room are revealed. It is this fact that may determine the need to make adjustments to the documentation. If no deviations were found in fact, proceed to the second stage - the assembly of the side frames.

Assembly of frames from vertical racks and braces

• They are assembled in a horizontal position - that is why a thirty-meter platform is required for work. Connections of load-bearing elements can be welded, that is, monolithic, or they can be detachable. Welded joints are stronger and more reliable, but they do not allow dismantling the rack if necessary.
• Therefore, systems with detachable connections the most popular, and they are performed different ways. In some cases, bolts with threaded fasteners can be used, in other cases, fastening keys are used connecting horizontal beams with uprights through perforation.

Bolt-on console option

• , hooks are provided on the racks, on which a horizontal bearing element is put on. One way or another, the installers must learn all this information from the accompanying documentation, which each of them gets acquainted with before starting work.
• The perforations on the top and bottom of the uprights may vary, so make sure they all lie in the same direction before starting assembly. They are connected in pairs by braces, which provide the structure with spatial rigidity. First, they put the extreme, that is, the upper and lower braces, and then the intermediate diagonal ones. They are fastened in a certain position indicated on the assembly diagrams.
• First, the bolts are tightened without effort, and only after the entire diagonal system is installed, they are tightened torque wrench, with the moment that should be indicated in the documentation in the corresponding table. Then, the assembled frame is set to a vertical position, either manually, if it is small, or using machinery.

List of the main elements of the prefabricated rack

• After two frames are raised and installed on the thrust bearing, horizontal beams are mounted on the two lower tiers and connected in the manner provided by the manufacturer. Thus, one section of the rack is ready. She is hoisted into the design position according to the markup, and the frames of the adjacent compartment begin to be raised.
• While some people are fixing the frames of the second section, others at this time are adding the upper beams to the first. If the rack is paired, then the frames of the second row are attached to the already finished first line using special row connectors.
• When all rack frames are installed in the desired position, they are leveled along the planes and, if required, leveled using metal plates. If the finish coating of the floor of the warehouse is not a concrete screed, but, say, asphalt, then plates are used to better distribute loads on it. bigger size. But such a possibility is also negotiated with the rack manufacturer.

Racks ready for loading Only after the spatial position of the assembled system is verified and adjusted, the frames with the thrust bearing are firmly fixed to the floor with anchor bolts, which are inserted into the base to a depth of 15-16 cm. With a height of structures exceeding 3 m, the rack is also attached to the wall in two places , ceiling or columns. In conclusion, all bolted connections are checked, the bolts are tightened with a moment, regardless of their diameter and thread pitch, after which the shelves are hung. => Do-it-yourself installation of basement racks => => publish => open => closed => => montazh-stellazhej-301 => => => 2016-09-16 19:07:18 => 2016-09- 16 15:07:18 => => 0 =>?p=4586 => 0 => post => => 1 => raw =>) => 0 => -1 => 316 => 316 => 0 => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => => 1 => => => => => => = > => => => => => => => Array ( => query_vars_hash => query_vars_changed) => Array ( => init_query_flags => parse_tax_query))