At the enterprise, individual entrepreneur all business transactions must be accounted for. Moreover, this also applies to various kinds of assets, including non-material ones.
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Under them are understood all kinds of intellectual, labor and other resources. The legislation establishes a complete list of resources of the type in question.
To be reflected in tax or accounting records, it is mandatory to evaluate such assets.
This process must be carried out in accordance with certain rules. All of them are reflected in the current legislation on the territory of the Russian Federation.
What you need to know
Intangible assets are a significant part of the enterprise's property. Their total number directly depends on the field of activity of a particular company.
There is a fairly large number of very different features associated with the valuation of such assets. This process is covered by the law. It is very important to follow all the rules of appraisal work.
Often, various corruption schemes are implemented precisely by underestimating the value of assets of a tangible and intangible nature.
Therefore, all kinds of regulatory authorities show the most close interest to this section of accounting. This primarily concerns the Federal Tax Service.
If errors in reporting (intentional or accidental) are found, fairly significant fines may be imposed.
This can be avoided by considering the following questions:
- necessary terms;
- why is it needed;
- normative base.
Required terms
To avoid all sorts of difficulties associated with the consideration of legislative norms, which are necessary to familiarize yourself with, it is imperative to study the terminology.
The main terms today include the following:
- tangible assets;
- intangible assets;
- asset valuation process;
- depreciation;
- depreciation charge;
- tax and accounting.
| Under the term "tangible assets" | It refers to assets that have physical form. They can be all kinds of structures, buildings, cars and other vehicles. |
| Under intangible assets | Intellectual property is implied. It can cover a variety of information. For example, there are search assets. This is data on the placement of any sources of resources, something like |
| "Asset valuation" | The procedure for performing the valuation of assets of various kinds. The algorithm itself can differ significantly depending on the type of assets. That is why it is necessary to familiarize yourself with it in advance. An incorrect assessment can lead to a significant fine. |
| "Depreciation" | The cost of maintaining and maintaining an asset in good condition. It could be a car, something else |
| "Depreciation calculation" | The process of reflecting information in accounting and tax reporting of funds for the maintenance of an asset. An important factor is the maintenance of financial records in an appropriate manner. In accordance with the current legislation, all business, economic transactions should be indicated in special tables. Accounting can be kept both together with the tax, and separately from it. |
It is understood as a reflection of the information that is necessary for the formation of the tax base. This moment especially significant in the case of an audit by the Federal Tax Service. Tax reporting must be kept in a strictly prescribed form.
Why is it needed
Today, the process of assessment and subsequent reflection of this procedure in accounting and tax reporting allows you to implement many different tasks:
Valuation of intangible assets allows you to establish the effectiveness of the enterprise. Since the more assets an enterprise has, the more successful its activities.
This indicator is not basic, but is one of the main, most significant. The same is true for all other moments.
Normative base
There are a large number of different legislative acts directly related to the procedure for assessing intangible assets and their reflection.
The most important ones to consider first are the following:
PBU 14/2007 includes the following:
Federal Law No. 402-FZ of December 6, 2011 includes the following main sections:
| The list of objects reflected in the financial statements | |
| Lists the persons who are required to keep accounting records | |
| How is the organization of accounting | |
| The selection process is considered, the features of each type | |
| What are the primary accounting documents | |
| What are accounting registers | |
| How is an inventory of liabilities as well as assets carried out? | |
| The procedure for monetary measurement in this type of accounting | |
| What are the requirements for accounting | |
| What is meant by financial statements | |
| What is the reporting period, as well as the date of reporting | |
| The reporting procedure for | |
| Reporting procedure during the procedure | |
| Internal control | |
| Basic principles related to accounting regulation | |
| The list of documents required in this case is indicated |
There are many different nuances associated with the valuation of intangible assets, as well as their subsequent reflection. All of them are important to consider in advance.
Only in this way is it possible to avoid a variety of problems associated with making mistakes regarding the valuation of intangible assets.
Valuation of intangible assets of an enterprise
The process of valuation of intangible assets can be carried out different ways. The choice of a specific one depends on the type of assets, as well as some other points.
It is important to familiarize yourself with the list of data required for this in advance. The main issues that need to be considered are:
- What are the types of assessment?
- data necessary for this;
- if the market value;
- if for a bank;
- drawing up the act.
What are the types of assessment
Exist different kinds evaluation of intangible assets. The main ways to carry out this operation include the following:
- income type method;
- comparative approach;
- costly approach.
The yield method is understood as a list of actions to assess the profit that a particular intangible asset can bring.
The comparative method itself is more complex in terms of use. It means the totality various activities, implying a comparison of the cost of analogue assets.
When choosing an analogue object, it will be necessary to take into account the following characteristics (they determine its cost):
- economic;
- technical;
- others.
The essence of the cost method is similar to the comparative one. But this takes into account all kinds of cumulative costs that will need to be incurred in the event of the loss of the object and its subsequent return.
The cost of returning an asset must be understood as the total amount of funds that will need to be spent to recreate an exact copy.
The date of assessment is also an important factor. The choice of any particular assessment method directly depends on many different factors.
First of all, you should remember the need to take into account legislative norms. It is important to know that the evaluation process can only be carried out in view of this moment.
Data required for this
To assess the value of intangible assets, it is strictly necessary to have a certain list of data. It is also established by the current legislation of the Russian Federation.
It is important to remember not to underestimate the cost. The set of data required depends directly on the method that has been chosen to carry out the assessment. The easiest way in this regard is with the cost approach.
The main reason for this is the ease of obtaining information about the cost of restoring a particular asset. Data can be taken from the Internet, various printed publications.
Difficulties are usually delivered by obtaining information for evaluation by the yield method. Abroad, this method is usually referred to as fair value.
It refers to the price paid for the sale of assets. The most significant difficulty associated with this method is the lack of documentary confirmation of information.
The choice of indicators in the case of determining fair value again depends on the type of intangible assets themselves. The comparative approach in this sense is essential easier definitions fair value.
Since the information is more specific and it is possible to confirm it with documents. It is only important to choose the reference asset and the market value set for it appropriately.
If the market value
In the case of determining the market value, there are usually no difficulties. But at the same time, one should remember the need to indicate the source of the data; documentary evidence is important.
It should be used as an independent print publication. Also, the market value should not be lower than the cost of renewing the asset in case of its sale, loss for any other reason.
If for a bank
In the case of the valuation of intangible assets, it is important to remember the need to comply with standards. They are established by special legislation.
For example, the valuation of intangible assets FSO 11 is set
If the standards of the law are not met, the bank simply will not take into account the documents on the valuation of intangible assets.
Drawing up an act
The valuation of intangible assets must be confirmed by a special one. It does not have a set form, it can be drawn up arbitrarily.
But it must necessarily contain a reference to the legislative act on the basis of which the assessment was carried out. In the absence of experience in this area, you should just use the example.
The process of valuation of intangible assets has a large number of very different nuances. All of them will need to be dealt with in advance - this way you can avoid problems with the Federal Tax Service.
Appropriately performed assessment will allow you to get a loan from a bank and perform a number of other important tasks.
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Almost any business, both in our country and abroad, is very difficult to imagine without intangible assets. What does this concept include, why is it necessary to find out the real value of intangible assets and who is involved in evaluating this kind? You can find answers to these questions below.
Why find out the cost of intangible assets
Know real price intangible assets of an enterprise is necessary in several cases:
calculation of the size of investments in authorized capital any organization;
during the inventory;
in the process of introducing an object of intangible assets into economic circulation;
when recalculating the amount of taxation;
if the owner of such property wishes to receive a loan secured by it;
to resolve any conflicts related to intangible assets, in particular - copyright infringement, etc.;
when the owner of such an asset intends to sell it or transfer the rights to use it to another person or entity.
Whatever the scale of your enterprise, the valuation of intangible assets can affect the overall value of the business. And if in the case of small organizations the difference in price will not be so impressive, then in relation to large corporations and holdings the difference in performance will be huge. Depending on how recognizable the brand is and how popular it is with the consumer, the intangible property of a large-scale company can be almost half of its total value. That is why it is so important to have up-to-date information - this is your immediate benefit. You can order this type of research in Moscow on the website
First of all, it is necessary to decide what intangible assets include. According to the existing terminology reflected in the legislative acts of the Russian Federation, this type of property includes three broad categories:
intellectual property;
rights to certain property;
capitalized costs.
Each of these categories is a property that does not have material content, but, at the same time, is actively used in the course of the enterprise's activities and brings income to the owner. If we consider the content of these groups in more detail, then the following can be attributed to intangible assets:
literary, musical, scientific works;
computer software;
inventions from any field of science and technology;
selection research results;
any innovations or secret production technologies;
individual trademarks;
the reputation of the enterprise, that is, the difference between the value of net assets and the price of the organization as a single complex.
This is a fairly generalized list of property that can be considered as intangible assets and evaluated from this point of view. More detailed information you can find out on the website of our organization.
Cost of valuation of intangible assets
Valuation of intangible assets from 30’000, from 5 days, for court from 35’000
The cost of assessing intangible assets is formed after sending a description, a list of intangible assets.
Valuation of intangible assets
As in cases of working with other types of property, three research methods are applicable to intangible assets: costly, profitable and comparative. But it should be borne in mind that intangible assets are a highly specific type of property, which began to be evaluated in our country relatively recently. Only qualified specialists with certain experience in this field can conduct such a study. By contacting us, you can count on maximum attention to your problem and extremely accurate evaluation results, which will be reflected in the report.
The case of evaluating the rights to intangible assets, when the possibility of full disposal of property is considered, is quite rare. Most often you have to deal with the determination of the value of any part of the property, and this can also in some cases make research difficult - only good specialists in their field can handle such a task.
The evaluation procedure is carried out using one or more basic approaches.
Market (comparative) method. This method of research is based on the fact that it does not make sense to acquire any intangible asset at a price that exceeds the cost of a similar object available on the market. Thus, in order to find out the value of an asset, an expert analyzes available offers in this area, already concluded transactions where similar property was the object of sale and purchase, and calculates the price in a particular case.
Costly way. This type of research is widely used specifically for intangible assets, since it is usually not difficult to find out what financial resources were spent in the process of creating intellectual property, or what investments will be needed to create a similar one. Based on these data, the final amount is displayed.
Income method, or fair value measurement. This approach requires a thorough analysis of the mass of data, since the assessment of intellectual property takes into account the possible profit that the owner of the property will receive.
Assessment of intangible assets: stages of the procedure
Like any process of determining the value of an object, working with intellectual property should be carried out in several stages.
First of all, the structure of the asset as a whole and its components are analyzed. This is done in order to select the most optimal research methods in each specific case, because different approaches can be applied to individual elements.
The next step is to determine such a parameter as the degree of wear. This is a fairly broad concept, which is interpreted differently for each type of intellectual property. For example, if you are the owner of a patent for any invention, the appraiser will necessarily analyze the degree of relevance of your technology, as well as the availability of new, more advanced mechanisms or production methods.
Also, experts are required to evaluate the accumulated depreciation and subtract its cost from the total amount.
Valuation of intellectual property objects and prospects for business development
In addition to the general objective reasons for conducting this study, there are many more reasons to turn to specialists.
First of all, a far-sighted leader understands that in a highly competitive market, his goods or services must meet a certain level - this is the only way to maintain a stable consumer interest. Last but not least, this is achieved thanks to intellectual property objects - a recognizable trademark, application in production modern technologies, labor optimization and so on - all these categories are part of intangible assets.
It should be taken into account that there are often situations in the domestic market when IP is significantly underestimated. In this case, the enterprise bears the losses, since in general its value can significantly decrease, which, in turn, will affect the size of investments and capital investments.
Based on the results of the work performed, we provide the client with a report on the assessment of intangible assets - in Moscow, you can also contact our office at the specified address for help. The cost of our services, the timing of the assessment and other details will also be reflected in the contract that we enter into with the client. Call us now, and do not lose the benefits in the future!
