Task 8.
What is the symbolic meaning of the expression "in the seventh century of Trojan"?
Who is the Troyan, mentioned in the "Tale of Igor's Campaign", is not exactly known.
The ages of Trojan symbolize the time of the origin Kievan Rus, the time of the founding of Kyiv. The expression "seventh century" is used in a figurative, symbolic sense. The seventh century is the last century of the existence of the world. The indication that Vseslav acts in the seventh, last century of the existence of the land of Troyan is evidence that the Polotsk prince is considered the author of the Tale of Igor's Campaign, one of the perpetrators of the death of Kievan Rus, which broke up into a number of independent principalities as a result of bloody civil strife.
In the interpretation of Academician D.S. Likhachev "the land of Troyan" is identified with the Russian land, and the 7th century of Troyan is the designation of the last century of paganism in Russia in connection with the symbolic meaning of the seventh as the last.
Task 8.
Why did the image of Yaroslavna from The Tale of Igor's Campaign enter the gallery of classic examples of Russian literature?
The image of Yaroslavna from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" entered the gallery of classic examples of Russian literature, because she is a symbol of fidelity, devotion and love.
She is the bearer of a lyrical, feminine beginning. Peace, family ties and love are associated with it. Her image is clearly revealed in crying. Yaroslavna mourns her husband who is in trouble. She is ready to fly around the expanses of Russian and Polovtsian lands in search of him. She not only mourns her husband, but hopes to bring him back from captivity with the help of powerful natural forces: the Wind Sail, the Dnieper Slavutich, the crackling sun. These natural forces are personified. Therefore, the cry of Yaroslavna is both a conspiracy and a spell. She speaks with praise, conjures them. This is a complex triune genre formation: lamentation, conspiracy, prayer. In Yaroslavna's appeals there is a gradation, an increase, an increase in action, an effect. Yaroslavna prayed for help and influenced fate with a word - Igor escaped from captivity.
Task 8.
Can the image of Prince Igor be called ideal?
The image of Igor in The Tale of Igor's Campaign is completely devoid of any idealization.
On the one hand, the author creates the image of an epic hero, for whom the main thing is military honor and knightly dignity; he sings of his courage and courage and makes readers feel love and compassion for his hero. On the other hand, the prince is a man of his time. Attractive qualities his personalities are in conflict with recklessness and selfishness, since the prince cares about his honor more than about the honor of his homeland. That is why, despite the apparent personal sympathy for Prince Igor, the author nevertheless emphasizes in the hero not the individual, but the general, which makes him related to other princes like him, whose pride and short-sightedness led to internecine struggle, strife and, ultimately, to the loss of unity Russia as a state.
Task 8.
The idea of unity, patriotism and humanism sounds in the Word. The author does not simply describe the events, but shows why the Russian land won the two-century struggle, and now the Polovtsians. He conveys his anxiety and calls for the defense of the Fatherland and an end to the strife. With his work, the author tries to show people that we will be strong only when we unite. But the strength of people is in the freedom of moral choice between good and evil, in the ability to overpower, overcome selfish inclinations in themselves and take the side of a just cause, for the good of the Motherland. This ability is valued by the author of the Lay above all else and endowed with the highest reward - the love of the fatherland, the love of the people. The singer directly and boldly points to the real reasons for the defeat and proposes to eliminate them by the political unification of the princes, the development of a sense of citizenship and honor.
Task 9.
The author of The Tale of Igor's Campaign has an ambiguous attitude towards his hero. For the author, Igor is a brave but short-sighted commander who leads his troops on a campaign doomed to failure. Igor loves his homeland, Russia, but his main motivation is the desire for personal glory: “Passion seized the prince’s mind, and the desire to taste Don the Great obscured his omen.”
An example of the author's contradictory attitude towards the hero can be seen in the epic novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". On the one hand, L.N. Tolstoy condemns Dolokhov's dishonest and vile acts towards Pierre and Nikolai Rostov, on the other hand, he shows him as a man capable of loving, a caring son and brother.
The attitude of I.S. Turgenev to the protagonist of the novel "Fathers and Sons" Yevgeny Bazarov. The author sympathizes with Bazarov for his honesty, for independence of judgment and independence, but does not accept the nihilistic views that the hero defends, his attitude to nature and art, the world and people in general.
Task 9.
What is the meaning of Svyatoslav's dream and what plot events does it reflect?
The dream of Svyatoslav is a prophetic dream, he predicts the death of Igor's army and the capture of Igor himself. The symbolic system of the dream is based on the ancient beliefs of the Slavs: pearls in a dream portend quick tears, a torn top (“prince”) from the princely tower - impending death, since the house lost its integrity, turned out to be open to hostile forces. Empty quivers directly indicate the reason for Igor's defeat: the surrounded soldiers ran out of arrows, and they were powerless against the Polovtsians. Endowed with symbolic meanings, both colors (black shroud) and acoustic background (raven "gray"): they are designed to convey the grief and sorrow that await Svyatoslav after awakening.
The artistic function of Svyatoslav's Dream is to justify the latter's right to the "golden word", in which he acts as a unifier of Russian princes in the fight against enemies.
Task 9.
What works of RUSSIAN literature use DREAMS of characters and what are the main functions of dreams in them?
Tatiana's dream in A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" helps the reader to more accurately imagine the inner world of the heroine and portends future plot events - Onegin's quarrel with Lensky and the death of the young poet. In I. A. Goncharov's novel "Oblomov", Ilya Ilyich's dream is a dream-memory, the story of the hero's childhood and at the same time the image of the idyllic world that he lost when he left Oblomovka. Raskolnikov's dreams in "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky, on the one hand, are woven into reality (the beating of a fallen horse on a St. Raskolnikov cannot kill) and with their nightmarishness they refute the harmonious theoretical constructions of the character about the right to kill.
Task 9.
In what works of Russian classics were dreams used as the most important means of poetics?
Sleep is one of the leading means of poetics in literature. Through a dream, on the one hand, it is possible to reveal the inner world of the hero, and on the other hand, with the help of dream allegories, to encrypt the true meaning of what is happening. Almost every major work of Russian literature uses the technique of sleep. Examples include Margarita's dream in Bulgakov's novel, Petya Rostov's dream in Tolstoy's War and Peace, and Raskolnikov's dream in Crime and Punishment. The story "The Undertaker" by Pushkin is completely based on the reception of sleep.
Task 9.
What works of Russian literature of the 20th century use the image of a wolf, and what is the originality of the poetic position of the author of The Tale of Igor's Campaign?
The images of wild animals in various national cultures are very stable, which is due to the beliefs and ideas of peoples. These images have received artistic comprehension in literature. We find confirmation of what has been said in Ch. Aitmatov's novel "The Block". The author does not romanticize the image of Akbara, but mythologically saturates it: the she-wolf-mother opposes the person who brings destruction and death to nature.
The image of a wolf is also presented in V. Rasputin's story "Live and Remember". Here the wolf and the man are identical to each other. The image of the wolf appears in the text as a greedy predator and a fierce enemy of man. He is like a man who betrayed his homeland and home.
In "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", in contrast to the above-mentioned works, the motif of werewolf sounds. Consequently, the image of the wolf here is based on pagan and mythological ideas.
Task 9.
In what works of Russian literature of the 20th century can one find features of the “military tale” genre, as in The Tale of Igor's Campaign? (Justify your answer)
This genre of heroic epic is characterized by the following features: military heroism (glorification of military prowess), military terminology, characteristic vocabulary used in describing battles, as well as certain stylistic formulas: gathering troops, going on a campaign, battle, defeat, captivity, victory, return home .
The “Word” also uses military terminology to describe the armament of Igor’s squad, military units, stages of the battle: sword, stele, helmet, spear, banner, squad, regiment. The author glorifies the military prowess of the Russian princes.
The unifying moment for the ancient genre of the military story and literature of the middle of the 20th century is the patriotic theme in the most important and high sense of the word. Hard military everyday life, where the war itself is equated with hard work, friendship proven by blood, the innumerable feats of Russian soldiers (combatants) and commanders (military leaders), their courage and steadfastness, sorrow and memory of what they have experienced, a call for peace - such is the range of topics that reflected in military stories, in the "Word" and in a number of works about the Great Patriotic War: Sholokhov "The Fate of Man", V. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad", Bondarev "Battalions ask for fire."
Compiled by: S.N. Mishchenko
“The Tale of Igor's Campaign” is a chronicle that is still relevant in our time. Many people are proud of their homeland. Many are ready to give their lives for the peace and tranquility of their native land. The author of this work describes the era of the past in detail. Each character has its own character, strengths and weaknesses. Each character makes this work interesting and rich.
The main character of The Tale of Igor's Campaign is Prince Igor. The old Russian prince ruled the big city of Novgorod and was a worthy son of Svyatoslav Olegovich. Prince Igor was married to Princess Yaroslavna, daughter of Yaroslav Galitsky, who played an important role in this literary work.
In the story, the author tells us about the period in the life of Prince Igor, when he went with an army on a campaign against the Polovtsians. The campaign turns out to be unsuccessful, the army is defeated, and Prince Igor himself is captured, from which he manages to get out.
The description of Prince Igor in The Tale of Igor's Campaign makes it possible to draw up a clear image of the prince. The author describes Igor to us as a young thirty-four-year-old prince. Igor is not only a prince, but also a brave and strong warrior who fought desperately for his homeland. Despite the wounds, Igor did not leave the battlefield and encouraged his soldiers. This once again emphasizes his courage and speaks of the courage of the prince. Despite all the positive qualities, the author of the work points to the fervent ardor of the prince, and presents the attack on the Polovtsians as a reckless act filled with courage. Such an act causes the fury of the Polovtsy and their attack on Russia. The thirst for glory makes Igor act thoughtlessly and selfishly.
Regarding this act of Prince Igor, opinions differed. Some researchers believe that the prince is a patriot and defender of the fatherland, while others scold him for a thoughtless and untimely act that crossed out the achievements of Svyatoslav of Kyiv.
However, love for the motherland, as well as the desire to protect his native land, makes Igor decide to escape. I think that all the actions of Igor were for the good of the Motherland, so Igor so passionately wanted to return from captivity and restore his former glory. Love for the motherland did not stop Igor even during a solar eclipse, which is a bad sign before the battle.
Igor's return home is perceived by the people as a real holiday. By this the author shows the patriotism of the Russian people. And the fragmented native land remains spiritually united. Love for the motherland is felt on every page of the entire work.
Despite the defeat, Prince Igor is a hero close to me. His courage and courage make him strive to protect his homeland, to love and respect. The image of Prince Igor creates a patriotic mood that was popular hundreds of years ago and is popular today. modern times. After all, courage and unshakable love for the motherland can make the Russian nation happier.
Composition about Prince Igor
The word about Igor's regiment is not just cultural heritage of all our people, this is, first of all, a guide on how not to strive for glory in the way that Igor did, that you need to put the blessings of your homeland in the foreground, and not to amuse your ambition, not to make yourself a hero, who can defeat everyone alone.
Igor is a selfish prince who really loves Russia, but who at the beginning of the work is not ready to act together with others. Despite all the warnings and even mystical signs given by the author, Igor decides to go against the Polovtsians alone and is defeated. No matter how much he loved his homeland, he loved glory more: it was for glory that he went on this campaign. The policy of the Russian princes of that time assumed that everyone was in a quarrel, discord ruled between them. If Igor were wiser, he would immediately understand that against such a strong enemy as the Polovtsy, one prince is simply not enough.
The author shows the courage and courage of Igor, the prince was really brave, not afraid of anyone who gets in his way, but his overconfidence led him to defeat. If he could overcome himself and prevent the fragmentation of Russia, then the Polovtsians would not feel weakness in the Russian state and would not attack. But everything was as it was. Fortunately, Prince Igor can still fix everything.
Being a prisoner of the Polovtsy, the prince ponders a lot, analyzes his decisions, and when he returns to Kyiv, he comes back as a different person. No matter how much he wants fame, no matter how much he pulls the blanket over himself, he still understands that the only way to victory is unity. It was Igor who allowed that discord in the state, because of which the Polovtsy attacked weak Russia, so the prince decides not to waste his energy on civil strife and unites with other princes, whom they all meet together in Kyiv.
Igor's victory over his egoism is a lesson that the author gives us. There are things that are much more important than our pride, for which you need to be not just so brave as to thoughtlessly give your life, but for the sake of which you need to overcome your egoism and unite with those who are even unpleasant for us in the name of a common goal. Unity is here main idea author.
Image 3
"The Tale of Igor's Campaign" is an original work from the times of Kievan Rus, a monument of ancient Russian literature. The poem occupies one of the leading places in the heroic epic of world literature. It stands next to the monuments, both Indian and Iranian epics.
The main character of the poem is Prince Igor. Events in the spotlight unsuccessful trip Prince Igor Svyatoslavovich of Novgorod-Siversky against the Polovtsians in 1185. Deciding on this campaign, the prince does not take into account the foreshadowing of the Volkhov. The eclipse of the sun was supposed to stop Igor, the campaign would not have taken place. The prince looked at the bright sun, and all his soldiers were covered in darkness. The sun with its darkness closed the road to Igor's squad. The night groaned like a thunderstorm, woke the birds, a wild whistle rose nearby.
But Igor is a purposeful and courageous person. He does not cancel his princely word. He says that it is better to be killed than captured, and that he wants to drink water from the Don. The statement itself testifies to the desire of Prince Igor to defeat the Polovtsy.
In the poem, Igor is compared to a brave falcon. He loves his native land, he is brave, courageous, strives to defend the freedom of his homeland. But due to some excessive pride and imprudence, the princely army failed, the brave Russians ended the feast. Igor himself was captured, moved from the princely saddle to the slave saddle. And this epithet testifies to defeat. The wings of the falcons were cut off with sabers, they themselves were entangled with iron fetters. It was hard for the Russian land without Prince Igor, like a head without shoulders, how bad a body without a head.
Prince Igor is a historical figure. He devotedly loves his homeland, courageous, courageous, strong-willed, proud and open. His words, that it is better to be sweated than captured, became winged.
All his qualities of character evoke sympathy and admiration in the author and the reader. He is purposeful, strives for its embodiment, despite the forces of nature. Some negative traits Igor, as rashness, excessive pride, played a cruel joke on him. The squad under his leadership and leadership was defeated. Many mothers and wives did not wait for their husbands, sons and brothers. The whole Russian land mourns for the losses, mourns for the captive Igor. But the prince managed to escape, and he returned home. And the whole earth, all the Russians rejoiced that he had returned.
Thus, the image of Prince Igor is a vivid example of patriotism, courage, devotion to his people, his homeland.
Spring comes and winter drives away. With the advent of March, the rays of the sun begin to break through the clouds more and more often. In some places you can still see the ice, which insidiously hides under the snow. Cool air reminds that winter stubbornly does not want to leave.
I am the only child in the family, so I simply have to help my mother around the house. I'm still in school, I have enough free time. My family consists of three people: me, dad and mom. Dad works all the time, he comes home only late at night.
Peter's parents are secondary characters in the story "The Captain's Daughter". Father Andrei Petrovich retired as a major. Mother Avdotya Vasilievna was the daughter of a poor nobleman. They were landlords, they had many serfs in their possession.
Essay-reasoning on the topic "Prince Igor" in literature
"The Tale of Igor's Campaign" is a pearl of ancient Russian literature, as many researchers rightly point out. This work has absorbed all the flavor of the richest folk culture of ancient Russia. The lyrical and epic beginnings in the work are intertwined into a single picture, where the author highly artistically described historical event- Prince Igor's campaign against the Polovtsians. Since Igor from the Rurik dynasty is a real historical figure, it is especially interesting to observe how the author embodied this image, what qualities he endowed him with.
The image of Igor is a kind of model of a medieval ruler, endowed with all the characteristics of the era. He is militant, brave to the point of recklessness, but, it would seem, not a far-sighted politician. He is bursting with a sense of his own superiority, he is too self-confident, so he goes on a dangerous and risky campaign. Instead of teaming up with all his relatives and delivering a powerful blow, he goes to get some easy glory. So, Igor is conceited. Probably, this is because he is still very young and hot, and a mature person, wise by experience, should rule. Igor, on the other hand, cares more about his fame and is ready to lay down his head for the sake of prestige.
The question is, why was this reckless feat necessary? Is the monarch so limited? I think Igor is still not stupid. He suffers from an inferiority complex. He ascended the throne early, he still needs to prove to his squad and family that he can rule. The opinion of the squad was more important, since in the Middle Ages all issues were decided by force. If the warriors turn away from the prince, he will not be able to stay on the throne. Authority among warriors can only be acquired in war. At the same time, it will be clear to the family that Igor is not sewn with a bastard, that he can, if something happens, deal with other principalities.
Many researchers call the Middle Ages dark times, because the mind, the ability to compromise and the ideas of equality, which are valued today, then were not in price. Therefore, one cannot demand from Igor the presence of these qualities and thoughts. He ruled as best he could, as was customary then. Many are outraged that Igor left Yaroslavna without much sympathy, preferring feats to family happiness. But I think we don't understand that mentality today, so the trial is out of place. The relationship between the prince and princess should be perceived as a curious picture of the mores of that time: the wife had to put her experiences on display (crying is a kind of folklore genre of that time), and the husband, on the contrary, should show himself on the battlefield. A woman in those days was not at all an independent literary image: she does not even have a name, she is called by her patronymic. The man, as the personification of brute force, in the Middle Ages, on the contrary, was of great importance. Everything depended on him, because if a man allowed himself weakness, women would be driven into slavery, and other tribes would kill children and the elderly.
Illustration for "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"
Historically, Prince Igor (and he is no exception) regularly went with the army for tribute. This is another reason to earn credibility with blood. If there is no tribute, the tribes will come out of obedience, there will be no money to maintain the army. This means that the principality will not be able to defend itself and will fall apart. Therefore, Igor is not as simple as it seems. His actions are guided by the calculation characteristic of the medieval mentality.
At the end of The Tale of Igor's Campaign, the hero acquires a colossal life experience: he escaped from captivity, barely escaped death, killed the combatants. Only then the prudent, but still too hot prince understands how important unification is for Russia. He realizes that you can’t pull the blanket over yourself, you need to take care of all of Russia, if you own it. This important discovery ennobles the hero, makes him wiser.
Thus, the author depicted the evolution of the hero, his growing up. We see how, using the prince as an example, he shows the need to unite Russia and the Rurik family, because internecine wars create a vulnerability that external enemies take advantage of. Igor goes through bitter experience and becomes a capable ruler, and the historical basis at our disposal confirms that the hero's prototype evolved in the same way.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!The writing
More than eight centuries ago, in 1187, The Tale of Igor's Campaign was created - undoubtedly the most significant work of ancient Russian literature, its most artistically striking monument. Opened for the first time to the Russian reader only at the beginning of the 19th century, The Word ... has since attracted researchers, readers, connoisseurs and connoisseurs of ancient Russian literature more than once. Over the two centuries that have elapsed since the opening of The Word .. by A. Musin-Pushkin, this work has been translated into modern Russian more than once and continues to be relevant for new generations of specialists in this field.
And yet, the main thing in this amazing work is that interest in it is due not only to the scientific tasks of studying literature, but also to the fact that The Word .. continues to excite all new generations of readers, forcing them to admire its amazing beauty and perfection. Why did this work turn out to be so durable that it is close to us - people already living in the 21st century?
It has long been established the idea that "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" is dedicated not to some individual hero, but to the entire Russian land as a whole. Reading this extraordinary work, you really understand that the author's pen was inspired by love for his homeland, and the central image of the Russian land appears in all its fullness and scale.
But the same hero, whose name is in the title of the work, occupies a special place in it, among other heroes of the Lay ... his image is especially vivid and expressive. It seems to me that it is Prince Igor, a complex and contradictory personality, who is closest to modern man, and therefore arouses sincere interest, although it is separated from us by a huge time distance.
The attitude of the author of "Words ..." to the Russian princes depicted in it is ambivalent, which also affected the image of Prince Igor. On the one hand, the author sees representatives of Russia in the princes, he sympathizes with them, is proud of their successes and worries about their failures. On the other hand, he condemns their selfishness, strife and parochial politics, their unwillingness to defend all-Russian interests .. Using the example of a campaign against the Polovtsians of Novgorod-Seversky Prince Igor Svyatoslavich, the author shows what the lack of unity leads to, and therefore, to express the main idea of the “Word. ..” the image of Prince Igor is of great importance.
Igor acts according to the formula: "we are ourselves, and you are yourself." He goes on a campaign against the Polovtsians alone, and therefore is defeated. Svyatoslav of Kyiv, with whom the author agrees, tells Igor that he goes on a campaign on his own because he is looking for glory, which he does not want to share with anyone, except for a few princes loyal to him
The Russians blocked the great fields with scarlet shields,
Seeking honor for himself, and glory for the prince.
The brave but short-sighted Igor goes on a campaign, despite the fact that from the very beginning he is warned of defeat by numerous "signs":
The sun blocked his path with darkness;
The night awakened the birds with the moans of a thunderstorm,
Animal whistle got up, Divas whipped up
Calling at the top of the tree
Tells to listen.
But Igor does not want to listen to anything or anyone, he believes in his star and goes on a campaign with a small detachment of comrades-in-arms. He, of course, loves his homeland, but the desire for personal glory "stands for him as a sign." Before the campaign, he turns to his squad
It's better to be killed
Than to be captivated
Let's sit down brothers
On greyhound horses
Yes, let's see
On the blue Don
The prince's mind gave in
Desire
And the desire to taste the great Don
Obscured him an omen.
But still it seems that the author sympathizes with the prince. It is not for nothing that the reader so vividly experiences everything that happens to the hero of the “Word ...”, sympathizes with him. After all, the prince is really brave and brave, he is a real warrior and is ready to lay down his head in the fight against the enemy “for the Russian land”. Metaphorical definitions emphasize these qualities of a prince who
Strengthened the mind with his strength
And sharpened his heart with courage;
Filled with military spirit,
Winding up your brave regiments
To the Polovtsian land
For the Russian land.
But the prince is a man of his time. The attractive qualities of his personality conflict with recklessness and selfishness, since the prince cares about his honor more than about the honor of his homeland. That is why, despite the apparent personal sympathy for Prince Igor, the author nevertheless emphasizes in the hero not the individual, but the general, which makes him related to other princes like him, whose pride and short-sightedness led to internecine struggle, strife and, ultimately, to the loss of unity Russia as a state.
Not without reason, next to the image of Prince Igor, the image of his grandfather Oleg Svyatoslavich appears, whom the author expressively calls "Gorislavich". Of course, this is not about the personal grief of this prince, but about the people's grief caused by his strife. The author, recalling him, says that Oleg forged sedition with a sword and sowed arrows on the ground. , from grandfather to grandson, the spirit of "sedition" is transmitted, which leads to the death of people and the desecration of the Russian land.
So Igor, who went on a campaign against the Polovtsy to get “glory for himself”, brought only grief to the Russian land: his squad and the squads of the princes allied to him were defeated, the “brave Rusichs” died at the bloody “feast”, and the princes were captured or were also killed. the most terrible thing is that the devastating invasion of the Polovtsians on the Russian land then followed.
And yet the ending of the story gives a slightly different turn in the interpretation of the image of Prince Igor. The turning point is the central episode of the third part - the cry of Yaroslavna's young wife Igor, who is the image of an ideal Russian woman. She mourns not only the capture of her husband, but mourns for all the fallen Russian soldiers. In folk song traditions, she calls for help the forces of nature “wind, sail”, Dnieper Slovutich, “bright and three-light sun.” Her cry is an amazingly beautiful and expressive symbolic personification of the cry of the whole Russian land for the dead and captured their defenders.
But Yaroslavna's lamentation has another very important function: he is called to consecrate Igor's flight from captivity, which was considered an act that damages the honor of the prince. Here, his flight is, as it were, consecrated by cosmic, natural forces, which are called by the cry of Yaroslavna. As D.S. Likhachev, the finale not only tells about Igor's return and his visit to Kyiv, but also - most importantly - it is shown that a revolution is taking place in the hero's soul. Now he realizes the fatality of such rash campaigns, he himself is ready to take part in future campaigns of the Russian princes against the Polovtsy, which means that Igor's selfish aspirations are defeated by the consciousness of the importance of the unity of all the princes to save the Russian land.
So Prince Igor unexpectedly turns out to be involved in the main idea of the "Word ..." That is why the returning prince greets the people so joyfully: "The countries are glad, the cities are cheerful." Russian land:
Hello, princes and squad,
fighting for christians
Against the invasions of the filthy!
Glory to the princes and the squad)
Amen.
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Ages of Trojan symbolize the time of the emergence of Kievan Rus, the time of the founding of Kyiv. The expression "seventh century" used in a figurative, symbolic sense. The seventh century is the last century of the existence of the world. The indication that Vseslav acts in the seventh, last century of the existence of the land of Troyan is evidence that the Polotsk prince is considered the author of the Tale of Igor's Campaign as one of the perpetrators of the death of Kievan Rus, which broke up into a number of independent principalities as a result of bloody civil strife.
AT interpretations Academician D.S. Likhachev “the land of Troyan” is identified with the Russian land, and the 7th century of Troyan is the designation of the last century of paganism in Russia in connection with symbolic meaning the seventh as the last.
Task 8.
Why did the image of Yaroslavna from The Tale of Igor's Campaign enter the gallery of classic examples of Russian literature?
The image of Yaroslavna from "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" entered the gallery of classic samples of Russian literature, because she is symbol loyalty, devotion and love.
She is the bearer of a lyrical, feminine beginning. Peace, family ties and love are associated with it. Her image brightly revealed in crying. Yaroslavna mourns her husband who is in trouble. She is ready to fly around the expanses of Russian and Polovtsian lands in search of him. She not only mourns her husband, but hopes to bring him back from captivity with the help of powerful natural forces: the Wind Sail, the Dnieper Slavutich, the crackling sun. These natural forces personalized. Therefore, the cry of Yaroslavna is both a conspiracy and a spell. She speaks with praise, conjures them. It's complicated triune genre formation: lamentation, conspiracy, prayer. In Yaroslavna's appeals there is gradation, increase, amplification action, effect. Yaroslavna prayed for help and influenced fate with a word - Igor escaped from captivity.
Task 8.
Can the image of Prince Igor be called ideal?
The image of Igor in The Tale of Igor's Campaign is completely devoid of any idealization.
On the one hand, the author creates an image epic hero, for which the main thing is military honor and knightly dignity; he sings of his courage and courage and makes readers feel love and compassion for his hero. On the other hand, the prince is a man of his time. The attractive qualities of his personality conflict with recklessness and selfishness, since the prince cares about his honor more than about the honor of his homeland. That is why, despite the apparent personal sympathy for Prince Igor, the author nevertheless emphasizes in the hero not the individual, but the general, which makes him related to other princes like him, whose pride and short-sightedness led to internecine struggle, strife and, ultimately, to the loss of unity Russia as a state.
Task 8.
The idea of unity, patriotism and humanism sounds in the Word. The author does not simply describe the events, but shows why the Russian land won the two-century struggle, and now the Polovtsians. He conveys his anxiety and calls for the defense of the Fatherland and an end to the strife. With his work, the author tries to show people that we will be strong only when we unite. But the strength of people is in the freedom of moral choice between good and evil, in the ability to overpower, overcome selfish inclinations in themselves and take the side of a just cause, for the good of the Motherland. This ability is valued by the author of the Lay above all else and endowed with the highest reward - the love of the fatherland, the love of the people. The singer directly and boldly points to the real reasons for the defeat and proposes to eliminate them by the political unification of the princes, the development of a sense of citizenship and honor.
Task 9.
What is the meaning of Svyatoslav's dream and what plot events does it reflect?
The dream of Svyatoslav is a prophetic dream, he predicts the death of Igor's army and the capture of Igor himself. Symbolic system of dreams relies on the ancient beliefs of the Slavs: pearls in a dream portend imminent tears, a torn top (“prince”) from the princely tower - impending death, since the house lost its integrity, turned out to be open to hostile forces. Empty quivers directly indicate the reason for Igor's defeat: the surrounded soldiers ran out of arrows, and they were powerless against the Polovtsians. endowed symbolic meanings and colors ( black shroud), and acoustic background(raven "gray"): they are called to convey the grief and sorrow that await Svyatoslav after waking up.
artistic function Svyatoslav's dream is to justify the latter's right to the "golden word", in which he acts as a unifier of Russian princes in the fight against enemies.
Task 9.
What works of RUSSIAN literature use DREAMS of characters and what are the main functions of dreams in them?
Tatiana's dream in the novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" helps the reader to more accurately imagine the inner world of the heroine and foreshadows future plot events - Onegin's quarrel with Lensky and the death of the young poet. In the novel by I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov" Ilya Ilyich's dream is a dream-memory, the story of the hero's childhood and at the same time the image of the idyllic world that he lost when he left Oblomovka. Raskolnikov's dreams in "Crime and Punishment" by F. M. Dostoevsky, on the one hand, are woven into reality (the beating of a fallen horse on a St. Petersburg street) and reveal the spiritual world of the hero, on the other hand, they are phantasmagoric in nature (a dream about a laughing old pawnbroker whom Raskolnikov cannot kill) and with their nightmarishness refute the harmonious theoretical constructions of the character about the right to kill.
Task 9.
In what works of Russian classics were dreams used as the most important means of poetics?
Sleep is one of the leading means of poetics in literature. Through a dream, on the one hand, it is possible to reveal the inner world of the hero, and on the other hand, with the help of dream allegories, to encrypt the true meaning of what is happening. Almost every major work of Russian literature uses the technique of sleep. Examples include Margarita's dream in Bulgakov's novel, Petya Rostov's dream in Tolstoy's War and Peace, and Raskolnikov's dream in Crime and Punishment. The story "The Undertaker" by Pushkin is completely based on the reception of sleep.
Task 9.
What works of Russian literature of the 20th century use the image of a wolf, and what is the originality of the poetic position of the author of The Tale of Igor's Campaign?
The images of wild animals in various national cultures are very stable, which is due to the beliefs and ideas of peoples. These images have been artistic comprehension in literature. We find confirmation of what has been said in the novel Ch . Aitmatov's Block. The author is not romanticizes the image of Akbara, but mythologically saturates it: the mother wolf opposes the man who brings destruction and death into nature.
The image of a wolf also presented in V. Rasputin "Live and Remember". Here the wolf and the man are identical to each other. The image of the wolf appears in the text as a greedy predator and a fierce enemy of man. He is like a man who betrayed his homeland and home.
In "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", in contrast to the named works, it sounds werewolf motif. Consequently, the image of the wolf here is based on pagan and mythological ideas.
Before the capture, the Novgorod-Seversky prince is depicted in human form (in particular, he delivers a speech addressed to the soldiers and squad, regrets his brother, who was surrounded by the Polovtsy, gives the order to turn the regiments); Igor's enemies, the Polovtsy, are represented in bird and animal form: they are likened to jackdaws, and their speech is like a bird's voice, they block the fields not with shields, like the Russians, but with a click. After the capture and flight of Igor, this antithesis flipped mirror: Igor rushes to Russia in the form of an ermine, jumps off his horse in the form of a wolf, flies like a falcon under the clouds. Only on the banks of the Donets, Igor appears again in human form: the Donets addresses him as a prince, and Igor delivers a response speech. Conclusion BM The magical ability of the werewolf spirit to leave the body shell and return to it again is organically included in the story of death and resurrection; a magical journey to the underworld becomes symbol salvation of the Christian world.
