How to protect yourself from syphilis (methods of protection). Prevention of syphilis - all possible ways to avoid infection Precautions for syphilis after treatment

24.06.2017

Syphilis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. The disease is characterized by a specific course and symptoms, it is considered very contagious, thereforesyphilis prevention measuresThis is especially important for children and pregnant women.

Activities include a set of actions in the individual and public spheres aimed at preventing arazheni e. The existing recommendations can be divided into types: individual prevention and community, then - non-specific and specific, and there are also primary and secondary prevention activities. All types complement each other, and only an integrated approach solves the problem originally set.

Public Prevention Measures

Specified syphilis preventioncarried out by employees of medical institutions, consists of the following actions:

• regular examinations of the population in order to identify the disease;
• timely examination of pregnant women;
• sanitary-educational work among adolescents;
• treatment and medical examination of those who are ill and contagious to others.

Individual prevention

Such measures are based on warning contracting syphilis, a successful outcome depends on each individual. There are a number of recommendations, for the implementation of which a person is responsible to himself and society. Often it is the neglect of the recommendations that leads to infection.

The following steps will help prevent infection:

• safe sex. We are talking about both condoms for any kind of sex, and about choosing a reliable partner;
• observance of personal hygiene regarding the use of their household items - a razor, a towel, a washcloth. Health workers in contact with various biological fluids use PPE - gloves, masks, etc.;
• disinfection. If there was an unprotected sexual intercourse, it makes sense to treat the genitals with an antiseptic - a solution of chlorhexidine, or another means. Sometimes such emergency prevention of syphilisprotects against infection;
• before starting sexual relations with a new partner, both should be tested;
• regular preventive examinations and testing will help to solve problems in a timely manner.
  

Preventive treatment

For such an insidious disease assyphilis prevention using the above measures is not the only thing that can protect a person. In particular, for persons who have been in contact with a sick person (including children, pregnant women), as well as newborns whose mother was sick, medication is provided.preventive treatment.

The same applies to persons who received blood transfusions from patients with syphilis. For this, antibiotics are prescribed, more often from the group of penicillins. Patients who have been diagnosed with intolerance to this substance are prescribed antibacterial drugs from other groups.

Treatment of syphilisin adults, for the purpose of prevention, it involves the appointment of an antibiotic in various forms:

• water-soluble penicillin is administered daily, the dose is divided into 8 doses every 3 hours, even at night. The course lasts 14 days;
• twice a day, injections are made with sodium salt of penicillin. Course - 14 days;
• twice a week, an injection of a durant form of penicillin is given. This is Bicillin-1 or Bicillin-3. The course lasts 14 days.

If the patient is intolerant to penicillin, he is prescribed drugs from the group of tetracyclines (Doxycycline), macrolides (Azithromycin, Erythromycin). The doctor prescribes a specific drug based on data about the patient's health, age and course of the disease.

The indicated treatment is prescribed if no more than 3 months have passed since the day of contact. If the period is 3-6 months, before taking medication, the patient is prescribed 2 examinations with a break of 2 months. If more than 6 months have already passed since the potentially dangerous contact, one examination is sufficient. If a negative result is obtained, no treatment is necessary.

Preventive treatment in children is carried out according to the same indications - if there was sexual / household contact with a sick person. Potentially infected children under 3 years of age should be given antibiotics. For children older than 3 years, the doctor decides on the need for preventive treatment on an individual basis. Children, like adults, are prescribed drugs from the penicillin group. Those who have not yet reached the age of 2 are injected with penicillin sodium / novocaine salt. Those who are older are allowed to administer bicillins. Alternatives are synthetic penicillins - Ampicillin and Oxacillin. The convenience of Ampicillin is that it can be taken in tablets.

Measures to prevent congenital syphilis

Given that pale treponema, which causes syphilis, penetrates the placental barrier, the fetus may well become infected with the infection from a sick mother. If the pregnant woman was in contact with an infected person / had syphilis, after the birth the baby should be examined by specialists: a dermatovenereologist, a pediatrician, an otolaryngologist, an ophthalmologist and a neuropathologist. Be sure to do x-rays of the extremities and blood tests. If necessary, fluid from the spinal cord can be taken for analysis.

Cephalosporins and penicillins are prescribed as needed in a course of 2-3 weeks, the dosage is calculated individually, taking into account the body weight of the baby.

In some situationsprevention of congenital syphilisnot needed, these are the following cases:

• the woman had an illness and was treated before pregnancy;
• during pregnancy, the woman took an antibiotic for prophylactic purposes;
• the newborn has no signs of illness.

Only if all three of the above conditions are met, drug prophylaxis congenital syphilis is not required.

How to prevent intrauterine infection

If an adult knowshow not to get syphilis, and is able to do everything for this necessary measures, then the fetus in the mother's abdomen is absolutely not protected. Intrauterine infection can end badly - from fetal death to developmental abnormalities. Therefore, preventive measures have been developed:

• analysis for STDs is given before pregnancy, at the planning stage;
• several times during pregnancy, a woman is tested for syphilis - during registration, at 26 and 30 weeks, immediately before childbirth. If the result is positive, an additional study is prescribed, and if the disease is confirmed, a course of antibiotic treatment is indicated;
• prophylactic treatment of women in position, if previously treated for syphilis.

Preventive treatment in pregnant women may prevent infection of the fetus, but not always. If the result did not show effectiveness, the doctor suggests that the woman terminate the pregnancy, the final decision is for the pregnant woman.

In order not to face such a choice, during pregnancy planning it is worth being screened for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis. For those who have recently been treated, it is better not to become pregnant for a while until several tests confirm recovery.

Emergency preventive measures

In the case of unprotected intercourse, if there is a suspicion that the partner is sick, in the next two days, you can resort to emergency measures to prevent STDs. To do this, you need to contact a dermatovenerological dispensary or a venereologist in a clinic so that the doctor prescribes a course of antibacterial drugs. It is forbidden to drink pills on your own! If the dose is chosen incorrectly or the group of antibiotics is not effective in a particular case, then the symptoms of the test results will be smeared, while the disease will develop rapidly.

After the treatment prescribed by the doctor, they take tests, and then again for peace of mind. If no signs of syphilis appear within 2 months, then infection has not occurred.

How to prevent the spread of syphilis

Preventive measures are varied and effective, but much depends on the behavior of those people who carry the infection. In order not to become a source of health problems for other people, infected people should responsibly approach the implementation of the following recommendations and follow certain restrictions:

• with a positive result of the analysis for syphilis, it is imperative to undergo the prescribed treatment without delay or interruption - this is dangerous both in relation to one's health and to others;
• Notify all sexual partners with whom you have been in contact recent times- they must pass tests and check their health, if necessary, undergo treatment;
• it is desirable to be treated in a hospital, where the schedule for administering drugs every 3 hours will be clearly observed. Modern therapy regimens may suggest 1 injection once a week, but such treatment requires careful monitoring;
• at the end of treatment, you need to follow the schedule for visiting a venereologist and taking tests, since syphilis can take a long time, give relapses, etc. Treatment can last from a couple of weeks to a couple of years, depending on the stage of the disease. During treatment, you should avoid sexual intercourse, visit a doctor.

Summing up, it is worth recalling that syphilis is a dangerous and highly contagious disease, which during pregnancy is dangerous for both mother and child. For all patients, the disease is fraught with complications, since it causes serious aesthetic and physiological disorders.

Timely preventive diagnosis, intelligibility in sexual relations and serious attitude to your health will allow you not to face such a disease.

There is a popular belief that it is spread exclusively through sexual contact. This is a misconception - the disease is transmitted not only during unprotected sexual contact with a carrier of pale treponema, but also in other ways. The disease is dangerous, leads to serious consequences. Syphilis is treatable, but it is much easier to prevent its development than to undergo a complex therapeutic course. In what ways does pale treponema spread and is it possible to protect yourself from an insidious disease?

Despite the existence of a rather impressive list of ways of contracting syphilis, unprotected sex with a carrier of the infection still remains in the first place. In addition, the disease can be infected by household routes, such as:

• use of someone else's clothes;
• eating with public cutlery;
• when kissing or biting;
• from mother to child during breastfeeding;
• upon contact with the secretions of patients;
• as a result of visiting public toilets of swimming pools and beauty salons.

Thus, those people who are promiscuous, often changing partners, fall into the risk group in the first place. There is also a high probability of infection among doctors, especially gynecologists and urologists: they have to come into contact with infected people and their waste products.

To clarify the principles of general prevention, it is necessary to single out the risk groups for this disease in more detail. The main - people leading a promiscuous sex life. This has already been discussed above, but let's think about those who have a chance to directly encounter their biomaterial and catch a dangerous disease:

• doctors;
• employees of beauty salons;
• pool employees;
• cleaners;
• governess/maids.

To reduce risks, representatives of these professions need to especially carefully monitor compliance with hygiene rules. When working, it is necessary to use protective equipment: rubber gloves, masks (this is the minimum set, in some places it would be nice to fully put on impervious overalls, for example, in specialized clinics, but this, unfortunately, is not always possible).

Another risk group is unscrupulous people who constantly "live" in places where the infection accumulates. These include homeless people, alcoholics, drug addicts. The rules of personal hygiene are most often unfamiliar to them. Thus, this category of citizens is almost the main carrier of treponema.

• when communicating with such people or frequently staying in their habitats, for example, at work, do not forget to wash your hands thoroughly and take a shower daily;
• if it is impossible to avoid contact with potential carriers of treponema, then use protective equipment (respirators).

Also teach your children the rules of sanitation. It includes regular water procedures, cleaning of premises and limiting contacts with lumpen, who carry syphilis pathogens in their bodies in almost 70% of cases.

Individual prevention

Still, we have to return to the issue of unprotected sex with casual partners. Like it or not, this is the main way of transmitting a dangerous infection. The main protector is a condom. The myth that it is not able to prevent the spread of treponema is implausible. Theoretically, infection is possible if the rubber product is torn, but there is also a preventive measure here - you should not spare money for contraceptives. Condoms from a stall for 15 rubles are really not able to provide more or less high-quality protection against syphilis, but high-quality pharmacy products give a 98-99% guarantee.

In addition, additional preparations (ointments and gels) should be used, including:

costs about 342 rubles;
• Pharmatex, costs from 340 to 511 rubles;
• Gynecoteks, costs about 144 rubles;
• Sterile.

In combination with a condom, they reduce the risk of contracting any sexually transmitted disease, including syphilis, to almost zero. Please note that it is pointless to use these drugs without a rubber product.

Not a single contraceptive will give a 100% guarantee of protection against sexually transmitted diseases. The ideal way to prevent syphilis is to follow the rules of hygiene, and especially the careful choice of sexual partners.

Preventive treatment

We must say right away that it is unacceptable to make a decision on carrying out such preventive measures without the decision of a doctor. During the procedures, quite powerful medications, which can cause allergies, and also have a number of hard side effects. So if suddenly you have had close household or sexual contact with a potential carrier of syphilis, then first of all you need to go to the hospital.

Pale treponema is sensitive to penicillin. Preparations based on it are prescribed by physicians in the form of a short-term therapeutic course:

• Bicillin 3. 4 injections are made, divided into two procedures per week (the same strategy is used when using bicillin 5).
• Benzathine benylpenicillin. 2,400,000 units are injected at a time.
• Benzylpenicillin novocaine salt. The injection is done once a day for a week. The dosage is prescribed individually, but usually it is 600,000 IU per procedure.

Such preventive treatment is allowed only during the incubation period of treponema. If syphilis has already manifested itself as symptoms, another therapeutic strategy is formed. The considered preparations and dosages in such a situation will only lead to a loss of time necessary for a full healing.

Prevention of congenital and intrauterine syphilis

The baby becomes infected with treponema from the mother, which, in turn, can acquire an infection:

• before conception;
• during pregnancy;
• in childhood (intrauterine or congenital form).

The fetus may not contract syphilis, but immunity should be maintained during pregnancy to reduce the risk. Help with this vitamin complexes and immunomodulators.

Mothers should be regularly examined during gestation and breastfeeding. If the initial form of the disease is suddenly detected, then the development of the infection should be immediately stopped. It is impossible to give general recommendations here (more precisely, it is possible, but we won’t, it’s too individual), all decisions are made only by a doctor and only according to the results of the examination. Note that if the mother is healthy and the father is sick, then expectant mother contact should be kept to a minimum. Immunity weakened by pregnancy, most likely, will not survive in the fight against treponema.

Emergency prevention

Measures for emergency prevention of syphilis should be carried out no later than two hours after coming into contact with a confirmed carrier of treponema. You can carry it out both at home and in a clinical setting, there is not much difference - everything is quite simple. For this it is used:

• miramistin;
• chlorhexidine diglucanate;
• silver nitrate;
• potassium permanganate.

Use the funds should be in accordance with the section of the instructions on the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. They do not guarantee protection against syphilis, but only reduce the likelihood of its development. Since the frequent use of the above drugs can cause thrush and bacterial vaginosis, resorting to them is allowed only in a situation of accidental unprotected contact with an infected person.

You can also find out by watching this video what syphilis is, what you need to do to avoid this dangerous disease.

Prevention of syphilis is a set of fairly simple measures, the observance of which will help protect against a life-threatening disease. It is not surprising that the disease is classified as a group of socially significant problems: it is easily transmitted, but it is very difficult to get rid of the disease even today. That is why the issues of general and individual prevention of syphilis must be approached with all seriousness.

Features of the disease

Almost every one of us is at risk of this disease. But in order to prevent infection and avoid a lot of trouble, you need to be as knowledgeable as possible in the following issues related to syphilis:

• etiology;
• epidemiology;
• clinic;
• prevention.

Etiology

Let's start in order. The cause of syphilis, like any other infectious disease, is infection with pathogenic microorganisms. In this case, the causative agent of infection is pale treponema. These microbes multiply by transverse division in a 30-hour cycle. In blood or serum at a temperature of +4 °C, the infection is viable throughout the day. This feature is important to consider during direct blood transfusion. Pale treponema instantly dies in a dry environment under the influence of ultraviolet rays and high temperatures(above +42 °С). Microbes die in contact with preparations of arsenic, mercury and bismuth. In frozen tissues, treponema live for several weeks, and in a humid environment - no more than 15 hours. The infection enters the human body through the damaged epidermis or mucous membranes.

Epidemiology

Only a person can get sick with syphilis, and therefore an infected patient is a source of infection transmission. The disease can be acquired or congenital. Elementary reminders of syphilis prevention are present in medical institutions in almost all countries of the world, but, unfortunately, the disease continues to be diagnosed everywhere. In some states or their individual regions, the incidence can reach almost epidemic proportions.

Clinic (symptoms)

Not only healthy people need to know about the prevention of syphilis, but also those who have already contracted the infection. As you know, this disease occurs in several stages, at each of which the probability of transmission of the pathogen and the route of infection change. The main symptom of syphilis is the appearance of hard ulcers (chancre). Foci of erosion are painless, especially in the initial stages, have a bright color and clear oval borders. In addition, the disease may be accompanied by:

• persistent subfebrile condition;
• insomnia;
• headaches;
• aches in the body, joints, bones;
• malaise;
• swelling of the genitals.

Transmission of infection through sexual contact

Most often, syphilis is contracted during vaginal, anal and oral sex. With unprotected intercourse with a carrier of pale treponema, the probability of “picking up” the disease reaches 80%. Women are especially susceptible to infection. In this case, the main measure for the prevention of syphilis will be the use of a condom or a latex napkin.

Disease prevention

• Those who are sexually active should be tested at least once a year for sexually transmitted infections, including syphilis.
• Both men and women need to avoid sexual intercourse with casual and little-known partners.
• It is important to use barrier methods of contraception. Reception hormonal drugs and the installation of an intrauterine device prevent the onset of an unwanted pregnancy, but do not protect against pale treponema.

In addition, it should be remembered that a condom does reduce the chances of infection, but does not completely eliminate them. The likelihood of infection increases if you have sex with a partner whose body is strewn with chancre. Do not neglect the condom and oral caresses - it is the refusal to use latex products that leads to the appearance of bright red erosive ulcers in the mouth.

On the Web, you can find other recommendations for the prevention of syphilis. Women after unsafe sex are advised to immediately urinate, wash their genitals with soap and douche with a bactericidal composition. However, the effectiveness of such measures to prevent syphilis is extremely negligible. In addition, frequent vaginal douching causes disturbances in the composition of the microflora, which often become the causes of a number of gynecological problems.

Household syphilis

Infectious are syphilitic rashes with an erosive or ulcerative surface, saliva, semen, breast milk, blood and lymph fluid. household way transmission of infection is relevant in direct contact with ulcerative foci. A serous fluid is released from the syphilitic chancre, teeming with representatives of pale treponema. With close household contact with the patient and the presence of damage to the skin, the chances of infection increase.

How not to get infected from a patient with syphilis, living with him in the same house

You can protect yourself from infection, but it is important to follow a number of rules regarding personal hygiene, the use of certain items, etc. Living in the same room with an infected person poses a real threat to all households. First of all, you need:

• Exclude any touching and bodily contact, including hugs, handshakes and kisses.
• A person with syphilis should have individual dishes and cutlery. It must be washed separately from the rest, after which it must be treated with disinfectant solutions.
• In no case should you share personal hygiene items (toothbrush, washcloth, razors) and everyday items (towels, bed linen, clothes, etc.).
• It is important to regularly disinfect the bathtub, sink, toilet bowl.

Hematological mode of infection

Syphilis is also transmitted through the blood. Treponema pallidum can be contracted by direct blood transfusion. However, this type of infection is common among single-syringe drug addicts. For people leading a normal life, the chances of infection are minimal because:

• if transfusion is necessary, donor blood is examined in a timely manner for the detection of pale treponema;
• the causative agent of syphilis dies during storage of blood or its conservation after 4-5 days.

intrauterine infection

As such, the prevention of congenital syphilis does not exist. If the expectant mother is infected, with a probability of up to 90%, we can talk about infection of the fetus. It most often occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy. Pale treponema first affects the placenta, and through it - the child. When infected with syphilis during the period of gestation, it is impossible to bring the pregnancy to the due date. But even if the fetus survives in the mother's womb, then such a child is born with congenital syphilis and, as a result, severe lesions of the internal organs.

Prevention during pregnancy

• It is necessary to undergo laboratory tests for syphilis at the stage of motherhood planning.
• All women during pregnancy should take a blood test for RV (Wasserman reaction, RW) several times.
• If at least one of the results turned out to be positive, additional studies are assigned. When the diagnosis is confirmed, a pregnant woman will have to undergo antibiotic treatment.
• After treatment and prevention of syphilis, women should be registered and observed by a doctor for about a year.

If preventive therapy is ineffective, the pregnant woman is offered to terminate the pregnancy for medical reasons. To avoid having to make this difficult choice, all girls planning a pregnancy should be screened for STDs beforehand. For the purpose of prevention after syphilis, you do not need to immediately abandon contraceptives. They must be used until confirmed. complete cure from infection with multiple test results.

Urgent preventive measures

After unprotected sex with a potential carrier of pale treponema, there is still a chance to prevent infection and the development of the disease. This can be done within the first two days after intercourse.

Emergency prophylaxis consists in consultation and urgent examination by a venereologist. Since such a disease in the initial stages is characterized by a latent course, the doctor will prescribe treatment in addition to the prevention of syphilis. In clinics, venereologists prescribe strong antibiotics that help in the shortest possible time to kill an infection that has not yet spread.

But remember that you can not take such drugs on your own. An incorrectly selected dosage, regimen, or inappropriate active substance can have the opposite effect, prolonging the incubation period, and provoke a false negative result of a blood test for RV.

After some time, you should re-donate blood for syphilis to make sure there is no infection. For greater certainty, the specialist will advise you to undergo a second study in a couple of months. If during this period no symptoms appear, there is no doubt about the effectiveness of the prophylaxis.

Medical ways to prevent syphilis

By the way, today there is no optimal vaccination against this disease, so the use of drugs and emergency prevention are the only effective methods of protection.

Speaking of specific prevention syphilis, it is worth noting that it is carried out independently by a person who has been exposed to the risk of infection as a result of communication with an unreliable sexual partner. Such prevention is carried out with the help of pocket funds. Before using drugs, be sure to read the instructions. To prevent syphilis without prior approval from your doctor, you can use:

• "Chlorhexidine".
• Miramistin.
• "Cidipol".
• "Gibitan".

Specific prophylaxis of syphilis is carried out by both sexes. For men, they take a 2-3% aqueous solution of Protargol, Gibitan, Cidipol. Women should use a more gentle concentration (1-2%) solution of silver nitrate and other antimicrobial agents.

How to stop the spread of infection

Despite numerous measures to prevent syphilis, a lot depends on the behavior of infected people. In order to prevent further transmission of infection, infected individuals should observe a number of restrictions:

• Upon receipt of a positive test result, treatment should begin immediately. There should be no delays or interruptions in therapy, as this is dangerous not only for the patient himself, but also for his loved ones.
• Be sure to report the diagnosis to all sexual partners, especially those with whom there was sexual contact during the incubation period.
• Despite the fact that the patient's condition allows for treatment at home, hospitalization in a dermatological dispensary will be of primary importance. Within the walls of a medical institution, under the supervision of specialists, the patient must take medication every 3 hours for 2-3 weeks. There are other regimens in which the patient is given a once-weekly injection of a long-acting antibacterial drug, but such therapy needs to be more closely monitored.
• After completing the course of treatment, it is important to continue visiting the venereologist and periodically take tests.

Syphilis can recur for a long time, alternating with periods of remission. The duration of treatment of the disease is determined on an individual basis. It can last from several weeks to several years.

Prevention of the disease is largely ensured by the use of condoms - the simplest means of barrier contraception. If the infection is detected at an early stage and adequately treated, the prognosis for the patient is favorable. Meanwhile, cases of death, provoked by serious complications due to syphilis, are not uncommon today. This circumstance is associated not only with the individual capabilities of a weakened immune system body, but also neglect of medical prescriptions, unwillingness to change lifestyle.

Syphilis is one of those diseases, the risk of contracting which through sexual contact is extremely high. Especially dangerous is close contact with a person with syphilis who has skin rashes, which themselves are very contagious.

If there is a person in the family with syphilis, then it is necessary to take preventive measures so that the rest of the family does not become infected.

Most often, these preventive measures are not complicated: they simply coincide with common hygiene rules:

• use separate dishes (wash thoroughly with soap after use)
• use personal hygiene products
• avoid sexual intercourse, kissing with a patient with syphilis at an infectious stage.

Subject to these elementary rules, the risk of contracting syphilis during everyday communication is minimal.

A high degree of risk appears with casual relationships with unfamiliar or strangers, despite the fact that sexual contact takes place without a condom. Prevention of syphilis after such accidental contact is necessary:

• immediately after sexual contact (within 2 hours) to carry out preventive treatment.
• it is possible, after waiting a few weeks, to be examined by a venereologist for syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases (it makes no sense to be examined earlier, because during the incubation period of syphilis, not only there are no symptoms of the disease, but also tests for serological reactions give a negative result)
• do not self-medicate (this can lead to a delay in the incubation period of syphilis, and, as a result, to false test results)
• convince your partner to get tested for sexually transmitted infections

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Public prevention of syphilis is carried out according to general rules fight against venereal diseases. Important components of this prevention are: mandatory registration of all patients with syphilis, examination of family members and persons who were in close contact with the patient, hospitalization of patients and subsequent monitoring of them for several months, constant control dispensary monitoring of the treatment of patients with syphilis.

Community preventive measures include:

• regular examination for sexual infections of persons at risk (prostitutes, drug addicts, etc.)
• double or triple serological examination of pregnant women in order to prevent congenital syphilis in a child
• additional prophylactic treatment for pregnant women who had syphilis before pregnancy and were deregistered

In addition to public prevention of syphilis, there is also personal prevention, which includes quite understandable points: refraining from casual sex and using condoms. more literate and reliable protection from syphilis has not yet been invented.

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However, there are several "folk" methods for the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, including syphilis, in contact with a random partner:

• washing immediately after contact with the external genitalia with water or soap and water
• flushing the vagina or rectum with a douche, enema, or douche
• washing the vagina or rectum with chlorine-containing antiseptics, and some others

Unfortunately, it is officially recognized by medicine that none of these methods gives any guarantees, and some of them (for example, vaginal douching) can even harm the person using them.

Therefore, the best prevention of syphilis can be called a close relationship with a permanent healthy partner, and if an accidental relationship did take place, an early examination by a venereologist as possible.

To get advice from a venereologist on measures to prevent syphilis, to be tested for syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections, or to undergo drug prophylaxis for syphilis, please contact our Euromedprestige medical center.