The painter walked. Biography Marc Chagall

In 1907, he left his hometown of Vitebsk, moving to St. Petersburg. There, in the biography of Chagall, he studied under the guidance of L.N. Bakst. In 1910 in Paris, he began to absorb character traits cubism into his expressionist style. Chagall is considered a forerunner of surrealism.

After several years in Russia, in 1922 he moved to France, where he lived most of his life. He often repeated themes drawn from Jewish life and folklore. In addition, the artist was extremely fond of using floral, animal symbols in his canvases.

His main early work mainly include frescoes for the Jewish State Theatre. Among other famous works in the biography of Marc Chagall: "I and the Village" (1911, Museum of Modern Art, New York), "The Rabbi of Vitebsk" (Art Institute, Chicago).

Chagall designed the sets and costumes for Stravinsky's The Firebird (1945). Twelve Chagall stained glass windows, symbolizing the families of Israel, were shown in Paris, New York. After that, stained glass windows were installed at the Hadassah Medical Center in Israel.

Also in the biography of Marc Chagall, two huge frescoes were made for the Metropolitan Opera. They symbolized the springs, the triumph of music, and were installed in 1966. Most of the author's works are made with outstanding ingenuity and skill. In addition, Chagall illustrated many books, including " Dead Souls» Gogol, «Fables» Lafotaine, as well as the Bible (1956).

In 1973, a museum of his works was opened in Nice.

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One of the most famous representatives of avant-garde art in painting, graphic artist, illustrator, stage designer, poet, master of applied and monumental art of the twentieth century, Marc Chagall, was born in the city of Vitebsk on June 24, 1887. In the family of a small merchant Zakhar (Khatskel), he was the eldest of ten children. From 1900 to 1905, Mark studied at the First City Four-Class School. Vitebsk artist Yu. M. Pen led the first steps of the future painter M. Chagall. Then a whole cascade of events took place in Mark's life, and all of them were connected with his move to St. Petersburg.

From 1907 to 1908, Chagall studied at the school of the Public Encouragement of Arts, at the same time, throughout 1908, he also attended classes at the school of E.N. Zvyagintseva. The first painting painted by Chagall was the canvas “The Dead Man” (“Death”) (1908), which is now kept in Paris at the National Museum of Modern Art. This is followed by "Family" or "Holy Family", "Portrait of my bride in black gloves" (1909). These canvases were written in the manner of neo-primitivism. In the autumn of the same 1909, the Vitebsk girlfriend of Marc Chagall - Thea Brahman, who also studied in St. Petersburg and was such a modern girl that she even posed naked for Chagall several times - introduced the artist to her friend Bella Rosenfeld. According to Chagall himself, as soon as he looked at Bella, he immediately realized that this was his wife. It is her black eyes that look at us from all the paintings of Chagall of that period, she, her marvelous features, are guessed in all the women portrayed by the artist. 1st Parisian period.

Paris

In 1911, Marc Chagall received a scholarship and went to Paris to continue his studies there and get acquainted with French artists, as well as avant-garde poets. Chagall fell in love with Paris immediately. If even before his departure to France, Chagall's style of painting had something in common with Van Gogh's painting, that is, it was very close to expressionism, then in Paris the influence of Fauvism, Futurism and Cubism is already felt in the painter's work. Among Chagall's acquaintances are famous masters of painting and words A. Modigliani, G. Apollinaire, M. Jacob.

Return

Only in 1914 did the artist leave Paris to go to Vitebsk to see Bella and his family. There he found the first World War, so the artist had to postpone his return to Europe until better times. In 1915, Marc Chagall and Bella Rosenfeld got married, and a year later, in 1916, they had a daughter, Ida, who in the future would become the biographer of her famous father. After the October Revolution, Marc Chagall was appointed authorized commissar for the arts in the Vitebsk province. In 1920, on the recommendation of A. M. Efros, Chagall went to Moscow to work in the Jewish Chamber Theater. A year later, in 1921, he worked as a teacher in the Moscow region, in the Jewish labor school-colony for homeless children "Third International".

Emigration

In 1922, in Lithuania, in the city of Kaunas, an exhibition of Marc Chagall was organized, which the artist did not fail to take advantage of. Together with his family, he went to Latvia, and from there to Germany. And in the fall of 1923, Ambroise Vollard sent an invitation to Chagall to come to Paris, where in 1937 he received French citizenship. Then comes World War II. Chagall could no longer stay in Nazi-occupied France, so he accepts an invitation from the management of the Museum of Modern Art in New York to move to America in 1941. With what joy the artist received the news of the liberation of Paris in 1944! But his joy was short-lived. The artist suffered a deafening grief - his wife Bella died of sepsis in a New York hospital. Only nine months after the funeral, Mark dared to take up the brush again in order to paint two paintings in memory of his beloved: “Next to her” and “Wedding lights”.

When Chagall turned 58, he ventured into a new relationship with a certain Virginia McNeill-Haggard, who was in her thirties. They had a son, David McNeill. In 1947 Mark finally returned to Paris. Virginia, three years later, left Chagall, running away from him with a new lover. She took her son with her. In 1952, Chagall married again. His wife was the owner of the London fashion salon Valentina Brodetskaya. But for the rest of his life, Chagall's only muse was his first wife Bella.

In the sixties, Marc Chagall suddenly turned to monumental art: he worked in stained glass, mosaics, ceramics and sculpture. By order of Charles de Gaulle, Mark painted the ceiling of the Paris Grand Opera (1964), and in 1966 he created 2 panels for the Metropolitan Opera in New York City. His mosaic "The Four Seasons", created in 1972, adorns the National Bank building in Chicago. And only in 1973 Chagall was invited to the USSR, where an exhibition of the artist was organized in the Tretyakov Gallery. Marc Chagall died on March 28, 1985. He died at the age of 98 in Saint-Paul-de-Vence, where he was buried. Until now, there is no complete catalog of the works of the greatest artist, his creative heritage is so huge.

Mark Zakharovich Chagall (1887-1985) - painter, graphic artist, theater artist, illustrator, master of monumental and applied arts.

CREATIVITY AND BIOGRAPHY OF MARC CHAGALL

One of the leaders of the world avant-garde of the 20th century, Chagall managed to organically combine the ancient traditions of Jewish culture with cutting-edge innovation. Born in Vitebsk on June 24 (July 6), 1887. He received the traditional religious education at home (Hebrew, reading the Torah and the Talmud). In 1906 he came to St. Petersburg, where in 1906-1909 he attended a drawing school under the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, the studio of S.M. Zaydenberg and the school of E.N. Zvantseva. He lived in St. Petersburg-Petrograd, Vitebsk and Moscow, and in 1910-1914 - in Paris. All Chagall's work was originally autobiographical and lyrically confessional.

Already in his early paintings, the themes of childhood, family, and death dominate, deeply personal and at the same time “eternal” (“Saturday”, 1910, Wallraf-Richartz Museum, Cologne). Over time, the theme of the artist's passionate love for his first wife, Bella Rosenfeld, comes to the fore (“Over the City”, 1914–1918, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow). Characteristic are the motifs of the "parochial" landscape and life, coupled with the symbols of Judaism ("The Gate of the Jewish Cemetery", 1917, private collection, Paris).

However, peering into the archaic, including the Russian icon and lubok (which affected him big influence), Chagall adjoins futurism and foresees future avant-garde trends. The grotesquely illogical plots, sharp deformations and surreal fabulous color contrasts of his canvases (“Me and the Village”, 1911, Museum of Modern Art, New York; “Self-Portrait with Seven Fingers”, 1911-1912, City Museum, Amsterdam) have a great influence on the development of surrealism.

Saturday Jewish cemetery gate Me and the village Self-portrait with seven fingers

After the October Revolution in 1918–1919, Chagall served as the commissar of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of the provincial department of public education in Vitebsk, decorating the city for revolutionary holidays. In Moscow, Chagall painted a number of large wall paintings for the Jewish Chamber Theatre, thus taking the first significant step towards monumental art. Having left for Berlin in 1922, later from 1923 he lived in France, in Paris or in the south of the country, temporarily leaving it in 1941-1947 (he spent these years in New York). ran into different countries Europe and the Mediterranean, visited Israel more than once. Having mastered various engraving techniques, in 1923-1930 Chagall created sharply expressive illustrations for "Dead Souls" by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and "Fables" by J. de Lafontaine by order of Ambroise Vollard Chagall.

As he reaches the peak of fame, his manner - generally surreal - expressionistic - becomes easier and more relaxed. Not only the main characters, but also all the elements of the image soar, forming constellations of colored visions. Through the recurring themes of Vitebsk childhood, love, and the circus performance, gloomy echoes of past and future world catastrophes float (“Time has no shores”, 1930-1939, Museum of Modern Art, New York). Since 1955, work began on the "Chagall Bible" - this is the name of a huge cycle of paintings that reveal the world of the ancestors of the Jewish people in a surprisingly emotional and vivid, naive-wise form.

In line with this cycle, the master also created a large number of monumental sketches, compositions based on which adorned sacred buildings of different religions - both Judaism and Christianity in its Catholic and Protestant varieties: ceramic panels and stained-glass windows of the chapel in Assy (Savoy) and the cathedral in Metz, 1957 –1958; stained-glass windows: synagogues of the medical faculty of the Hebrew University near Jerusalem, 1961; cathedral (Fraumünster church) in Zurich, 1969–1970; Cathedral in Reims, 1974; St. Stephan Church in Mainz, 1976–1981; and etc.). These works by Marc Chagall radically updated the language of modern monumental art, enriching it with powerful colorful lyricism.

In 1973, Chagall visited Moscow and St. Petersburg in connection with an exhibition of his work at the Tretyakov Gallery.

When I open my eyes in the morning, I dream of seeing a more perfect world in which friendliness and love rule. This alone is enough to make my day beautiful and worthy of being.

Marc Chagall is the only artist in the world whose stained glass windows adorn the cathedrals of almost all denominations. Among the fifteen churches there are ancient synagogues, Lutheran churches, Catholic churches and other public buildings located in America, Europe and Israel.
Specially commissioned by Charles de Gaulle, the current French president, the artist designed the ceiling of the Grand Opera in Paris. Two years later, he painted two panels for the New York Metropolitan Opera.
In July 1973, a museum called the "Bible Message" opened in Nice, France, which was decorated with the artist's works and housed in the building that he himself conceived. Some time later, the museum was awarded national status by the government.
Chagall is considered one of the instigators of the picturesque sexual revolution. The fact is that already in 1909 a naked woman was depicted on his canvas. The model was Thea Brahman, who agreed to such a role only out of pity for the artist, who financially could not afford professional models. These sessions later led to romantic relationship, and Thea became the first love of the painter.
Being in a bad mood, the artist painted only biblical scenes or flowers. At the same time, the latter sold much better, which greatly disappointed Chagall.
The painter considered only love to be the most important thing in the universe and life.
Marc Chagall died on March 28, 1985 while climbing to the second floor in an elevator, therefore, his death occurred in flight, albeit not very high.

Bibliography and filmography of the artist

Apchinskaya N. Marc Chagall. Portrait of the artist. - M.: 1995.
McNeil, David. In the footsteps of an angel: memoirs of the son of Marc Chagall. M
Maltsev, Vladimir Marc Chagall - theater artist: Vitebsk-Moscow: 1918-1922 // Chagall collection. Issue. 2. Materials of VI-IX Chagall readings in Vitebsk (1996-1999). Vitebsk, 2004, pp. 37-45.
Marc Chagall Museum in Nice - Le Musee National Message Biblique Marc Chagall ("The Bible Message of Marc Chagall")
Haggard V. My life with Chagall. Seven years of abundance. M., Text, 2007.
Khmelnitskaya, Lyudmila. Museum of Marc Chagall in Vitebsk.
Khmelnitskaya, Lyudmila. Marc Chagall in the artistic culture of Belarus in the 1920s - 1990s.
Chagall, Bella. Burning lights. M., Text, 2001; 2006.
Shatskikh A.S. Gogol's world through the eyes of Marc Chagall. - Vitebsk: Marc Chagall Museum, 1999. - 27 p.
Shatskikh A.S."Blessed be my Vitebsk": Jerusalem as a prototype of Chagall's City // Poetry and Painting: Collection of Works of MemoryN. I. Khardzhieva/ Ed.M. B. MeilahaandD. V. Sarabyanova. - M.: Languages of Russian culture, 2000. - S. 260-268. - ISBN 5-7859-0074-2.
Shishanov V.A. “If you really want to be a minister…” // Bulletin of the Marc Chagall Museum. 2003. No. 2(10). pp. 9-11.
Kruglov Vladimir, Petrova Evgenia. Marc Chagall. - St. Petersburg: State Russian Museum, Palace Editions, 2005. - P. 168. - ISBN 5-93332-175-3.
Shishanov V.“These young people were ardent socialists…”: Participants revolutionary movement Surrounded by Marc Chagall and Bella Rosenfeld // Bulletin of the Marc Chagall Museum. 2005. No. 13. S. 64-74.
Shishanov V. On the Lost Portrait of Marc Chagall by Yuri Pan // Bulletin of the Marc Chagall Museum. 2006. No. 14. P. 110-111.
Shishanov, Valery. Marc Chagall: Studies for the biography of the artist on archival affairs
Shishanov V. A. Vitebsk Museum of Modern Art: history of creation and collection. 1918-1941. Minsk: Madison, 2007. - 144 p.

Russian and French artist of Belarusian-Jewish origin

Marc Chagall

short biography

Mark Zakharovich (Moses Khatskelevich) Chagall(French Marc Chagall, Yiddish מאַרק שאַגאַל‏‎; July 7, 1887, Vitebsk, Vitebsk province, Russian Empire (current Vitebsk region, Belarus) - March 28, 1985, Saint-Paul-de-Vence, Provence, France) - Russian and a French artist of Belarusian-Jewish origin. In addition to graphics and painting, he was also engaged in scenography, wrote poetry in Yiddish. One of the most well-known representatives artistic avant-garde of the 20th century.

Movsha Khatskelevich (later Moses Khatskelevich and Mark Zakharovich) Chagall was born on June 24 (July 6), 1887 in the Peskovatik area on the outskirts of Vitebsk, was the eldest child in the family of the clerk Khatskel Mordukhovich (Davidovich) Chagall (1863-1921) and his wife Feiga-Ita Mendelevna Chernina (1871-1915). He had one brother and five sisters. The parents married in 1886 and were cousins to each other. The artist’s grandfather, Dovid Eselevich Shagal (dovid-Mordukh Ioselevich Sagal, 1824-?), came from the town of Babinovichi, Mogilev province, and in 1883 he settled with his sons in the town of Dobromysl, Orsha district, Mogilev province, so that in the “Lists of real estate owners property of the city of Vitebsk" the father of the artist Khatskel Mordukhovich Chagall is recorded as a "dobromyslyansky tradesman"; the artist's mother came from Liozno. Since 1890, the Chagall family has owned wooden house on Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street in the 3rd part of Vitebsk (significantly expanded and rebuilt in 1902 with eight apartments for rent). Marc Chagall also spent a significant part of his childhood in the house of his maternal grandfather Mendel Chernin and his wife Basheva (1844-?, the artist's grandmother on his father's side), who by that time lived in the town of Liozno, 40 km from Vitebsk.

He received a traditional Jewish education at home, having studied the Hebrew language, the Torah and the Talmud. From 1898 to 1905, Chagall studied at the 1st Vitebsk four-year school. In 1906 he studied fine arts at the art school of the Vitebsk painter Yudel Pen, then moved to St. Petersburg.

From Marc Chagall's "My Life": Having seized twenty-seven rubles - the only money in my life that my father gave me for art education, - I, a ruddy and curly youth, go to St. Petersburg with a friend. Decided! Tears and pride choked me when I picked up money from the floor - my father threw it under the table. Crawled and picked up. To my father's questions, I stuttered and answered that I wanted to enter an art school ... I don’t remember exactly what mine he cut and what he said. Most likely, at first he said nothing, then, as usual, warmed up the samovar, poured himself some tea, and only then, with his mouth full, said: “Well, go if you want. But remember, I don't have any more money. You know. That's all I can scrape together. I will not send anything. You can't count."

In St. Petersburg, for two seasons, Chagall studied at the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, which was headed by N. K. Roerich (he was admitted to the school without an exam for the third year). In 1909-1911 he continued his studies with L. S. Bakst at the private art school of E. N. Zvantseva. Thanks to his Vitebsk friend Viktor Mekler and Thea Brahman, the daughter of a Vitebsk doctor who also studied in St. Petersburg, Marc Chagall entered the circle of young intellectuals who were passionate about art and poetry. Thea Brahman was an educated and modern girl, several times she posed nude for Chagall. In the autumn of 1909, during her stay in Vitebsk, Teya introduced Marc Chagall to her friend Berta (Bella) Rosenfeld, who at that time was studying at one of the best educational institutions for girls - Guerrier school in Moscow. This meeting was decisive in the fate of the artist. “With her, not with Thea, but with her I should be - it suddenly illuminates me! She is silent, and so am I. She looks - oh, her eyes! - I, too. As if we have known each other for a long time, and she knows everything about me: my childhood, my current life, and what will happen to me; as if she was always watching me, was somewhere nearby, although I saw her for the first time. And I realized: this is my wife. Eyes shining on a pale face. Big, bulging, black! These are my eyes, my soul. Thea instantly became a stranger and indifferent to me. I entered new house and he became mine forever"(Marc Chagall, "My Life"). love theme in the work of Chagall is invariably associated with the image of Bella. From the canvases of all periods of his work, including the latest (after Bella's death), her "bulging black eyes" look at us. Her features are recognizable in the faces of almost all the women depicted by him.

In May 1911, Chagall went to Paris on a scholarship received from Maxim Vinaver, where he continued to study and met avant-garde artists and poets who lived in the French capital. Here he first began to use the personal name Mark. In the summer of 1914, the artist came to Vitebsk to meet with his family and see Bella. But the war began, and the return to Europe was postponed indefinitely. On July 25, 1915, Chagall married Bella. In 1916, their daughter Ida was born, who later became a biographer and researcher of her father's work.

In September 1915, Chagall left for Petrograd, joined the Military Industrial Committee. In 1916, Chagall joined the Jewish Society for the Encouragement of Arts, and in 1917 he returned to Vitebsk with his family. After the revolution, he was appointed authorized commissar for the arts of the Vitebsk province. On January 28, 1919, the Vitebsk Art School was opened by Chagall.

In 1920, Chagall left for Moscow and settled in a "house with lions" at the corner of Likhov Lane and Sadovaya. On the recommendation of A. M. Efros, he got a job at the Moscow Jewish Chamber Theater under the direction of Alexei Granovsky. He took part in the decoration of the theater: first he painted wall paintings for the auditoriums and the lobby, and then costumes and scenery, including "Love on Stage" with a portrait of a "ballet couple". In 1921, the Granovsky Theater opened with the performance "Evening by Sholom Aleichem" designed by Chagall. In 1921, Marc Chagall worked as a teacher in the Jewish labor school-colony "III International" near Moscow for homeless children in Malakhovka.

In 1922, together with his family, he first went to Lithuania (his exhibition was held in Kaunas), and then to Germany. In the autumn of 1923, at the invitation of Ambroise Vollard, the Chagall family left for Paris. In 1937, Chagall received French citizenship.

In 1941, the management of the Museum of Modern Art in New York invited Chagall to move from Nazi-controlled France to the United States, and in the summer of 1941 the Chagall family arrived in New York. After the end of the war, the Chagalls decided to return to France. However, on September 2, 1944, Bella died of sepsis at a local hospital; nine months later, the artist painted two paintings in memory of his beloved wife: "Wedding Lights" and "Next to Her."

Relations with Virginia McNeill-Haggard, the daughter of the former British consul in the United States, began when Chagall was 58 years old, Virginia - 30 with a little. They had a son, David (in honor of one of the Chagall brothers) McNeill. In 1947, Chagall arrived with his family in France. Three years later, Virginia, taking her son, unexpectedly ran away from him with her lover.

On July 12, 1952, Chagall married "Vava" - Valentina Brodskaya, the owner of a London fashion salon and the daughter of the famous manufacturer and sugar producer Lazar Brodsky. But only Bella remained a muse all her life, until his death he refused to speak of her as dead.

Marc Chagall won the Erasmus Prize in 1960

Since the 1960s, Chagall has mainly switched to monumental art forms - mosaics, stained-glass windows, tapestries, and also became interested in sculpture and ceramics. In the early 1960s, commissioned by the Israeli government, Chagall created mosaics and tapestries for the parliament building in Jerusalem. After this success, he received many orders for the design of Catholic, Lutheran churches and synagogues throughout Europe, America and Israel.

In 1964, Chagall painted the ceiling of the Paris Grand Opera by order of French President Charles de Gaulle, in 1966 he created two panels for the Metropolitan Opera in New York, and in Chicago he decorated the building of the National Bank with the Four Seasons mosaic (1972). In 1966, Chagall moved to a house built especially for him, which served at the same time as a workshop, located in the province of Nice - Saint-Paul-de-Vence.

In 1973, at the invitation of the Ministry of Culture Soviet Union Chagall visited Leningrad and Moscow. He organized an exhibition at the Tretyakov Gallery. The artist presented the Tretyakov Gallery and the Museum of Fine Arts. A. S. Pushkin his works.

In 1977, Marc Chagall was awarded the highest award of France - the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor, and in 1977-1978 an exhibition of the artist's works was held in the Louvre, timed to coincide with the artist's 90th birthday. Against all odds, the Louvre exhibited works by a still-living author.

Chagall died on March 28, 1985 at the age of 98 in Saint-Paul-de-Vence. Buried at the local cemetery. Until the end of his life, "Vitebsk" motifs were traced in his work. There is a "Chagall Committee", which includes four of his heirs. There is no complete catalog of the artist's works.

1997 - the first exhibition of the artist in Belarus.

Ceiling painting of the Paris Opera Garnier

The ceiling, located in the auditorium of one of the buildings of the Paris Opera, the Opera Garnier, was painted by Marc Chagall in 1964. In 1963, the Minister of Culture of France, Andre Malraux, ordered painting for the 77-year-old Chagall. There were many objections to the fact that a Jew from Belarus worked on the French national monument, as well as to the fact that a building of historical value was painted by an artist with a non-classical style of writing.

Chagall worked on the project for about a year. As a result, approximately 200 kilograms of paint were used up, and the canvas area occupied 220 square meters. The plafond was attached to the ceiling at a height of more than 21 meters.

The plafond was divided by the artist into five sectors: white, blue, yellow, red and green. The main motifs of Chagall's work were traced in the painting - musicians, dancers, lovers, angels and animals. Each of the five sectors contained the plot of one or two classical operas or ballets:

White sector - "Pelleas and Melicent", Claude Debussy
Blue sector - "Boris Godunov", Modest Mussorgsky; The Magic Flute, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Yellow sector - "Swan Lake", Pyotr Tchaikovsky; "Giselle", Charles Adam
Red sector - "The Firebird", Igor Stravinsky; Daphnis and Chloe Maurice Ravel
Green sector - "Romeo and Juliet", Hector Berlioz; Tristan and Isolde, Richard Wagner

In the central circle of the ceiling, around the chandelier, there are characters from Bizet's Carmen, as well as characters from operas by Ludwig van Beethoven, Giuseppe Verdi and K. V. Gluck.

The painting of the plafond is also decorated with Parisian architectural sights: the Arc de Triomphe, the Eiffel Tower, the Bourbon Palace and the Opera Garnier. The painted ceiling was solemnly presented to the audience on September 23, 1964. More than 2,000 people attended the opening.

Creativity Chagall

The main guiding element in the work of Marc Chagall is his national Jewish self-awareness, which for him is inextricably linked with his vocation. " If I were not a Jew, as I understand it, I would not be an artist or would be a completely different artist", - he formulated his position in one of the essays.

From his first teacher, Yudel Pan, Chagall received the idea of a national artist; national temperament found expression in the features of its figurative structure. Chagall's artistic techniques are based on the visualization of Yiddish sayings and the embodiment of images of Jewish folklore. Chagall introduces elements of Jewish interpretation even into the depiction of Christian subjects (Holy Family, 1910, Chagall Museum; Dedication to Christ / Calvary /, 1912, Museum of Modern Art, New York, White Crucifix, 1938, Chicago) - a principle to which he remained true to the end of his life.

In addition to artistic creativity, Chagall published poems, journalistic essays and memoirs in Yiddish throughout his life. Some of them were translated into Hebrew, Belarusian, Russian, English and French.

About M. Chagall

The film “The Age of Marc Chagall” by the author’s cycle by Oleg Lukashevich (the cycle “The Age” tells about outstanding personalities who were born on the territory of Belarus and made a significant contribution to world culture, science, politics) was recognized as the best documentary at the IX Eurasian Teleforum in Moscow, and was awarded a diploma and a medal.
Google Doodle
The film "Chagall - Malevich" directed by A. Mitta, 2014

Memory

In 1992, a house-museum was opened in Vitebsk, Chagall's homeland.
Liner Airbus A321 (VP-BUP) airline "Aeroflot" "M. Chagall.
On March 28, 2014, on the facade of the house in St. Petersburg, where Chagall and his wife Bella lived from 1915 to 1918 (Perekupny per., 7), a memorial plaque in the form of a painter's palette was installed.
In March 2016, an embankment in Moscow was named after Chagall.
On July 6-7, 2017, the 130th anniversary of the birth of Marc Chagall was celebrated in Vitebsk..

A family

first wife - Bella Rosenfeld (12/15/1889 or 1895 - 09/2/1944)
- only daughter Ida, father's biographer; first marriage (Michelle Gordy) childless, in the second (art critic Franz Meyer) - three children
Virginia Haggard (not officially in a relationship) is the mother of Chagall's only son, David McNeil, a writer and musician.
second wife, since 1952 - Valentina Grigorievna Brodskaya (1905-1993).

Books and albums

Kamensky A. A. Marc Chagall and Russia. - M.: Knowledge, 1988. - 56 p.
Marc Chagall. Album / intro. Art. D. V. Sarabyanova. - M.: art, 1988. - 46 p.
Apchinskaya Natalia. Marc Chagall. Graphic arts. - M.: Soviet artist, 1990. - 224 p. - 25,000 copies.
Marc Chagall. Album / intro. Art. D. V. Sarabyanov. - Ust-Ilimsk: Siberia, 1992. - 46 p.
Chagall. The return of the master / With intro. by Andrey Voznesensky. - M.: Soviet artist, 1988. - 326 p.
Chagall M. Z. Rooftop angel. Poetry. Prose. Articles. Performances. Letters / Comp., author. foreword, commentary, trans. from Yiddish L. Berinsky. - M.: Sovremennik, 1989. - 224 p. - 50,000 copies.
Chagall M. Z. My life. - M.: Ellis Luck, 1994. - 208 p. - 50,000 copies.
Chagall M. Z. My life. - M.: Azbuka, 2000. - 416 p. - 5000 copies.
Marc Chagall. Hello Motherland! / Tretyakov Gallery. - Skanrus, 2005. - 352 p.

Marc Chagall on Art and Culture / Ed. B. Harschava. - M.: Text, 2009. - 320 p. - (Chase collection). - 3500 copies.
Alexander Kamensky. Marc Chagall. Artist from Russia. - M.: Shamrock, 2005. - 304 p., 170 colors. ill.
Kamensky M. A. Alexander Kamensky writes about Chagall. (To the 90th anniversary of Alexander Abramovich Kamensky) // Marc Chagall and St. Petersburg: life, work, heritage: Proceedings of the international symposium. - St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the State. Hermitage, 2008. - S. 97-101.

Gallery

Illustration with Chagall's dedicatory inscription

Categories:

Mark Zakharovich Chagall - the great artist, expressionist, modernist. Born in Vitebsk (Belarus) on June 24, 1887. A painter, graphic artist and illustrator, he often created completely surreal works. Despite the fact that most of the paintings were created on biblical themes, the style of execution still seems to many to be very bold and unusual.

The first teacher of Chagall was the Vitebsk painter Yu. M. Pen. Soon Mark went to St. Petersburg, where he entered the school of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts. He was extremely interested in all trends in art, at an early stage neo-primitivism, under the impression of which he created his first canvases, which now hang in European museums: The Dead Man, Portrait of My Bride in Black Gloves, Family and others.

In 1910, Marc Chagall moved to Paris. Here he makes friends with such poets and writers as: G. Apollinaire, B. Cendrars, M. Jacob, A. Salmon. Apollinaire even called his art supernaturalism.

Chagall, despite the fact that he spent part of his life in France, always called himself a Russian artist and constantly sent his paintings to Russian exhibitions. In Paris, he added well-studied cubism and orphism to his unique style. All this contributed to its greater development. The paintings of this time are distinguished by a tense emotional atmosphere, spirituality and a bright subtext to the cycle of being - life and death, eternal and momentary.

In 1914 the artist returned to Vitebsk, where he found the beginning of the First World War. Here he lived, worked and created his immortal works until 1941. Then, at the invitation of the museum, he moved with his family to America. In America, Marc Chagall worked on theatrical sketches and design of theatrical productions. In 1948 he finally moved to France. Near Nice, he built his own workshop - now it is the National Museum of France, dedicated to the great artist. In Saint-Paul-de-Vence, the artist died on 03/28/1985.