Accra e-waste dump, Agboloshi District (Ghana)
The constant smoke from burning plastic delivers many highly toxic elements into the environment. The soil around the landfill contains lead, cadmium and mercury several hundred times above the legal limit.
At the same time, processing provides residents of the surrounding areas with good (by local standards) money. The boys involved in sorting trash and burning non-ferrous metals receive about $ 2.5 per day shift.
More enterprising ones are busy sorting components. Basically, these are old system blocks. After culling, working parts are installed in whole cases and are sold at a much higher price.
9th place. Ranipet ()
The reason this small town is ranked among the dirtiest places is because of the leather processing plant. It uses a number of carcinogenic substances to dye and tan raw materials. As a result, from the landfill, consisting of 1.5 million tons of solid waste, they partially fall into groundwater.
Dirty waters in Ranipet, India
This affects the quality of drinking water and agricultural land. Farmers have no choice but to farm on the poisoned land.
A few years ago, the Indian government was forced to close one of the processing plants, but the situation has not changed much. The management of the enterprise was obliged to develop a project that would reduce the amount of polluting emissions by at least half.
8th place. Karabash ()
The first Russian representative from the current list of the most polluted cities in the world is located in. This is not only a difficult environmental situation. In 2014, it was included in the list of settlements belonging to the category "Diversified municipalities of the Russian Federation in the most difficult socio-economic situation."
Wastewater, Karabash (Russia)
For almost a century of existence of enterprises specializing in the production of copper, the technology used for production has never been updated or modernized. Thus, all harmful emissions entered the environment, practically bypassing the purification system, which simply was not provided.
The wastewater treatment plant was launched only in 2005. This led to the fact that in 2009 the city was excluded from the list of "Ecological Disaster Zones", where it was made three years earlier.
In 2010, the fact of the onset of premature autumn was officially recorded here. In the second half of June, the foliage on the trees turned yellow and fell off. A similar situation occurred with all the vegetation of the region.
As a result, local residents and agricultural enterprises suffered enormous losses.
Information located on third-party resources ranks Karabash among the leaders this rating based on information provided by UNESCO. Former head of the city district Vyacheslav Yagodinets argued that Karabash is not the dirtiest city on the planet. He refuted this information with the following words: “We looked for this information in the archives of this UN agency, but did not find it!”.
7th place. Kabwe()
A city located 140 km from the country's capital, Lusaka. At the beginning of the 20th century, deposits of lead, vanadium and zinc were discovered here. The construction of the infrastructure necessary for mining was the reason for the formation of the settlement.
The construction of the infrastructure necessary for mining was the reason for the formation of the settlement.
In particular, the mining industry functioned without restrictions and purification systems until 1994. As a result, long-term emissions into the atmosphere have done their job:
- The degree of pollution exceeds the permissible norms by more than four times.
- Almost the entire population suffers from symptoms of acute blood poisoning, which is expressed in frequent vomiting, diarrhea, and chronic diseases of internal organs.
- The maximum concentration of toxic substances, and this is the worst thing, was found in children's organisms.
The development of purification facilities does not give the desired result, since the area is already poisoned and affects people like a time bomb. Currently, residents who refuse to move to other areas are being assisted in the form of information. There is no other way out of this situation.
6th place. Norilsk (Russia)
Russian Norilsk is annually in the top of the dirtiest cities on the planet. The only difference is that from time to time he changes his position. It happens that sometimes it even surpasses the state of Chinese industrial cities.
The population of the city barely reaches 200,000 people. Half of them work at the city-forming metallurgical plant Norilsk Nickel. More than 10 types of various metals are mined and processed here.
City-forming metallurgical plant "Norilsk Nickel"
The produced volatile compounds enter the respiratory tract of people and can cause nausea, abdominal pain, and chronic diseases of parts of the body.
AT last years the situation is starting to change for the better. Treatment facilities are being modernized, and therefore the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is reduced. But this is not enough.
Important! The statistics of childhood infection in Russia calls Norilsk the leader in the number of cases of intestinal and pulmonary diseases.
5th place. Dhaka ()
Bangladesh is known for its overpopulation. Residents of the capital and neighboring agglomerations know this firsthand. In total, more than 20 million people live here.
Although most of the industry is concentrated here, environmental problems did not arise because of this. The city with the dirtiest air received this status due to the excessive agglomeration of the local population.
Most of the public transport is by rickshaws. More than 400,000 carriers take to the streets every day. It is they who are recognized as the main culprits of many kilometers of traffic jams.
The port, located on the banks of the Buriganga (Ganges delta), daily receives tens of thousands of vessels of various configurations. Their movement is estimated as complete chaos. The water in the river is so dirty that it starts to stink a few hundred meters from the shore.
The port, located on the banks of the Buriganga (Ganges delta), daily receives tens of thousands of vessels of various configurations.
In most of the city, tons of household garbage and carcasses of dead animals are concentrated, exuding a stench and spreading various infections.
4th place. Dzerzhinsk (Russia)
The second largest city is in a difficult position. From 2008 to 2013, the city was listed in. In 2014, it was excluded from it due to the fact that the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere was partially reduced.
However, the amount of suspended particles, nitrogen oxides, benzapyrene and phenol is many times exceeded. The following factors can be called the cause of poor ecology:
Important! The Swiss branch of the Green Cross International classifies Dzerzhinsk not only as the dirtiest city in Europe, but also enrolls it in a similar rating covering the entire planet.
3rd place. Sukinda (India)
Nearly all of the Indian chromium needed to make stainless steel comes from the Sukinda Valley. 12 mines are concentrated around the city of the same name, where production is carried out open way.
As a result, all industrial waste remains lying on the surface of the earth. At the moment it is about 35 million tons. The most toxic carcinogen is hexavalent chlorine, the concentration of which exceeds the permissible limits by three to four times.
Sukinda, India. Dirty water near the mine in Sukinda
Most of it enters the groundwater or is immediately washed into the Brahmani waters. The river, in turn, is the only source of water for three million people.
Thus, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, asthma and tuberculosis of the local population are perceived as natural things here. According to international voluntary health organizations, almost 90% of deaths are somehow related to the ecological state of the region.
2nd place. Tianying ()
The blue smoke that he is constantly shrouded in is far from the worst.
The population of this small town by Chinese standards is only 800,000 people. A third of them are registered by doctors with the status “Serious diseases”. The locality is known for its smelters, which provide half of all the lead mined in China.
The blue smoke that he is constantly shrouded in is far from the worst. The main harm is concentrated in the soil, which contains a huge amount of lead. Getting out of it into agricultural products and drinking water, it penetrates the body, causing serious consequences.
The leadership of the country can do practically nothing with this, since the agglomeration of the republic is extremely exceeded. There is no chance to refuse toxic products either.
At the same time, grain grown on local fields is prohibited for sale both on the external and domestic markets. The lead content in them exceeds the permissible norms by 26 times. Thus, there is a deliberate poisoning of the population.
1 place. Linfen (China)
In the absence of natural gas, the main source of energy in the country is coal. More than half of the mines are concentrated in the city, providing 2/3 of all production. Here, not just dirty air, but practically devoid of oxygen.
Linfen (China). Here, not just dirty air, but practically devoid of oxygen.
The air is saturated with the following particles:
- Ash.
- Carbon monoxide.
- Nitric oxide.
- Sulfur dioxide.
- Arsenic.
- Lead.
The coal mining industry is not the main culprit in Linfen's environmental problems. Changed vector economic development countries demanded an increase in energy resources. The result was the expansion of production not only of coal, but also of the chemical industry.
Every day, plants and factories in the city emit deadly compounds of exhaust gases and spent poisonous waters into the atmosphere. Visibility even in sunny weather is no more than 300 m.
The official conclusion of the Chinese Ministry of Health confirms that more than three million people living in the region have health problems. In the coming years, the country's leadership plans to reduce production by closing several mines. The decision suggests itself. However, in this case, crowds of Chinese with poor health and lung cancer will be unemployed.
Interesting! Residents of the city never dry clothes on the street. Literally in an hour and a half, it becomes gray.
A few days ago the capital India enveloped in impenetrable smog. The level of air pollution exceeded the norm by 70 times. This situation was provoked by weather conditions: high humidity, strong winds and fires around the city. Himself Delhi has long been recognized as an ecological disaster zone. What other cities are considered the most polluted in the world - further in the review.
1. Delhi (India)
Indian metropolis Delhi considered one of the most polluted cities in the world. Approximately half of the population lives in unsanitary conditions. Exhaust gases from more than 8 million cars, sewerage waste without treatment directly into the river, harmful industrial production - this is not the whole list of pollution that destroys the environment and provokes human diseases. By winter, the air in the city becomes almost unbearable. The poor burn garbage to keep warm.
2. Linfen (China)
Live in a Chinese city linfen you won’t wish it on your worst enemy either, because it is the center of the country’s coal industry. The air contains high levels of lead, carbon and other chemicals. People go out in respiratory masks and drink only bottled water, because tap water is more like oil. It is useless to dry washed clothes on the street, the city is shrouded in smog, and it immediately turns black.
3. Dzerzhinsk (Russia)
Between 1938 and 1998 within the city Dzerzhinsk(Nizhny Novgorod region) and its environs, about 300,000 tons of chemical waste were buried. The concentration of phenol and dioxides in groundwater exceeds allowable rate almost a fantastic 17 million times. In 2003, Dzerzhinsk entered the Guinness Book of Records as the dirtiest city on the planet. For more than a decade, the death rate in it has exceeded the birth rate by 260 percent.
4. Hazaribagh, Bangladesh
In the town Hazaribagh about 90 percent of all capacities for the production of leather products are concentrated. To treat the skin, a solution of hexavalent chromium is used, which has a very detrimental effect on human health. Every day, 22,000 liters of chromium is sent to the nearest river. In addition, the remnants of the skin are burned, which creates a special stench.
5. Cairo, Egypt
Despite its centuries-old history, Cairo is considered a very polluted city. It even has a whole area where people live and immediately sort the garbage. The first floors of the houses are reserved for waste, and the living quarters are located directly above them. The streets are also littered with rubbish. Some waste, such as plastic, is incinerated on site.
Fortunately, not all megacities reach a critical point and become areas of ecological disaster. These are confirmation that all is not lost.
Since time immemorial, mankind has been worried about the end of the world. When will it come and what will it be? What will happen to the planet? Now, looking at the creations of their own hands, people understand that the consequences of environmental pollution will lead to the apocalypse.
Global warming, caused by huge emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere, has led to horrific disasters. Scientists predict that in some 200-300 years, many large cities will go under water, productivity will drop to the limit, and diseases will begin to mow down peoples around the world. But until this happens, we can still at least change something. Think about it, maybe you live in the dirtiest cities in Russia.
Norilsk has been called the dirtiest city in Russia for many years. It is also one of the ten most life-threatening places on the planet. Almost 2,000,000 tons of harmful substances enter the atmosphere here. In fact, half of the periodic table is just up in the air.
The main damage to the environment is caused by the Norilsk Nickel mining and smelting plant. By the way, the population of the city does not exceed 177,000 people. All these hard workers account for 2% of harmful substances in the world, which cannot but terrify. It is not surprising that the soil, frankly, is scorched around the city for several kilometers. Where poisonous gases have not reached, the townspeople go to rest and restore their health. However, soon that small part of the wild nature will also disappear due to the obscene attitude of man towards his home.
If you ask a simple Russian where everyone wants to get to the Russian Federation, he will answer: “Of course, to Moscow.” Indeed, the capital, like rubber, receives guests from different countries. Many want to live and work here. However, not everyone understands that due to the endless flow of cars, Moscow is considered the second dirtiest city in Russia. 996,000 tons of harmful emissions consist of 93% of toxic substances that enter the air from vehicles. Exhausts poison the atmosphere more and more, which leads to an increase in the percentage of cancer patients.
One of the most beautiful cities in Russia is the third in the ranking for pollution. A huge number of people live in St. Petersburg and the region, who go to work every day, rush to meetings and visit friends. All of them, along with the crowds of tourists, mostly travel by cars, which pollute the air of this wonderful old city. 488,000 tons of poison fill the clouds every year and seep into the atmosphere. About 85% of all harmful substances come out of the exhaust pipes of vehicles scurrying through the streets of the metropolis. From that, the percentage of pollution is inexorably growing in St. Petersburg from year to year.
Another giant was included in the ranking of the most polluted cities in Russia. Glorious Cherepovets is known all over the country thanks to its metallurgical plant from the company Severstal. The city also has a well-developed chemical industry represented by the monsters Nitrogen and Ammophos. An incredible amount of emissions go into the sky. About 365,000 tons of poison for all living things are purposefully thrown into the atmosphere by people. Not surprisingly, there are a lot of cancer patients in such places of residence.
The Ministry of Natural Resources in the state report "On Environmental Protection" named the cities of Russia with the dirtiest air. Krasnoyarsk, Magnitogorsk and Norilsk turned out to be the most dangerous cities for living.
According to the report, about 16.4 million people in Russia breathe polluted air. Total atmospheric emissions continue to grow: in 2016 it amounted to 31.6 million tons, 1.1% more than a year earlier. The Krasnoyarsk Territory accounts for the most pollution from industrial facilities, and the metropolitan region is the leader in terms of emissions from vehicles.
Among the most polluted cities are...
Birobidzhan, Blagoveshchensk, Magnitogorsk, Norilsk, Ulan-Ude, Chita, Krasnoyarsk. Also included in this list are the cities of Bratsk, Zima, Kyzyl, Minusinsk, Novokuznetsk, Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky, Selenginsk, Usolye-Sibirskoye, Chegdomyn, Cheremkhovo, Chernogorsk and Shelekhov.
According to the rating, in most cities of the Far Eastern, Siberian and Ural federal districts, the level of pollutant concentration exceeds the maximum allowable. In the Siberian Federal District, the Krasnoyarsk and Altai Territories, Kemerovo, Irkutsk and Novosibirsk region.
The ministry emphasized that over the past three years, the situation with emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere has worsened in Russia. It is noted that in 2014-2016, the incidence of asthma associated with air pollution increased in Russia: among children - by 1.7 times, and among adults - by 1.5 times. 15% of the urban population are exposed to high and very high level pollution.
According to the Ministry of Natural Resources, over the past three years, the situation with emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere has worsened in Russia. In the country as a whole, in 2014-2016, the incidence of asthma associated with air pollution increased by 1.7 times among children, and by 1.5 times among adults. 15% of the urban population is affected by high and very high levels of pollution. According to the state report of the department, the most unfavorable situation has developed in the regions of the Siberian Federal District - Irkutsk, Kemerovo regions and Altai Territory. There is also an increase in the incidence of asthma.
In Russia, in recent years, the total volume of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere has been growing. So, in 2016, 31,617.1 thousand tons of harmful impurities got into the air (1.1% more than in the previous year). 55% of them are from enterprises (17,349.3 thousand tons), but the increase in their “contribution” in 2016 was relatively modest – 0.3%. But road and rail transport dealt a greater blow to the environment than a year earlier - by 2.1 and 5.7%, respectively. In 2015, total emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere also increased slightly (by 0.1%) compared to the previous year. Such data are given in the state report of the Ministry of Natural Resources “On the state and protection of the environment of the Russian Federation”.
Birobidzhan, Amur Blagoveshchensk, Bratsk, Zima, Krasnoyarsk, Kyzyl, Lesosibirsk, Magnitogorsk, Minusinsk, Novokuznetsk, Norilsk, Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, Selenginsk, Ulan-Ude, Usolye-Sibirskoye, Chegdomyn, Cheremkhovo, Chernogorsk, Chita, Shelekhov.
In most cities of the Far East, Siberian and Ural federal districts, the level of pollutant concentration exceeds the maximum allowable. In the Irkutsk region, for example, there are 14 such cities.
In the Siberian Federal District, the Krasnoyarsk and Altai Territories, Kemerovo, Irkutsk and Novosibirsk Regions turned out to be the leaders in air pollution. In the last four in 2016, the indicators increased compared to the previous one.
Thus, in the Altai Territory, the release of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere has increased. The main sources of air pollution in the region, according to the Ministry of Natural Resources, were Biyskenergo, the Barnaul branch of Kuzbassenergo, Altaikoks and other enterprises. Emissions of carbon monoxide have increased in the Irkutsk region. A significant amount of pollutants comes from Irkutskenergo, RUSAL Bratsk aluminum smelter and ANHK. Sulfur dioxide emissions have increased in the Kemerovo region. The main pollutants of the atmosphere were named by the Ministry of Natural Resources as Evraz United West-Siberian Metallurgical Plant, OUK Yuzhkuzbassugol, as well as the branch Esaulskaya Mine.
The greatest harm to health is caused by dust, fluorine and its compounds, ammonia, toluene, formaldehyde, benzapyrene, carbon monoxide, chlorine and its compounds, heavy metals, xylene, benzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, hydroxybenzene, hydrogen sulfide and other compounds.
As Rospotrebnadzor explained to Izvestia, respiratory pathologies associated with air pollution were observed in almost half of the country's subjects in 2016. A particularly unfavorable situation has developed in the Irkutsk, Smolensk, Kaluga, Samara, Sverdlovsk regions, Udmurtia and the Krasnoyarsk Territory. In 40 regions, children under 14 had an incidence rate of asthma and status asthmaticus above the national average (144.0 cases per 100,000 children). The highest numbers were noted in Novosibirsk (483 cases), Novgorod (377.5), Chelyabinsk (323.2) regions, St. Petersburg (289), as well as in Kaliningrad region (283,2).
At the same time, the number of additional cases of disease associated with air quality also increased - by 1.7 times compared to 2014. In this regard, the geography of the incidence of asthma coincides with the data on the largest emissions into the atmosphere - the most unfavorable regions were Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Samara region and Altai Territory.
The same four regions became the anti-leaders in new cases of asthma and asthmatic status among the adult population. In general, in Russia, compared with 2014, the number of additional cases of asthma in adults increased by 1.5 times. Such data are given in the state reports of both Rospotrebnadzor and the Ministry of Natural Resources.
- Various substances cause the development of bronchial asthma and other diseases of the respiratory system. Therefore, their prevalence can vary significantly depending on the presence of certain chemical pollutants in the environment,” said Igor Bobrovnitsky, head of the Center for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Ministry of Health, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - It should also be taken into account that the overall incidence of bronchial asthma significantly depends not only on the content of chemical air pollutants, but also on a host of other reasons: plant pollen, food allergens, household dust, insect (caused by insect bites) allergies.
Rospotrebnadzor explained that the reasons for poor air quality are the lack of highly efficient gas cleaning equipment, the operation of outdated technologies at industrial enterprises, thermal power plants and household boilers. Errors in the planning and development of settlements also affect the health of the population - often residential areas are located next to industrial facilities.
Sources:
The medal of technical progress also has its reverse side. It allows people to enjoy things and opportunities unheard of in past centuries, but at the same time, in order to meet an ever-increasing demand, humanity is forced to constantly increase the extraction of raw materials and industrial production. At the same time, everyone strives to make this production as cheap as possible, so care for the environment is often forgotten, and dirty production literally destroys all living things around. Therefore, it is not surprising that most of the dirtiest cities are now located in the centers of world production - China and India.
15. Agbogbloshie (Ghana)
This African city is so dirty that it is simply dangerous to live in it. Although such a picture was not always observed: in a matter of years, the ecology of this large Ghanaian city was hopelessly damaged after an electronics waste dump was set up in its swampy semi-desert district - the second largest in West Africa. It is known that in electronics, in addition to lead, almost the entire periodic table is present, and not at all in the form of vitamins. The developed "civilized" countries of the world are happy to send millions of tons of the most toxic waste here, turning the life of the inhabitants of Agbogbloshi into a living hell.
14. Rudnaya pier (Russia)
This city is probably the dirtiest in Russia, it is no coincidence that its 90,000 people are considered potentially poisoned. Everything in the district is contaminated with lead, cadmium and mercury compounds, they have penetrated into the soil and groundwater, infected flora and fauna. Therefore, the inhabitants of the city have nowhere to get clean water for drinking and grow vegetables, since any crop can only poison. In the blood of local children, the presence of toxic substances, far exceeding the permissible concentration, has become commonplace. The sad thing is that this situation is only getting worse every year.
13. Ranipet (India)
In this area there is a large leather industry associated with the dyeing and tanning of leather. Such production uses chromium compounds and other toxic substances, which, instead of being properly disposed of, are simply dumped in the district, polluting groundwater. As a result, both land and water become unusable here. Local residents not only get sick from all this, but also die en masse. And the local peasants, despite this, continue to cultivate the poisoned land, watering it with poisoned water and spreading the poison more and more.
12. Mailuu-Suu (Kyrgyzstan)
Not far from this Kyrgyz town there is a large burial of radioactive waste, so the level of radiation is off scale everywhere in these places. The place for the radioactive dump was chosen criminally irresponsibly - landslides caused by earthquakes are frequent here, and downpours cause floods and mudflows. All this extracts radionuclides to the surface and quickly spreads over the surrounding area. As a result, local residents massively suffer from cancer.
11. Haina (Dominican Republic)
In this city, the production of car batteries is located, the waste from which are toxic lead compounds. In the area surrounding the enterprise, the amount of lead exceeds the norm by thousands of times. Hence the specific diseases among the local population: eye diseases, mental disorders, congenital deformities.
10. Kabwe (Zambia)
Kabwe is the second largest city in Zambia and located 150 kilometers from its capital, Lusaka. About a hundred years ago, deposits of lead were discovered here, and since then they have been continuously developed, and the waste calmly poisons the local land, water and air. As a result, within a radius of 10 km from the mines, it is dangerous not only to drink local water, but simply to breathe. And every resident of the district is “stuffed” with a 10-fold dose of lead.
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9. Sumgayit (Azerbaijan)
In Soviet times, this Azerbaijani city of almost 300,000 was a very large industrial center: many people worked here. chemical industries relating to oil refining and the production of fertilizers. However, after the collapse of the Union and the departure of Russian specialists, almost all enterprises were abandoned, there was no one to deal with land reclamation and cleaning up reservoirs from dirt.
AT recent times the city is conducting environmental studies to restore it.
8. Chernobyl (Ukraine)
Many people remember the explosion of the 4th power unit of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, which occurred on the eve of the May Day holidays in 1986. Then a cloud of radiation covered a vast territory, which included even the neighboring lands of Belarus and Russia. A large exclusion zone had to be created around the reactor, removing all residents from there. In a few days, Chernobyl turned into a ghost town, in which no one has lived since then. Outwardly, now it is a corner of wild untouched nature, with the purest air that does not pollute any production. Except for one invisible enemy - radiation. After all, if you stay here for a long time, you will inevitably get radioactive contamination and cancer.
7. Norilsk (Russia)
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And so the difficult situation of Norilsk beyond the Arctic Circle was aggravated for its 180,000 inhabitants by the difficult environmental situation. Once there were camps, the prisoners of which built the world's largest smelter. Every year, from his many pipes, he began to throw out millions of tons of various chemicals (lead, copper, cadmium, arsenic, selenium and nickel). In the Norilsk district, no one has been surprised by black snow for a long time, here, as in hell, it always smells of sulfur, and the content of zinc and copper in the atmosphere is also much higher than the norm. Not surprisingly, Norilsk residents are several times more likely to die from respiratory diseases than residents of other cities in the country. Not a single living tree survived for fifty miles from the factory furnaces.
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6. Dzerzhinsk (Russia)
This city of 300,000 people became the brainchild of the Cold War, so each of its inhabitants received a ton of toxic waste buried near Dzerzhinsk from 1938 to 1998 as an inheritance. In groundwater here, the concentration of dioxins and phenol is 17 million times higher than the norm. In 2003, this city even got into the Guinness Book of Records as the dirtiest in the world, in which the death rate far exceeds the birth rate.
5. La Oroya (Peru)
At the beginning of the last century, American industrialists turned the Peruvian town of La Oroya, located in the foothills of the Andes, into a metallurgical center, where they began to smelt lead, zinc, copper and other metals in large quantities. To reduce the cost of production, environmental issues were simply forgotten. As a result, all the surrounding peaks, wooded in the past, became bald, the earth, air, water turned out to be poisoned with lead, as were the inhabitants themselves, who almost completely suffer from certain specific diseases. All of them, including children, have almost as much lead in their blood as in a battery. But the worst thing was later: when the Americans themselves were horrified at what they had done here, and proposed a plan for the improvement of production and land reclamation, involving the temporary closure of all enterprises, the local residents themselves opposed this, fearing to be left without work and livelihood.
4. Vapi (India)
India competes with China in terms of economic growth, so such “little things” as nature conservation and ecology are very often not taken seriously here. The 70,000-strong city of Vapi fell into the southern part of a gigantic industrial zone stretching for 400 km, generously emitting various exhausts and waste from countless chemical and metallurgical industries into the environment. Local groundwater contains almost 100 times the normal mercury content, and local residents have to breathe air generously flavored with heavy metals.
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3. Sukinda (India)
When smelting stainless steel, one of the most important additives is chromium, which is also used in leather dressing. But this metal is a strong carcinogen that enters the body with air or water. A large chromium deposit is being developed near the Indian city of Sukinda, so more than half of the groundwater sources contain a double dose of hexavalent chromium. Its detrimental effect on the health of local residents has already been noted by Indian doctors.
2. Tianying (China)
The city of Tianying, located in China's northeast, is home to one of the country's largest metallurgical centers, producing about half of all Chinese lead. The city is constantly shrouded in a gray haze, and even during the day the visibility here remains very weak. But the worst thing is that in pursuit of the speed of metal production, the Chinese did not give a damn about nature. As a result, the land and water here are saturated with lead, which is why local children are born deformed or weak-minded. Bread made from local wheat will probably seem heavy, because it will contain 24 times more of this heavy metal than liberal Chinese law allows.
1. Linfen (China)
The dirtiest city can be called Linfen - the center of coal mining in China. Its inhabitants wake up and go to bed like real miners - with coal on their faces, clothes and bedding. It is useless to wash the linen - after drying on the street it becomes the same black. In addition to carbon, the air here is rich in lead and other toxins. Therefore, local residents here massively suffer from serious illnesses and die in large numbers.
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