Publication date: 03-12-2019

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

Chlamydia is a serious sexually transmitted disease that recurs with improper treatment. But how to treat chlamydia in order to completely get rid of it? Let's consider everything in detail effective methods treatment.

Choice of drug

Chlamydia is an infection that causes active inflammation in the urinary tract. To combat this complication, various drugs of different groups are prescribed. The course of treatment for chlamydia is prescribed individually for each patient based on the individual characteristics of his body.

It is also mandatory to prescribe a course of drugs to strengthen immune system. If the immune system does not influence the infection, then drug treatment will be useless.

For the treatment of chlamydia, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:

Importance of antibiotics

In order to get rid of chlamydia, antibiotics must be used. It is the most important drug in the treatment of chlamydia. In the chronic form of the disease, several types of antibiotics are used, because chlamydia tends to mutate, getting used to previously used drugs.

Drugs are selected by the attending physician only on the basis of a study of chlamydia for the sensitivity of a particular drug. Among the most effective drugs in the treatment of chlamydia, the following can be distinguished: Doxycycline, Pevloxacin, Vilprofen, Erythromycin, Levofloxacin.

How is the treatment going?

The treatment regimen for chlamydia depends on its form. If chlamydia is detected at an early stage or manifests itself in a sluggish form, then the treatment regimen consists of the following steps:

1. Preparatory. It takes a week. During this period, drugs are prescribed to strengthen the immune system. Microclysters and baths with Chlorhexidine solution are prescribed.
2. Basic. This stage takes 10-14 days. During this period, antibiotics and antifungal drugs are prescribed.
3. Restorative. Lasts about 14 days. During this period, drugs are prescribed that help restore the intestinal microflora and the normal functioning of the liver.

More difficult to treat chronic chlamydia, which, as a rule, is accompanied by inflammation of the internal genital organs of a person. In this case, the following treatment regimen is applied:

1. Antibiotics are prescribed vitamin complexes, antioxidants and drugs that stimulate the immune system. On the seventh day of treatment, antifungal agents and enzymes are introduced into the course of treatment.
2. Two weeks later, hypatoprotectors are introduced, special physiotherapeutic procedures (ultrasound and laser magnetic waves) are prescribed.

Treatment of chlamydia can only be successful if only active drugs that can penetrate chlamydia cells are used; the form of the disease is correctly determined and all lesions are identified; the course of treatment should last at least three weeks, which will cover several life cycles of chlamydia and destroy all pathogens.

The use of folk remedies

Chlamydia is a disease that accompanies a person for many hundreds of years. During this time, folk healers have developed several effective recipes.

Douching of the genital organs with a decoction of a maned caragana. To prepare a decoction, pour one tablespoon with 200 milliliters hot water. Next, the mixture is insisted for at least half an hour, after which it is filtered. The decoction is drawn into a small syringe and injected into the vagina or urethra.

To strengthen the immune system, lemongrass or ginseng juice, echinacea or eleutherococcus tincture are used. They are diluted in 100 milliliters of water, to which as many drops of the substance are added as the patient is years old.

Collection of herbs is very effective in chlamydia: dill (one teaspoon), fireweed leaf (three teaspoons), chamomile (two teaspoons), hop cones (two teaspoons), oregano (two teaspoons), mint (two teaspoons). ), meadowsweet flowers (two teaspoons), cyanosis roots (one teaspoon) and calamus (two teaspoons). All herbs are carefully ground in a coffee grinder, after which 500 milliliters of boiling water are poured. The mixture is poured into a thermos and infused for 12 hours. The collection must be taken 50 milliliters four times a day. It is worth noting that pregnant women are not allowed to take this mixture of herbs.

Douching with tincture of calendula flowers on alcohol (with a strength of not more than 70 degrees) effectively helps.

The herb should be infused for 14 days in a dark place in a glass dish, which should be shaken every day. Before douching, the tincture is diluted with warm water in a ratio of 1:10 (one part of the tincture).

Treatment with folk remedies can only be used as additional measures. Many venereologists prescribe folk remedies at the same time with medicines because they help the patient to more easily endure the side effects of drugs.

The effectiveness of the treatment of chlamydia depends on the timely treatment of the patient to the doctor, who will prescribe the correct treatment regimen. But the main thing to remember is that chlamydia is sexually transmitted, so casual sex should be avoided.

Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Pathology of an infectious nature is dangerous with the possibility of developing multiple serious complications, including infertility, infections of the genitourinary system, impotence, pyelonephritis. The treatment of the disease becomes more complicated every year, since patients are more often diagnosed with the chronic stage of the infection. Taking antibiotics for chlamydia in women and men is the basis of effective therapy.

What you need to know about the disease before treatment?

Ways of infection

The most common infection with chlamydia trachomatis occurs as a result of sexual contact (oral, vaginal, anal sex). Unlikely but possible household way transfers - linen, toiletries, bath accessories, on which wet secretions remain.

Pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted to a newborn child in a vertical way - from the mother at the time of passage through the birth canal. The disease can also be transmitted by airborne droplets when sneezing, coughing from a person infected with chlamydial pneumonia.

Symptoms, possible complications

In most cases (67% of infected women, 46% of men), an asymptomatic course of the disease is recorded. As a result, the patient does not receive timely adequate therapy, which significantly increases the risk of complications. During the asymptomatic course of the disease, a person is dangerous to others - healthy people are infected. That is why the disease is so common among the sexually active population around the world.

In men with chlamydia, a colorless liquid from the urethra is fixed, the urethra itself becomes swollen, reddened, and painful. The disease is accompanied by pain in the groin, discomfort during urination. Possible Complications- impotence, infertility, prostatitis, urethritis, impaired spermogenesis.

In the absence of treatment, women experience complications - ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage, infertility, increases the risk of developing cancer.

Principles of therapy

Treatment for chlamydia is based on the use of antibiotics. The purpose of antibiotic therapy is to disrupt the integrity of the membranes of microorganisms, paralyze their DNA, stop rapid reproduction in the reproductive system. As a result of receiving adequate treatment, the likelihood of the disease flowing into chronic form, it is possible to reduce the number of relapses, to minimize the occurrence of complications.

Basic principles of therapy:

• antibiotics for chlamydia are prescribed based on the results of a sensitivity test for these drugs (antibiogram);
• the therapeutic course must be taken by all partners at the same time, it is necessary to exclude sexual contacts for the duration of therapy;
• refusal of spicy, spicy foods, alcoholic beverages, strong physical activity is an integral part of the treatment;
• prescribed medications are taken according to a certain scheme, the disease is treated only if the full course is completed;
• after the completed course of antibacterial agents, restorative therapy is necessarily prescribed, aimed at balancing the intestinal microflora.

Antifungal agents, enzymes, enzymes, bacteriophages are also used. Two weeks after the course, if necessary, physiotherapy (electrophoresis, ultrasound, magnetotherapy) can be prescribed.

The greatest effectiveness of antibiotics is achieved through intramuscular, intravenous administration, which increases the bioavailability of active substances with a maximum distribution in cells.

The sexually transmitted disease chlamydia is spreading all over the world today. If you do not appoint a competent one, the consequences of the disease are very seriously reflected on the functioning of human organs.

Reproductive functions in men and women can be impaired, which leads to many pathologies.

Tablets for the treatment of chlamydia are practiced in the use of different antibacterial groups. But even their use does not always 100% save a person from the disease, after a while the insidious disease returns and spreads chlamydia throughout the body.

The features of the disease are that most patients, having a chronic form of urogenital chlamydia, are not amenable to drug treatment, and it becomes ineffective.

Little girls suffer from the presence of chlamydia on the vaginal mucosa.

Reference: infection reduces the protective properties human body which transforms the acute form of the disease into a chronic one.

Often, chlamydia manifests itself in combination with other inflammatory pathologies, it manifests itself with symptoms uncharacteristic of this disease, which makes it difficult to correctly diagnose and effectively treat.

The female body is more at risk of contracting an infection than the male body.

Ways of transmission of infection

There are several options for infection:

• The infection is widely spread through sexual contact. People with frequent change of sexual partners, with unprotected sex, are most exposed to infection.
• The contact-household method of distribution is rare, but it does occur. Transmission occurs through household items. 40% of people become infected in this way by contact or living with infected patients.
• The vertical method transmits the disease during pregnancy from mother to fetus, or during childbirth, when the baby passes through the birth canal.
• The disease is transmitted through close contact with sick domestic or wild pets or birds.

There are other reasons for the spread of infection. If a woman uses an intrauterine device for a long time or does not follow the rules of personal hygiene, these factors lead to the appearance of bacteria in the body.

Weak immunity, frequent use of antibacterial agents, open the way for the spread of chlamydia.

Another reason for the infection to settle in the body is emotional stress, frequent stresses that the patient cannot cope with on his own.

Methods of diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosing chlamydia is difficult, because the pathogenic microorganism is directly related to its vital activity.

It is important to know that chlamydia is an intracellular organism, it enters the cell and lives in the host cell. The hosts are the mucous membranes of the genital human organs.

With chlamydia, they are divided according to the principles that become the basis of a particular method. Modern medicine uses many ways to diagnose an infection:

Each technique has been tested over the years by medicine and laboratory assistants of different categories, and has its pros and cons.

Experts advise not to dwell on one diagnostic method, but to use complex methods to detect chdamydia or confirm their absence in the body.

Treatment is advised to use complex. Only one antibacterial drug cannot cope with the infection, so a number of appropriate drugs are used to get rid of it.

Medical therapy for men and women

It is important to understand that effective treatment will be in the case when it actively acts on the causative agent of the infection. When the disease has a primary form, chlamydia tablets for men are prescribed by a specialist from the macrolide group. But drugs that belong to tetracycline antibiotics have disadvantages:

Treatment lasts longer than one week. If treated less, the result will not be positive.

Taking drugs for two weeks, the course of treatment does not guarantee that the infection will not return to the body after a certain time.

Relapses are excluded when the course of treatment lasts 21 days. This period affects seven cycles of the spread of chlamydia. But the regimen is not always convenient for patients. They violate the timely intake of antibacterial drugs, which does not lead to a positive result.

If you take chlamydia pills for men irregularly or skip taking them, you can cause the infection to become addictive to the drugs.

Long-term use of antibiotics leads to a number of other diseases. Therefore, treatment should take place with the use of preventive measures for all organs of the human body.

Reference: studies have shown that the drug "Azithromycin" most effectively rids the body of chlamydia. It has several advantages over other antibiotics:

Therefore, Sumamed (Azithromycin) is an antibacterial drug that will cure chlamydia 100%, as it meets all the requirements.

If the question arises, which pills to drink from chlamydia in men with a chronic form of the disease, you should consult a specialist.

The most common treatment regimens for effective drugs are:

1. "" reception, which should take place according to the scheme: in the morning and in the evening, 200 mg, the course of treatment is 28 days.
2. Pulse therapy leads to a positive result in the treatment. The scheme is simple: 7 days of antibiotics, 7 days off. According to this scheme, the treatment is carried out three times.
3. Reception "" 2 times a day, 500 mg, the course of admission is 5 days.
4. In parallel, eubiotics are prescribed: Linex, Bifiform, Subalin.
5. Must be accepted anti-candida drugs: Nystatin, Fluconazole.

Preparations for immunity are prescribed for complex treatment.

Pills for chlamydia in women are identical to men. But when prescribing therapy, the doctor should know if the patient is pregnant or nursing.

During pregnancy, it is better to give up pills and use candles. Until the 20th week of pregnancy, treatment is not carried out so as not to harm the unborn baby and not affect the development of the fetus.

Effects

In addition to pain in the affected organs, women and men may have other negative consequences:

• during pregnancy, the fetus undergoes developmental pathology;
• often there is an involuntary termination of pregnancy in the first trimester;
• preterm birth occurs;
• weak labor activity leads to surgical operations during the birth of the baby;
• statistics fixes 15% of intrauterine fetal hypoxia;
• in men, the disease leads to infertility;
• in males, when the infection spreads to the prostate, chlamydia causes erectile dysfunction;
• chronic pelvic pain occurs.

The features of the disease are that it does not always have pronounced symptoms, and sometimes they are absent altogether. Therefore, during the examination, laboratory tests for the presence of infection should be carried out if there is doubt about the 100% healthy state of the body.

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Content

Some diseases are dangerous not only by their nature, but also by the fact that they pose a threat to others and relatives of the patient, so you should not delay treatment. In the case of chlamydia, the doctor will definitely prescribe antibiotics. Which of them will be the most effective will be shown by the results of a preliminary analysis for the sensitivity of pathogens to the active substance. The patient only needs to take the pills according to the instructions and familiarize himself with the side effects of these drugs in advance.

What is chlamydia

Urogenital chlamydia is diagnosed more often, and the disease in 67% of cases is asymptomatic for a long time. Even with a hidden course of infection, a sick person is able to infect his healthy partner. Obvious clinical signs of chlamydia in men are:

• mucous discharge from the urethra;
• itching and burning during urination;
• redness and swelling of the opening of the urethra.

Women are able to transmit chlamydia to newborns through the birth canal, so doctors recommend testing for bacterial and viral genital infections before planning a pregnancy. It is possible to suspect that something is wrong characteristic symptoms pathology, for women it is:

• mucous yellow or purulent-mucous discharge from the vagina with an unpleasant odor;
• itching and burning during urination;
• increased body temperature;
• pain in the lower abdomen.

Treatment

Chlamydia can be in a “sleeping” state for a long time and become active if a person becomes very cold or has some kind of viral infection. Moreover, the consequences of finding these microorganisms in human cells can be very serious. In 40% of cases, chlamydia in men causes prostatitis, urethritis, epididymitis. In women, this pathology provokes infertility, endometritis, inflammation of the appendages, fallopian tubes, and the uterine mucosa.

In order to prevent the development of complications with the slightest symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor and, even in the absence of characteristic signs, regularly visit a gynecologist or urologist. Treatment of chlamydia is carried out by taking antibiotics, and both sexual partners must take the medication at the same time. At this time, you should avoid sexual intercourse or use a condom.

The average course of therapy lasts from one to three weeks, then three times at intervals of about a month it is necessary to take control tests. Often chlamydia is accompanied by the addition of a secondary infection - gonorrhea, syphilis, ureaplasmosis, gardnerellosis. In order for the treatment to be effective, the doctor chooses a combined tactic, that is, he prescribes several groups of antibiotics at once.

High level effectiveness is achieved through intravenous or intramuscular administration of antibacterial drugs, but tablets are sometimes prescribed. In complex therapy, antifungal agents, immunomodulators, bacteriophages, digestive enzymes, and vitamin supplements can be additionally used. After recovery, the doctor will recommend a course of physiotherapy - electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, ultrasound treatment.

Antibiotics for chlamydia

Tetracyclines

Antibiotics of the tetracycline series help to cope with the disease at the initial stage of its development, when the infection has not yet given inflammation and there are no complications. The mechanism of operation of this group of antibacterial drugs is aimed at suppressing protein synthesis by disrupting the specific binding of bacterial RNA and the ribosome. The resistance of microorganisms to tetracycline develops slowly, therefore, in medical practice, it is not customary to prescribe small doses of such antibiotics. Popular antibacterial agents of this group:

• tetracycline hydrochloride;
• doxycycline;
• minocycline;
• Unidox Solutab.

Tetracycline hydrochloride

The drug is available in various dosage forms - capsules, tablets, ointment, solutions for injections in hermetically sealed glass containers. All medicines are over-the-counter and sold in pharmacies. The main advantage of all types of drugs is their cost - you will have to pay only about 100-150 rubles for a package of tablets. Tetracycline hydrochloride has a bacteriostatic effect against gram-negative or positive microorganisms, some types of protozoa.

The drug is prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of various etiologies. An antibiotic for chlamydia is used orally in dosages of 0.25 grams every 6 hours. Intramuscular injections are used in severe forms of the disease. The drug is contraindicated in leukopenia, in the third trimester of pregnancy, in violation of the liver. During treatment, it is possible to develop side effects:

• nausea or vomiting;
• pain in the abdomen;
• stool disorders;
• allergic reactions, rashes;
• intestinal dysbacteriosis;
• candidiasis.

doxycycline for chlamydia

Semi-synthetic antibiotic is available in the form of capsules with a soft gelatin shell. The drug has a bacteriostatic effect and is active against aerobic cocci, gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. Doxycycline is prescribed for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, with lesions of the skin.

The drug, like Tetracycline hydrochloride, is inexpensive, available without a prescription. It inhibits the intestinal microflora to a lesser extent than similar tetracycline antibiotics, has good absorption and duration of exposure. Adults and children weighing over 45 kg are prescribed 200 mg of Doxycycline on the first day of treatment, then the dose is reduced to 100 mg per day. The course of therapy varies from 10 to 14 days.

The drug is not prescribed for lactose intolerance, lactase deficiency, porphyria, leukopenia. While taking the tablets, adverse reactions from various organs and systems may occur:

• central nervous system- increased intracranial pressure, dizziness, swelling of the optic nerve head;
• organs of hearing and vision - ringing in the ears, the appearance of blind spots in the field of vision;
• digestive tract - nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, pain in the epigastric zone;
• allergic reactions - skin rash, itching, hyperemia, angioedema, Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
• heart and blood vessels - pericarditis, decreased blood pressure, erythema.

minocycline

Semi-synthetic antibiotic is available in the form of capsules. The active substance - minocycline hydrochloride dihydrate - affects the cells of microorganisms by inhibiting protein synthesis at the level of ribosomes. The drug has a wide spectrum of bacteriostatic activity. A significant drawback of Minocycline is its price. For a package of 20 tablets of 100 mg, you will have to pay up to 1000 rubles.

The antibiotic is prescribed for the treatment of acne, skin infections, conjunctivitis, chlamydia and other infectious diseases provoked by pathogens sensitive to minocycline. Capsules are taken orally, after meals, at a dosage of 100 mg (1 capsule) every 12 hours. Contraindications are similar to drugs Doxycycline and Tetracycline hydrochloride. While taking the capsules, the following adverse reactions may occur:

• anorexia;
• nausea with vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• colitis;
• pancreatitis;
• vulvovaginal candidiasis;
• baldness;
• exacerbation of asthma;
• dyspnea;
• noise in ears;
• hearing impairment;
• discoloration of the oral cavity - tongue, teeth, palate.

macrolides

A group of antibiotics, which is produced mainly in the form of tablets or suspensions. The pharmacological properties of macrolides are somewhat different from the antibacterial drugs of the tetracycline series. The effect of these drugs is aimed at disrupting protein synthesis during its transfer to bacterial cell structures. Macrolides bind to the center of the ribosome, destroying peptide bonds and leading to disruption of cyclicity.

The disadvantage of this group of antibiotics is that they act more slowly than their counterparts. This is due to the fact that they do not completely destroy bacteria, but stop their viability and reproduction. To macrolides, microorganism resistance is rapidly developing, so these drugs are prescribed less frequently than tetracyclines. In this case, the risk of allergic reactions is minimal. Popular medicines in this group include:

• Azithromycin;
• Erythromycin;
• Macrofoam;
• Wilprafen;
• Clarithromycin;
• Klacid;
• Rulid.

Azithromycin

One of the most commonly prescribed drugs. It is quickly absorbed and well tolerated by patients, it is able to suppress the growth of Haemophilus influenzae. Azithromycin is prescribed not only for chlamydia, but also during the treatment of bacterial diseases of the upper respiratory tract or ENT organs. The bactericidal effect lasts up to 24 hours, so Azithromycin tablets are taken once a day, on an empty stomach, 1 capsule at a time.

The standard course of treatment for infections of the genitourinary system is 3-5 days. If necessary, the therapy can be repeated after three months. With caution, Azithromycin is used during childbearing. Tablets are contraindicated in severe disorders of the kidneys or liver, during lactation. Negative reactions of the body occur extremely rarely, it is possible:

• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• abdominal pain;
• flatulence;
• headache;
• constipation;
• dizziness.

Clarithromycin for chlamydia

Semi-synthetic broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic. Clarithromycin is indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections of the respiratory tract, peptic ulcer, sexually transmitted diseases. The drug has a minimum of contraindications, including:

• individual intolerance;
• childhood up to 12 years;
• pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The standard daily dose for adults is 500 mg divided into two doses. Duration of use - 7 days. Caution must be exercised during the treatment of patients with renal or hepatic impairment. In the case of simultaneous use of anticoagulants, it is necessary to regularly monitor the level of platelets in the blood. During treatment with Clarithromycin, vomiting, stomach pain, diarrhea, dizziness may occur.

Klacid

Prolonged-release tablets inhibit protein synthesis in the microbial cell by interacting with ribosomes. Klacid is able to accumulate in the focus of inflammation, highly effective against a large number of gram-negative and positive microorganisms, anaerobes and protozoa. The drug is prescribed in the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, skin and urinary tract infections.

The medicine for chlamydia is prescribed once at 500 mg (1 tablet) 1 time per day. In the chronic form of the disease, the dosage can be increased to 2 tablets. Take the drug with food for 5-7 days. Treatment with Klacid is not recommended during pregnancy, during breastfeeding, in renal failure. During the reception, you may experience:

• nausea;
• vomit;
• thrombocytopenia;
• ventricular arrhythmia;
• gastralgia;
• pancreatitis;
• transient headaches.

Fluoroquinolones

Powerful antibiotics are prescribed for severe forms of infection. Fluoroquinolones inhibit two of the most important enzymes for microbial cells - DNA gyrase and topoisomerase-4, due to which they destroy the bacterial RNA bond, the cell membrane and lead to the death of pathogenic microorganisms. This group of antibiotics is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract). The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood is reached 1-3 hours after the start of treatment.

While taking fluoroquinolones, it is important to avoid sunburn and stop sunbathing for three days after the end of therapy. For complete absorption active substances antibiotics should be taken at least 2 hours before meals or 6 hours after meals. Fluoroquinolone drugs are available with different active ingredients, but only ofloxacin is used in the treatment of chlamydia. It can be found in medicines with the following trade names:

• Ofloxacin;
• Tarivid;
• Zoflox and its analogues.

Ofloxacin

A broad-spectrum antibiotic is available in the form of tablets, capsules, eye drops, powder for the preparation of solutions. Ofloxacin negatively affects the DNA of bacteria, destabilizes the vital activity of chlamydia. The drug is actively used in gynecology and urology for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. Somewhat less often, the drug is prescribed for respiratory tract infections.

Ofloxacin antibiotics for chlamydia are prescribed in a dosage of 200-800 mg, a course of 7-10 days. Take the medicine in the morning and evening with a full glass of water. An antibacterial agent is categorically contraindicated in case of a decrease in the convulsive threshold as a result of trauma, hypersensitivity to active components, during pregnancy and lactation. Frequent adverse reactions:

• allergy;
• tendon pain;
• increased sensitivity to ultraviolet light;
• abdominal discomfort;
• nausea;
• diarrhea;
• drowsiness;
• dizziness.

Therapy for chronic chlamydia

Treatment of diseases caused by chlamydia, using one or two antibiotics in the form of tablets or suspensions, is carried out only if there are no complications. When the disease becomes chronic, in order to avoid relapses, a different treatment regimen is used:

1. Prescribe drugs for the treatment of chlamydia in the form of injections. Preference is given to drugs with trade names - Cycloferon and Neovir. These are immunostimulating agents with activity against DNA and RNA of chlamydia. The dosage is calculated based on the weight of the patient at 4-6 mg per kilogram of body weight. The injections are given at intervals of 48 hours. The course of treatment is two weeks.
2. After the third injection, Rovamycin is prescribed - an antibiotic from the macrolide group. The daily dose for adults is 2-3 tablets. If adverse reactions occur while taking Rovamycin, the drug can be replaced with a safer analogue - Sumamed.
3. In addition to immunostimulating agents and antibiotics, topical agents are used - suppositories, creams, ointments with antibacterial action.
4. To maintain the body, vitamins in tablets can be prescribed.

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The causative agent of the disease

The bacterium that causes chlamydia in men and women Chlamydia trachomatis. It is motionless and lives inside the cells. Every year, about a million people become infected with it, of which men make up more than half. The total number of cases is approaching a billion, the male sex prevails. According to statistics, from 5 to 15% of sexually active people have chlamydia.

Infection is dangerous for its manifestations and complications, these include:

• prostatitis;
• impotence;
• inflammation of the testicle and its appendages;
• narrowing of the urethra;
• joint damage;
• inflammation of the mucous membranes of the eyes;
• pain in the pelvis.

Another danger of chlamydia is the ability to transform into L-forms, ie. into a dormant state. In this case, taking antibiotics does not affect the pathogen. significant influence, the infection remains in the host. When the immune system is weakened, the disease worsens.

There are 9 types of chlamydia, a third of them are a threat to human health:

1. Chlamydia trachomatis. Causes an STD.
2. Chlamydia pneumonia. When ingested, it attacks the lungs, causing pneumonia, especially in children, young people and in crowded communities (nursing homes, schools, prisons, etc.).
3. Chlamydia psittaci. Transmitted from parrots. It causes pneumonitis, a specific inflammation in the lungs.

All chlamydia can occur not only in the form of a pronounced infectious process, but also subclinically, i.e. with few symptoms.

Causes

Causes of infection with chlamydia can be:

1. Lack of barrier methods during intercourse with an “unverified partner”.
2. Decreased protective reserves of the body (in immunodeficiency states).
3. Hidden current disease (without clinical signs) in a partner.

The mechanism of development of chlamydia in men

Due to this lifestyle of the microorganism, the symptoms of the disease are non-specific at the beginning, which makes diagnosis difficult.

Clinical symptoms

Signs of chlamydia in men can be tracked by certain symptoms.

The disease is characterized by:

1. Itching in the urethra.
2. Burning, pain when urinating (urine may be cloudy).
3. Light, almost colorless discharge from the urethra.
4. Redness and slight swelling in the area of ​​the urethral outlet.
5. Swelling, severe pain, local fever in the scrotum.
6. Pain in the scrotum, rectum.
7. Pain in the lumbar and sacral regions, and even in the lower extremities (along the sciatic nerve).
8. Reiter's triad is possible: urethritis, conjunctivitis, and arthritis. As a rule, one of the large joints is affected, most often on one side. (for example, knee, hip or ankle).
9. Discomfort during the act of defecation (typical for lesions of the rectum and prostate).

Reiter's triad is possible: urethritis, conjunctivitis and arthritis. As a rule, one of the large joints is affected unilaterally (for example, the knee, hip or ankle). Often the patient is only concerned about the joints and he turns to therapists, rheumatologists. Therefore, it is important to always remember that chlamydia can affect not only the urogenital tract, but also the joints.

Diagnosis of the disease

1. Chlamydia can be detected using the following methods:
2. PCR - basic analysis, sensitivity and specificity - 100%. Finds pathogen DNA. Lead time - 2-3 days. For him, a swab is taken from the urethra or scraping from the pharynx.
3. ELISA - determination of antibodies in the blood secreted by the body in response to the introduction of chlamydia. Appear 10-20 days after infection. The accuracy is not more than 60%, due to the fact that antibodies persist for a long time after treatment and it is not always clear whether this is a new round of the disease or immune memory.
4. Cultural method - sowing on nutrient media of material obtained from scrapings or smears. The most time-consuming and expensive, the results need to wait a few days. Determines the sensitivity of chlamydia to antibiotics for the selection of therapy.
5. The immunofluorescence reaction is a complex method that requires the experience and professionalism of the performer. The material obtained by scraping or smear is stained, after which the bacteria begin to glow under a microscope. Accuracy no more than 50%.

Treatment at an early stage

For effective treatment of chlamydia in men, it is necessary to influence the causative agent of the disease.

In the primary acute process, good results were shown by antibacterial drugs from the group of macrolides ("Azithromycin", "Clarithromycin", "Josamycin", "Midecamycin") and tetracyclines ("Doxycycline").

However, treatment with drugs from a number of tetracycline antibiotics has several disadvantages:

1. The course of treatment for 1 week does not allow to achieve the desired result. According to studies, recurrence of the disease occurs in 15-20% of cases with this treatment regimen.
2. Lengthening the time of taking the drugs up to 14 days is dangerous by the re-development of infection in 15% of cases.
3. Treatment for 21 days avoids relapses, as there is an effect on 7 cycles of development of the infectious agent. However, such a long-term regimen is inconvenient for patients: there is often a violation in taking antibiotics. Skipping pills, the irregularity of their use can lead to the formation of resistance (resistance) of chlamydia to this drug. In addition, prolonged use of drugs can provoke the development of a fungal infection, as well as dysbacteriosis of the digestive tract. To prevent these complications, it is necessary to prescribe antifungal drugs (Nystatin, Levorin, Ketoconazole), as well as eubiotics (Linex).

Given the above disadvantages of antibiotics from the tetracycline group, the most convenient treatment is macrolides.

The drug "Azithromycin" ("Sumamed") has a particularly high efficiency.

The benefits of the drug « Azithromycin" :

1. A convenient treatment regimen is a single dose of 1 g of Azithromycin.
2. The effect of the drug lasts 10 days even after a single dose (this effect is created due to the half-life).
3. simple circuit ensures 100% compliance with the doctor's recommendations.
4. "Azithromycin" is stored for a long time in the tissues affected by the inflammatory process.
5. Low percentage of side effects.
6. The antibiotic acts on intracellular pathogens due to the ability to accumulate inside cells (in particular, phagocytes). This is very important in the treatment of chlamydia, since chlamydia is completely dependent on the host cell.

Treatment of chronic chlamydia

The chronic form of the disease is much more difficult to treat effective treatment and risk of recurrence.

Preference is also given to antibiotics from the group of tetracyclines and macrolides.

The following treatment regimens are effective:

1. Continuous reception of "Doxycycline" 200 mg 2 r / day for 28 days.
2. The method of pulse therapy consists in 3-fold administration of tetracyclines for 10 days with a break of 7 days. This scheme allows you to influence resistant intracellular strains of bacteria, affecting all cycles of development.
3. Reception "Azithromycin" 500 mg 2 times a day for 5 days (or 7 days with a long, often relapsing course of the disease).

Be sure to prescribe along with the use of etiotropic treatment:

1. Eubiotics ("Lineks", "Bifiform")
2. Anti-candidiasis drugs ("Nystatin", "Fluconazole").
3. Immunomodulators ("Polyoxdonium", "Interferon-Alpha").

Prevention

Prevention of chlamydia will help prevent:

• use of barrier contraception;
• refusal of promiscuity;
• annual routine examination of sexually active people, incl. - with non-traditional orientation;
• in case of complaints and suspicion of a disease - an immediate appeal to a venereologist;
• refusal of intimate relationships during the treatment of chlamydia, otherwise you can infect your partner.

The consequences of chlamydial infection for men

In addition to pain in the affected organs and tissues, there are also long-term consequences:

1. Chlamydial infection in 30% is the cause of male infertility.
2. With a long course of the disease without proper treatment, the formation of chronic pelvic pain syndrome is possible.
3. Chlamydia can cause erectile dysfunction (when the infection spreads to the prostate).

Chlamydial infection is very "insidious", since in most cases it is almost asymptomatic or "masked" in the form of banal cystitis and urethritis. However, the consequences of this disease can be extremely serious.

Lack of timely treatment of chlamydia can cause irreversible changes in reproductive function (development of infertility). For this reason, it is necessary to follow the principles of “protected” sexual intercourse, and if alarming symptoms occur, be sure to consult a doctor to prescribe a competent and effective treatment.

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