Nekrasov's biography briefly the most important thing 10. Nekrasov's brief biography the most important thing

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on November 28 (December 10), 1821 in the town of Nemirov, Podolsk province, into a wealthy family of a landowner. The writer spent his childhood years in the Yaroslavl province, the village of Greshnevo, in the family estate. The family was large - the future poet had 13 sisters and brothers.

At the age of 11, he entered the gymnasium, where he studied until the 5th grade. With the study of the young Nekrasov did not work out. It was during this period that Nekrasov began to write his first poems of satirical content and write them down in a notebook.

Education and the beginning of a creative path

The poet's father was cruel and despotic. He deprived Nekrasov of material assistance when he did not want to enter military service. In 1838, in the biography of Nekrasov, he moved to St. Petersburg, where he entered the university as a volunteer at the Faculty of Philology. In order not to die of hunger, experiencing a great need for money, he finds part-time jobs, gives lessons and writes poems to order.

During this period, he met the critic Belinsky, who would later have a strong ideological influence on the writer. At the age of 26, Nekrasov, together with the writer Panaev, bought the Sovremennik magazine. The magazine quickly became popular and had a significant impact in society. In 1862, the government issued a ban on its publication.

Literary activity

Having accumulated enough funds, Nekrasov published the debut collection of his poems Dreams and Sounds (1840), which failed. Vasily Zhukovsky advised most of the poems in this collection to be printed without the author's name. After that, Nikolai Nekrasov decides to move away from poetry and take up prose, writes novels and short stories. The writer is also engaged in the publication of some almanacs, in one of which Fyodor Dostoevsky made his debut. The most successful almanac was Petersburg Collection (1846).

In 1847 - 1866 he was the publisher and editor of the Sovremennik magazine, in which the best writers of that time worked. The journal was a hotbed of revolutionary democracy. Working at Sovremennik, Nekrasov publishes several collections of his poems. The works "Peasant Children", "Pedlars" bring him wide popularity.

On the pages of the Sovremennik magazine, such talents as Ivan Turgenev, Ivan Goncharov, Alexander Herzen, Dmitry Grigorovich and others were discovered. The already famous Alexander Ostrovsky, Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin, Gleb Uspensky were printed in it. Thanks to Nikolai Nekrasov and his journal, Russian literature learned the names of Fyodor Dostoevsky and Leo Tolstoy.

In the 1840s, Nekrasov collaborated with the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine, and in 1868, after the closure of the Sovremennik magazine, he rented it from the publisher Kraevsky. The last ten years of the writer's life were associated with this magazine. At this time, Nekrasov wrote the epic poem “Who Lives Well in Russia” (1866-1876), as well as “Russian Women” (1871-1872), “Grandfather” (1870) - poems about the Decembrists and their wives, and some other satirical works , the peak of which was the poem "Contemporaries" (1875).

Nekrasov wrote about the suffering and grief of the Russian people, about the difficult life of the peasantry. He also introduced a lot of new things to Russian literature, in particular, he used simple Russian in his works. colloquial speech. This undoubtedly showed the richness of the Russian language, which came from the people. In poetry, he first began to combine satire, lyrics and elegiac motifs. In short, the poet's work has made an invaluable contribution to the development of Russian classical poetry and literature in general.

Personal life

In the life of the poet there were several love affairs: with the owner of the literary salon Avdotya Panaeva, the Frenchwoman Selina Lefren, the village girl Fyokla Viktorova.

One of the most beautiful women Petersburg and the wife of the writer Ivan Panaev, Avdotya Panaeva, was liked by many men, and the young Nekrasov had to make a lot of efforts to win her attention. Finally, they confess their love to each other and begin to live together. After the early death of their common son, Avdotya leaves Nekrasov. And he leaves for Paris with the French theater actress Selina Lefren, whom he had known since 1863. She remains in Paris, while Nekrasov returns to Russia. However, their romance continues at a distance. Later, he meets a simple and uneducated girl from the village - Fyokla (Nekrasov gives her the name Zina), with whom they later got married.

Nekrasov had many novels, but the main woman in the biography of Nikolai Nekrasov was not his legal wife, but Avdotya Yakovlevna Panaeva, whom he loved all his life.

last years of life

In 1875, the poet was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. In the painful years before his death, he wrote "Last Songs" - a cycle of poems that the poet dedicated to his wife and last love, Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova. The writer died on December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878) and was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Chronological table

• The writer did not like some of his own works, and he asked not to include them in the collections. But friends and publishers urged Nekrasov not to exclude any of them. Perhaps that is why the attitude towards his work among critics is very contradictory - not everyone considered his works to be brilliant.
• Nekrasov was fond of playing cards, and quite often he was lucky in this matter. Once, playing for money with A. Chuzhbinsky, Nikolai Alekseevich lost a large sum of money to him. As it turned out later, the cards were marked with the enemy's long fingernail. After this incident, Nekrasov decided not to play with people who have long nails anymore.
• Hunting was another passion of the writer. Nekrasov liked to go on a bear, to hunt game. This hobby resonated in some of his works (“Peddlers”, “Hound Hunting”, etc.) Once Nekrasov’s wife, Zina, accidentally shot his beloved dog while hunting. At the same time, Nikolai Alekseevich's passion for hunting came to an end.
• A huge number of people gathered at the funeral of Nekrasov. In his speech, Dostoevsky awarded Nekrasov the third place in Russian poetry after

Very short biography (in a nutshell)

Born December 10, 1821 in Nemirov, Podolsk province. Father - Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov (1788-1862), lieutenant. Mother - Elena Andreevna Zakrevskaya (1801-1841). In 1832 he entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium. From 1839 to 1841 he studied at St. Petersburg University. He died on January 8, 1878, at the age of 56 in St. Petersburg. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in St. Petersburg. The main works: “Who should live well in Russia”, “Grandfather Mazai and hares”, “Frost, red nose”, “Russian women”, “Peasant children”, “Grandfather” and others.

Brief biography (detailed)

Nikolai Nekrasov is a Russian poet, writer, essayist and classic of Russian literature. In addition, Nekrasov was a democratic revolutionary, head of the Sovremennik magazine and editor of the Domestic Notes magazine. The most famous work of the writer is the poem-novel "To whom in Russia to live well."

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was born on December 10, 1821 in Nemirov into a noble family. The writer spent his childhood in the Yaroslavl province. At the age of 11, he entered the Yaroslavl gymnasium, where he studied for 5 years.

The writer's father was a rather despotic person. When Nikolai refused to become a military man at the insistence of his father, he was deprived of material support.

At the age of 17, the writer moved to St. Petersburg, where, in order to survive, he wrote poems to order. During this period he met Belinsky. When Nekrasov was 26 years old, together with the literary critic Panaev, he bought the Sovremennik magazine. The magazine quickly gained momentum and had big influence in society. However, in 1862 the government forbade its publication.

While working at Sovremennik, several collections of Nekrasov's poems were published. Among them are those that brought him fame in wide circles. For example, "Peasant Children" and "Pedlars". In the 1840s, Nekrasov also began to collaborate with the Otechestvennye Zapiski magazine, and in 1868 he rented it from Kraevsky.

In the same period, he wrote the poem “Who in Russia should live well”, as well as “Russian Women”, “Grandfather” and more. whole line satirical works, including the popular poem "Contemporaries".

In 1875, the poet became terminally ill. AT last years he worked on a cycle of poems "Last Songs", which he dedicated to his wife and last love Zinaida Nikolaevna Nekrasova. The writer died on January 8, 1878 and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Role and place in literature

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov is a famous Russian poet, prose writer, critic, publisher of the 19th century. Nekrasov's literary activity contributed to the development of Russian literary language. In his writings, he used both folklore traditions and new speech elements. The poet is considered an innovator in the field of literary genres. His folk, satirical poems have become an important contribution to the golden fund of Russian literature.

Origin and early years

Nekrasov was born on December 10, 1821 in the city of Nemirov. The future poet came from a noble family, formerly rich.

Father - Alexei Sergeevich Nekrasov, an army officer, a wealthy landowner. He had a weakness for gambling and women. Father could not serve good moral example: had a cruel violent character, typical of feudal lords. He mistreated the serfs, made his wife and children suffer.

Mother - Elena Andreevna Nekrasova (nee Zakrevskaya), heiress of a wealthy possessor of the Kherson province. She was educated and pretty. She liked the young officer Alexei Sergeevich, but her parents were against marriage. Then the woman decided to marry without their consent. However family life with a despotic husband has become a nightmare.

The childhood of Nikolai Alekseevich took place in the family estate in the village of Greshnevo. He grew up in a large family. In addition to him, the parents had 12 more children. However, the atmosphere was not favorable: the father constantly mocked the serfs, did not respect his family. The precarious financial situation forced Alexei Sergeevich to take the post of police officer. He traveled around the neighborhood and beat out arrears from the peasants. Father often took little Nikolai with him to work, perhaps to show what a landowner should be like. However, the future poet, on the contrary, was forever inflamed with hatred for the feudal lords and pity for the common people.

Education

When Nekrasov was 11 years old, he was sent to study at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. He stayed there until 5th grade. He did not study very well, did not get along with the school administration, which was unhappy with his satirical rhymes.

In 1838, his father sent his 17-year-old son to St. Petersburg to enter the noble regiment. However, Nikolai did not share his father's dream of a military career. Having met a friend from the gymnasium, who became a student, he also wanted to study. Therefore, Nekrasov violates his father's order and tries to enter St. Petersburg University, but to no avail. He becomes a volunteer lecturer. A strict father does not forgive his son and stops providing him with money. Young Nekrasov is now forced to fight for survival. He spent most of his time looking for a job. By chance, he found a way to make money - he wrote petitions for pennies.

Creation

Having lived independently for several years in need, Nekrasov gradually began to get out of it with the help of literary talent. He gave private lessons, published short articles in periodicals. The first successes inspired the young man - and he is seriously thinking about literary activity: tries himself in poetry and prose. At first, Nikolai writes in a romantic direction, imitating the best representatives, which later will become the basis for developing his own realistic method.

In 1840, with the support of his comrades, Nekrasov published his first book entitled Dreams and Sounds. The poems were a clear imitation of the romantic works of famous poets. The critic Belinsky gave a negative assessment of the book, although he noted that the poems of the young poet "came out of the soul." Not only critics, but also readers did not take Nekrasov's poetic debut seriously. This upset Nikolai so much that he himself bought up his books in order to destroy them, as the famous Gogol once did.

After a poetic failure, Nekrasov tries his hand at prose. In his works, he displayed a personal life experience, so the images turned out to be true and therefore close to the people.

Nekrasov tries himself in different genres, including humorous: he writes joke poems and vaudeville.

Publishing activities also attracted a multifaceted writer.

Major works

The poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" is a very important work in the creative heritage of Nikolai Nekrasov. It was written between 1866 and 1876. main idea poems - search happy person in Russia. The work reflected the true situation of the people in the post-reform period.

Of the many poems by Nekrasov, schoolchildren can be offered the work "On the Road" for study. This is an early work by Nekrasov, but the author's style is already visible in it.

Last years

In 1875, Nekrasov was diagnosed with a terrible disease - intestinal cancer. His last works are a cycle of poems "Last Songs" dedicated to his wife. The poet died on December 27, 1877.

Chronological table (by dates)

Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov Born October 10 (November 28), 1821 in Ukraine, not far from Vinnitsa, in the town of Nemirov. The boy was not even three years old when his father, a Yaroslavl landowner and retired officer, moved his family to the Greshnevo family estate. Childhood passed here - among the apple trees of a vast garden, near the Volga, which Nekrasov called the cradle, and next to the famous Sibirka, or Vladimirka, which he recalled: "Everything that walked and rode along it and was led, starting with postal troikas and ending with prisoners chained, escorted by escorts, was the constant food of our childish curiosity."

1832 - 1837 - studying at the Yaroslavl gymnasium. Nekrasov studies averagely, periodically conflicting with his superiors because of his satirical poems.

In 1838 it began literary life that lasted forty years.

1838 - 1840 - Nikolai Nekrasov volunteer student of the philological faculty of St. Petersburg University. Upon learning of this, the father deprives him of material support. According to Nekrasov's own recollections, he lived in poverty for about three years, surviving on small odd jobs. At the same time, the poet enters the literary and journalistic circles of St. Petersburg.

Also in 1838, the first publication of Nekrasov took place. The poem "Thought" is published in the magazine "Son of the Fatherland". Later, several poems appear in the Library for Reading, then in the Literary Supplements to the Russian Invalid.
Nekrasov's poems appeared in print in 1838, in 1840 on his own funds the first collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds", signed "N.N.", was published. The collection was not successful even after criticism by V.G. Belinsky in "Notes of the Fatherland" was destroyed by Nekrasov and became a bibliographic rarity.

For the first time, his attitude to the living conditions of the poorest sections of the Russian population and outright slavery was expressed in the poem "Govorun" (1843). From this period, Nekrasov began to write poems of a virtually social orientation, which censorship became interested in a little later. Such anti-serfdom poems appeared as "The Coachman's Tale", "Motherland", "Before the Rain", "Troika", "Gardener". The poem "Motherland" was immediately banned by censors, but was distributed in manuscripts and became especially popular among revolutionaries. Belinsky appreciated this poem so highly that he was completely delighted.

With the borrowed money, the poet, together with the writer Ivan Panaev, rented the Sovremennik magazine in the winter of 1846. Young progressive writers and all those who hated serfdom flock to the journal. The first issue of the new Sovremennik took place in January 1847. It was the first magazine in Russia expressing revolutionary democratic ideas and, most importantly, having a coherent and clear program of action. In the very first issues, "The Thieving Magpie" and "Who is to blame?" Herzen, stories from Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter, Belinsky's articles and many other works of the same kind. Nekrasov published "Hound Hunting" from his works.

The influence of the magazine grew every year, until in 1862 the government suspended its publication, and then completely banned the magazine.

In 1866 Sovremennik was closed. Nekrasov in 1868 acquired the right to publish the journal Otechestvennye Zapiski, with which the last years of his life were associated. ), "Russian Women" (1871-1872), wrote a series of satirical works, the top of which was the poem "Contemporaries" (1878).

The last years of the poet's life were covered by elegiac motifs associated with the loss of friends, the realization of loneliness, and a serious illness. During this period, works appear: "Three Elegies" (1873), "Morning", "Despondency", "Elegy" (1874), "Prophet" (1874), "To the Sowers" (1876). In 1877, a cycle of poems "Last Songs" was created.

The funeral of Nekrasov at the Novodevichy Cemetery in St. Petersburg acquired the character of a socio-political manifestation. Dostoevsky, P. V. Zasodimsky, G. V. Plekhanov, and others delivered speeches at the funeral service. In 1881, a monument was erected on the grave (sculptor M. A. Chizhov).

Streets were named after Nekrasov: in St. Petersburg in 1918 (former Basseynaya, see Nekrasov Street), in Rybatsky, Pargolovo. His name was given to Library No. 9 of the Smolninsky District and Pedagogical School No. 1. In 1971, a monument to Nekrasov was unveiled at the corner of Nekrasov Street and Grechesky Prospekt (sculptor L. Yu. Eidlin, architect V. S. Vasilkovsky).

Nikolay Alekseevich Nekrasov- Russian poet, occupying a special place among the realist writers of the 19th century, publicist. Sympathetic to his people, sensitive to any injustice and other people's pain. The writer who portrayed a diverse and truthful picture Everyday life ordinary people. All this perfectly characterizes Nekrasov, a talented literary figure known to us. He used folklore, prose and song intonations in his poetry, showed all the richness of a simple peasant language.
The future poet was born in the small beautiful Ukrainian town of Nemirov (not far from Vinnitsa) on November 28, 1821. Even in early childhood, the family moved to the father's family estate, in the village of Greshnevo, in the Yaroslavl province. Nekrasov's father, an officer in the past, and a wealthy landowner, was a tough and even despotic person to his liking. Both the serfs and the whole family suffered from it. Mother, on the contrary, was an educated, sensitive woman. She instilled in her son a love of literature. In 1832, Nekrasov was sent to study at the gymnasium. At this time, he began to write his first compositions. But science was not given to the boy very well, besides, he clashed with teachers.
After five years of study, his father decided to send Nicholas to military school. And in 1838, the young man went to St. Petersburg to enter the military service. But instead, violating the will of his father, the young man tries to enter the university. But the attempt was unsuccessful, Nekrasov could not pass the entrance exams. Therefore, he began to attend classes as a volunteer at the Faculty of Philology. Upon learning of such self-willedness of his son, Nekrasov the father deprived him of financial support. And the future poet was forced to look for a job, working in various publications at a low-paid job.

In 1840 the first collection of poems "Dreams and Sounds" was published, which was not very flatteringly received by critics. From that time began a period of hard, hard work in the life of the poet. Nekrasov writes stories, theatrical reviews, plays, feuilletons. At this time, he begins to understand that it is necessary to write about the real life of the people. In 1841 the writer works in Otechestvennye Zapiski. And 1845-1846. were marked by the publication of two almanacs - "Physiology of Petersburg" and "Petersburg Collection".
Since 1847 and up to 1866. Nekrasov was the editor of Sovremennik, the magazine of the democratic forces of the time. As a talented organizer and outstanding writer, Nekrasov attracted Turgenev, Belinsky, Herzen, Chernyshevsky and others to work in the journal. At the same time, a new direction in the poet's work was being formed. It affects vital social problems ordinary people, realistically depicts pictures of everyday hard life. A special place in his work is given to the role of women in society, her difficult fate. All these topics are revealed in the poems “On the street”, “ Railway”, “Peasant Children”, “Frost, Red Nose”, etc. The democratic influence of the magazine on the minds of people was so great that in 1862. the government suspended its activities. And in 1866. The magazine was closed completely.
In 1868 Nekrasov acquired the right to publish Fatherland Notes. His work in the last years of his life is also connected with this journal. At this time, the works “Who Lives Well in Russia”, “Russian Women”, “Grandfather” were published. Satirical works were also created, among which was the poem Sovremennik, which denounced bourgeois bureaucrats and hypocrites. Nekrasov also embraces elegiac moods, which is largely due to his illness, the loss of friends, and the onset of loneliness. This period of the poet's work was marked by the appearance of the poems "Morning", "Elegy", "Prophet". The last composition was the cycle of poems "Last Songs".
On December 27, 1877, the poet died in St. Petersburg. The loss of a talented writer was so great that his funeral turned into a kind of public manifesto.