Project objectives: to study the world's water reserves; how much water a person needs; problems associated with water consumption; The practical part of the work: what is the saving of water if we cook food. The purpose of the research work: to develop tips for saving water in the home.
Sources of water and its types Water on Earth contains about 1500 million km3, and fresh water makes up about 10% of the total planetary water supply. Most of the water is not in open reservoirs, but in the earth's crust: 110-190 million km3. These waters are divided into two types according to the depth of their occurrence - groundwater and surface water. Deep underground waters are located tens to hundreds of meters from the earth's surface, they impregnate porous rocks, and also form giant underground pools surrounded by waterproof layers. Water in such underground reservoirs is under pressure.
located in the soil and upper layers of the earth's surface at a depth of several meters. Compared to deep waters, they have one disadvantage and one advantage. Disadvantage: these waters are much more actively in contact with the earth's surface and therefore they are less protected from pollution than deep waters. The advantage of these waters is that they are more accessible and easily accumulate in wells and surface reservoirs. The next largest body of fresh water (20-30 million km3) is concentrated in the glaciers of Antarctica, Greenland and the islands of the Arctic Ocean. Fresh water from the atmosphere (about 13 thousand km3) is another type groundwater surface, we get in the form of precipitation - rain and snow. The oceans contain large reserves of water, which can be desalinated by various physical and chemical methods.
The main supply of fresh water used by humans is concentrated in lakes and rivers. One of the largest Russian lake water storages - Lake Baikal contains about 20 thousand km3 of water. Today, Baikal water is considered the cleanest in the world. This is how water resources are distributed on our planet. Another source of water is living organisms. Plants and animals, which are two-thirds water, contain 6,000 km3 of water. The human body is in a state of continuous water exchange with the environment: it excretes water in the form of sweat and urine and replenishes water losses daily with fresh water. If it is not possible to get drunk, then water is lost through sweat and exhaled air, and as a result, there is a threat of dehydration (dehydration) of the body.
The scarcity of fresh water is a phenomenon familiar to mankind since ancient times. More than once it became the cause of crises and social catastrophes. In a traditional society, water scarcity occurred on a local scale, and the crises caused by it also remained local. But as humanity developed, the scale of both water shortages and crises increased. It was the water crisis, caused by the consequences of the grandiose works on hydromelioration (namely, the secondary salinization of the soil), that caused the death of the civilization of Ancient Mesopotamia. Similar manifestations of inept water management led to the economic weakening of Carthage, followed by its defeat in the wars with Rome and the actual disappearance from the map of the Ancient Mediterranean. Today, the water crisis is becoming global.
World water reserves Global problems of fresh water on earth Water is the only substance that exists in nature Water is the only substance that exists in nature in liquid, solid and gaseous forms exists in liquid, solid and gaseous states. The value of liquid water is essentially states. The value of liquid water varies greatly by location and varies by location and application. application possibilities. Fresh water is more widely used than salt water. Fresh water is more widely used than salt water. Fresh water on planet Earth is only 3%, and 97% Fresh water on planet Earth is only 3%, and 97% is salty water, which is unsuitable for is salt water, which is unsuitable for drinking, crop cultivation and drinking, crop cultivation and household use. Only 3% of household use reserves remain. water that people use in their economic activities. But for some reason, many people think that these 3% But for some reason, many people think that these 3% are inexhaustible. inexhaustible. ..
The limited water resources have led to the fact that some regions and cities began to lack drinking water. The time is over, the time is over when fresh water was considered as when fresh water was considered as a free gift of nature. For a free gift of nature. To date, some today, some territories on Earth are already territories on Earth that have already felt it. Saving water - felt it. Saving water - According to the UN, a total shortage is not only a problem of economy, but also a problem not only of saving, but also of fresh water is not far off. If the survival of mankind... the survival of mankind take into account that the global consumption of fresh water from 1990 to 1995 increased 6 times, with a doubling of the population, then the problem with fresh water will become more and more aggravated.
Statistics, Alarming statistics: alarming: 1.1 billion people no longer have safe drinking water; 1.1 billion people no longer have safe drinking water; Over 80 countries (1.7 billion people) are experiencing water shortages Over 80 countries (1.7 billion people) are experiencing fresh water shortages; fresh water; Now fresh water is also obtained from salty, sea water. Now fresh water is also obtained from salty, sea water, but it is expensive. Meanwhile, 1.3 billion people live in but it is expensive. Meanwhile, 1.3 billion people live in extreme poverty. conditions of extreme poverty. The forecast for 2025 is simply frightening: out of every three The forecast for 2025 is simply frightening: out of every three people on the planet, two will lack people on the planet, two will lack fresh water. Over the past 40 years, the amount of fresh fresh water. Over the past 40 years, the amount of fresh water per person in the world has decreased by 60%. The water for every person in the world has decreased by 60%. Over the next 25 years, a further decrease by another 2 times is expected over the next 25 years. reduction by a factor of 2. Therefore, the most urgent task is not Therefore, the most urgent task is not only to study the reproduction of water, placing only the study of the reproduction of water, placing hopes on the ice sheets of Antarctica, hopes on the ice sheets of Antarctica, Greenland, the Arctic, but also the use of Greenland, the Arctic, but also the use of various methods save water by people everywhere different ways to save water by people everywhere and everywhere. and everywhere.
Ways to save Ways to save water in your home: water in your home: - turn off the water while brushing your teeth - turn off the water while brushing your teeth - turn off the water when taking a shower - turn off the water when taking a shower while soaping - turn off the water when soaping and - load dishwashers and washing machines as much as possible washing machines - do not keep the water on all the time when - do not keep the water on all the time when cooking, etc .... cooking, etc…. We decided to experimentally check and calculate, we decided to experimentally check and calculate, everyone can make water savings, if everyone can make water savings, if there is a volume of savings in the solution of the problem, what volume of savings in solving the problem to regularly adhere to at least one of REGULARLY FOLLOW AT LEAST ONE OF THE ABOVE POINTS. THE ABOVE ITEMS.
“Water, you have no taste, no color, no smell.
You cannot be described, you are enjoyed, not
knowing what you are! You can't say that you
necessary for life: you are life itself. You are the most
great wealth in the world."
Antoine de Saint-Exupery
The project is focused on the study of issues related to the role of water in our lives and the possibilities of saving water in everyday life.
Project objectives:study the world's water reserves; how much water
required by a person; problems associated with
water consumption;
The practical part of the work: what is the savings
water if we turn off the faucet
while brushing our teeth.
The purpose of the research work:
develop tips for saving water in the home.
World water reserves
The total world water reserves are enormous, butmost of them (97%) are accounted for
oceans in which it is too salty and not
suitable for drinking, cultivation
crops and
industrial use.
Only 3% of water reserves remain, which
uses a person in his economic
activities.
Limited water resources have led to
the fact that some regions and cities have begun
lack drinking water.
How much water does a person need?
Our body is almost 2/3is made up of water. Water enters
into the blood, which
spreads throughout the body
nutrients.
Evaporating from the surface
our skin, water regulates
our body temperature.
We need water
body to remove
various harmful substances.
To digest our food
the body needs 10-11 liters
water per day. Of this amount
Approximately 2.5 liters are discharged from
body with urine, through the lungs and
skin. Only when breathing man
loses an average of more than 300 per day
grams of water.
It also plays an important role
circumstance, how
high-calorie foods we eat
the more protein it contains, the more
we need water. matters and
a person's age and physical
activity. Naturally,
corresponding losses
the body needs water
compensate for her
from the outside.
How much water should a person drink to feel good and not get sick?
Many doctors believethat water should be drunk,
based on the calculation:
1000 kilocalories -
about a liter of water.
However, many
specialists and we
tend to agree with
they are convinced: for
maintaining water
balance per day
need to drink
at least 2 liters
water.
Water consumption is growing every year.
Only for householdneeds in recent
years for one
person is in
average about 400
liters (40 buckets)
day though 200 years
a bucket was enough back.
In many countries already
there is an acute
lack of drinking
water.
Can this problem be solved? If so, how?
Reference material per day for oneperson has to:
for washing hands 6-8 liters
For brushing teeth 6-8 liters
Don't close the faucet
toilet bowl 15 liters per day
Shower15-20 liters
Washing 130-150 liters
Taking a bath 150 liters
Practical part. If we turn off the faucet while brushing our teeth
This saves 4liters of water. If we
brush your teeth 2 times a day
day, we can
save 8 liters
So the family of
five people per year
if every member
families will close
faucet brushing teeth,
will save
8*5*365 = 1460 liters
water
If we turn off the faucet while brushing our teeth
If forhuman
organism
minimum
quantity per day
is 1.6
liters of this
water can be
secured
about 913
person.1.Easy way
save water -
brush your teeth with
running water,
rather use
cup with
previously
collected water.2. So far out
faucet
the water will go right
temperature, without
sense will flow out
a large number of
water. Collect it in
bucket, jar or
another container for
further
use,
e.g. for irrigation
colors.3. Only for strong
contaminated items in
washing machine
necessary
use mode
preliminary
washing. For ordinary
pollution
include more
economy modes with
smaller cycle
washing, less
temperature.4.Repair or
replace everything
leaking
cranes.
Faulty faucet
per day can
"drip" 30-200
liters of water!
try
tightly
close the tap.5. When choosing
give mixers
preference
leverage. They are
mix faster
water than faucets
with two taps
means less
running out of water
wasted when you
pick up
optimal
water temperature.6. From a drain tank
in the toilet
constantly flowing water.
Due to such
leaks are lost
tens of liters of water
daily.
Try to follow
for the state
plumbing in their
apartment and on time
eliminate
malfunctions.7. If possible
buy economical
plumbing, for example
toilet with two modes
plum.
8. If cistern your his
toilet is not equipped with two
drain modes, then
avoid water loss
a simple remedy will help.
Fill a 2 liter
plastic bottle water
and place in a jar. it
simple "device"
save up to 20
liters of clean water per day.9. Do not rinse laundry under
flowing water. For these
purposes is better to use
filled bath or basin.
10. When washing dishes, do not hold
faucet constantly open.
If your sink is
two compartments, wash dishes in
sink filled with water
pre-closing the drain.
Rinse washed dishes in
separate container with clean
water. This method allows
reduce water consumption by
washing dishes 3-5 times.
Use of dishwashers
cars - albeit more expensive,
but effective method
save water and
electricity for washing
dishes.11.
Do not defrost
products under
a stream of water from a tap. Better
just in advance
shift
products from
freezers in
refrigerator.12. Taking a shower, you're at 5-7
times lower
water consumption by
compared to when
you are taking a bath.
Less water is used
if used in the shower
economical
diffuser with smaller
hole diameter.
13. Install spray nozzles on faucets.
This will help reduce
water consumption.
Unlike electricity or heating, reducing water consumption often does not involve any costs. All that is needed is to change some habits in everyday life.
Not so long ago, we already talked about, as well as in. The following simple ways water savings complement what has already been said and will help to approach the issue more comprehensively.
Try to use as little water as possible while cooking. In addition to the obvious savings, this gives many dishes a richer taste. Wash fruits and vegetables not under the tap, but in a bowl. The water after washing can be used for watering indoor plants. In the summer, keep a bottle of water in the refrigerator. Thus, you do not have to drain several liters into the sewer each time, waiting for cool water to flow from the heated pipes. Install a boiler or geyser in close proximity to the place where you most often use hot water. This will save a significant amount of water, because you do not have to wait until the cold drains. If your shower fills a 10-liter bucket of water in less than a minute, immediately change to a more economical watering can or use a shower head that reduces flow. An easy way to conserve water is to skip the daily shower. Doctors say that, in many cases, this is even useful, because with frequent washing, the skin dries out and the beneficial bacteria living on the body are washed off (yes, there are such). From an early age, teach children to turn off the taps completely, tell them about different ways save water and why it matters. You can save water, time and money by brushing your teeth while you shower. If you have several small children, wash them together in the same tub. It's more economical and more fun. If you drink water from the tap, use a glass for this, and do not try to catch the stream with your lips, pouring a few liters into the sewer. While shaving, plug the drain and fill with some warm water. To rinse the blade, it is enough to leave a thin stream. It is calculated that . If you have more time, stimulate yourself with a countdown timer. Keep a small trash and paper bin in the bathroom. This will save you from the habit without having to flush cubic meters of water down the toilet and clog the sewer. Many liters of water are lost when you wait for the cold to drain and the hot to go. This water can be drained into a bucket and then used for any household purposes. Water houseplants in the evenings, not in the morning. So moisture evaporates less and you need less water for irrigation.Water use at home Purpose: to study water consumption in a house (apartment) and give recommendations for saving water. Object of study: water consumption in a house (apartment). Equipment: paper, pen, felt-tip pens, calculator, information materials.
Water ... amazing, paradoxical, mysterious, incomprehensible "Water stands apart in the history of our planet" V.I. Vernadsky “Water is more precious than gold…” Antoine de Saint-Exupery “Life is animated water” E. Dubois “Water was given the magical power to become the juice of life on Earth” Leonardo da Vinci “Water is the origin of everything” Thales of Miletus
March 22 is World Water Day! February 22, 1993 The UN General Assembly has declared March 22 as World Water Day! Purpose: to draw the attention of the inhabitants of the planet to the problems of shortage of drinking water, the need to conserve and rationally use water resources.
Additional information Dripping from the tap 24 l. per day, 720 l. per month Flowing from the tap 144 l. per day, 4000 liters. per month Flowing in the toilet 2000 l. per day, l. per month Taking a shower for 5 minutes, you spend about 100 liters. water Single flush in the toilet requires 8-10 liters. water Filling the bath only to half, you spend 150 liters. water During wet cleaning, at least 10 liters are consumed. Each wash of clothes in the washing machine requires over 100 liters. about 1000 liters of water are poured out through an open tap. water per hour.
Additional information A camel needs 20 liters. water for three weeks One American spends 635 liters. water per day, while an Indian needs 60 liters. According to the norms, for every inhabitant of St. Petersburg there are 220 liters. cold water per day, the actual consumption is at least 300 liters. per person.
Purpose of water use Approximate volume for each family member, in liters Possible methods to reduce water consumption yamamapapadr. Cooking: - breakfast - lunch - dinner - other Sanitary and hygienic measures: - washing hands, face - brushing teeth - taking a bath - taking a shower - using the toilet - other other Complete it yourself Total: Recording of water consumption in the family
Environmental Study QuestionsYesNo When I brush my teeth, water flows until I'm done. I usually take a shower. I love taking a bath. We have a cistern leaking in our toilet. We have a leaking faucet in the kitchen. We have leaking faucets in our bathroom. When I'm thirsty on a hot summer day, I run the tap for a long time until it's cold. I always have drinking water in the refrigerator. Do you use for washing clothes: 1) automatic machine 2) rotary type machine 3) hand wash When I wash dishes, water flows all the time. I pour soapy water for washing dishes in one container, and clean rinse water in another.
Today, the capital consumes about 4 million cubic meters per day, although 15 years ago water consumption was almost 6 million. Since 1996, there has been a steady downward trend in water consumption. In 2008, compared to 1995, water consumption decreased by 31.3% and reached the level of 72 years. Basically, the decrease occurred due to the population, which consumes 71.3% of water. That is why the main efforts on water conservation are concentrated in the housing stock.
The city is implementing a program to equip the housing stock with water meters. The program consists of 2 stages:
Stage 1 - equipping residential buildings and buildings for social purposes with common house water meters is almost completed. Today, almost all residential buildings (about 99%) are equipped with common house water meters, with the exception of buildings that do not have basements or are subject to demolition.
Stage 2 - equipping apartments with individual water meters. As of March 1, 2008, out of 3.8 million apartments, 31% (1.16 million apartments) were equipped with water meters. Of these, at the expense of the city budget (as part of the implementation of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated May 29, 2007 No. own funds citizens and funds provided for by design and estimate documentation (for new construction). At the expense of the budget, by the end of 2009, it is planned to equip 1.2 million apartments with individual water meters - these are all state-owned apartments, as well as apartments whose owners receive a subsidy for payment utilities.
An effective direction of water saving is the widespread use in residential buildings and apartments of Muscovites of water-saving fittings (valve heads with a ceramic shut-off unit for household mixers and a set of fittings for flushing cisterns "Compact"). In the city, 152.5 thousand apartments have already been equipped with such fittings at the expense of Mosvodokanal. At the same time, water savings average 12%.
The average specific water consumption by the population of the city in 2008 was 249 l. per person per day This is 200 liters less than in 1995. At the same time, the rational consumption of water to meet reasonable physiological and sanitary needs is 145 l / person. day With a water consumption of 249 l / person per day - 80% - conditionally useful water consumption, 20% - losses. By 2012, it is planned to reduce water consumption in Moscow to 200 l/person/day.
The second largest water consumption group is made up of industrial enterprises and commercial organizations (share - 14.7%). Drinking water consumption by this group for the period since 1995 has decreased by 15.9% and in 2008 amounted to 566 thousand m3/day. The following factors influenced the reduction of water consumption in the industrial sector:
Reducing the number of industrial enterprises;
Increasing the price of water;
Reduction of specific water consumption per unit of marketable output. This became possible thanks to the following activities carried out at the enterprises:
Application of water recycling systems;
Creation of closed water management systems for industrial enterprises.
Translation technological processes industrial enterprises for technical (river) water.
Introduction of low-water and waterless technologies.
The budgetary organizations of the city account for 6.9% of the total water consumption. Compared to 1995, water consumption by budget organizations decreased by 45.7% and in 2008 reached 265,000 m3/day. The main excessive consumption of water in this group of consumers is observed at the facilities of the departments of education, health care and military units.
As experience shows, the main reasons for the overestimated water consumption in educational institutions is the irrational use of water due to a non-closed water tap. Given this circumstance, MGUP Mosvodokanal, together with the Department of Education, is installing water-saving (vandal-proof) plumbing fixtures with portioned water supply in children's institutions. Such plumbing has already been installed in 206 educational institutions Moscow, which made it possible to save water at these facilities on average up to 35%.
In addition, in pursuance of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated February 10, 2004 No. 77-PP, all objects social sphere were equipped with cold and hot water meters.
Rational and careful use of drinking water is a strategic task. At present, water losses in Moscow amount to 6.8% of the total volume of its production. In Russia, this figure reaches 40%.
In March 2009, at a meeting of the Moscow Government, the concept of developing the city program "Clean Water" was approved. In accordance with this concept, the city provides for the following measures for water saving and rational water use:
Reducing losses in the water supply and sewerage system;
Organization of monitoring of all water consumers in the city in terms of assessing the condition of the internal sanitary systems of buildings;
Replacing drinking water with process water for a number of consumers with an appropriate feasibility study and sanitary and hygienic justification;
Improving water consumption accounting;
Completion of the transition to the settlements of managing organizations with the population for the actual consumption of water, based on the readings of metering devices;
Carrying out work on the normalization and control of pressure;
Improving water leak detection technology;
Reduction of irrational water use at the enterprises of the city;
Construction of water recycling systems;
Installation of anti-vandal sanitary fittings in the cultural and community sector and budgetary organizations.
Why do you need apartment water meters?
You will pay for the actual water consumed;
Thanks to the counters, there is a real opportunity to save not only water, but also the contents of your wallet. And this means: for everyone who wants to know how much and for what he pays, wants to be the master in his house and not throw money away, such a device is simply necessary. After installing an individual apartment water meter, you stop paying for water for those who live but are not registered in your house, you do not have to pay for water consumption in case of accidents, house leaks, leaks from faulty neighbors' taps.
With economical consumption of water, its actual consumption in everyday life, as a rule, is much less than the established consumption norms. Therefore, by installing meters and rationally using water in everyday life, you can significantly save on utility bills.
You will reduce water loss
As practice shows, out of the total volume of water consumed, 74% is useful water consumption, and 26% is losses. Most effective tool to combat water losses is the accounting of water supplied to consumers. Numerous data confirm that when installing water meters, there is a reduction in water consumption. According to the World Health Organization, water meters save up to 33% of water.
You will reduce the load on water bodies
By saving water, you not only save your own money, but also contribute to the protection of the environment: less natural water is required for water treatment, less water will be discharged into reservoirs after use. Beneficial for you, good for the environment!
Is it mandatory to install individual water meters in Russia?
Yes, it is required. According to the law on energy saving adopted by the Government Russian Federation in November 2009, payments for energy resources, including water, must be carried out on the basis of data on their quantitative value, determined using metering devices.
Until January 1, 2012, owners of premises in apartment buildings, residential buildings, country houses or garden houses with a centralized supply of resources are required to ensure that such houses are equipped with metering devices for the energy resources used, as well as putting the installed metering devices into operation. Wherein apartment buildings within the specified period must be equipped with collective common house water meters, as well as individual and common water meters for a communal apartment.
Since the adoption of the Law, it is not allowed to put into operation buildings, structures, structures without equipping them with energy and water metering devices.
Who should pay for the installation of meters?
The law obliges the owners of buildings, structures, structures, residential, country or garden houses, premises in apartment buildings to bear the costs of installing metering devices. Owners of metering devices are obliged to ensure the proper operation of these metering devices.
A constituent entity of the Russian Federation or a municipality has the right to provide support at the expense of the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or the local budget to certain categories of consumers by allocating funds to them for the installation of metering devices for the energy resources used.
For example, the Moscow Government decided to equip apartments owned by the city with water metering devices at the expense of the city budget, as well as apartments whose owners receive a subsidy for utility bills or are disabled and participants in the Great Patriotic War.
Currently, 50% of apartments in Moscow are equipped with individual appliances. Muscovites are convinced by their own example that with rational consumption, having an apartment water meter, the amount of payment for water supply and sanitation services is much less than when paying at the standard rate or according to a common house meter.
What requirements must meet water meters installed in the housing stock of the city?
On sale are widely represented individual water meters for both cold and hot water.
For installation in the housing stock of the city, it is allowed to use wing-type metering devices for cold and hot (up to 90 degrees Celsius) water with a counting mechanism isolated from water (dry meters).
Requirements for water meters:
1. The parameters of metering devices must comply with GOST R 50601 and 50193 (metrological class A - for installation on vertical pipelines, class B - for installation on horizontal pipelines).
2. The type of metering devices must be approved by the State Standard of the Russian Federation and entered in the State Register of Measuring Instruments. The metering device must have a passport, a certificate of conformity issued by a certification body accredited by the State Standard of the Russian Federation. In the passport of the metering device there must be a mark on the primary verification of the metering device
3. The calibration interval for cold water meters must be at least 5 years, for hot water meters - at least 4 years.
4. The diameter of the nominal passage of apartment water meters, regardless of the nominal water flow rate, should be 15 mm, the length of the meter (without connecting fittings) - 80 mm. Metering devices installed in the housing stock must have a built-in check valve.
5. The reliability of metering devices must be confirmed by accelerated wear tests (in cyclic load mode) carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 50193.
6. The reliability of the protection of metering devices from manipulation of their readings using external constant magnetic fields and / or the effectiveness of the magnetic impact indicator must be confirmed by tests carried out when approving the type of metering device by the State Standard of the Russian Federation or during certification in the GOST R system.
7.For installation in housing equipped with automated systems control of energy consumption, cold and hot water metering devices must have permanent or removable (installed or replaced during operation) devices for generating electrical impulses with a frequency proportional to the water flow through the metering device (pulse sensors, impulse price 1, 10 or 25 l). Any residential hot and cold water meters must have built-in pulse preparation systems (magnets) and the ability to install / replace removable pulse sensors during operation.
What should be done to pay less for water?
There is an opinion - "we will put the counter - we will pay less". Many residents are convinced by their own example that a water meter helps to save water, but does not solve all the problems of water saving and saving Money. Water consumption largely depends on the culture of water consumption, whether consumers have habits of caring for water.
In Soviet times, posters urged: "Save water!" However, we were not able to accustom to this. We open the faucet halfway or even more, in order to simply wash our hands, although a thin stream is quite enough.
Now look at your receipts: water is one of the most expensive items of our expenses! So what to do?
Watch how you and your family members spend water in the apartment. This will help you develop your own effective savings program, including money. We will recommend some ways to save water in everyday life.
Keep your home plumbing in good condition. This is the main source of water loss in everyday life. Only one faulty faucet can leak up to 6 m3 of water per day, or more than 2 thousand m3 per year. The indicators installed on the counter will help to do this. If the indicator moves, then there is a leak somewhere. Modern faucet boxes with ceramic-metal elements instead of "elastic" gaskets will allow you to forget about the eternal dripping from faucets.
Do not turn on the water at full jet. In 90% of cases, a small jet is sufficient, which will allow. Close faucets tightly and teach children to do this. And get 4-5 times savings.
Install lever faucets, they mix water faster to create the optimum temperature than faucets with two valves.
Install perlators, aerating nozzles, flow straighteners on taps. Their use, as well as diaphragms (washers) on distributing water pipes, will help reduce water consumption.
A little bit there and a little bit here - it turns out a decent water savings. Still, the main measure to save water should be considered a change in our habits.
Where can you save money at home?
In bathroom:
When brushing your teeth, try to turn on the water at the beginning and end of the procedure.
Turn off the faucet while shaving.
In countries where residents have been using water meters for a long time, it is customary to wash by drawing water into the sink and adding skin care products to the water. This allows you to get more and therapeutic effect.
To wash, just take a shower. A shower consumes an average of 5-7 times less water than a bath. And to reduce its consumption in general to a minimum, use water at the moments of rinsing and washing off the foam. Reduce your shower time to 5-7 minutes. Every two minutes taken away from your own desire to soak up a little longer under warm streams will save up to 30 liters of water. A shower handle with a water flow interrupter reduces water consumption by another quarter. The use of an economical diffuser with a smaller hole diameter will allow you to comfortably use water at half the flow rate. As a rule, such nozzles on new taps are included in the kit.
But, if you still prefer to relax in the bath, to save money, fill the bath halfway.
Washing clothes is more economical to use washing machines than washing by hand. Now they are equipped with special sensors that accurately determine the amount of laundry and automatically control the water consumption, taking into account the volume and type of load. By the way, it also saves electricity. Many washing machines have a half load mode that you can turn on when you only need to wash a few shirts. In terms of water savings, it is preferable to purchase a front-loading machine.
.
If you still prefer to wash by hand, do not rinse your laundry under running water. It is better to use a filled bath or basin.
In the kitchen:
Washing dishes under running water is doubly wasteful: in addition to water, the consumption of detergents increases. In Europe, it is common to clean the plates of leftover food and collect them in the sink. Then add detergent and wash. It is preferable to have a sink with two compartments in order to rinse in clean water in the second. Water savings - 3-5 times compared to the flow option.
Using dishwashers is a more expensive but effective way to save water. Modern models consume only 13–15 liters per wash cycle, during which 9 sets of dishes are washed.
Only use the dishwasher with a full load.
When washing dishes, you can skip the primary rinsing stage - both with manual and machine methods, that is, do not turn on running water until the detergent is washed off.
Economically wash vegetables and fruits in a sink filled with water with the faucet turned off.
Do not use water to defrost meat products. They can be thawed by leaving them in the refrigerator overnight.
In the toilet:
Carefully check if there is any water leakage from the drain tank. Usually it occurs due to old fittings in the tank. Replacing fittings is a penny business, and the savings are impressive. To check if there is a water leak in the toilet, you will need a small amount of dye (food). Pour it into the toilet bowl and wait 15 minutes. If the dye does not appear on the drain, then there is no leak.
If possible, replace the old toilet with a modern one that is equipped with a combination drain - 6 liters and 3 liters. This will save up to 6,000 liters of water per person per year. If your toilet's cistern doesn't have dual flush options, there's a simple trick to avoid wasting water: fill a two-liter plastic bottle with water and place it in the cistern. This simple device will save up to 20 liters of water per day.
Do not use the toilet as a trash can - this will allow you to press the drain less often.
