Rules for connecting 380 volts. Schematic diagram. Plug connections for 4-wire network

And large enterprises have high-voltage high-voltage lines. At this voltage, power transmission is associated with lower losses. Even taking into account the operation of step-down transformers. At the PTS, standing in the villages with residential buildings, in the quarters of high-rise buildings (factories usually have entire substations), high voltage converted to a voltage of 380 volts.

Everywhere there are 4 wires, sometimes a system of five wires is used. The three wires are separate phases. One wire is zero. The voltage between any individual phases is 380 volts. This is line voltage. The voltage between one separate phase and the neutral wire is 220 volts. This is the phase voltage. The phases never connect, do not even touch, otherwise there will be a short circuit.

What is 380 volts used for?

In an apartment where only a TV, a refrigerator, and occasionally a vacuum cleaner work, the load is small, so you can get by with just two wires: phase and zero. If we are talking about a house where there is a garage and a workshop or a sauna and a swimming pool, where the mass household appliances, a ventilation system or heating with electric heaters, it is better to start four wires and provide a linear voltage of 380 volts.

This allows you to distribute the load among the phases. For example, put a garage and a sauna in one phase, a kitchen in another, and everything else in a third. Phase separation is carried out when installing the switchboard. To power powerful equipment, for example, an electric motor, a welding machine, an electric boiler, an electric stove or a split system, you will already have 380 volts on the shield in the house.

How to connect a 380 volt line

When connecting a house, the design power consumption is calculated. The fact is that when connected, the power supply organization allocates a limited amount of power. For example, 3 kW with 220 V and 3 kW with 380 V, which are taken from the nearest support. Anything above is connected directly from the nearest transformer. Cables from the transformer to your house are usually laid at the expense of the customer, that is, you pay.

If you need 380 V in the house and household, you must stretch the line or lay the cable on the ground. The calculation of sections, the project and laying are carried out by specialized companies. You only pay for all the work. This means that you must carefully prepare a list of possible equipment that requires a 380 V connection. This will minimize your costs in the future.

Every woman on this planet knows what menstruation is and how many difficulties arise in order to protect underwear and clothes from menstrual blood. What ladies didn’t come up with “these days” in order to maintain purity. To help them, gaskets were invented, which went through a long path of renovation, in order to become a woman's magic wand these days.

Gasket history

Also in Ancient Egypt women tried to collect menstrual blood with papyrus folded in several layers. The records of Hippocrates mention that the ancient Romans put wooden sticks wrapped in cloth into their clothes. From time immemorial, any materials have been used: animal skin, grass and moss, sea sponges, wool, ashes, sawdust, pieces of cloth. Some women used a folded cloth lined with cotton wool for this purpose. During the Renaissance, special pouches were in fashion, which were tied to the belt and fixed between the legs. In general, in ancient scriptures it is almost impossible to find any information about how women coped with inconveniences, because most often, especially in rural areas, women did nothing, allowing menstrual blood to simply flow down their legs. So it was until the middle of the 19th century, when the first industrial production gaskets appeared. This “apparatus” for collecting blood was fastened in the form of a belt and tightly fitted the hips and the area between the legs, because it is known that the underwear of that era was loose-fitting and no lining materials could hold in pantaloons. The Jansen menstrual band, as the device was called, received a patent in 1858, and has since been commercialized. However, this product was so expensive that it took several years before women could appreciate its convenience and afford it. In 1878 Korff's disposable pads were patented and still attached to the belt. In the following years, almost every year, new manufacturers of these intimate products appeared, offering pads attached to the belt. Gaskets as we know them were not invented until the 1970s. 20th century, finding a response from the mass buyer only in the nineties.

What you need to know about pads

First of all, pads are needed in order to help a woman stay dry and clean during menstruation. Modern panty liners are easy to use: you just need to tear off the protective tape and stick the pad on the panties. Super absorbent pads (four to five stars) are required for days when the discharge is the most intense, as well as for night use. Pads from three stars and below and ultra-thin pads are needed for those days when menstruation is about to end. Wingless options are also available for light bleeding, although it is generally agreed that winged pads are more comfortable to use, as they prevent the pad from wrinkling and secure it to underwear more firmly.

Pads should be changed every 4 hours to prevent odors and bacterial growth. If you are bleeding heavily, you may need to change your pads more frequently. It must be remembered that even at the end of menstruation, when the discharge has significantly decreased, you cannot keep one pad all day long, because this can threaten with a bacterial or fungal infection.

Features of mounting a three-phase socket

If you are planning to install a three-phase outlet, then you definitely need to study its features. Here you will find the differences from connecting a conventional outlet.

It's important to know! It is strictly forbidden to use three-phase sockets to relieve the load of an electrical installation. They are used only to relieve stress.

If you want to take the load off powerful devices, then you need to use special switches. They are able to provide high shutdown speed. Typically, the installation of such devices occurs completely stationary. The use of sockets for this work is prohibited.

Sockets are used in places where you will need to connect sufficiently powerful equipment.

A three-phase electrical network opens up wide opportunities for owners. Thanks to the installation of a three-phase network, you can connect sufficiently powerful devices simply to the outlet. If you wish to properly operate your network, then it must have a security of at least 3.

Energy supply issues are relevant for every owner of a private house. However, when the time comes to resolve this issue, we are faced with a dilemma: connect 220 or 380 volts? In fact, any of these options can be implemented, and many hosts, not knowing about the possibilities of the second case, still choose the first solution. But is it really worth it? Today, in private homes, a three-phase 380-volt electrical network is increasingly common. Today we’ll talk about how to connect it and analyze the advice of experts on why you need to do this.

Is it necessary

Indeed, 380 volt power grids are gaining wide popularity in private homes today. Actually, they are chosen by the majority of the inhabitants of our country, who have certain ideas about physics, and about electricity in particular. For the layman it may seem that the differences are insignificant, but if you look in more detail, the advantages of three-phase 380-volt networks in homes become obvious.

It is important to know that with a two-phase 220 V power supply, the main consumer (i.e. your a private house) receives only one phase + neutral wire. At the same time, distortions occur in the power grid, which are compensated not in the house, but in the transformer that supplies electricity to the area. But in the presence of powerful consumers, the substation does not always cope, which is why the lights in your house may flicker. Especially often such phenomena occur in winter, when powerful electric heaters are used and the transformer is “loaded”. If you connect a three-phase network of 380 volts, all phases are used only for the home. The formation of distortions in this case is extremely rare. This requires a colossal overload of the substation, which practically does not exist.
It is especially recommended to connect a three-phase 380 volt network to residents of private houses located in villages. The fact is that in small settlements low-power substations are used, which means that distortions here can happen more often. 380 V can be the best solution to this problem.
If a person who understands electrics and knows how to connect the input correctly will be engaged in the creation of a 380 V network, you will be able to stay with the light even in the event of local accidents at the substation. If there is any breakdown on the transformer, you run the risk of being left with a 220 V single phase power supply. But the light and some consumers will still work.
Such solutions make it possible to simplify the accounting of consumed energy, so the controlling company has practically no complaints against the owners of houses using a three-phase 380-volt network.

So, as you can see, the advantages of such a choice are quite simple and understandable. But how do you connect? Next, we will examine this issue in more detail.

Network connection

So, before connecting 380 volts to the house, you first need to contact the energy company operating in your area. Power engineers must be notified that you plan to use just such a network instead of the standard 220V. To do this, you will need to contact the power company and clarify the following points:

Network power.
Input type and counter.
Accounting billing.
Connection diagram.
Organization of grounding, etc.

Of course, no one will allow you to independently connect 380 Volts to the house. This is done only after the permission of the power company that serves your area or locality. The connection procedure is performed exclusively by professionals, with special equipment. No one will allow a non-specialist to pull a cable from the central power supply line on their own. In this case, you risk not only the integrity of the power line along your street, but also your own health and life. To carry out any work on connecting a private house, the street must be de-energized, and this is done only with the approval of power engineers.

So, let's immediately pay attention to the fact that power engineers will take up this work only if the distance from the object to the power line does not exceed 300 meters in a straight line. Otherwise, in order to connect 380 Volts, you will have to pull the entire power line to your house, such is the law and nothing can be done about it. Another very important issue is the power of your line. To date, networks with the following indicators are available:

first degree - no more than 16 kW;
second degree - from 16 to 50 kW;
third degree - from 50 to 160 kW.

As a rule, the latter case for private housing is irrelevant. We simply do not have such consumers who would consume electricity at the same time. Often such options can be found in production or in industry. As a rule, at home, the first or second option is used.

In order for the power engineers to be able to connect your home to the 380 Volt network, you will have to prepare a certain package of documents. First of all, this, of course, is an application for the performance of work of this kind. But, in addition to it, you will need to take care of the availability of such papers as:

identification;
taxpayer identification number;
title documents for land;
approved residential plan (if any).

All of these papers are submitted in the form of copies, but you will also be required to present their originals. There is also a list of additional papers that may be needed to carry out work of this kind. So, what else will they ask the energy company to connect the 380 Volt network?

Information about the location and power of appliances that are used in a residential area.
Data on the power limit of any equipment that is installed in the house.
Information on the approximate timing of commissioning of housing (with a three-phase connection, it is carried out in stages).

It should also be noted that you will definitely be required to install an electricity meter, so you will immediately need to prepare for such costs. However, you need to choose the right one! In this case, you should pay attention to the fact that the devices are different. According to the criterion of electricity metering, they can be:

one-rate;
two-tariff;
multi-tariff.

The main difference in this case lies not only in their cost, but also in the further payment for services. If you choose a multi-tariff device, you will have to overpay a little at the purchase stage, but you will pay less for electricity. With one-tariff analogues, the situation will be reversed. The essence of the savings lies in paying for electricity at different tariffs in different time days. It is important to know that multi-tariff devices are especially relevant for users who use electricity at night. Savings will be available if you contact the power company with a request to transfer to a differentiated tariff. For this you will need:

prepare an application requiring the installation of a multi-tariff meter;
obtain the technical conditions that will be required for this device, taking into account the current consumption;
purchase the device, carry out its programming;
call a professional who will make sure that the device is working and seal it;
amend the agreement for the supply of electricity in the energy company.

Three-phase network can really give you whole line benefits. But to connect it, you will need to carry out a series of actions with a local energy company. Yes, connecting 380 volts can indeed take some time. But such a solution will allow you to get a more reliable energy supply and, under certain conditions, significantly save on utility bills.

Connecting electricity to a private house is a process that combines the legal and technical parts of the case. Three-phase input in the house provides some advantages in operation. It is the convenience of connecting directly asynchronous electric motors, and the ability to connect powerful energy consumers: electric boilers, boilers, air conditioning systems.

Registration of permits

When choosing an input type, you need to make sure that technical feasibility three-phase connection. If it is technically feasible, contact the nearest power supply organization for technical specifications. This will require the following documents:

connection request;
site plan, with the location of power receivers, or a power supply project;
documents confirming the ownership of the house (land);
building permit, if the technological connection is carried out during the construction phase;
power of attorney, if the documents are submitted by the representative of the customer.

The energy supply organization issues specifications that must be met by the homeowner. Within the boundaries of the site, work is carried out independently, or for own funds, beyond its borders - a network company. After completing the work specified in the technical conditions, a representative of the energy supply company inspects and connects the house to the power grid. The fact of connection is confirmed by the act of its implementation. The corresponding act also divides the operational responsibility of the parties. The conclusion (or amendment) of the energy supply contract completes the legal procedure.

Input of three-phase voltage into the building

The construction of a three-phase switchboard is more complex than a single-phase switchboard and will require more space. The meter and the four-pole input machine have larger dimensions than with the input of 220 V. You should also provide a place for installing SPDs (surge protection devices) and 380 V surge protection (relevant in case of accidents on the neutral conductor of the network). The tire also starts up in the shield protective earth. The introductory RCD performs a fire-fighting function, its nominal value is 300 mA.

outgoing lines

Outgoing lines can be either single-phase, 220 V, for powering household appliances and the lighting network, or three-phase. The last ones are powered by power lines of asynchronous electric motors, electric boilers, powerful air conditioning systems. Such a line can be assigned to power a detached garage or workshop.

Before distributing 220 V outgoing lines, check the voltages on all three phases. Outside the city, in rural areas, it is not uncommon for one of the phases to be “drawn out”, and the voltage on it is lower than on the others. Do not overload it by connecting powerful power receivers. It is also better to connect household appliances that are critical to low voltage (refrigerator, washing machine) to phases with a stable voltage.

To protect single-phase outgoing lines, single-pole or two-pole circuit breakers are used. The advantage of the latter is that, when triggered, they turn off not only the phase conductor, but also the working zero. In some network failures, a significant voltage can be applied to the neutral conductor.

To break zero in case of an accident, you cannot use two independent single-pole circuit breakers! With such a circuit design, there is a high probability that the circuit breaker on the neutral conductor will work first. In this case, the current-carrying parts of the devices will remain energized, which can lead to electric shock!

When choosing between single-phase and three-phase connections, evaluate your needs and the capabilities of the power supply company. Connecting a house to a 380 V network is technically more difficult and more expensive, and therefore not justified in all cases.

When connecting a 220V outlet, everything is extremely simple - it is almost impossible to mess anything up with two wires. And even if 3 wires are connected, then among them it was necessary to determine only the ground conductor and connect it to the corresponding contact.

Correctly connecting a three-phase outlet is much more difficult. Depending on the type of wiring - with or without a grounding conductor - 4 or 5 wires will have to be connected, 3 of which will be phase.

It is very important not to make mistakes here, because if you mix up the contacts and connect the phase to the ground or zero terminal, then a rather dangerous situation will arise with the possibility of serious electrical injury and damage to an important electrical appliance.

In city apartments, 380V outlets are not used, but in individual houses they are sometimes installed to connect, for example, a powerful three-phase cooker or an electric motor serving any household system. More often, 380V electrical outlets are used in summer cottages, in garages to connect all kinds of machines, compressors and devices, the electric motors of which are designed to be powered by a three-phase network.

How to connect a 380V outlet: basic rules

For electrical consumers designed for 380 volts in Russia and the CIS countries, sockets of 3 types are mainly used. Let us consider in more detail the connection of sockets only of domestic brands RS 32 and 3P + PE + N. Similar imported models, for example, Legrand, are very expensive and are rarely installed, as a rule, based on aesthetic considerations - they look prettier.

When choosing an outlet, it must be assumed that it matches the plug of the connected electrical appliance. You can also buy a suitable plug along with the outlet and subsequently replace the installed standard plug with it.

When connecting a 380V outlet, you must:

Turn off the voltage in the circuit and check its absence with a voltmeter or an indicator screwdriver.
Connect phases A, B, C to the contacts marked L1, L2, L3. The order of connection, the sequence of phases can affect the direction of rotation of the electric motor. But to change the rotation of the rotor, you only need to swap any 2 phases on the contacts of the machine or magnetic starter.
Connect zero to the contact marked N.
Connect a protective earth conductor to the contact marked PE or marked with a characteristic earthing loop symbol.

Features of connecting a 380V outlet brand RS 32

RS 32 sockets are used only for stationary devices that do not move during operation. For example, kitchen electric stoves and ovens.

The first three pins marked L1, L2, L3 are for connecting 3 phases, the fourth pin is N of blue color for the neutral wire and a fifth PE for the ground conductor. In our case, a 4-pin socket is also suitable, in which a grounding conductor is not provided. But in accordance with current technical standards, the grounding of stationary devices is usually made inseparable, while the grounding copper conductor is directly connected to the metal case of the electrical appliance with a special bolt. The ground conductor must be stranded, and its cross-sectional area must not be less than that of the phase conductors of the power cable.

Features of connecting sockets brand 115 (125) 3P + PE + N 32A to 380V

Sockets of this type are used to connect various electrical equipment in utility rooms, workshops, production areas, construction sites. When connecting mobile devices, a stranded flexible copper ground cable must be connected from their housing to the plug.

The grounding contact marked PE is located near the guide slot at the bottom of the socket, which prevents incorrect connection of the equipment. To the right of PE is the N contact for connecting zero. Phases are connected to contacts with classic labels L1, L2, L3. If a 3P+PE+N socket is used for a fixed device, the PE contact can be omitted. But it is worth recalling that the grounding of the body of the electrical appliance must be performed bypassing the outlet with a separate stranded conductor.

Connecting a 380V outlet on your own is within the power of anyone reasonable person. In conclusion, we can recommend making a couple of control measurements - after turning on the voltage in the supply circuit and connecting it to an electrical outlet, check the absence of a phase on its case and measure the voltage at the input terminals of the device itself, if the voltmeter registers 380 volts - everything is connected correctly.