Who was the last president of the USSR. Elections of the President of the USSR: how it was 

President of the USSR- the post of head of state in the USSR in -1991.

Presidency Soviet Union was introduced on March 15, 1990 by the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR with the introduction of appropriate amendments to the Constitution of the USSR. Prior to this, the highest official in the USSR was the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Under the President of the USSR, there was a Cabinet of Ministers - the Government of the USSR and other advisory and administrative bodies.

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According to the Constitution of the USSR, the President of the USSR was to be elected by the citizens of the USSR by direct and secret ballot. As an exception, the first elections of the President of the USSR were held by the Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Mikhail Gorbachev was nominated as candidates, along with Nikolai Ryzhkov and Vadim Bakatin, who withdrew their candidacies. National elections of the President of the USSR were not held.

The first and only President of the USSR was Mikhail Gorbachev, who took the oath as President of the USSR at a meeting of the Extraordinary III Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses on March 15, 1990.

After the introduction of the highest position of the President of the USSR, the posts of the President also began to be introduced in the union and autonomous republics.

Notes

see also

• Political Advisory Council under the President of the USSR

Links

• Constitution (Basic Law) of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (adopted at the extraordinary seventh session of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the ninth convocation on October 7, 1977) (as amended on December 26, 1990)

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Few people in modern political history have been honored with such lifetime glory and at the same time have been subjected to such sharp attacks and ridicule as a man with a simple Russian surname Gorbachev - "Gorby", as he is somewhat familiar, but with obvious sympathy called in the West.

This man has enough titles and awards, his biographies in different languages ​​occupy a whole shelf, and over time, no doubt, more than one feature film will be made about him - the zigzags of his political career are too contradictory. Not a single decision made by him during his years in power was unambiguous, whether it was an anti-alcohol legislative decision or he held a wide variety of positions, but if you choose the most “exclusive” of them, then it sounds like this: First President of the USSR. The uniqueness of this position is that it existed for a very short time, less than two years, and then disappeared into history along with the state itself, the Soviet Union.

The first President of the USSR was elected in March 1990 at the third (I note, extraordinary!) Congress of People's Deputies, which at that time served as the highest body of state power. In the USSR, there has never been a political post called "president of the country". In this regard, it is curious to recall that the hierarchy of the Soviet state was strikingly different from the generally accepted system in the world, this created a lot of delicate problems in diplomatic communication. To whom, for example, should congratulations be addressed on the occasion of the main national holiday?

All over the world, the president of a state writes to the president of another country, the prime minister to his colleague, but what if it is clear that the most influential person in the USSR is not the chairman of the council of ministers at all, but the General Secretary, but this is a party, not a state fast...

With some stretch, the President of the country could be called the Chairman, that is, the head of the highest legislative body of the Soviet state. The first President of the USSR, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev, just held this position until his election to the post, which now allowed him to consider even the most implacable anti-communist, for example, President of the United States of America Ronald Reagan, as his colleague.

It is M. Gorbachev and R. Reagan who are considered the creators of the new world order, which forever ended the era. The surname of the last President of the USSR did not leave the pages of the most respectable newspapers and magazines, glorifying him as a politician who managed to make our planet safer for living. The Nobel Peace Prize is the most weighty proof of the recognition of M. Gorbachev's merits in this field.

However, the first, he is also the last President of the USSR in his country was more often honored with completely different epithets - such as a destroyer, traitor, defiler and others. Some of these accusations may be true, but for the most part they are not. In any case, the last word will remain with History, but for now, the name of Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev alone still affects some people not too much. smart people as the strongest stimulus.

But he has long been accustomed to this and does not pay attention to the streams of accusations and direct slander - that's why he and Mikhail Gorbachev, the only one of its kind, the first President of the USSR!

Mikhail Gorbachev is one of the most famous public figures of the 20th century. He became the first president of the Soviet Union, and also the only one, because soon after he headed the country ceased to exist.

In youth and childhood

Gorbachev's personality is quite interesting. He entered not only into the Soviet, but also into Russian history. His actions in the political field had an impact on the situation in the world. Gorbachev is assessed in different ways: someone believes that he really improved the lives of Russians, someone is sure that all the troubles that began after the collapse of the USSR are entirely his fault.

Mikhail Gorbachev was born in the Stavropol Territory in 1931. His parents lived in the village of Privolnoe. They were ordinary peasants, worked hard, but did not live well.

Expert opinion

Konstantin Pavlovich Vetrov

Assistant and Advisor to the Minister of State Control of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor, historian, Doctor of Historical Sciences. Author of many scientific works about the history of the Soviet Union.

The German occupation fell on Gorbachev's childhood. Later, he often recalled this event.

When Mikhail Sergeevich was 13 years old, he went to work on a collective farm, but he did not leave school. He successfully combined labor activity and study. Initially, he was assigned to work at a mechanical and tractor station. After some time, Gorbachev began to help the combine operator, which was a very difficult and difficult task. Nevertheless, the teenager coped with this, which is why he was awarded the order in 1949. Such an insignia was issued for overfulfillment of the plan.

Gorbachev studied well. He graduated from school with a silver medal. Admission to a lawyer at Moscow State University also went without problems. Already studying at a higher educational institution, he joined the Komsomol, in which he was later one of the most active participants. From this event, a political career began. In 1952, Gorbachev became a member of the CPSU, and soon became the first secretary of the city committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League of the city of Stavropol.

Political activity

As already mentioned above, Gorbachev's career began with the Komsomol. It was during this period that he realized that he wanted to go into politics. Because of this, he turned down an offer of a job as a lawyer.

Is Gorbachev to blame for the collapse of the USSR

YESNO

Later, Gorbachev went back to study. At the Stavropol Agricultural Institute, he received a diploma in economics and agronomy. After that, he became a party organizer of the Stavropol Agricultural Administration. After that, his career began to develop even faster. Gorbachev moves into the category of promising politicians.

During Gorbachev's work in the agricultural administration in Stavropol, there were just good harvests. Thanks to the indicators growing upwards, Mikhail Sergeevich began to be considered an excellent expert in the field Agriculture. This opened the way for him to the post of ideologist of the CPSU on issues in this area.

In 1947 Gorbachev was elected to the Supreme Soviet. Here he headed the commission dealing with youth issues. The very next year he was transferred to the capital, where he was appointed secretary of the Central Committee. This was done on the initiative of Yuri Andropov. He considered Gorbachev very educated and experienced.

1980 was the year when Mikhail Sergeevich began working in the Politburo. He had a hand in many reforms, in particular those that took place in political system and the economy. He actively initiated "perestroika". His reports on this topic were welcomed both by colleagues and by the entire Soviet people. Activities in this direction made Gorbachev famous, he was known as a global reformer. This gave him significant support. Already in 1985 he was elected General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU. In this post, Gorbachev proclaims a course towards democratization, he begins to reform the country.

Mikhail Gorbachev tried to bring a huge country out of stagnation. He made a number of changes to foreign policy. Ultimately, his actions led to the collapse of the USSR.

In particular, inside the country, at the initiative of Gorbachev, a "dry law" was introduced. Also, under him, they exchanged money, introduced self-financing. Mikhail Sergeevich stopped the war that had lasted for many years in Afghanistan, he also did a lot to end the Cold War with Western states.

Expert opinion

Fedor Andreevich Bryansky

Russian source historian, assistant professor at many universities, writer, candidate of historical sciences.

Under this head, the liberalization of society began in the USSR, censorship was lifted. Such steps received positive feedback from the population, this made Gorbachev popular.

There were also some actions of the politician, which are assessed as unsuccessful. In particular, failed economic reforms. They were too inconsistent, which only aggravated the crisis in the country. Because of this, the standard of living of ordinary citizens was reduced.

According to the new legislation in 1990, Gorbachev began to be called president. He became the first and last who had such a title in the USSR. He stayed in his post for a short time. Soviet society had already been significantly changed, it was already difficult to control. Strikes were organized in the country every now and then, people were dissatisfied with the shortage of the most necessary goods, the economic crisis made itself felt. The country already had a minimum of strategic resources, the collapse was inevitable.

Already in 1991, the State Emergency Committee was created. The emergency committee was set up by Gorbachev's allies. They demanded that the president give up his powers, but he did not agree. Instead, Gorbachev initiates a military coup d'état. In the end, however, a deal had to be reached. In December of the same year, the Belovezhskaya Agreement was signed, according to which the USSR ceases to exist, and the CIS is created. This document was signed by 11 union republics.

After that, Gorbachev resigned his powers. He moved away from political life and got into science. In particular, he created the International Foundation for Socio-Economic and Political Research. It was headed by Mikhail Sergeevich himself. This organization is engaged in the study of history, in particular, the perestroika period of the USSR. Funding for the fund comes from Gorbachev's personal funds, as well as through charity.

On the this moment Mikhail Sergeevich supports the current President of Russia Vladimir Putin.

Personal life

Mikhail Gorbachev was married only once. Raisa Titarenko became his wife. Young people got married in 1953. At that time, Mikhail Sergeevich was still a student, he earned money for the wedding by working on a collective farm.

The life of the Gorbachevs was calm and measured. In marriage, their only daughter was born. In 1999, Raisa Gorbacheva died, before her death she had been ill with leukemia for a long time. Mikhail Sergeevich took it hard.

In 2015, Gorbachev began to get sick. It became known that he had diabetes in a serious form, which leads to frequent crises. Because of this, he often has to be hospitalized. Despite this, Gorbachev actively writes books. Many of them are autobiographical, but there are also those in which he criticizes the current reality.

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev He was elected President of the USSR on March 15, 1990 at the Third Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
December 25, 1991, in connection with the termination of the existence of the USSR as public education, M.S. Gorbachev announced his resignation from the post of President and signed a Decree on the transfer of control of strategic nuclear weapons to Russian President Yeltsin.

On December 25, after Gorbachev's resignation, a red light was lowered in the Kremlin. state flag USSR and raised the flag of the RSFSR. The first and last President of the USSR left the Kremlin forever.

The first president of Russia, then still the RSFSR, Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin was elected on June 12, 1991 by popular vote. B.N. Yeltsin won in the first round (57.3% of the vote).

In connection with the expiration of the term of office of the President of Russia, Boris N. Yeltsin, and in accordance with the transitional provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the election of the President of Russia was scheduled for June 16, 1996. It was the only presidential election in Russia where it took two rounds to determine the winner. The elections were held on June 16 - July 3 and were distinguished by the sharpness of the competitive struggle between the candidates. The main competitors were considered the current President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin and the leader of the Communist Party Russian Federation G. A. Zyuganov. According to the election results, B.N. Yeltsin received 40.2 million votes (53.82 percent), well ahead of G. A. Zyuganov, who received 30.1 million votes (40.31 percent). 3.6 million Russians (4.82%) voted against both candidates .

December 31, 1999 at 12:00 Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin voluntarily ceased to exercise the powers of the President of the Russian Federation and transferred the powers of the President to Prime Minister Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. On April 5, 2000, the first President of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, was presented with certificates of a pensioner and labor veteran.

December 31, 1999 Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin became acting president.

In accordance with the Constitution, the Federation Council of the Russian Federation has set March 26, 2000 as the date for the early presidential elections.

On March 26, 2000, 68.74 percent of the voters included in the voting lists, or 75,181,071 people, took part in the elections. Vladimir Putin received 39,740,434 votes, which amounted to 52.94 percent, that is, more than half of the votes. On April 5, 2000, the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation decided to recognize the elections of the President of the Russian Federation as valid and valid, to consider Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin elected to the post of President of Russia.

- Story Tags: Gorbachev

Twenty-one years ago, on March 15, 1990, at the Third Extraordinary Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev was elected the first and only president in the history of the Soviet Union.

He stayed in this post for about two years, until Judas Yeltsin, by deceit and thieves' manipulations, sent his old political opponent to the dustbin of history. It is still not known for certain whether the resignation of the current president of the USSR was accepted in the prescribed manner by the State Council.

However, neither then, nor now, no one was interested in it. Scavengers and marauders from all over the world flocked to the stiffening corpse of the Soviet Union. A camarilla of crooks and thieves came to power in Russia, "free" from 1/3 of its territory.

But let's leave the gangster junta of EBN, who shot the parliament from tanks, in the best traditions of Pinochet, and brought the once mighty state to its knees. Let us return to Mikhail Sergeevich, the restless talker, who still firmly believes that he is speaking the truth. Probably, like any Soviet citizen, my attitude towards Gorbachev changed from enthusiastic to contemptuous. This figure is controversial, which has been written about more than once, there is no point in repeating about his mistakes and miscalculations. I want to say only about two things for which, to this day, I can thank him.

First, this is something that many have forgotten. It was Gorbachev who gave us the freedom to think, read and speak. And all the myths that the alcoholic Boris Yeltsin did it are simply the result of shameless propaganda organized by his former accomplice Boris Berezovsky.

In 1987-1988 we stood in queues for new issues of newspapers, we were thirsty for spiritual food, and like a sponge we absorbed thousands of pages of books, newspapers and magazines. Every day we become different. The air of freedom intoxicated and parted our shoulders. We were waiting for change. The atmosphere in society was filled with energy hitherto unknown to us. We were waiting for real deeds and new worthy tasks. And on this wave, we could catch up and overtake both Europe and America. But this did not happen. Gorbachev blabbed his greatest accomplishment.

And the second. Gorbachev was certainly not a sufficiently sober and pragmatic leader, indeed, such could not appear in the Soviet system of promotion up the party ladder. Mikhail Sergeyevich was a vain romantic talker who, for a friendly pat on the shoulder from the US President, could surrender the GDR, and our troops there, with all the giblets. Who believed the "word" of Western politicians, who quietly laughed at his naivety. But…Mikhail Sergeevich always tried to avoid violence. He is perhaps one of the few leaders of our country whose hands are not up to the elbows in blood. He did not cling convulsively to the presidential chair, as did the EBN and his successors. He did not create a "family" that mercilessly robbed everything in Russia that could be robbed. He did not bring to power a gang of crooks and thieves from St. Petersburg, who call themselves "statists". Statesmen who saw the state good.

Gorbachev himself once said about three mistakes he made: He didn’t reform the party on time, he was late with the reform of the Soviet Union as a multinational community, and he didn’t exile Yeltsin to some distant country to harvest bananas ...

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