More details about what it is and where it can be felt will be discussed in this article.
static
There are two types of weightlessness. This is static - observed when moving away from an object with a large mass. For example, a body that has flown a considerable distance from the planet. It should be understood that its weight does not completely disappear.
The fact is that gravity from massive objects, such as planets and stars, although it decreases with distance, does not completely disappear. Its action extends infinitely far to all corners of the universe, inversely proportional to the square of the distance. This follows from the definition of weightlessness.
Thus, it is impossible to get out of the zone of action of the gravitational field.
Dynamic
Another type of weightlessness is dynamic. It is constantly tested by astronauts and pilots. The action of the gravitational field of a massive object can be neutralized by free fall on it. To do this, it is necessary that the object pick up a certain speed and become a satellite.
Having gained the necessary speed, the satellite begins to move into a state of constant free fall. Objects inside it will be in a state of weightlessness. This speed is called the first cosmic.
For planet Earth, for example, the speed is about 8 kilometers per second. For the Sun - already 640. It all depends on the mass of the object and its density. In those where the density reaches hundreds of millions of tons per cubic centimeter, the cosmic speed approaches the speed of light.
Weightlessness on Earth
It turns out that you can experience the state of weightlessness without leaving the planet. True, for a very short period. For example, a passenger in a car driving on a curved bridge will experience weightlessness for some time at the top of the bridge's bulge.
Passengers traveling in public transport on a bumpy road constantly experience the effect of weightlessness every time the bus runs into a hole or a bump. For a short period of time they are in a state of free fall.
Entertainment
AT recent times in the entertainment industry, special training grounds have appeared where everyone can experience weightlessness.
After passing a medical commission and paying a certain amount of money, you can get on board an airplane that flies along a wave-like trajectory, and during the peak, people can experience an unusual feeling of weightlessness for half a minute.
The pilot of the aircraft informs via intercom about the beginning of weightlessness. This is necessary for security reasons. The fact is that after a free fall, the plane is rapidly gaining altitude. At the same time, people on board experience a diametrically opposite effect - overload.
Sometimes this value reaches three times the value of the acceleration of free fall. In other words, the weight of the body in zero gravity will be three times more natural. When falling from a height of several meters with such a body weight, it is very easy to get injured.
For these purposes, specially trained instructors sit on board the aircraft in the weightlessness compartment. Their task is to lower those people on the floor of the plane in time who did not manage to meet the given time interval.
A series of ups and downs occurs at intervals of up to twenty times per aircraft flight.
In Russia, for example, for those who want to feel weightlessness, there is a special centrifuge, which is located in the training center for cosmonauts and pilots. Again, after a medical examination and a cash contribution of about 55 thousand rubles, a person can feel the effect of weightlessness.
Impact on the human body
By definition, weightlessness is absolutely harmless to the human body. Difficulties begin when it lasts several days, weeks or months.
In most cases, this applies only to the inhabitants of space stations. Cosmonauts who have been on board for a long time begin to experience significant discomfort. This is primarily due to the vestibular mechanism.
On Earth, under familiar conditions, the otoliths of the vestibular apparatus press on the nerve endings, thus telling our brain where the top and bottom are, orienting the human body in space.
weight and weightlessness
It is quite another thing when the body weighs nothing. All processes in it proceed differently. Due to the lack of pressure of the otoliths, a violation of orientation in space occurs. The concept of "up" and "down" in space completely disappears. Lack of physical activity also harms the human body. In this state, muscle tissue will atrophy if no action is taken. With its degradation, bone tissue also suffers. In the absence of load, less phosphorus enters the bones of the body.
Difficulty eating and swallowing liquids. All liquids at the same time tend to take on a spherical shape, which makes everyday things very difficult. Even an ordinary runny nose in weightless conditions can be a very difficult test for the body due to the fact that sputum is not excreted by gravity, but forms spherical drops.
To maintain the necessary tone, astronauts constantly train for several hours a day. When going to sleep, they tie themselves with special straps so as not to get injured during sleep.
Special food in tubes and bread that does not crumble have been developed to feed astronauts.
Before experiencing weightlessness for a long time, a person must feel its effect on the ground in order to find out how the absence of gravity will affect him in the future.
MOSCOW DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
ZELENOGRAD DISTRICT DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TO MOSCOW
State budget educational institution
Secondary school №853
About weightlessness
The project was made by:
Altukhova Anna
Maksakova Maria
Mitrofanova Yana
Curator: math teacher
Popkova Ludmila Grigorievna
Shorty Znayka from Nikolai Nosov's fairy tale novel "Dunno on the Moon" invented a weightlessness device. With the help of the device, gravity was not destroyed, but, as it were, shifted from the center where the device was located, several tens of meters around. At the same time, increased heaviness was felt near the border of the weightlessness zone.
Calculate how many benefits (and what) such weightlessness gives? What (and how much) inconvenience does it cause?
Objective of the project
- The purpose of the project is to give the concept of weightlessness in a complex form (i.e. to consider it from different angles), to note the relevance of this concept not only in the study of outer space, the negative impact on humans, but also in the framework of the possibility of using technologies on Earth invented for reduce this impact; some technological processes, which are difficult or impossible to implement in terrestrial conditions. Find out what are the advantages and what are the disadvantages of weightlessness
Project objectives
- To understand the mechanism of occurrence of this phenomenon;
- Describe this mechanism mathematically and physically;
- Tell Interesting Facts about weightlessness;
- Understand how the state of weightlessness affects the health of people in spaceship, at the station, etc., that is, look at weightlessness from a biological and medical point of view;
History of weightlessness
The disappearance of the weight during the movement of the support with the acceleration of free fall only under the action of gravity is called weightlessness .
There are two types of weightlessness.
The weight loss that occurs at a great distance from celestial bodies due to the weakening of attraction is called static weightlessness. And the state in which a person is during a flight in orbit is dynamic weightlessness. They appear exactly the same. Human feelings are the same. But the reasons are different.
Astronauts in flight deal only with dynamic weightlessness.
Consider the following case: A plane is flying. In the cockpit, two paratroopers prepared to jump. The earth is pulling them down. And yet they resist. They put their feet on the floor of the plane. They feel the attraction of the Earth - the soles of their feet are pressed to the floor with force. They feel their weight. "The strap is tight."
But here they agreed to follow where the Earth pulls them. We stood on the edge of the hatch and jumped down. "Strap slack." The feeling of gravity of the Earth immediately disappeared. They became weightless.
It is interesting
In weightlessness, boiling becomes a much slower process.
In weightlessness, the flame of a candle takes on a spherical shape.
And inside our body everything is adapted to the conditions of gravity. The heart has powerful muscles, designed to continuously pump several kilograms of blood. And if down, into the legs, it still flows easily, then up, into the head, it must be applied with force. All our internal organs are suspended on strong ligaments. If they weren’t there, the insides would “roll” down, huddle together there. Due to constant weightiness, we have developed a special organ, the vestibular apparatus, located deep in the head, behind the ear.
Interesting Facts
- Astronauts sooner or later develop space sickness, which is accompanied by headaches and problems in the joints when moving. But this is only part of the problem. When an astronaut is in zero gravity, all the fluid that is in the body rises and causes blockage of the nasopharynx and swelling on the face. Muscles begin to atrophy as unnecessary, there is less and less calcium in the bones, and the intestines work 2 times slower.
- Another bonus from weightlessness is the increase in height due to low pressure. It affects the spine and the person grows at least 5 cm.
- Those who return from space say that due to weightlessness it is very difficult to move arms and legs immediately after arrival. Therefore, many people call landing a second birth.
- There are also problems with adapting to the perception of attraction. If an object falls, then it still falls, and this is somewhat unusual for astronauts.
Advantages of the device
this device can be used wisely, for good (during the war, it was possible to make a tower in which the device would be located; when an army of enemies approached, a button was pressed and the enemy moved to a safe distance)
You can make a stop-type station in which the device was installed and people would go to this station, press the button and move the set distance
Can be used as a little, or maybe not a little trick; at the Olympics, an athlete during the long jump
Flaws
in the task it is written: "Near the border of the zero gravity zone at the same time
increased heaviness was felt." That is, some kind of
pressure inside the moving body, which can lead to
sad consequences for the object being moved (for the first
point of advantage is even a plus enemy
destroyed)
The device is not suitable for individual use; again, a quote from the task: "With the help of the device, gravity was not destroyed, but, as it were, shifted FROM THE CENTER, where the DEVICE IS LOCATED ..." That is, if a person moves with the help of the device, this design itself remains IN PLACE and falls to the user of the "bandura" come back for her
conclusions
Weightlessness occurs when the body falls freely together with the support, i.e. the acceleration of the body and the support is equal to the acceleration of free fall;
2) There are two types of weightlessness: static and dynamic;
3) Weightlessness can be used to implement some technological processes that are difficult or impossible to implement under terrestrial conditions;
4) The study of the flame under weightless conditions is necessary in the development of special fire extinguishing means;
- The effect of weightlessness on the body is
negative, as it causes a change in a number of its vital functions. This can be corrected by creating artificial gravity on the spacecraft, limiting the astronauts' muscular activity.
6) Weightless conditions impair the ability to correctly estimate the size of objects and distances to them, which prevents astronauts from navigating in the surrounding space and can lead to accidents during space flights
The device allows you to easily move objects (for example, during construction), but at the same time it is necessary to provide for their fixation on the surface, and structures can also be destroyed at the border of the zone if they are not designed for the resulting increase in gravity. If these balls are placed near the tornado, then it will lose its strength. Conditions as inside an orbiting space station.
Wearing a likeness, wings on your hands or another engine, and placing the device behind your back, you can fly.
It is possible to carry out experiments under conditions similar to those on an orbiting space station (for example, to grow crystals). Some animals may die.
You need special tools to work in weightless conditions. For the life of organisms, it is necessary to mix the gaseous medium for respiration. At the border of the zone where the severity is increased, the organism can die if the severity (overload) exceeds the limit of its endurance. Reservoirs can be a nuisance, as the water will take the form of a ball and move with air currents.
The distant future invented a weightlessness device, now with the help of such a device they transport things from earth to space (to astronauts into orbit).
The device itself looks like a toaster with two antennas. It creates a cylinder with a radius of 1.5 m. From below, things are placed in this cylinder and they go to the top. However, this device has 1, but a rather significant drawback: since this cylinder has no material boundaries, if the load has not yet reached space, it can go beyond its boundaries and fall at a much higher speed, since in this case the attraction to the earth increases in repeatedly.
Cause weightlessness is that the force of universal gravitation imparts the same acceleration to the body and its support. Therefore, any body that moves only under the influence of universal gravitational forces is in a state of weightlessness. It is in such conditions that a freely falling body is located.
Bibliography
1. Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov.
2. Kabardin O.F. Physics: Reference Materials: Tutorial for students.-
3. Kolesnikov Yu.V., Glazkov Yu.N. In orbit is a spaceship.
Sleeping in an upright position, a shower without water and a haircut with a vacuum cleaner. We tell how the life of astronauts differs from the earthly one.
1. Astronauts don't change their clothes for a long time.
They don't wash things on the ISS because there is no water in space. Because of this, astronauts wear the same thing for a long time: socks for a week, jacket and pants for about a month. If they changed their clothes more often, they would take up too much space. But this does not mean that astronauts go around dirty: the air on the ISS is cleaner and hygiene is tougher than on Earth, so clothes get dirty more slowly.
In addition, scientists are developing space underwear with an antimicrobial coating to keep clothes fresher longer. It is not so simple: underwear should not irritate the skin and cause dysbacteriosis, which kills beneficial bacteria on human skin.
2. It's uncomfortable to cry in space.
In weightlessness, nothing makes tears run down your cheeks. Instead, they accumulate in a ball around the eyeball and burn the eyes. The more tears, the larger the water ball, which, as it were, stuck to the eye and does not flow anywhere. To get rid of the discomfort, you need to wipe the tear with a towel or handkerchief.
In space, tears irritate the eyes, although nature intended to moisturize and protect. This happens because, under the influence of low gravity, the chemical composition fluids in the body. In addition, in weightlessness, a person has a feeling of dry eyes, and tears provoke a very contrasting, and therefore unpleasant sensation.
3. Astronauts don't just eat out of tubes.
Contrary to popular misconception, it is possible to eat fruit, berries and cakes in natural form in orbit. The official menu of Russian cosmonauts consists of 250 items, and if a cargo ship is sent to the ISS, they can order something fresh.
Ordinary salt and pepper are not available to astronauts: if you salt or pepper a dish in zero gravity, the spices will scatter and get into your eyes. Therefore, liquid saline solution and condiments - mustard and ketchup are especially popular. Ketchup and Maheev sauces are supplied to the ISS for Russian cosmonauts. According to the director of Essen Production AG, Leonid Baryshev, who owns the Maheev trademark, exactly the same ketchup is delivered into orbit as in stores. The company did not create a special line of products for food on board: ordinary sauces from the supermarket successfully passed all quality tests. Therefore, if you eat ketchup or mustard "Maheev", you can feel like an astronaut.
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4. You can sleep in space upright and even upside down
In order not to fly around the ship during sleep, astronauts rest in special sleeping modules. These are vertical and horizontal sleeping bags attached to the wall. The sleeping modules are arranged in this way because in space it's the same as sleeping: there is no floor and ceiling, bottom and top, so you can even rest upside down. Often, astronauts assume the fetal position, which is most natural in low gravity.
In addition, astronauts have to sleep under a fan. It provides air circulation with the correct oxygen content and does not allow a person to suffocate from carbon dioxide exhaled during sleep. The fan works loudly: the noise reaches 65 dB. That's why astronauts use earplugs.
5. The skin on the heels becomes smooth, but this is dangerous.
To move in weightlessness, you do not need to walk. Therefore, the rough skin on the heels softens and exfoliates. Because of this, astronauts have to be very careful when removing their socks so that dead skin cells do not scatter everywhere, risking getting into someone's eye or clogging equipment.
6. Astronauts don't shower.
On the ISS, no one takes a shower in the usual sense of the word. Astronauts wipe their skin with a damp towel to save water and time. If you really want, you can squeeze a drop of water and liquid soap directly onto the skin - the liquid bubbles will stick to it. Then you need to mix them very slowly right on the skin and rub over the body so that they do not separate and fly away. Very little water is spent at the station, because in orbit even shampoo is indelible - after soaping, the hair is simply wiped with a towel.
7. Astronauts cut their hair with scissors and a vacuum cleaner
The crew is at the station for several months, so sometimes you have to cut your hair right in space. To do this, the astronauts use scissors connected to a vacuum tube that sucks up the hairs, preventing them from flying around the cabin of the spacecraft. Electric shavers work on the same principle, sucking up shaved hairs.
8. Astronauts train to go to the toilet on Earth
From daily visit toilet room nowhere to go even in orbit. To make the process as comfortable as possible, it was equipped with belts. The visitor secures himself in a comfortable position and sits down. But it's not that simple. Due to the fact that water is not used for draining in space, astronauts have to train on Earth in order not to miss in zero gravity and avoid annoying mistakes.
9 Space Bloating Is A Serious Problem
In space, food that causes bloating is banned. Not only because a lover of extravagant food will annoy colleagues with an unpleasant smell, but also because of the danger to life. Methane and hydrogen produced by the human body are explosive gases.
10. In zero gravity, you must definitely play sports.
In weightlessness, it is much easier for the heart to pump blood around the body. This is dangerous, because over time, from a lack of load, it can greatly weaken. To stay in shape, astronauts devote 2.5 hours to sports every day. To do this, the spacecraft has simulators: a treadmill, a bicycle ergonometer and a simulator that simulates gravity. Regular physical exercise also help to avoid atrophy of the muscles of the legs, because in space they are almost not involved.
Space life seems very strange. But human body quickly adapts to life in weightlessness. Returning to Earth, many astronauts drop objects and break dishes, getting used to the fact that things are floating in the air.
1. Astronauts sooner or later develop space sickness, which is accompanied by headaches and problems in the joints when moving. But this is only part of the problem. When an astronaut is in zero gravity, all the fluid that is in the body rises and causes blockage of the nasopharynx and swelling on the face. Muscles begin to atrophy as unnecessary, there is less and less calcium in the bones, and the intestines work 2 times slower.
2. Another bonus from weightlessness is the increase in height due to low pressure. It affects the spine and the person grows at least 5 cm.
3. Scientists conducted experiments on rats: what will happen if a rat bears a fetus in space. Pregnant rats were shipped just when the fetus's inner ear was beginning to develop. All offspring had problems with the vestibular apparatus.
4. Astronauts who snored completely got rid of it in space.
5. In space, a full-fledged dream is out of the question. Sunrises happen 16 times, because of which, of course, there are changes in the perception of the rhythm of life.
6. Researchers for a long time could not solve the problem with the toilet. Since in conditions of weightlessness with this there are big problems. At first they came up with the idea of using something like condoms in spacesuits, but this idea was abandoned. And now astronauts only wear diapers when they go out into outer space. On a spaceship, the toilet looks almost the same as a normal toilet, but flushing occurs with strong air currents, not water.
7. Those who return from space say that it is very difficult to move their arms and legs immediately after arrival. Therefore, many people call landing a second birth. And there are problems with adapting to the perception of attraction. If an object falls, then it still falls, and this is somewhat unusual for astronauts.
With support: When buying an apartment or house, there is always a lot of trouble. One of the most important problems is moving an apartment, but this issue can always be quickly resolved if you order high-quality moving services.
“The counterintelligence agencies acted productively and offensively last year. Thanks to successful special operations, the activities of 129 personnel officers and 465 agents of foreign special services were stopped,” the Russian President said.
The medalist of the 2016 Olympic Games Darya Shmeleva today won the gold of the World Championship in cycling in Poland on the track in the 500 m round. This is her second medal at this tournament.
In the final, Shmeleva won with a score of 33.012 seconds. Silver was won by Ukrainian Elena Starikova (33.307). The bronze medal in this discipline was won by the Australian Caarle McCulloch (33.419).
The World Track Cycling Championship takes place in Pruszkow, Poland and will end on Sunday. So far, the Russian national team has one medal of each value.
Russians Semyon Pavlichenko, Victoria Demchenko, as well as the crew of sledge-twos consisting of Alexander Denisiev and Vladislav Antonov took first place in the relay at the World Cup in Sochi.
The Russians showed the result of 2 minutes 45.272 seconds. The second place was taken by the German lugers (+0.072 seconds), the third place was taken by the representatives of Latvia (+0.127).
The German national team took first place in the World Cup relay standings with 525 points. The Russian team came second with 455 points. The third place went to the Latvian lugers (410).
The relay completed the competitive program final stage World Cup. Russian lugers failed to win only in one start - in the women's single sleigh competition. In total, the Russian team won six gold, three silver and two bronze medals at the home stage.
Russian luger Semyon Pavlichenko won the competition at the World Cup in Sochi.
In the sum of two attempts, Pavlichenko showed the result of 1 minute 43.867 seconds. Second place went to another Russian, Roman Repilov (+0.434). The third was the Italian athlete Dominik Fischnaller (+0.460).
Russian Maxim Aravin took fourth place (+0.574), Alexander Stepichev - fifth (+0.592), Alexander Gorbatsevich - 24th (+5.086).
Pavlichenko won the second World Cup in a row and the third of the season. The 27-year-old luger led the overall World Cup standings (688 points), followed by Repilov (633), and Germany's Johannes Ludwig (630) was third, finishing 12th in Sochi.
The final stage of the season in the Luge World Cup will end on Sunday, when the sprints for women, men and sledge-deuces will take place, as well as the relay race.
Russian Pavel Kulizhnikov won gold at the World Speed Skating Championship in sprint all-around, which ended in Heerenveen.
Kulizhnikov won the world championship in sprint all-around for the third time in his career (2015, 2016, 2019).
Russian lugers Alexander Denisiev and Vladislav Antonov won the sprint at the ninth stage of the World Cup in Sochi in the competition among two-seater crews.
They won with a time of 31.450 seconds, 0.011 seconds ahead of their closest competitors, Latvian lugers Andris Shitss and Juris Shitss. Rounding out the top three are the reigning world champions from Germany - Sascha Benekken and Tony Eggert (+0.074).
Another duet from Russia - Vsevolod Kashkin and Konstantin Korshunov - took fourth place (+0.080).
In the overall standings in the first place - Eggert and Benecken (1050 points), the second - the Austrians Thomas Stoy and Lorenz Koller, the third - lugers from Germany Tobias Wendl and Tobias Arlt. Denisiev and Antonov are 13th overall.
The final stage of the season in the Luge World Cup will end on Sunday.
Russian luger Victoria Demchenko won the sprint at the World Cup in Sochi.
The athlete covered the distance in 31.505 seconds. The second and third places were taken by the Germans Dayana Eitberger with a backlog of 0.104 seconds and Natalie Geisenberg (+0.137).
Russian Ekaterina Baturina took tenth place, and Tatyana Ivanova - 11th.
The World Ski Championships are also taking place in Austria. Russian skier Alexander Bolshunov took second place in the skiathlon, and Natalya Nepryaeva - third.
Russian biathlete Ekaterina Yurlova-Perkht became the winner of the women's pursuit race at the European Championships in Belarus.
The Russian woman, who on the eve became the silver medalist in the sprint, passed the distance with four firing lines with one miss. The owner of the track, Irina Krivko, finished second.
Germany's Nadine Horchler proved to be stronger in the battle for the bronze medal, ahead of Austria's Dunya Zduch in the final spurt.
Europe championship. Raubichi (Belarus)
Women. Pursuit. 10 km
12). Ekaterina Yurlova-Perht (Russia) - 27.43.4 (1 miss)
2 (11). Irina Krivko (Belarus) - +37.5 (1)
3 (15). Nadine Horchler (Germany) - +49.4 (1)
On January 4, 2019, the third Superjet 100 of Severstal Airlines flew from the GSS delivery center in Zhukovsky to the base airport of Cherepovets Airlines. The aircraft with registration number RA-89119 and serial number 95154 is the second SSJ-100 delivered by GSS this year. In total, 6 such aircraft should arrive in Cherepovets.
In parallel with the third production satellite of the Elektro-L type, which is currently being finalized (the launch is scheduled for autumn 2019), the Lavochkin NPO has begun work on the creation of two more heavy weather satellites of the same type (No. 4 and No. 5). The 1,800-kilogram spacecraft are being built on the Russian Navigator platform with domestic equipment.
The working orbit of "Electro-L" is geostationary (about 36,000 km from the Earth). The satellite has dimensions of 5.5 x 2.5 m and carries complex equipment on board: the GGAK-E heliogeophysical instrumentation complex, a complex for multispectral Earth imaging in the visible and infrared ranges with a resolution of 1 km and 4 km, respectively (periodicity of 10-30 minutes), equipment for receiving and relaying data from autonomous meteorological platforms and signals from emergency buoys of the global COSPAS-SARSAT system.
The Elektro-L spacecraft is designed for an operating time of at least 10 years. Russian companies ISS named after Academician Reshetnev, JSC Saturn, NPO Saturn, NPO Fakel, NPC Polyus, Russian Space Systems, Izhevsk Radio Plant and others are involved in the assembly of its components. The launch of the 4th and 5th satellites is scheduled for 2021 and 2022.
For quite a long time, Moroz Ivanovich and the New Year tree existed separately. Their unification took place in the second half of the 19th century, when the first attempts to create an original “Christmas grandfather” were noted in the urban environment of Russia, who would give gifts to Russian children, like Nikolai Ugodnik from their Western peers. Under Alexander II, "old Ruprecht" (obviously of German origin, 1861), Saint Nicholas or "grandfather Nicholas" (1870) are mentioned - isolated attempts that did not take root. However, popular beliefs about St. Nicolae later had a certain influence on the creation of the image of Santa Claus. In 1886, Morozko was celebrated for the first time, and by the beginning of the 20th century, the familiar image of Santa Claus was already taking shape. Then, from the illustrated translations of Valery Carrick, the tale of Morozko becomes familiar to English-speaking readers. In the translation, Morozko acts under the name "King Frost" (eng. King Frost).
Russia has developed effective remedy dust suppression for use against dusting of metallurgical and coal slags in steppe and desert conditions. This problem is presented, for example, in Kazakhstan, whose enterprises have become a test site for new technology.
According to scientists from the Engineering Chemical Technology Center (IHTC, Tomsk), who provide the process of testing and implementing the solution at the enterprises of the Eurasian Resource Group in a neighboring state, the reagent created in Russia showed the highest results in tests in real conditions, where participation of 7 competing solutions at once.
The Russian development is a concentrate that is diluted with water, the dusty ground or fields are poured with a ready-made solution. After a few hours, the reagent sticks together dust particles, which form a strong and elastic film. The coating can last on the surface from several months to a year, depending on the treatment mode.
... this image is already recognizable: “good Moroz Ivanovich” - a “gray-haired-gray-haired” old man who “when he shakes his head, frost falls from his hair”; he lives in an ice house, and sleeps on a featherbed made of fluffy snow. For good work, he gives the needlewoman a “handful of silver patches”, however, he does not freeze Sloth (like Morozko the old woman’s daughter in a fairy tale), but only teaches her a lesson, giving her an icicle instead of silver ... In Odoevsky’s pedagogical tale, ritual Frost and fabulous Morozko are turned into kind, but fair educator and mentor.
Researchers from the Novosibirsk State Technical University (NSTU) and the Institute of Chemistry solid body and Mechanochemistry of the Siberian Branch Russian Academy sciences (IHTTM SB RAS) have achieved that their new development, while retaining up to 90% of all useful substances contained in the fruits of mountain ash, has a good taste and low price. The choice of mountain ash as a feedstock in Western Siberia is obvious - it grows quite a lot here. The fruits of the plant are a valuable multivitamin raw material: they contain a lot of vitamin C, carotene, ascorbic acid, antioxidants, antibacterial substances and numerous trace elements. The use of the developed supplement in food supports the immune system and allows you to get rid of oxidative radicals that cause strokes, heart attacks, cancer and other diseases. To get away from the traditional bitterness of mountain ash, encapsulation was used (placement of a bitter substance in a shell that eliminates its impact on the environment): small particles of mountain ash powder were placed in a plant-derived polysaccharide.
The additive received as a result has already interested local manufacturers of products. By adding a certain amount of such a powder, for example, to a curd product, the taste was not changed, but its beneficial properties seriously increased.
We add that this is not the only development in Russia that is biologically harmless. active additive. This is not the first year that our country has been producing an interesting drug, hyporamine, based on sea buckthorn leaf extract, which is a completely natural immunomodulator and certified according to all the rules as a drug.
Image formation
Pre-revolutionary Christmas card with Saint Nicholas
Santa Claus enters the literary tradition in 1840 - with the publication of the collection of fairy tales "Tales of Grandfather Iriney" by V. F. Odoevsky. The collection included the fairy tale "Moroz Ivanovich", which for the first time gave a literary interpretation of the image of the folklore and ritual Frost, who previously acted only as a pagan master of cold and winter cold.
