The use of water-based paint as a finishing material opens up the opportunity for everyone to choose a color, choose a texture, decide on an ornament that will delight the owner of the house after finishing work. Various ways of applying paint, different kinds tools for applying paint will allow you to create a unique style in the interior.
Just read the labels to check the amount of petrochemical-derived toxic substances they contain that can affect our health. These types of paints are just as harmful to the environment due to the amount of heavy metals and volatile organic compounds they contain and last for weeks and months after they are applied. In addition, synthetic paints and varnishes burn easily, releasing toxic gases that can be fatal.
For all these reasons, more and more people prefer eco paints or ecological paints over synthetic paints and varnishes. For a painting to be considered sustainable, its components must be of natural origin, renewable sources and biodegradable materials. For this purpose, minerals such as iron oxide or talc are used, as well as oils, resins and inks that come from the roots, leaves, bark and fibers of various plants. Water is usually used as the solvent.
The painting process is not as complicated as it might seem at first glance. It is enough to follow certain rules, which will guarantee that the result of the work performed will always please you.
Preliminary work
Before you start painting, the wall must be prepared. To do this, get rid of the previous layer of paint or wallpaper, if it was wallpaper. After that, using a plastic film, we cover the floor, close the surfaces adjacent to the wall to be painted.
For little money and a few ingredients, we can make our own paintings, learn to make homemade environmental paintings. For this type of paint, you will need oil as a binder and mineral pigments to give it color. The recommended type of oil is linseed or linseed oil and the processing is very simple as only the oil needs to be mixed with the color until completely dissolved.
This type of paint is usually used on unfinished wood and can be waxed to protect the finish. Milk paint uses milk casein as a binder. To get casein from milk, we need a liter of milk, put it on the fire in a saucepan and leave it before it starts to boil. From the fire, add 50 cm 3 of white vinegar, stirring gradually, then we will separate with a filter or filter the whey milk from the rennet, which we will use to prepare the picture.
Before applying the first coat of paint, apply a coat of primer to the wall with a roller. Why is a primer needed? This material, applied to the wall, provides a reliable adhesion, to put it simply, a layer of paint to the surface of the wall. In addition, the use of a primer at the first stage of painting the walls allows for a more even distribution of the paint layer and avoids streaks and streaks. After the primer layer is completely dry, a protective film forms on the wall. Checking whether the primer has dried or not is simple: just run your hand along the wall.
Painting walls with old paint
We use about 50 grams of lime, chalk or marble powder as the main pigment, which we dissolve with a little water before adding it to the rennet. Once we have a homogeneous mixture of rennet and pigment, we will add the water needed to obtain a suitable consistency for dyeing.
Milk paint has an opaque finish and the color will drop off after drying, so you need to give it a few hands to get the color you want. It is suitable for absorbent surfaces such as plaster, cement or natural wood, however it does not adhere to metal surfaces, plastics, glossy finishes or synthetic enamels. We can give a colorless wax finish for water resistance and this is the last painting.
The consistency of water-based paint is quite thick. To get a perfectly even coating, the paint must first be diluted. The solvent is ordinary water at room temperature, adding which, the solution must be thoroughly mixed. How to mix a solution of paint and water? If you have a drill with a special mixer attachment on hand, you can use it, but a regular stick can also be an excellent mixer for preparing paint.
Lime paint is economical, disinfectant and allows the walls to breathe. To prepare it, we need from 2 to 4 kg of building lime or hydrated lime, 1 kg of salt and 250 cubic meters. Vinyl glue. All the ingredients are mixed with the pigment, and we will have lemon paint ready to use. The amount of lime we use will depend on the consistency we want to give the paint, the more lime the thicker it will be. It should also be noted that the mixture needs to be removed quite often as the lime tends to go to the bottom of the container.
If you plan to make textured drawings on the wall using water-based paint, in this case you should not dilute it with water, it is better to take advantage of the thick material.
The technology allows you to prepare the paint long before applying it to the wall, but before painting the surface, it must be re-mixed.
Painting the walls is not in a hurry
This type of painting is commonly used for painting exteriors or rustic interiors and is usually colored by oxides. Starch can be used as a binder in paint due to its power and thickening properties. To prepare starch paint, we need 150 g of potatoes or rice, water, plaster and pigment.
First we will cook the potatoes or rice and we will make a puree, then we will add about 400 ml of boiling water, we will mix everything and we will filter it with a fine rag. On the other hand, we dilute the plaster and the pigment a little cold water, and we add it to the previous mixture.
After we managed to achieve the desired paint consistency, it's time to choose the color that will delight us for a single day. Traditionally, water-based paint is sold in stores white color. In order to get the desired color today, there are special colors with which you can achieve desired color, adding a certain amount of them, increasing it or decreasing it - it all depends on your taste.
Paint slate, chalk or chalk
This painting provides a velvety finish and is ideal for interior walls, wood and cardboard. If we want to give more bright finish and make it waterproof, we can add a spoon linseed oil. One of the hardest decisions when painting a wall or room is choosing the types of paint we want to use. Sometimes we attach great importance to color, and we neglect the type of painting, not taking into account that, depending on its characteristics, it adapts better to a particular surface.
If the surface of the wall is extensive, you should make sure that the paint of the desired color is enough to treat the entire surface, otherwise you risk the surface of the painted wall to be of a different color.
Painting tools
For a high-quality application of a layer of water-based paint, you will need special tools and devices, including brushes, sponges and rollers. To achieve the desired effect, we select the roller even before we start applying the first layer of paint. The roller is the main tool of the painter, which always ensures an even distribution of the material over the surface. The longer the pile of the roller and the harder it is, the more opportunities to create the most unusual textures on the wall. Brushes should be used in those places that do not require and do not allow the use of a three-dimensional roller - these can be wall joints, the edge of a wall. Sponge - this tool is most often used in the process of decorating a wall, rather than traditional painting. With the help of a sponge and thick paint, you can easily create a texture.
Types of painting that we find most often
It is a very economical paint and is used as a surface preparation. When applied, it softens and smoothes the walls, allowing a softer appearance on the back coats of paint. Recommended use: It is used to prepare the surface before painting it, when it seals bare walls, smoothens the wall, reducing imperfections and allowing the paint to adhere better.
How to paint the ceiling with water-based paint? Paint options
It is not a washable paint and has little adhesion on surfaces that have not been treated. Therefore, before using it, you should use a fixative. It is economical, permeable and easy to expand, but its use is not recommended on walls that suffer from moisture as mold forms on the surface.
The most suitable tool for applying paint on a wall is a regular roller, the villi of which are average length, and the stiffness of the pile is defined as soft.
Stages of painting
First - pour the prepared material into a special paint tray. Buying such a tray is not difficult: it is inexpensive and is sold in every hardware store. With the help of a paint brush, we pass a layer of paint along the perimeter of the wall, so that the adjacent walls and surfaces with the working wall do not get stained with paint.
Recommended for use: It is suitable for use on cement walls that are not subject to much wear and tear. Commonly used in gypsum plastered walls and ceilings. This is interior painting par excellence. It is washable, has great water resistance, dries quickly, hardly produces odors and is very easy to apply. It has three finishes.
Glossy: Highly reflective, washable and waterproof. - Satin finish: Finished with a sheen and good to the touch. Durable paint against time and dirt. - Helper: It is opaque and does not reflect light. Well masks damages of walls. It can be washed to a lesser extent than a satin finish.
The second - we drag out the roller in the paint poured into the tray. This measure allows the pile of the roller to be saturated with paint, which, in turn, provides a better coating.
We start painting the wall using a roller and prepared paint.
How many coats of paint should be applied
To obtain an ideal wall surface after painting, in order to achieve a perfectly even color, it is worth applying at least two layers of paint, and if possible, forces and means allow, then it is worth applying three layers of paint. Applying the next layer of paint, you can achieve maximum quality, because each next layer will complement the previous one, which always ensures a positive result, while avoiding unnecessary spending.
Recommended use: - Gloss plastic paint: recommended for facades and exterior walls. - Satin Plastic Paint: Recommended for living with bright walls and intense colors as they brighten up the tones and color. - Matte Plastic Paint: Ideal for irregular walls and to provide as natural surfaces as possible.
This is a painting that cannot be used without applying the base before. It is very resistant to dirt and the passage of time. Solvents must be used to remove surface stains. Just like plastic paint comes in three finishes: glossy, satin and matte.
It is important to remember that each next layer of paint should be applied only after the previous layer is completely dry. While painting the walls water-based paint it is important to ensure complete isolation from the penetration of drafts in the room. It is also worth making sure that dust and pollution do not have access to the room where work is being done on painting the walls.
Recommendation for use: due to its durability, it is used in kitchens, bathrooms, on the edges of frames or windows. Under this title, we will consider all the colors on water based used for painting walls and ceilings made of plaster or cement. Depending on the country where we are located or the characteristics of the painting, we will find different names: acrylic and vinyl latex, acrylic and vinyl paints, interior or exterior coating, etc.
Obviously, these paintings vary in composition and quality, but their application is the same. Contact the specialist in the store where you buy the painting, who will definitely recommend the one that suits you. When painting with a brush or roller, water must be used as a thinner. The dilution will vary from about 5 percent to about 15 percent.
What are the ways to paint walls?
Water-based paint, due to its properties, allows you to create various types of cladding that resemble in shape and structure decorative plaster but are much cheaper.
Drying between hands is 4 to 8 hours. Its finish can be matte and satin. The satin finish is very fine and fine, also very washable. Matte is more susceptible to stains, but has great delicacy and hides imperfections very well. It is most commonly used for walls and ceilings.
The colors are very varied, they can prepare them or prepare them themselves with the help of dyes in the case of pastels, because it is not recommended to add too much dye to the painting. A maximum of 60 cc should be added per litre. In addition, you can mix prepared colors and thus get new shades.
If water-based paint is used to process textured plaster, you must first apply the main color to the wall, using a roller with an average pile size and medium hardness. This will fill in all the recesses formed by the plaster on the wall. Instead of a roller for more High Quality performance of the work, you can use a spray gun, but this is if you have one available.
Calculate the amount of paint to use on the walls. When the painting is missing, the new color we prepare will not be identical to the previous one if we prepare it, thus preventing the remaining details from being seen. In the case of coloring, we lose money, and even if we save it, we usually do not use it. water paint often breaks down over time. and solvent in the form of synthetic enamels and varnishes are dried.
First measure the surface to be painted, multiplying the height by the width or base to get square meters each wall or plane for painting. This is on rectangular surfaces, for example. In triangular walls or with a roof with a marked slope, we measure half of its height and multiply by base meters. For example: a wall of 4 meters base on one side 2 meters and the other 4 meters.
The next step in painting a textured surface is to use a sponge or a bald roller to help smooth out any exposed surfaces of the textured plaster. Using a different color paint at this stage will fill the room with volume.
In addition to processing an already finished texture created using textured plaster, the use of water-based paint allows you to create the texture itself. To do this, it is not necessary to dilute the material with water at the preparation stage, it must be left thick. If you use thick paint and a regular roller, after applying a layer on the wall, a rough surface is formed, completely dotted with pimples. If you use a rarer paint, you can get a softer and more diffuse pattern on the wall.
After calculating the surfaces, we need to know when to pay for the paint we will be using. All packages show approximate yield per liter per hand. Keep in mind that the picture good quality gives more than economic. In addition, the surface has a lot to do, in rough walls the paint may render half or less than indicated on the container. Remember that the use of fixative or similar material improves performance.
Usually painted with paints. 10 m2 per liter with quality paints from 6 to 4 m2 per liter in rough and textured finishes. 5 m2 per liter with economical paints 12 m2 per liter of synthetic enamels. Once the surface to be painted is calculated by adding all partial areas of all walls, divide it by redeeming the picture and multiply it by the number of hands.
To create a texture on the wall using water-based paint, you can also use genuine leather patches instead of the usual roller. This method allows you to choose and create a variety of ornaments on the wall. However, it is worth remembering that creating textures and ornaments on the wall with the help of paint will entail a greater consumption of material.
Video how to paint the walls with water-based paint
Finishing the interior of apartments or suburban areas is not a simple construction process. It requires a special approach and attention. Today, people often try to do repairs on their own in order to save money, and sometimes in order to learn something new and try their hand. This fact is especially relevant for homeowners who are engaged in painting residential premises. In construction and decoration, water-based paint is most often used. With a relatively affordable price, their quality is compared with high-quality oil paints. Water-based paints are a very popular, promising and high-quality repair material. This article describes in detail all the pros and cons, specifications, types of water-based paint.
Advantages and disadvantages of water-based paint
Water-based paint has a number of significant advantages.
First, it dries pretty quickly. Sometimes it only takes a couple of hours to dry.
Secondly, the paint is absolutely harmless and completely safe for the environment and human health. During painting work, there is no need to urgently leave the premises.
Thirdly, the paint does not have a sharp specific smell, which generally persists for 2-3 weeks after finishing work is completed.
Fourthly, the composition of the paint can be given almost any color, while adding special pigments. Building stores usually sell a colorless tone, and a catalog with pigments is offered for it. The consumer can choose the shade he likes and on the spot the specialist will give the water-based paint the desired shade.
Fifth, the process of applying the paint is quite simple, and the paint tools are easy to clean after use.
The disadvantages of water-based paint are much less than the advantages. The main disadvantage is that the dyeing process can only be carried out at a temperature of + 5 ° C.
Technical characteristics of water-based paint
Before you buy water-based paint, you need to pay attention to its technical specifications, which include:
- Compound;
- Consumption;
- Viscosity;
- Specific gravity;
- Storage conditions;
- Best before date.
The composition of the paint includes: latex, filler, thickener and antiseptic.
Consumption of water-based paint - for 1 layer is approximately 150-200 ml / m2. The required number of coats depends on the absorbency of the substrate.
Viscosity is an indicator that determines the degree of dilution of the coloring mixture with water. Viscosity is measured with a viscometer and should be about 40-45 s. when using a coloring brush, 20-25 when applied with a paint sprayer.
The specific gravity is about 1.35 kg/l.
Drying time directly depends on the temperature and humidity of the air, it can vary from 2 to 24 hours. The optimum temperature when painting a room with water-based paint is + 20 ° C, and humidity - 65%.
Types of water-based paints
Today, depending on the polymer that is part of the paint, there are four main types of water-based paints, namely:
- Acrylic;
- Silicone;
- silicate;
- Mineral.
Acrylic water-based paints
This type of paint is currently the most common. Acrylic resins serve as the main component in the composition of the paint, and therefore the water-based paint received its name.
Very often latex is added to the composition. Such a combination of components allows acrylic water-based paints to actively resist water. This suggests that the painted coating can be washed with water without problems, without fear that the paint will become unusable or even washed off. Manufacturers in the characteristics of the paint very often indicate that it can withstand up to five thousand washes with water. This double layer acrylic paint with latex filler can mask surface cracks up to 1 mm thick. Acrylic water-based paint, the price of which depends on many factors, fits very well on the surface of wood, glass, concrete, brick, plaster, concrete, as well as on metal that has been primed in advance.
A striking example of such a coloring agent is water-based paint VAC. It does not have a specific, unpleasant smell, it is safe, dries quickly, and working with paint is very easy.
Silicone water-based paints
In silicone paints, by analogy with acrylic, silicone resins are present in the composition.
Such paint, despite the rather high cost, is perfect for all mineral coatings and can easily paint over cracks up to 2 mm wide. Silicone water-based paints belong to the class of a vapor-permeable coating. This quality allows the paint to be used on damp, as well as moisture-prone surfaces. With such paint, you can forget about the fungus for a long time.
Silicate water-based paints
Silicate water-based paint is a mixture of an aqueous solution, liquid glass and colored pigments.
This type of water-based paint has excellent vapor and air permeability and good weather resistance. silicate paint can last at least 20 years.
But, it is worth noting that if the environment in which the coating is located is more humid than the painted material itself, then it is better not to use this type of water-based paint.
Mineral water-based paints
The composition of mineral water-based paints contains slaked lime or cement. They are used for any surfaces when painting ceilings and walls. However, their main purpose is Painting works with concrete or brick surfaces. The disadvantage of these types of water-based paints is considered to be a short service life.
Water-based polyvinyl acetate paint is obtained by rubbing pigments on a polyvinyl acetate emulsion. The advantage of such paints is that they are diluted with water and you can work with them even indoors, while maintaining good conditions labor. Their films are sufficiently high strength, resistant to moisture, fats and mineral oils, and they are also lightfast.
Painting with water-based paint
There are some nuances in painting a room with water-based paint.
Before use, the paint must be thoroughly mixed to a homogeneous mass. If the instructions indicate that the paint can be diluted with water, then it is better to do this, so the paint will lie more evenly on the surface. If there is a desire to give the interior as many bright colors as possible, then this is not a problem at all. To do this, you need to buy a color for water-based paint. This handy thing helps to make color out of ordinary white paint, while selecting the desired shade by mixing.
Initially, it is better to dilute the paint in some kind of small bowl, apply it to cardboard and let it dry. Only then can you determine whether the shade is suitable or not. It is worth noting that the paint has a slightly different shade than the dried coating.
The painting surface must be flat and prepared for painting. Before applying the mixture, the wall or ceiling must be puttied and primed with a primer.
At the expense of choosing a color for the room, there are certain rules. If the windows of the room face south, then cold shades will be ideal: purple, blue, green, blue. If the windows face north, then it is better to choose warm colors: crimson, yellow, red, pink, orange. When choosing shades, there should be no problems, since the colors of water-based paint are very diverse, thanks to which each consumer will be able to satisfy all his wishes regarding the shade of the surface of his room.
Painting walls with water-based paint
Before starting work, you need to free the room as much as possible, plaster all the irregularities, putty and thoroughly rinse the walls if necessary. Do not forget about a respirator, goggles and gloves.
When painting putty walls, it is best to apply three coats of paint, with the first being a primer. When painting walls with wallpaper, two coats will suffice.
You need to paint in stages and in parallel stripes, and you need to move from the window to the opposite end of the room.
For maximum quality of painting surfaces, it is recommended to use special equipment. One of the most popular devices for facilitating the staining process is the spray gun.
The spray gun for water-based paint is a great helper that will help to paint any surface without gaps and sagging. They are very productive and large area simultaneous coverage of the surface.
In order to paint the walls with water-based paint with a brush, you need to take a wide brush with a size of 100-125 mm. And immerse it in paint for a third of the bristles. After that, you need to press the brush against the wall of the container in order to get rid of excess paint. You need to start applying the paint from top to bottom with short horizontal and vertical movements.
Applying water-based paint with a roller is the most fast way surface, but in this case more layers are needed than with a brush, since the roller adjusts the paint in a thinner layer. The tray needs to be filled about a third with paint, then lower the roller into the paint mixture and roll it over the entire surface several times. This will distribute the paint evenly throughout the roller. After that, you can start painting. The roller along the wall must be carried out in different directions, while evenly pressing on it. Everything must be done carefully and slowly, otherwise the paint may splatter.
Painting the ceiling with water-based paint
The most important thing here is the application of a uniform layer on the surface of the ceiling, for this the entire roller must be covered with the same layer of paint. In order to achieve uniform distribution paint, you need to dip the roller into the paint, then roll it out on the surface of the tray or on a specially prepared material, such as linoleum. This process can be repeated several times if necessary for a perfect distribution. If you skip this process and immediately proceed to painting the ceiling, then due to the uneven layer, after drying, stains may appear on the ceiling, which cannot be removed in the future.
Apply water-based paint for the ceiling in parallel stripes that overlap each other by about 2-3 centimeters. The duration of applying one layer will be about 30 minutes. To achieve a perfectly painted ceiling, you need to apply 2-3 layers of paint and the thinner the layer, the more uniform the surface will be after drying.
In painting the ceiling, the direction of painting the coating is of great importance. The last layer should be located towards the light source. This can hide possible inhomogeneities in the coating structure. After painting the entire ceiling, you can move on to painting those places where the roller did not get it, namely the joints and corners. To do this, you can use a brush and carefully apply a small layer of water-based paint on an unpainted coating.
How to remove water-based paint
The most unstable to moisture is water-based paint for walls and ceilings based on PVA (polyvinyl acetate). To remove this type of paint, all you need is a sponge with soapy water.
In order to wash off acrylic water-based paint, which is resistant to water and soap solutions, you need to use mechanical means - a spatula or an angle grinder disc.
Another effective way mechanical removal with a spatula is considered to be a preliminary pasting of the area to be cleaned with newspapers. To prepare the glue, you need to cook starch in the consistency of sour cream or buy ordinary wallpaper paste. After the glue dries, the paper with paint will be easier to remove.
Also, the paint can be cleaned with a chisel. This is a tedious process, but the paint can be removed very well without making too much noise.
Water-based paint can also be removed with a building hair dryer, annealing area by area with old paint. In this case, you can gradually help with a spatula. This method is suitable for cleaning acrylic water-based paint.
You can also use a chemical based cleaner. After it is applied to the area to be cleaned, it will begin to soak into the paint and gradually destroy it.
