Arseny Alexandrovich Tarkovsky was officially married three times.
For the first time in 1928, he marries a fellow student at the Higher State
Literary Courses, Maria Ivanovna Vishnyakova.
The second time he married in 1940 with Antonina Alexandrovna Bokhonova,
the wife of the critic and literary critic Vladimir Trenin, a friend of Mayakovsky and Burliuk.
His last chosen one was in 1951 the translator Tatyana Alekseevna Ozerskaya.
Let's take a closer look at this mean figure.
Biographers of Tarkovsky write,
1937 - leaving the family. Connects life with A.A. Bokhonova.
1940 official divorce from M.I. Tarkovskaya-Vishnyakova, marriage to A.A. Bokhonova.
1947 - goes to T.A. Ozerskaya.
1950 December - draws up a divorce from A.A. Bokhonova.
1951 - January 26 - registers a marriage with T.A. Ozerskaya.
It is striking that, leaving the previous family, Tarkovsky was in no hurry to formalize
Divorce an old wife and marry a new one. He seems to be giving up hope.
one woman, while putting another on probation.
In addition, Tarkovsky, leaving his family, never once left just like that, to nowhere,
(fell out of love and left), he always goes to a pre-prepared,
(almost wrote, heated), place.
All biographers write about his beauty, aura and energy, about the fact that they fell in love with him
almost all the women who appeared on his horizon, but did he love any of them?
I dont know. Poems, yes, dedicated, but did he love?
So, in 1937, he leaves the mother of his children (Andrey was 5 years old, Marina was 3 years old)
Maria Ivanovna Vishnyakova, to Antonina Bokhonova. Why is he leaving?
Discarding empty arguments about the unprecedented power of love, I searched for more
simple and understandable reasons for the events. And, it seems, I found it.
Actually the first reason in sight - children. Who scream, squeak, cry,
who need to be fed, wipe their noses and butts, and dad is a poet,
he needs silence, he needs peace. He wants to create...
In addition, in the memoirs of Andrei Tarkovsky, I found such a remarkable phrase,
“And our mother was a nihilist in everyday life: she didn’t need anything - not even curtains on the windows.
She was out of the house. She represented a special type of women, formed in the 20s,
for whom the spiritual life was the most important, and everything else was considered philistinism.
I think this is the main reason for leaving the first wife,
for it is said, "the way to a man's heart lies through ..."
Tarkovsky left Antonina Alexandrovna in 47, and this despite the fact that
that he owed her his life, literally. All biographers are one
in the opinion that it was she who managed to withdraw him from the front to Moscow and achieve reamputation
wounded leg at the Institute of Surgery, which was held by the famous at that time
Professor Vishnevsky, who stopped gas gangrene with the sixth operation ...
The feeling of gratitude is one of the main human feelings, and I began to look for
weighty reasons for the departure of Arseny Alexandrovich from the second family.
And I came across this
The poet and translator Semyon Lipkin said, -
Then Tonya appeared ... (Trenina, after her first husband) ... She was a beautiful, kind woman,
soft, but she was not bossy ... She was a doll ... Charming, sweet, kind, decent,
- and it was hard for him ... The apartment was like this: on the first floor (on Serpukhovskaya somewhere,
if I'm not mistaken)... one room is dark (no window), the other is good; sleeping in the dark
Tony's daughter, who didn't love him very much (why, I don't know)... It was very hard for him:
the path to the house was often flooded with water, and it was very difficult for him, on a crutch ... on crutches ...
My opinion, which I cannot prove, was that Tatyana had a good
apartment, in a convenient location, and this can be humanly understood ... As a woman, she was,
in my opinion, unattractive ... Dry ... For example, we lived in the same house on Chernyakhovskaya;
we meet, - she complains that Harsik does not translate, she is lazy ... I did not like her ...
Well... I can't say anything bad about her... I don't think he loved her."
So, it seems to me that the reason for leaving Bokhonova, as well as from Vishnyakova, is banal and prosaic
- "The fish is looking for where it is deeper, and where the person is better."
The third wife of Tarkovsky, by Soviet standards, was a wealthy person.
As a translator from English she translated famous English writers:
T. Dreiser, O. Henry, A. Cronin, Katharina-Susanna Pritchard, John Brain and many others.
In the 1960s John Brain's novels Way to the Top and Life on Top were very popular.
in her translation. Many translations were published in the journal Foreign Literature,
and A. Haley's novel "Airport" was recognized as the best translation of the year.
The novel Gone with the Wind by M. Mitchell, translated by Ozerskaya, was a huge success,
and besides, her labors saw the light,
Raphael Sabatini Chronicle of Captain Blood
Robert Lewis Stevenson, Castaways,
Jack London Daughter of the Northern Lights
Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol
Theodore Dreiser, Titan (together with V. Kurela),
Robert Sheckley, Something for Free, Murder Order,
Francis Scott Fitzgerald, First of May...
In short, Tatyana Alekseevna was a sought-after translator, and therefore out of work,
and therefore did not sit without fees.
It is probably worth mentioning that none of Tarkovsky's biographers calls her a beauty,
Oleg Nikolaevich Pisarzhevsky, a writer and publicist, most accurately said this,
“Women's beauty is a relative concept, but the breed is undeniable. In Tanya
the breed is felt both at a distance and with close acquaintance.
The poet's daughter Marina writes in her memoirs, -. “For five years he resisted this marriage,
understood that he was making a fatal mistake, but still he could not overcome a very
the strong will of this woman."
I don't think he put up much of a fight.
The poet Alexander Revich, who knew the Tarkovskys in those days, recalls,
“I came to him, he had already moved to a house near the Aeroport metro station.
I came to him, he was sitting, with one leg and a stump tucked under him, on a large ottoman,
he had picturesque albums, he examined all kinds of artists, at the same time
he had atlases of the starry sky, he looked at some color amateur slides.
There was a lot of music. He had a wonderful record library, such records were on those
times ... By the way, he is the first one I heard two versions of the opera
"Jesus Christ Superstar".
Did Tatyana Alekseevna love him? God knows.
Alexander Lavrin recalled
"Yes. But I still remember how he jumped on one leg in the Central House of Artists, with difficulty giving her
coat. I then reproached her, and she: “I purposely, so that he would not feel
detrimental..." Yes. But she still bullied him. One day when I was with them
Peredelkino, two fans came, students. They directly prayed for him.
He was in shock, witty, recited poetry. Time passed imperceptibly, it got dark. And so it turned out
that the Tarkovskys needed to go to Moscow, the girls and I were offered to go with them
together. Tatyana Alekseevna drove the car. We didn’t have time to drive off even a hundred meters, as
she caught on. A.A. was supposed to take something with him, but forgot. My God,
how rudely she scolded him, called him an idiot and I still don’t remember how. groupies
dumbfounded. And Arseny Alexandrovich guiltily and affectionately reassured her: “Forgive me,
Tanyusha, well, nothing, let's go back ... ". Have returned.
I whispered to the girls in confusion: “Do not attach any importance to this.
He is above that, he is a great poet!
Below is the famous poem "First dates", it is the author who reads it
in Andrei Tarkovsky's autobiographical film The Mirror,
the film is largely dedicated to Andrei's mother, Maria Ivanovna Vishnyakova (Tarkovskaya),
but this poem is not dedicated to her at all, but to the youthful love of Arseny Alexandrovich,
Maria Gustavovna Faltz. Such a curious inconsistency, aren't such inconsistencies
meant the favorite operator of Andrei Tarkovsky, Vadim Yusov, who shot "Ivan's Childhood",
"Andrei Rublev" and "Solaris" when he said that one of the reasons why he
stopped working with Andrey, it was that he, Yusov, did not internally accept the script
"White Day" ("Mirror"). "I did not like that, although it clearly refers to Andrei Tarkovsky himself,
in fact, everything was different in life: I know his father, I knew my mother ... Fans of the "Mirror" probably
I will be objected that the artistic image should not coincide with the real in everything. I understand it,
agree, you shouldn't. But I saw something else: an incomprehensible and unpleasant desire for me to stand on small
koturny, - and this did not fit with Andrei and me. I told him about it and felt that he was my
this time he will not accept amendments-requirements, which will be difficult for me, and I will only interfere with him ... "
FIRST DATES
Our dates every moment,
We celebrated like an epiphany
Alone in the world. You were
Bolder and lighter than a bird's wing,
Up the stairs like dizziness
Through the step ran and led
Through the wet lilac to your domain
On the other side of the mirror glass.
When the night came, I had mercy
Darovana, altar gate
Opened, and glowed in the dark
And the nakedness slowly sank,
And, waking up: "Be blessed!" -
I spoke and knew that boldly
My blessing: you were sleeping
And touch the eyelids of the blue universe
The lilac reached out to you from the table,
And blue touched eyelids
They were calm, and the hand was warm.
And the rivers pulsated in the crystal,
Mountains smoked, seas glimmered,
And you held the sphere in the palm of your hand
Crystal, and you slept on the throne,
And - good God! - you were mine.
You have awakened and transformed
Everyday human dictionary,
And speech up to the throat with full-sounding power
Filled up, and you revealed the word
Its new meaning and meant: the king.
Everything in the world has changed, even
Simple things - a basin, a jug - when
She stood between us, as if on guard,
Layered and hard water.
We were led to no one knows where.
They parted before us like mirages,
Miraculously built cities
The mint itself lay down under our feet,
And the birds were with us along the way,
And the fish went up the river
And the sky unfolded before my eyes ...
When fate was following us,
Like a crazy man with a razor in his hand.
1962
In the photo, Tatyana Ozerskaya-Tarkovskaya in the early fifties and early sixties.
Reviews
Interesting article...
I myself recently wanted to enjoy Tarkovsky’s poems - it didn’t work out ... :)))
Tarkovsky's poems are not stupid, but often quite strange. Not everyone reads well...
His line is not intuitive, and often you have to strain not to lose the thread.
narrative or understand what exactly the poet wants to convey to the reader ...
It turns out that it is quite possible that he was pushed onto the big poetic stage by
his last wife is a major translator.
Like: I'm a star, which means I can't have a mediocre husband!
His poems are not sung! There is no melody in them, poetic grace
His poems have some kind of strangulation, unnaturalness!
Reading it, you need to strain, make an effort to perceive the images he created!
There is no breadth, there are no those flying Pushkin images, Lermontov's power or Yesenin's colors!
On the contrary, in many verses there is indistinctness of images and the line is not always easy to read.
Some of the verses are written rather clumsily, rudely.
Sometimes there are very strange, even frankly clumsy verbal constructions, which
not allowed by a real master!
In general, he has a good, high-quality rhyming, but still his line does not pull on the highest standard.
I fully understand those who like Tarkovsky. His poems are not stupid, meaningful
Whose brain structure coincides with the twisted thoughts of this poet - they love his poems!
And - to health! This is normal, everyone has different tastes - and this is even good.
But, nevertheless, to pure, high poetry, to the classics - there is far away ...
Thank you for your kind feedback, Andrew.
A painful topic for me, because I value Tarkovsky's poetry very highly.
But you are certainly not alone.
Even on this site you have like-minded people, for example, a poet from Vladimir,
the pro, Vadim Zababashkin, generally believes that Tarkovsky is nothing more than an epigone
great Mandelstam, and with his arguments
it's hard to argue.
But, I will say a little on my own, about - they don’t sing, they sing perfectly. Most famous
this is Rotaru's song - "Is the summer passed, as if it never happened." There are many others.
As for the rest, as an old experienced graphomaniac, I will say, poems of this quality
there is little in Russian poetry, some of his poems sometimes fascinate me, leading either to delight, or to a trance ...))) Neither with Pushkin, nor with Lermontov, this does not happen,
and everyone has weak or controversial verses, including these two, don't they?
And these are a couple of my favorites, for understanding the situation.)
Arseny Tarkovsky - Swallows: Verse
Instead of Simon, I give you praise.
Do not imitate us, but only in that region,
Where Simon sleeps in the ground, you sing like a dope,
In my own language, one line is mine.
Arseny Tarkovsky - Wind: Verse
My soul yearned at night.
And I loved torn to shreds,
Wind-swept darkness
And the stars, glimmering on the fly.
Over the wet September gardens,
Like butterflies with blind eyes
And on the gypsy butter river
Shatuchy bridge, and a woman in a headscarf,
Falling from the shoulders over slow water,
And these hands are like before trouble.
And it seems she was alive
Alive as before, but her words
From the wet L didn't mean now
No happiness, no desire, no sadness,
And the thought no longer connected them,
As it happened in the world with the living.
Words burned like candles in the wind
And they went out, as if she lay on her shoulders
All grief of all time. We walked side by side
But this bitter, like wormwood, land
She no longer touched her feet
And I didn't feel alive anymore.
She once had a name.
September wind and to me in housing
Breaks in - it clangs with locks,
He touches my hair with his hands.
"... they sing excellently. The most famous is the song of Rotaru -" so the summer passed, as if it never happened ..."
Gennady, the point is that when I said that his poems "are not sung", I meant
it is the READING mode of the verse!
Poetry is akin to music and strong, skillful, harmonious verses often have their own rhythm and
are read smoothly, singsongly, easily - and in this they are similar to music.
Tarkovsky has few such poems.
In addition, it is often difficult to put music on high-quality poems, because they are already
have their own rhythm.
But on clumsy verses, on verses, on verses having a march rhythm - music often lies down perfectly!
You can try to read the lyrics of famous songs separately from the music - and most will
sound pretty primitive!
Lyrics apart from music are often not poetry at all!
But with music they sound great.
Therefore, songwriters were not recognized as full-fledged poets "for their own", they used to be even in
unions of writers refused to accept (which is why the wonderful songwriter Leonid
Derbenev and refused to be admitted to the Writers' Union - because he did not have "pure" poems, i.e.
the lyrics in isolation from the music sounded rather poor by poetic standards)
And the fact that some of Tarkovsky's poems sound good together with music (moreover, almost without processing) -
just testifies not in favor of the quality of his poetry, for most of the song texts themselves
by itself - quite primitive. Those are the laws of the genre.
But, in addition to the quality of the product, there is also the internal structure of the human brain and its individual taste.
And to me, Tarkovsky, which is called "did not enter", I could not feel closeness with his poems.
But, there are poems, not stupid, versatile, people read - and, in general, variety and opportunity
product selection is good (in this case)
.
.
Fly, swallows, but do not take in your beaks
No saws, no drills, don't make discoveries
Don't imitate us; enough of that
What do you speak barbarian fluently,
What keen pupils in your honorable retinue
And the first green is a holy celebration.
I have been to Georgia, it turns out that I once
On rubble and grass to the desert temple of Bagrat -
Into a broken jar, and over its muzzle
Your network hung. and Simon Chikovani
(And I loved him, and he was like a brother to me)
He said that on earth he is guilty before you -
I forgot to add poems about your light camp,
That in childhood I played here, that maybe Bagrat
And he went crazy from your exclamations.
.....................
Oh, difficult, oh, difficult, he twists the line!
In places it is very difficult to read, confusing, ornate ...
There is no lightness, sparkling! - have to be stressed.
Obviously, your brain is arranged in such a way that Tarkovsky's way of constructing phrases in poetry is consonant with him.
And I, accustomed to the classics, to the lightness of Pushkin's poetry, I tense up a lot when reading it
ornate.
His poems, however, are difficult to understand.
"I have been to Georgia, it turns out that I once
On rubble and grass to the desert temple of Bagrat -
Into a broken jar, and over its muzzle
Your network hung. And Simon Chikovani" ---- Well, how can you twist your tongue??????...:)))
In 4 lines he mixed Georgia, and a temple, and rubble, and a jug, and a net, and Chikovani!
What a muddy and heavy quatrain!
It seems that there is a rhythm in this verse, and he wanted to tell us something smart, but beautiful, clear
he still failed to create images in this verse !!!
.
.
And the second poem - everything is written - AS IN THE FOG!
As if from somewhere out of a barrel ... :)))
Lermontov has a similar flow, but, excuse me, Lermontov wrote CLEARLY! He created
clear, beautiful, strong images!
And here - a wonderful, confused muttering, as if written in delirium ...
Besides, what does "...And it seems she was alive..." mean?
And this: "..and a woman in a scarf that fell from her shoulders ..." - so is the scarf on her head or on her shoulders?
When they say "in a headscarf" they mean that it is worn on the head. And he is right there on his shoulders !!!
"... The words burned like candles in the wind,..." - What kind of miracle is this? Candles in the wind, actually
are still out... :)
"... And it didn't seem alive to me anymore..." - Op-pa! I've already died! .... :))))
Your will, Gennady, but the classics do not write such nonsense and oddities.
And Tarkovsky has a lot of such stupid mistakes.
Yes, and he complicated the line SPECIALLY - he hid the imperfection of his poems (this is a well-known technique)
"Bursts - then clanging locks,
Then he touches my hair with his hands." --- And this is a very low level of presentation. Some kind of horror movie
perfect turns out. It was as if the person was delirious and wrote down his confused and gloomy dream.
This is far removed from high poetry. And writing such poems is MUCH easier than writing
strong, distinct, beautiful classics.
I cannot agree with you.
1- Pushkin and Lermontov sing. By your logic, they are not poets.
2- The two examples of Tarkovsky I have given are flawless and beautiful.
I don't think it's worth discussing further, the positions are clear, let's not quarrel.
The daily audience of the Potihi.ru portal is about 200 thousand visitors, who in total view more than two million pages according to the traffic counter, which is located to the right of this text. Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors.
“So the summer passed, as if it never happened.
It's warm on the heat. Only this is not enough ... "
Few people know that in her legendary hit she performed the poems of Arseny Tarkovsky. The poet's daughter is sure that if her father had written a couple of poems about the party, his collections would have come out much earlier. But, an aristocrat in spirit, he did not serve the system and received recognition only at the age of 55.
Childhood and youth
Arseny Tarkovsky was born on June 25, 1907 in Elisavetgrad (now the city of Kropyvnytskyi, Ukraine). Mother Maria Danilovna was born Romanian and worked as a teacher. Father Alexander Karlovich served in the Public Bank. For organizing a populist circle, a man was sent to Eastern Siberia for five years, where he began to engage in journalism. Upon his return, he wrote for local and Odessa newspapers.
Arseny had an older brother Valery, in 1919 he died in battle against Ataman Grigoriev. Poetry was close to the boy from childhood: with his father they attended creative evenings, and other authors of the Silver Age. In 1925, after graduating from a seven-year school, Arseny went to Moscow and entered the Higher Literary Courses, which he graduated in 1929.
Literature
Since the late 1920s, Tarkovsky has been writing articles for the Gudok newspaper and poetic feuilletons for the Searchlight magazine. In 1933, he began to engage in translation activities, a year later the first books of translations were published.
In 1940, at a meeting of the Presidium of the Union of Soviet Writers, Mark Tarlovsky proposed to include Tarkovsky in the Union for translations of Kyrgyz and Turkmen poetry, Georgian folk songs. The decision was made positive.
The beginning of the war found Arseny in Moscow: he sent his first wife and children to be evacuated to Ivanovo region, the second - to the city of Chistopol. At the end of October 1941, he himself went to Tatarstan, where he created a cycle of poems "Chistopolskaya Notebook". At the same time, he writes to the Presidium of the Writers' Union of the request to take to the front. Since January 1942, he was credited as a writer for the army newspaper "Combat Alarm".
The poet took part in hostilities more than once, managed to write poems that glorified the feat of the Soviet army, and fables that ridiculed the Nazis. The soldiers cut out poems from newspapers and carried them in their breast pockets along with documents and photos of their loved ones - they were so popular in difficult years. In 1943 he was wounded in the leg, due to gas gangrene he survived her amputation.
Tarkovsky failed to publish his first collection: he refused to include political poems in it. The first book, Before the Snow, was published only in 1962, and two more in 1966 and 1969. Tarkovsky began to be invited to perform at popular poetry evenings. In 1978, the Georgian publishing house "Merani" released another book, "Magic Mountains", where, in addition to original poems, readers are offered translations of Georgian poets by Tarkovsky.
The last lifetime publication was the book "Stars over Aragats" published in 1988. In total, 12 collections of Tarkovsky's poems and 1 three-volume collected works were published. Creativity Arseny occupies a unique place in Russian poetry. He managed to convey to the reader in the conditions of a tough aesthetic dictatorship the traditions of the Silver Age, giving them an individual modern shade.
In March 1982, the son went to Italy to shoot the film Nostalgia. A few months later, at a press conference in Milan, he said that he did not plan to return to the USSR. Tarkovsky Sr. accepted his civic position, however, in his letters he expressed the opinion that "a Russian artist should live and work in his homeland."
The death of his son in 1986 was a strong blow for Arseny Aleksandrovich. From that moment on, his health began to deteriorate sharply.
Personal life
The first youthful love of the poet is considered to be Maria Gustavovna Faltz - it was to her that the poem "First Date" was dedicated. The woman - the widow of an officer, lived in Elisavetgrad, was much older than Tarkovsky. Maria Gustavovna was a muse for Arseny, he wrote poetry to her throughout his life. But serious relationship did not work out with Falz.
The biography of Arseny Tarkovsky has three official marriages. The first time he married in 1928 was a classmate Maria Ivanovna Vishnyakova. In marriage, two children are born - Andrei and Marina. Arseny's son will become a great film director and screenwriter, and his daughter will become a writer.
In 1937, the father of two children leaves the family for Antonina Aleksandrovna Bokhonova. Officially, a divorce and a new marriage was registered only in 1940. Biographers see a banal reason in the reason for the breakup of the first marriage: children. They demanded time, attention, care. And the poet needed love, peace and quiet for creativity.
In addition, son Andrei recalled that his mother was a “nihilist in everyday life”: there were not even curtains on the windows in the house. The spiritual life was more important for a woman. Apparently, Tarkovsky Sr. wanted peace and a homely atmosphere.
Tarkovsky literally owes his life to his second wife. It was she who took him from the front to the capital and achieved the reamputation of the wounded leg from the famous professor Vishnevsky. There were no common children in the marriage, the daughter of Antonina did not love her stepfather. Arseny's friends remember that Bokhonova was kind, beautiful and soft. And Tarkovsky needed a powerful woman who could direct her creative soul to work.
In 1947, the poet leaves Antonina, but the divorce is issued only in December 1950. On January 26, 1951, he marries again Tatyana Alekseevna Ozerskaya. A woman, by Soviet standards, was a wealthy person, she earned a living by translating popular novels from of English language. For example, her version of Gone with the Wind was a huge success.
It is striking that he was in no hurry to divorce with any woman before he built a new relationship. He seemed to leave hope for both: for one, what will return, for the other, what will come.
Death
In the last years of his life, Tarkovsky often visited the House of Cinema Veterans. In November 1988, his condition deteriorated sharply, and the poet was assigned for treatment at the Central Clinical Hospital. Arseny Aleksandrovich died on May 27, 1989, the cause of death was advanced age.
They said goodbye to Tarkovsky in the Great Hall of the Central House of Writers, and were buried in the cemetery in Peredelkino. A few months after his death, Arseniy Tarkovsky was posthumously awarded the USSR State Prize.
Bibliography
- 1962 - "Before the snow"
- 1966 - "Earth - earthly"
- 1969 - "Herald"
- 1974 - "Poems"
- 1978 - "Magic Mountains"
- 1980 - "Winter Day"
- 1982 - "Favorites"
- 1983 - "Poems of different years"
- 1987 - "From youth to old age"
- 1987 - "Be yourself"
- 1988 - "Stars over Aragats"
- 1993 - "Blessed Light"
Life, life
I do not believe in premonitions, and will accept
I'm not afraid. No slander, no poison
I don't run. There is no death in the world:
All are immortal. Everything is immortal. No need
To be afraid of death not at seventeen,
Not at seventy. There is only reality and light,
There is neither darkness nor death in this world.
We are all already on the seashore,
And I'm one of those who choose networks
When immortality comes in a jamb.
Live in the house - and the house will not collapse.
I will call any of the centuries
I will go into it and build a house in it.
That's why your children are with me
And your wives at the same table, -
And there is one table for both great-grandfather and grandson:
The future is happening now
And if I raise my hand
All five rays will remain with you.
I every day of the past, as I strengthen,
He propped up his collarbones,
Measured time with a surveyor's chain
And he passed through it, as through the Urals.
I chose my age according to my height.
We went south, kept the dust over the steppe;
Buryan smoked; the grasshopper pampered
He touched the horseshoes with his mustache, and prophesied,
And he threatened me with death, like a monk.
I tied my fate to the saddle;
I am now in the times to come,
Like a boy, I rise in the stirrups.
My immortality is enough for me,
So that my blood flows from century to century.
For the right angle of even heat
I would pay with my life,
When would her flying needle
Like a thread, it didn't lead me around the world.
Arseny Tarkovsky. Poems of different years.
Moscow, "Sovremennik" 1983. Life, life
I do not believe in premonitions, and will accept
I "m not afraid. Neither slander nor poison
I "m not running. There is no death in the world:
All are immortal. Immortal everything. Do not
to fear death at the age of seventeen,
Not at seventy. There is only reality and light
There is no darkness, no death in this world.
We are all on the shore of the sea,
And I "m one of those who choose networks,
When there is immortality in a jamb.
live in the house and the house will not collapse.
I will call any of the centuries,
I will enter into it and build a house in it.
That's why with me your children
And your wives at the same table
A table alone and great-grandfather and grandson:
the future is happening now,
And if I raise my hand,
All five rays will remain with you.
I am every day past, as a staple,
He clutched his clavicles,
I measured the time by the earth-measuring chain
And through it passed, as through the Urals.
I picked up my own eyelid for growth.
We went to the south, kept dust over the steppe;
Burian was drinking; the grasshopper,
horseshoe touched a mustache, and prophesied,
And he threatened me with death, like a monk.
I pressed my fate to the saddle;
I am now in the future times,
As a boy, I stand in the stirrups.
I have enough of my immortality,
That my blood flowed from century to century.
For the right angle of smooth heat
I would have paid my own life with will,
When would her flying needle
I, as a thread, did not lead in the world.
Arseny Tarkovsky. Poems of different years.
Moscow, The Contemporary 1983.
The daughter of the poet Arseny TARKOVSKY Marina: “Recognition came to my father at the age of 55, the same year as my brother. If he created two or three poems about the party and Stalin, his first collection would have been released much earlier, but dad never served the system - he was a real aristocrat of the spirit.
“So the summer passed, as if it never happened. It's warm on the heat. Only this is not enough ... ". These lines from a song performed by Sofia Rotaru are the first thing that people who are far from poetry remember when they hear the name of Arseniy Tarkovsky.
The last of the galaxy of great Russian poets was born in Elisavetgrad, as Kirovograd was then called, the poet's father Alexander Karlovich was a pupil of Ivan Karpovich Karpenko-Kary (Tobilevich), a playwright, luminary and one of the founders of the Ukrainian theater. For most of his life, Arseny Alexandrovich lived away from his native places, but not in separation from them:
Where is the blizzard in Latin
Translated by Ovid
I drank steppe blue
And the soup was cooked from mussels ...
I have heard that neither the father-poet nor his famous son-filmmaker had any luck in his personal life. Despite this (or thanks to?), Andrei Tarkovsky filmed Solaris, main character which is an example of absolute, to the point of self-destruction, sacrificial love, and Arseniy Tarkovsky wrote "First Dates". In my opinion, this is one of the most accurate love poems in world poetry (if any definitions are possible in this case):
The mint itself lay down under our feet,
And the birds were with us along the way,
And the fish went up the river
And the sky unfolded before my eyes ...
When fate was following us,
Like a crazy man with a razor in his hand...
“Dad was not a womanizer. It’s just that, like any creatively gifted person, he knew how to appreciate beauty,” recalled the daughter of Arseny Tarkovsky Marina (her memoirs “Shards of a Mirror” won the Russian literary prize “Antibooker”, a new one was recently released - “Arseny Tarkovsky: my fate burned between the lines”) . - In his youth he was in love with Maria Falz. He carried this feeling through his whole life (“We celebrated our dates every moment like the Epiphany ...” it is written about her. - Auth.), Perhaps because Mary died early, they did not live together - after all, everyday life destroys relationships, especially terrible, Soviet.
Then my father fell in love with my mother (Arseny Tarkovsky and Maria Vishnyakova met in Moscow at the Higher Literary Courses. - Author), but they got married early, and such marriages are fragile. Then Antonina Alexandrovna Bokhonova appeared in her father's life - a wonderful woman. Dad conquered her with his passion. It was not easy for her to destroy her family and go to the poet. She was a sweet, kind, deeply decent person, but she suffered the fate of my mother, and my father went to Tatyana Ozerskaya.
I know that my father suffered from the fact that he hurt others "...
With Marina Arsenievna, we did not talk about “extra life”, as her father jokingly called intimate details, but simply about him. But also about the brother, of course, too, because these topics are inseparable: “Mom often noted the similarity of their characters and destinies. Only creativity saved and led away from life's difficulties, which they themselves sometimes created "...
This year is twice an anniversary for the Tarkovskys: 105 years since the birth of an outstanding poet, 80 years could have been celebrated by an outstanding director, in whose films “Mirror”, “Stalker”, “Nostalgia” father's poems sound ...
"FATHER'S LAST YEARS WERE TRAGIC - HE WAS SENT TO THE HOUSE OF CINEMA VETERANS"
- Marina Arsenievna, Arseny Aleksandrovich wrote how they baked an air cake for his birthday, hid it in a closet. Once the boy made his way there and began to pinch off piece by piece. Alexander Karlovich, noticing this, did not scold the frightened son - he took him in his arms and began to calm him down: “This is not Asik, this is a little bunny” ... And what is your earliest memory of your father?
- Dad and Antonina Alexandrovna lived very close to us, a 10-minute walk. So Andrei and I saw him quite often. Although for me these were painful meetings: dad sat me on his knees, hugged me, asked me about my life, but I couldn’t answer, I couldn’t speak at all - I just cried ...
Childhood trauma has stayed with me for the rest of my life. I'm generally one of the crying people ...
- “Our baby's name is Marina. Our baby is a ballerina" - lines from a comic lullaby that dad sang to you ...
- I had a home nickname - Mouse.
- Because "mouse" rhymes with "Marishka"?
- I was just very small and very vigilant - I found everything that was dropped on the floor ...
- When you and your brother grew up, did you meet with your father as often?
- Yes, he visited us at home, we visited him. True, it became more difficult to communicate when he married for the third time. A wall was simply built - brick by brick, higher and higher ... Usually dad called and came when he was alone for a while.
He spent the last six months of his life in the hospital. When I later fell ill myself, I suddenly remembered the story that became the first story in Shards of the Mirror. In 1943, Andrei and I returned from evacuation to Peredelkino, because our Moscow room was occupied by someone. From a neighbor, I brought a little goat into the house, I named her Silva.
In the year 1946, Andrei and I came to the House of Creativity of Writers, where we often visited dad. Discharged ladies walked there - in hats, with umbrellas, but we appeared barefoot, brother - in riding breeches donated by someone, and after me, like a dog, the goat Silva ran ...
Arseny (right) with his older brother Valery and mother Maria Danilovna, 1909, Elisavetgrad. Tarkovsky's brother died in May 1919 in a battle against Ataman Grigoriev
- I read how Tarkovsky sobbed when Marietta Shaginyan's cat tore apart the squirrel, which he used to feed in the park almost from his hand ...
- This is a true story, after which dad hated Shagyananov's cat.
- And at the same time the Soviet writer herself, Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the Lenin and Stalin Prizes?
- Well, yes (laughs) ... She was a peculiar person - if Marietta Sergeevna ran out of arguments in a dispute, this lady defiantly took the hearing aid out of her ear: a person could be outraged as much as he wanted and with anything, but she did not hear him ...
- They say that psychologically Arseniy Alexandrovich was an eternal child, even younger than his own son Andrei ...
Arseny, 1908
- Such memories do not touch me, they even irritate me a little. In the biography of Tarkovsky, everything is not simple - such a situation was very convenient for the person who was next to him ...
- Your father's third wife, Tatyana Ozerskaya?
I don't want to name names right now. Indeed, it was beneficial to have not an independent man nearby, but a child, even a genius, who could be led. It hurt me a lot to see this...
Remember the lines of Boris Pasternak: "... but who are we and where are we from, when from all those years there are gossips, but we are not in the world." They are no longer in the world - there are gossip. (The poet Kirill Kovaldzhi recalled Tarkovsky's sarcastic couplet: "I am the only one in our family who is married to a rattlesnake." - Auth.).
I want to restore my father in the eyes of many readers and lovers of poetry as a person ...
In 1921, Tarkovsky and his friends were arrested for publishing an acrostic in a newspaper that unflatteringly characterized Vladimir Lenin. Arseny managed to escape from the train on the way to Nikolaev, where the arrested were being taken, after which he wandered a lot around Ukraine, was a shoemaker, worked in a fishing artel
His last years were simply tragic (Tarkovsky month did not live up to its 82nd anniversary. - Auth.) - absolutely disregarding him, he was sent to the House of Cinema Veterans. Of course, thanks to the Union of Cinematographers of the USSR, which went to meet the wishes of the then father's wife. The leaders of the creative organization did it from the bottom of their hearts, because they could not know the situation from the inside. Dad has lines: “... to tell the truth, I am a domestic cricket by blood”, and he had to live ...
- ... in a state-owned house ...
- Absolutely right! Dad loved his apartment, and his record collection, and books, and his, pardon the details, bath. He was a veteran of the war...
- ... moved with the help of a "stick-down", but even in such circumstances - everyday, everyday - his sense of humor did not fail him: "I return to my native pencil cases" ...
Arseny with his son Andrei and first wife Maria Vishnyakova, 1934. “Mom was a bad blacksmith of her own happiness. She didn’t get married a second time, she didn’t know how to get settled in life, everything was aimed at our good with Andrei ”
- The room where dad lived in the Peredelkino Creativity House was just a real pencil case. The wife lived in the next room, but he had only a bed and a table. The window was located very high, almost inaccessible, somewhere under the ceiling, so that it was impossible to look into it. In the House of Cinema Veterans, the conditions turned out to be better - after all, two rooms ...
- That is, Arseny Alexandrovich and Tatyana Alekseevna actually lived separately?
She liked to sleep late. Papa slept in the first, walk-through room (like a living room), on a narrow sofa with a back, very uncomfortable (he pauses for a long time). But let's end this conversation...
“MY PARENTS' FAMILY WAS DESTROYED BY THE SOVIET TIME. More precisely, THAT UNBEARABLE LIFE ... "
- Why did your grandmother resist the marriage of your parents, almost took a receipt from her daughter, Maria Ivanovna Vishnyakova: they say, if you divorce Arseny, don’t scold me?
When Arseny Aleksandrovich left the family for Antonina Bokhonova, Andrei was three years old, and Marina was one and a half, 1935
- Mothers often create an image of the ideal husband for their daughter and, if the imaginary image does not match with real person are dissatisfied with the choice. But my mother fell in love with Arseny Tarkovsky, then my grandmother got to know him better and also fell in love. She took care of him: she sewed a coat, linen (my parents got married in 1928, then there was nothing - complete devastation), bought rubber raincoats so that mom and dad could go on excursions. Grandma was generally kind and loving person.
- A real shock is to read Maria Ivanovna's letters to your father, written after the divorce: “Dear Asinka! Do not be afraid to treat me like a mother... Don't suffer about your personal affairs, Asik... I understand everything perfectly... We will exchange rooms, and you will live well and calmly. Take some of the furniture, I have an extra bed (sofa) ... Do you need money? I kiss you tightly, the children do not know that I am writing to you.
Marina and Andrei Tarkovsky, late 40s
They love you very much. They are cute cats, only violent sometimes ... ". Maria Ivanovna became friends with the second wife of Arseny Alexandrovich, helped Antonina Alexandrovna when she fell ill, even, it seems, buried her, who burned out at 46 from brain cancer ...
- More precisely, she was at the funeral (Antonina Alexandrovna left her daughter Lena from her first marriage with literary critic Vladimir Trenin, a friend of Vladimir Mayakovsky and David Burliuk) ...
There is a proverb - every blacksmith of his own happiness. Mom was a bad blacksmith. She did not know how to settle down in life and, as if on purpose, chose the most difficult paths for herself. She did not marry a second time, went to work in a printing house with its sweatshop standards, did not go to the evacuation with the Literary Fund - and all because she could not even prevaricate in front of herself. It seemed that she needed nothing in life - there would be a cup of tea with a piece of bread and cigarettes. Her whole life was aimed at our good with Andrey ...
The first wife of the poet Maria Vishnyakova and Margarita Terekhova on the set of Andrey Tarkovsky's The Mirror, 1974
It seems to me that the family of my parents was destroyed by the Soviet era. More precisely, the unbearable life to which it doomed them. Two rooms of 10 square meters, the husband-poet works at night, during the day he needs to sleep, and then the children just woke up ...
Creativity, like monasticism, requires the whole person - as a whole. I experienced it myself when I was working on Mirror Shards. I got up in the middle of the night to write something down. Dad did not write memoirs, but poems, but imagine how many irritants there were around. Plus, a dissatisfied wife who needs to go to the market for milk with two small children, to heat the stove. (When Arseniy Alexandrovich left the family, Andrei was three years old, and Marina was one and a half. - Auth.). And Antonina Alexandrovna, his future second wife, a lovely woman, has a grown daughter in the house, bohemian guests, jokes, secularity ...
Marina with her father, 70s
- Is it true that when Arseniy Alexandrovich decided to leave his second family, Antonina Alexandrovna volunteered to iron his only weekend trousers, put an iron on them and burned them on purpose so that her husband had nothing to go on a date with a rival - Georgian actress Nato Vachnadze? But changes in his personal life still happened: the frustrated Tarkovsky went to visit his neighbors, where he met Tatiana Ozerskaya...
- I suppose someone came up with this story (Nato Vachnadze died in 1953 in a plane crash. According to rumors, Lavrenty Beria had a hand in her death, unsuccessfully seeking the favor of the actress. - Auth.) ... Antonina Alexandrovna was a wonderful person, with self-esteem. I'm sure she couldn't have done such a stupid thing...
“DAD HAVE DONE FIVE OPERATIONS, AMPUTING THE LEG HIGHER AND HIGHER, AND ONLY THE SIXTH GANGRENE WAS SUPPOSED TO STOP”
- During the war, Antonina Bokhonova literally saved your father's life when he, wounded, died in a field hospital ...
Tarkovsky's poems dedicated to Marina Tsvetaeva constitute a separate cycle. "Dad couldn't respond to her warm friendship, he was a family man"
- In December 1943, near the city of Gorodok, Vitebsk region, dad was wounded by an explosive bullet in the leg. He developed gas gangrene. Antonina Alexandrovna, with the help of her friends, received a pass to frontline and brought her father, who by that time had undergone five unsuccessful operations, amputating his leg higher and higher, to Moscow. There, at the Institute of Surgery, the famous professor Alexander Vishnevsky made him the sixth reamputation - gangrene was stopped ...
By the way, dad could easily stay in the rear: he had a reservation, and according to medical parameters, he was not suitable for military service. But even in Moscow, he was eager to join the militia, and when he moved his family to evacuation to Chistopol, he was sent to the front. As a member of the Writers' Union, he was seconded to the front-line newspaper Combat Alarm, where he worked as a war correspondent. Participated in hostilities, was awarded the Order of the Red Star ...
- Arseniy Aleksandrovich admitted that he loves Stalker more than other films of his son, although the heroine of Solaris is literally written off from you ... Did your father immediately notice this similarity?
- I do not know. We didn't talk to each other much, we were mostly silent. AT last years dad held my hand, his wife was present somewhere nearby. I'm not curious and it was hard for me to ask any questions...
Indeed, Andrei asked that an actress similar to me be selected for the role of Hari, and they found the lovely Natalya Bondarchuk. There is a magnificent work of cameraman Vadim Ivanovich Yusov. Hari's first appearance - close-up: cheek, fluff on this cheek, like a peach ...
Hari is so close to me also because it embodies the conscience of the author. I’m probably guessing, but since Andrei wanted the actress to be like me, maybe he considered me a decent enough person ...
With his third wife Tatyana Ozerskaya, 80s. "I'm the only one in our family who is married to a rattlesnake"
By the way, in Nostalgia, the wife of the protagonist Gorchakov is called Maria, like our mother, but the actress Patricia Terreno is one to one when I was young. I had the same braid, twisted at the back ...
- Does your son Mikhail look like Arseny Alexandrovich?
- Talent, yes. Michael is a wonderful writer. Last year, his collection of short stories, Frozen Time, won the Yasnaya Polyana Prize named after Leo Tolstoy in the 21st Century nomination.
I think Misha (he is now 53 years old) is very similar to me. Absolutely my man, although we also have a close relationship with our daughter Katya. By first education, the son is a geographer and biologist. He worked on the Yenisei, in the village of Mirny, where one person said about Mikhail the ornithologist: "Tarkovsky is the third brilliant person in this family." Then the son moved to the village of Bakhta and became a hunter. He began to write while still in Mirny, but it took a lot of effort to persuade him to show his poems to his grandfather. Arseny Tarkovsky was surrounded by many young people - he was sent poems by mail, and he very conscientiously answered everyone, considering it his duty. Although they were mostly just graphomaniac opuses - rarely anyone became a real poet - these can be counted on the fingers of one hand ...
Mikhail has a very developed sense of dignity, he never used the name of his grandfather or uncle.
- What did Arseny Alexandrovich say?
- "Misha, you must write."
And the grandson wrote:
The funeral of Anna Akhmatova on March 10, 1966. Lev Gumilyov says goodbye to his mother, poets Yevgeny Rein and Arseniy Tarkovsky are on the left, Joseph Brodsky is on the far right. “The departure of Anna Andreevna became a huge grief for dad”
I didn't touch your feathers
Didn't spin around the table
And did not rush to become an apprentice,
But she found me...
She is the Muse...
- Do you keep in touch with your younger, Norwegian, nephew?
Andrew has three sons. With the eldest (from Irma Raush. - Auth.) I support - Arseniy Andreevich lives in Moscow, he is a surgeon. The middle one is Andrei (from Larisa Kizilova. - Auth.), President of the Andrei Tarkovsky International Institute of Arts, lives in Florence and rarely comes to Russia from Italy. With the youngest son of Andrey Alexander, we very often talked when Sasha was small, and his mother Berit was free. She truly loved Andrei and was very sad about his death, but life does not stand still...
- Leila Alexander-Garret in the book "Andrei Tarkovsky: Collector of Dreams" writes that after the funeral, his widow Larisa Pavlovna Kizilova extorted Berit's phone number from her friends and began to regularly call her with threats ...
- I don’t want to talk about Berit, I don’t have an internal right ... Sasha is already an adult. The last time he came to Moscow was when he was 15 or 16 years old, a lot of time has passed since then. Now we do not communicate, but this is not our fault, but our misfortune ...
"DAD WAS CARRIED OUT by Tsvetaeva, FIRST OF ALL AS A POET"
- Another delicate topic - Tsvetaeva and Tarkovsky. “Every manuscript is defenseless. I am all a manuscript, ”Marina wrote to Arseny. And he, having learned about her death, responded with tragic lines: "... you will take our poisoned bread to the Last Judgment ...". Perhaps the trouble in Yelabuga could have been prevented if Arseny Alexandrovich had arrived in Chistopol not on October 16, 1941, but only two months earlier - in mid-August ...
- That's exactly how I wrote about Tsvetaeva and Tarkovsky.
For an aspiring poet, Tsvetaeva was a significant figure, at one time poetically very close to him. Marina Ivanovna throughout her life needed the presence of a friend next to her who would understand her - this supported her, nourished her as a poet, enlivened her feelings. Sometimes she tried to completely capture the object of attention in her captivity. My dad became such a person for a while ...
- In one of your interviews, I read: “I never cease to be amazed by Tsvetaeva - an amazing woman! In prison - a husband, a daughter, in her arms - a son, no home, no work, everyone shied away from her, the "White Guard", "emigrant", and she was looking for communication with the young poet Tarkovsky "...
- Dad was fascinated by Tsvetaeva primarily as a poet. He could not but respond to her ardent friendship, he was a family man. Once, when Tarkovsky with his wife and Tsvetaeva were at a book fair, he did not approach Marina Ivanovna, she was offended ...
The war has begun. One day, Tsvetaeva and Tarkovsky met by chance on Arbat Square and came under bombardment. They hid in a bomb shelter. Marina Ivanovna was in a panic - swaying, she repeated the same phrase: "And he (the fascist) goes on and on ...".
- Tsvetaeva told Tarkovsky: “And there is no coffin! Separation - no!
- Father greatly grieved about the death of Marina Ivanovna. Now, publishing his books, I single out poems in memory of Tsvetaeva, written in different years, in a separate cycle. During the life of the pope, this was impossible due to editorial censorship ...
Later, the most precious poet for his father was Akhmatova, whose friendship he greatly valued. The departure of Anna Andreevna became a great grief for the pope. He said goodbye to her in Moscow, then, among others, accompanied the coffin with her body to St. Petersburg (then still Leningrad) and was during the funeral of Anna Andreevna in the Nikolsky Naval Cathedral ...
- The first poetic book of Arseny Tarkovsky, as you know, was published in 1962 - before that only his translations were published: the Georgian Simon Chikovani, the Azerbaijani Razul Rza, the Turkmen Mamedveli, known under the pseudonym Kemine ... “Ah, Eastern translations, how it hurts from you head "... In 1967 he was awarded the State Prize of the Karakalpak ASSR, in 1971 - the State Prize of the Turkmen SSR, while Arseniy Alexandrovich became the laureate of the State Prize of the USSR only in 1989, posthumously ...
- Recognition to the father came in one year with Andrei. My brother received the Grand Prix at the Venice International Film Festival (in 1962 he won the Golden Lion for the film Ivan's Childhood), and my father got a collection with the symbolic title Before the Snow...
“HE LEFT OUTSIDE THE CITY FROM HIS LAST WIFE, BUT DID NOT DECIDE TO START LIFE FIRST”
- The debut of Arseny Tarkovsky took place quite late, at the age of 55 ...
- If he had created two or three poems about the party and Stalin, the book would have been published much earlier, but dad never served the system - he was a real aristocrat of the spirit ...
- "Genius is not a gift, but a path chosen in desperate circumstances" - these words of Jean Paul Sartre were quoted by film director and screenwriter Alexander Vitalyevich Gordon, your husband and Andrei's classmate. They are both about the son and the father. Contrary to everyday circumstances, the late lyrics of Arseny Tarkovsky are amazing:
I hit the age of accounting
Rights not surrendered to age,
Like in the city from around the corner
Train...
Poets are different from people who are called normal. Trials and grief overwhelm ordinary person, and the poet is stimulated. I really love the cycle dedicated to my father's last love, from which he was separated:
What happiness was stolen from me.
When would you come in that terrible year,
They wouldn't lose you in a toss,
Souls would not be put into circulation ...
It was a terrible time for dad (in the manuscript it was - “they wouldn’t lose me in a toss”) ... He never said the name of that woman, he never spoke to me about her. Although he left the city from his last wife and lived alone for some time, in a sanatorium. Then he returned - where to go? There was no other housing. He did not dare to start life at first, because he was no longer young.
- What is now in the place of the house in the 1st Shchipkovsky lane of Moscow, where Andrei spent his childhood and youth, where your son Mikhail, the grandson of Arseny Alexandrovich, was born, where three generations of your family lived? After all, it was demolished - ironically, just on the eve of one of the Moscow International Film Festivals ...
I hope there will be construction soon. The house was gradually destroyed, the last investor completely wiped it off the face of the earth, but this year the issue of restoration was finally decided. This was going to be done under Yuri Luzhkov, the new mayor of Moscow, Sergei Sobyanin, finally decided: there will be a “Tarkovsky House” in Zamoskvorechye. The prefect of the central district is very supportive of the project. In that cultural center a library, a cinematheque, a viewing room and, of course, a museum are planned. Money has already been allocated for preparatory work, on the next year construction must be completed.
— Your daughter Katya is studying at the museum department of the Russian State humanitarian university. Is she going to work on the Tarkovsky House museum?
- I really hope...
— Were any anniversary celebrations planned in Kirovograd?
- I think yes. The Tarkovsky house there, too, alas, was demolished, but the bank building where our grandfather, Alexander Karlovich Tarkovsky, worked, remained. The local collegium has a small Museum of Arseniy Tarkovsky, recently the city council also ordered to open a city museum of the poet and erect a monument. Of course it takes time...
- Will you give the plush monkey, which in the last years of Arseny Alexandrovich's life, lived on his sofa to the museum?
I don't have that toy. One of my dad's guests even gave the monkey galoshes...
