On Prospekt Mira, the residents of the city remember it for its incredible popularity during the days of the main Muslim celebrations - Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Adha. These days, the surrounding neighborhoods were blocked, and they were filled with thousands of worshipers.
And this is not surprising. The former building of the temple was much inferior in size to the current one. Today, the Moscow Cathedral Mosque is one of the most interesting architectural objects of the capital. Its high minarets are visible far beyond the Olympic Avenue.
First mosque
More than a hundred years ago, there was a mosque on the site of the current luxurious building. The Moscow Cathedral Church was erected in 1904. The building will be built according to the design of the Moscow architect Nikolai Zhukov, mainly at the expense of the well-known philanthropist, merchant Salih Yerzin. This mosque became the second Muslim temple in the capital, but after the mosque in Zamoskvorechye was closed (in 1937), the address Vypolzov lane, house 7, became a symbol of Soviet Islam.
The temple received from Stalin himself, which was a telegram of thanks for helping the front during the Second World War. In addition, the visits of famous leaders of Muslim states in the post-war years to Vypolzov Lane reliably protected the religious life of the temple.
Sukarno, and other well-known politicians who sought the favor of the leadership Soviet Union, during their visits to the capital, they visited not only the Kremlin, but also visited some advanced enterprise, and without fail a mosque.
Visits of distinguished guests to the mosque were quite difficult and often not according to the script. For example, in 1981, the leader of the Libyan Jamahiriya, who visited the mosque, did not follow the diplomatic protocol. Gaddafi asked the imams why there were no young people in the temple in the prayer hall, where in Moscow one can buy religious literature, he offered financial assistance to the mosque.
The Iranians left portraits of Ayatollah Khomeini on the window sills in the mosque, invited the imam of the Moscow mosque A. Mustafin to come to Tehran, although neither in the Soviet Union in general, nor Muslim religious leaders in particular, by that time had not yet decided on their attitude to the Islamic revolution.
Nevertheless, it is thanks to the international status of the mosque that it has survived. This made it possible to hold open prayers in the Soviet capital. The imams of the Moscow Cathedral Mosque became frequent guests at government receptions.
Imams of the mosque
Among the imams who served in different years in the mosque, the following should be singled out: Bedretdin Alimov (first imam), Safa Alimovov, Abdulvadud Fattahetdinov, Ismail Mushtaria, Akhmetzyan Mustafin Rizautdin Basyrov, Rais Bilyalov, Ildar Alyautdinov.
Today, six imams serve in the temple. Ildar Alyautdinov - Chief Imam of the Moscow Cathedral Mosque. He is assisted by Mustafa Kutyukchu, Rais Bilyalov, Anas Sadretdinov, Islam Zaripov and Vais Bilyaletdinov, the oldest imam (30 years of service). In Soviet times, it was the only mosque in the city that did not stop its work and regularly held services.
Construction of a new temple
By the end of the 20th century, the mosque was increasingly called dilapidated and in need of renovation or reconstruction. Under this pretext, they tried to demolish the building on the eve of the Olympics-80, it was saved only by the intervention of the Muslim community in Moscow and the ambassadors of some Arab countries.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the mosque received the status of a monument cultural heritage, but not for long. Soon the status was canceled, recognizing the structure as dilapidated and subject to demolition. In addition, by this time the mosque no longer accommodated all believers even in Friday prayers.
In 2011, the old building was completely demolished. For several years, prayers were held in a temporary building. The construction was accompanied by numerous court proceedings between the authors of the project, Alexei Kolenteev and Ilyas Tazhiev, with the customer, represented by the Spiritual Board of Muslims. Nevertheless, in 2005 it was decided to carry out a large-scale reconstruction. And in 2011, construction began on the building of a new mosque designed by Alexei Kolenteev and Ilyas Tazhiev.
Moscow Cathedral Mosque: opening
On September 23, 2015, a long-awaited event for the entire Muslim world of Russia took place. The magnificent Moscow Cathedral Mosque opened its doors. The address of the temple is Vypolzov lane, house 7. This holiday brought together numerous guests. The solemn and very memorable ceremony was attended by President Putin, politicians, well-known representatives of science and culture. It should be noted that famous and honored guests in the mosque are not uncommon - both before and after the reconstruction, it remains the center of Islam in Russia, it is visited by many politicians, representatives of culture from all over the world.
Construction cost
The Council of Muftis reported that the Moscow Cathedral Mosque was built for $170 million. This huge amount includes donations from ordinary believers, as well as funds from large entrepreneurs. A book was published in their honor, all benefactors are listed by name.
The current mosque can hardly be called a reconstructed building. After all, only tiny fragments of the walls remained from the old building.
Architecture
The Moscow Cathedral Mosque occupies a huge area - 18,900 square meters (before the reconstruction, it was 964 square meters). To strengthen the structure, 131 piles were driven into its base, as a metro line was laid nearby, and Neglinka carries its waters.
There are several cultural and historical references in the architectural complex of the new mosque. For example, the main minarets, whose height is more than 70 meters, resemble in their shape the Spassky Tower of the Moscow Kremlin in the capital and the leaning Syuyumbike Tower of the Kazan Kremlin. This is no coincidence. The architects resorted to such a solution as a symbol of unity and friendship between the Tatar and Russian peoples.
The huge 46-meter dome of the mosque, covered with twelve tons of gold leaf, is surprisingly harmoniously combined with the general appearance of the "gold-domed" Moscow. The architects also took into account the original appearance of the mosque. Fragments of the old walls were reassembled, and they successfully fit into the new interior, while retaining their original appearance. The top of one minaret is crowned with a crescent moon, which at one time adorned the old building.
The Moscow Cathedral Mosque has certain features of the Byzantine style. The magnificent six-storey building is crowned with minarets, domes and towers of various sizes. The area of the new building is 20 times larger than the original version. Today, prayer halls for women and men can accommodate about ten thousand believers. There are also special rooms for the ritual of washing, a large and cozy hall for conferences and meetings.
Leading Muslim imams conduct services in the new mosque, they also perform traditional rites.
Interior decoration
The Moscow Cathedral Mosque inside amazes guests with luxury and splendor of decoration. Exquisite patterns on the walls of the temple, thought out to the smallest detail decor elements are fully consistent with the traditions of Muslim architecture. The interior uses classic colors for Islam - green, emerald, white, blue.
The interior of the dome, as well as the walls and ceiling of the mosque, is decorated with paintings. These are the sacred ones that were performed by Turkish masters. The Turkish government presented the cathedral mosque with magnificent front doors, unusual carpets ( self made) for halls and luxurious crystal chandeliers.
The mosque is illuminated by more than three hundred and twenty lamps, which are placed on the ceiling and walls. Their main part repeats the shape of the dome of the temple. The main (central) chandelier is a giant lamp. Its height is about eight meters, and this design weighs one and a half tons. It was created by fifty masters from Turkey for three months.
It should be noted that it is not necessary to be a Muslim to see the mosque. Here, as in the mosques of Istanbul and other large cities, the doors are open to representatives of different religions. But certain rules must be followed.
Women must cover their hair and their clothing must be tight and closed. Before entering, you should take off your shoes and try not to disturb the worshipers.
In 2011, it became completely clear that the Cathedral Mosque (Prospect Mira) had fallen into disrepair: part of the building, erected in 1904, collapsed due to numerous cracks. However, in September 2015, the reconstructed and rebuilt temple reopened its doors.
Traditionally, during major Muslim holidays, crowds of believers can be observed on the Koltsevaya metro line and near the Prospekt Mira station. Even those who do not know exactly where the main Moscow mosque is located can easily determine this by these signs.
The fact is that in the Russian capital there are only 4 temples for Muslims, and next to the sports complex "Olympic" is the largest of them. From 2011 to 2015, the mosque was inaccessible due to the overhaul and expansion of the old building, which became emergency after more than a century of use.
According to experts, the construction cost about 200 thousand US dollars. The main source of funding is the Dagestan businessman Suleiman Kerimov, who became the main sponsor and was awarded a name plate on the wall of the building. The Turkish government and another Russian millionaire, Mikhail Gutseriev, also contributed. And this money was spent wisely: the building consists of 6 levels, its total area increased by about 20 times, there are separate entrances for men and women, ramps and elevators for people with limited mobility are also equipped. In addition, it is planned that excursions will be held here; for single tourists, the doors of the temple are also always open.
The opening of the reconstructed building took place on September 23, 2015. In addition to representatives of the clergy, the ceremony was attended by Vladimir Putin, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, as well as the heads of some Russian republics.
In its design, the Moscow Cathedral Mosque (Prospect Mira) combined Muslim traditions and some features of Russian architecture. For example, the minarets are shaped like the towers of the Kremlin.
Data
The Moscow Cathedral Mosque (Prospect Mira) in Soviet times was the only functioning Muslim church in Moscow.
Before the 1980 Olympics, it was decided to demolish the building, but the ambassadors of the Arab countries and Russian religious figures stood up to protect it.
It is the largest in Europe and one of the two highest in the Russian Federation (along with the one under construction in Ufa). The capacity is about 10 thousand people.
A significant part of the items for interior decoration was donated by the Turkish government. In particular, front doors, chandeliers, as well as prayer rugs were delivered from abroad.
Since October 2015, the mosque (Prospect of the World) has been the place where the hair of the Prophet Muhammad is kept, attracting thousands of believers to the temple.
Location
The new building stands in the same place where the old mosque was located on Peace Avenue. Address: Vypolzov lane, house 7. The Council of Muftis of Russia is located at the same address.
This means that the demolition carried out is illegal.
The building was demolished in order to build a new mosque with a larger capacity. The question of the demolition of the mosque split the Muslim community in Russia. The demolition of the mosque and new construction is being lobbied by the chairman of the Council of Muftis of Russia, Ravil Gainutdin. On September 6, the chairman of another Muslim organization, the Central Spiritual Administration of Muslims (TSDUM) of Russia, Supreme Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin, sent an open letter to the mayor of the capital, Sergei Sobyanin, asking him to prevent the demolition of the Cathedral Mosque in Moscow. In response, on September 7, Ravil Gainutdin announced that the destruction of the Moscow Cathedral Mosque was out of the question. “Once again I want to assure the entire Muslim community that the Moscow Cathedral Mosque built in 1904 will not be destroyed, but will be reconstructed,” he said in an interview with the Islam Minbare (Tribune of Islam) newspaper. However, Gainutdin's statement diverged from reality.
“In itself, this case is egregious, because they did not dare to touch this mosque even under Brezhnev, at the end of the 1970s there was a plan to demolish it, but then it was abandoned under public pressure. This mosque was not touched under Luzhkov, and only under Sergei Sobyanin this became possible. In Moscow, not a single temple building has been demolished since 1978. For the first time in 33 years, Moscow continued this shameful chronicle, "said Konstantin Mikhailov, coordinator of the Archnadzor movement."
Photo from the 1980s
The Cathedral Mosque was built in 1904 by architect Nikolai Konstantinovich Zhukov and was one of two examples of pre-revolutionary Islamic temple architecture in Moscow.
The second mosque in Moscow after the mosque in Zamoskvorechye, located in Vypolzov lane. After the formation of the Second Muslim Parish of Moscow in 1894-1904. members of the new community decided to look for opportunities to build a new mosque. In the petition of the mullah of this parish Bedretdin Alimov, the tradesman S. Bakirov, the Kasimov merchant H. Akbulatov and others for permission to build a second mosque dated 1894 (the year Emperor Nicholas II came to the throne), it was said about the “small capacity of up to 1500 people” of the mosque in Zamoskvorechye.
Photo 1997 from the archive of the Moscow Department of Cultural Heritage.
Nevertheless, despite the liberalization of public life in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, almost 10 years passed before the second Moscow mosque appeared in the Maryina Grove area (since the late 1930s it has been called S.M.). Plot on Vypolzov per. in the Meshchanskaya part of the city became the property of the Moscow merchant Khusain [at the TsANTD - Khasan] Musyaevich Baibekov no later than January 1902. In July 1903, a petition from Kh.M. possession to build a stone three-story residential building ... and a wooden residential building ... "; at the same time, no mosque or prayer room is even mentioned, and the drawing attached to the petition of 1903 and signed by the architect N. Strukov is not a plan of the mosque, which has survived to this day almost in its original form.
It is obvious that the Muslims decided to “get around” the numerous bureaucratic obstacles that prevented them from legally building a mosque. To do this, with the consent of the owner of the site Kh.M. Baibekov, two other persons - the tradesman Sabirzyan Bakirov and the Kasimov merchant Khabibulla Akbulatov - became co-owners of the buildings on the site.
On December 2, 1902, S. Bakirov and Kh. Akbulatov filed a petition with the Moscow chief police officer to transfer the site with all the buildings (“two two-story residential buildings, a stone bottom, a wooden top, and sixteen non-residential buildings and outbuildings”) in favor of the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual assembly. After the OMDS became the official owner of the site, the issue of building a new mosque instead of the residential building planned in Baibekov's petition was actually a foregone conclusion. In the history of Moscow, there are many analogues of this kind of legalization of Muslim institutions “after the fact”. So, in 1912-13, the community asked for permission from the authorities to build a S.m. two-story wooden building "for apartments"; in fact, in addition to residential premises, a religious school also began to work in the new building (after the revolution, Tatar school No. 48 was probably located here; see Tatar children's educational institutions in Moscow). In the journal "Architect" No. 32 of 1904, a note appeared: "The Mohammedan community in Moscow began the construction of a second mosque, having acquired for 35,000 rubles. piece of land. The project was carried out by the architect Nikolai Alekseevich Zhukov in the Byzantine style with choirs for 2000 worshipers. Construction S.m. funded by Erzin Salih Yusupovich (with the participation of the Kasimov merchants Kh. Baybekov, Vagapovs, Kashaevs, etc.). The request for permission to open a prayer house for Muslims was submitted by the Moscow Mohammedan Society in May 1904, in June the project made by the architectural technician was already approved N. Zhukov, and in November of the same year the mosque was ready for the start of worship. On November 27, 1904, the first imam-khatib of the new mosque, Alimov Bedretdin-hazrat, filed a petition to perform the first prayer in it.
In the inventory of the property for 1906, there is a "stone 2-storey mosque with a basement". By 1913, two two-storey houses: one housed a religious school, the other - the apartments of the clergy.
The correspondence of the leading parishioners of S.m. with the mufti of the OMDS with a request to allow the aforementioned imam to head the new parish. His assistant and second imam S.m. was the son of Bedretdin, Safa Alimov, after whose arrest in 1920/21. the mosque was headed by Abdulvadud Fattahetdinov. Repression con. 1920s led to the sudden death of muezzin Abdurakhman Alimov (the second son of the founder of the mosque) and the arrest of imam A. Fattakhetdinov in 1928, after which the mosque was headed by the former imam of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair Mosque and Kazy TsDUM Gabdulla Suleimani (1929-30). Musa Vakhitov was his muezzin , who then became the imam-hatib of the mosque (1930-36). In 1936, the NKVD officers inspired the “case of a conspiracy of the leaders of the Central Spiritual Directorate of Music” (see K. Tarjemani), according to which G. Suleimani, Musa Vakhitov, the imam of the Historical Mosque A. Shamsutdinov and others were repressed in 1936-37. At the same time, the mosque in Zamoskvorechye was closed by the authorities, and the mosque in Vypolzov Lane, which became the “Cathedral” (before that status belonged to the mosque on Bol. Tatarskaya St.), remained the only one functioning on the territory. Central European part of the USSR. Moscow metropolitan community in 1936-53. was headed by Khalil Nasriddinov, under whom the attitude of the authorities towards religion changed in connection with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War with fascist Germany (see the Muslim community of Moscow during the years of Soviet power). After N.S. Khrushchev came to power, Imams S.m. Ismail Rakhmatullin (1953-54) and Ismail Mushtari (1954-56) had to withstand the pressure of a new attack on religion (More details here).
Photo of 1958 by S. Preobrazhensky from the archive of the Moscow Department of Cultural Heritage.
Ramadan holiday.
In the 1950s The Moscow Cathedral Mosque was visited by leaders of national liberation movements and heads of Afro-Asian states friendly to the USSR: the first President of Indonesia, Sukarno (1956), the Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Yemen, Emir Seif al-Islam Mohammed al-Badr (1956), the President of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser (1958), as well as the parliamentary delegations of Iraq, Sudan and Syria.
Photo taken in 1956 by Kolesnikov from the archives of the Moscow Department of Cultural Heritage.
A visit to the mosque by the Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Yemen, Emir Seif al-Islam Mohammed al-Badr.
A special page in the history of the Cathedral Mosque is associated with the holding in Moscow Olympic Games and the construction of a sports complex in the immediate vicinity of it on Mira Avenue. In the Moscow City Council and the city party committee in 1975, the demolition of the mosque was discussed as "spoiling the impression of a sports festival and creating an unfavorable image of the capital as an exemplary communist city for guests." The fate of the mosque, according to people directly involved in this case, really hung in the balance. Plans for its demolition were prevented by the firm position of the Muslim public, headed by the Moscow imams Mustafin and Basyrov. The ambassadors of Egypt, Libya, Syria, Jordan, Said Arabia and other Arab-Muslim countries also unambiguously expressed their protest. By common efforts, the mosque was defended.
Photo taken in 1978. View from Durov Street towards the beginning of Vypolzov Lane. In front of the Olympic sports complex under construction, the Cathedral Mosque is visible.
On June 30, 2008, the Moskomnasledie decided to give the mosque the protection status of an identified object of cultural heritage. However, already on January 21, 2009, under contradictory circumstances, the mosque was excluded from the list of protected monuments. Valery Shevchuk, then Chairman of the Moscow Heritage Committee, was decisive.
She passed away in 2011.
2010
Cathedral Mosque Modern
1909-1913 - Vasiliev Nikolai Vasilievich, Von Gauguin Alexander Ivanovich, Krichinsky Stefan (Stepan) Samoilovich.
Petersburg Cathedral Mosque is the largest in Europe. But the uniqueness of this mosque is not so much in its size, but in the synthesis of northern modern architecture and the traditions of Asian religious architecture. Russian architects in this architectural masterpiece managed to harmoniously combine rough Finnish stone in wall decoration with ornate sophisticated majolica and lattice decors. The stylization is so successful that for all its uniqueness, its naturalness is beyond doubt.
The history of the construction of the Cathedral Mosque was unusually long in time and not cloudless.
The construction committee was formed by a meeting of parishioners on November 5, 1905 and approved by the Minister of the Interior P. G. Stolypin in January 1906. The committee consisted of 20 Muslims, prominent state, public, military figures, merchants and homeowners. The organizer of the Committee was a writer and publicist, doctor of theology, Akhun of the 2nd St. Petersburg Muslim parish A. Bayazitov (1874-1911), editor and publisher of the first Russian Muslim newspaper Nur. Colonel Abdul-Aziz Davletshin was elected Chairman of the Committee. The Committee received the right to raise funds in the amount of up to 750,000 rubles. for ten years throughout the Russian Empire.
The committee purchased a site in the 4th quarter of the Petersburg part at the corner of Kronverksky pr. and Konnoy per. N 9 - 1, owned by engineer I. Dolotsky. However, one site was not enough to accommodate the Mosque. Mihrab - a sacred niche in front of which believers stand, should be turned towards Mecca, i.e. to the south, in this case - to the rear facade of the house on the neighboring site.
On November 17, 1907, the Committee received permission to purchase an adjacent plot at Kronversky pr. N 7. A two-story outbuilding was preserved on a plot with wooden buildings, which housed the architects' workshops, a construction office, reception rooms of the Construction Committee, and part of the remaining apartments, as in former owners, rented out (the money was transferred to the bank and used for the construction of the Mosque).
The amount required for the acquisition of land plots is 312,000 rubles. was provided to the Construction Committee by the Emir of Bukhara. Under the patronage of the Emir, an architectural competition was held, and then all design and construction work was carried out. The recommendations specially prepared by Akhun Bayazitov for the competition (Bayazitov’s report in the Society of Architects was called “On the construction of a mosque in St. Petersburg”) were taken into account when developing his program: the presence of two tiers of choirs in the mosque, the severity of the interior decoration, the arrangement of an additional hall in the basement for believers for a while celebration of annual Muslim holidays.
To develop the program of the competition for the preliminary design of the mosque, the Society of Architects elected a special Commission consisting of academicians of architecture A.N. Pomerantseva, L.N. Benois, A.I. von Gauguin, architects F.I. Lidvalya, A.I. Dmitriev and Secretary of the Commission S.V. Belyaev. They formed a commission of judges, which also included three representatives of the Construction Committee, one of them being a full member of the Society of Architects. In the program published by the magazine "Architect" when announcing the opening of the competition, it was noted: when designing, use the oriental style, use natural stone for facing the mosque, complete the mosque - a dome, the number of minarets - from one to two, in the latter case their different heights were allowed. In accordance with the requirements of Islam, the mihrab - a sacred niche, should face south, towards Mecca; the image of living creatures was not allowed in decorative decoration.
The results of the competition were summed up on March 11, 1908. It became one of the most representative in the history of the Imperial St. Petersburg Society of Architects: forty-five projects were considered in total, the first three prizes were awarded to the works of famous St. Petersburg architects N.V. Vasilyeva, M.S. Lyalevich, M. M. Peretyatkovich; the second prize was given to the project of N.V. Vasiliev, presented under the motto "Arabesques" (14). Several projects were recommended by the Commission of Judges to the Construction Committee for purchase: "2596, 75", "Samarkand", "Jami" (authors not identified) and "Timur" by Ya.G. Gevirts.
According to the program of the competition, all the awarded projects were focused on the use of the characteristic features of medieval monuments of Muslim architecture - the Gur-Emir mausoleum in Samarkand (N.V. Vasilyev), the Selima mosque in Adrianople (M.S. Lyalevich), the Shakhi-Zinda mosque in Samarkand ( M.M. Peretyatkovich).
For construction, the Commission of Judges recommended the project of N.V. Vasiliev, presented under the motto "Timur". His distinguishing feature- the author's proposal to use granite blocks for wall cladding, to use majolica in the decoration of mosque domes, minarets, portals, the industrial production of which began by 1906 in the Geldwein-Vaulin ceramic workshop located in Kikerino near Gatchina (now the Gorn ceramic factory ") in rich deposits of blue Cambrian clay. To exclude arbitrariness in the creation of majolica decorations, the head of the workshop, an outstanding ceramics artist P.K. Vaulin sent the artist P.M. Maksimov. As a result, the method of manufacturing medieval carved majolica was recreated in the Kikerinsky workshops, which contributed to the stylistically accurate adherence to the prototype, the reproduction of the color and spirit of oriental art, and the expansion of experience in the artistic processing of the material.
To finalize the project, N.V. Vasilyev attracted his colleagues, A.I. von Gauguin, whose high authority both in professional and government circles was urgently needed to solve practical and administrative issues, and the architect S.S. Krichinsky, a member of the Muslim community (his ancestors came from Polish Tatars), which was of fundamental importance for the members of the Construction Committee, as well as his great experience conducting construction work.
The project of the mosque and the application for issuing a permit for the production of work were submitted by A.I. von Gauguin to the City Council on December 14, 1908. On April 3, 1909, S. S. Krichinsky was issued a certificate for preparatory work: dismantling wooden buildings, installing a fence. But at the same time, in April 1909, the project of the mosque was sent for examination to the Imperial Academy of Arts. In general, the project was approved, however, the site chosen for construction on Kronversky Prospekt, near the Church of the Holy Trinity, the first of the Orthodox Churches in St. Petersburg, near the House of Peter the Great, caused a categorical objection; experts saw the creation of a monumental new building here as a threat to the historical integrity of the oldest part of St. Petersburg.
As noted, covering the visit of the clergy and members of the Muslim faction of the State Duma to the chairman of the Council of Ministers, the newspaper "Rech", finding the Academy's remarks thorough, P.G. Stolypin did not, however, consider it possible "to take back the permission already given." On July 8, 1909, the mayor K.I. Drachevsky notified the Construction Committee of the completion of the consideration of the project in all instances, stating that "having considered the project, as well as the review of the Imperial Academy of Arts, I found that there were no obstacles in terms of art to the construction of the mosque according to the submitted project.
In technical terms, there are also no obstacles from the side of the Technical and Construction Committee, but so that before starting work, the dimensions of all structural parts are checked by proper calculations.
As for the projects of the facades of the mosque, those, according to the most humble report of the Minister of the Interior on June 27 of this year, were awarded the approval of His Highest Imperial Majesty.
During July - November 1909, the work of the "zero" cycle was completed: a foundation pit was dug and packed, pile foundations were laid under the pillars of the central hall and under the minarets, strip foundations. The total cost of work - 28.734 rubles. 64 kop. At the same time (until January 1, 1910) N.V. Vasiliev, A.I. von Gauguin and S.S. Krichinsky were paid 2,500 rubles each for the development of the project and the preparation of working drawings.
In May 1910, under the guidance of the German architect and contractor G.-F. Kanna started preparatory work to facing the walls of the Mosque with granite. In Finland, he leased the development of deposits of Kovantsar granite (for wall cladding) and light gray Tiurul gneisses (for cladding minarets and the drum of the dome). These deposits in Kovantsari (Karelia) and Tiurula (modern Leningrad region), at the beginning of the 20th century. located on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Finland, are not currently being developed.
To the selection facing materials for the G.-F. Mosque Kann approached with a deep understanding of the ensemble significance of new architectural structures being created near Troitskaya Square. The samples of facing slabs approved by the architects-builders were sealed with the personal seal of G.-F. Kanna and kept in the safe of the Construction Committee. During the construction, stone and reinforced concrete contractors monitored the timely and high-quality installation of strobes, grooves, nests, the introduction of various fittings for fixing facing slabs.
For the sculptural details of the cladding - arcade belts, cornices, medallions, ornamental compositions - plaster models were preliminarily made according to the drawings of the authors of the project.
In 1911, 95,000 rubles were spent. (71,000 to suppliers, 24,000 to contractors). Of the most significant works we note the installation of a reinforced concrete dome, the beginning of facing with granite facades under the direction of G.-F. Kann, the inscriptions on Arabic sayings from the Koran to decorate the facade - they were made in the "First Special Oriental, Artistic and Artistic Electric Printing" by I. Borogansky. Made to scale, they were then handed over to the carvers of Cannes to transfer them to granite and marble slabs. From October 30, under an agreement with A.O. Schultz began manufacturing "metal frames for windows and light openings at 72 rubles per 1 arshin", all frames - summer and winter - were made according to the drawings and drawings of architects, from high-quality metal, with lattice bindings. In November 1911, the Construction Committee signed a contract with O. Geldwein to perform majolica work on the Mosque.
In 1912, a large amount of work was carried out on facing the facades of the Mosque with granite slabs (73,255 rubles were paid to G.-F. Kann), the second team of Kann was installing the majolica lining of the dome and portals (17,000 rubles were paid for the majolica products delivered from Kikerino). ). Simultaneously with the continuation of work on the waterproofing of the basements, the installation of central water heating and ventilation was carried out according to the project developed by the engineers of the company "Drzevetsky and Yezioransky" (since 1913 - the company "S.Yu. Korsak (former Drzevetsky and Yezioransky)". water in the stoker, arranged in the basement of the House for ablutions, they installed steam boilers of the Cornwall system, with a pump of the "Worthington" system. Heating devices - large-format smooth cast-iron radiators, were installed in special niches, covered with shield screens. To prevent condensation on the walls of the Mosque, radiators were installed under the windows of the main dome, in the lower part of the small dome, under the windows of the minarets on the grounds for the muezzin.The volume of forced ventilation was 1 cu.sat. per person, in total - 3.000 cu. + 18 C at an outside temperature of -10 C. The bulk of the air was directed to the main hall of the Meche ty. Simultaneously, the company "Chantril" was installing the electric lighting of the Mosque.
On February 9, 1913, the Committee for the Construction of the Mosque received permission from the Minister of the Interior to hold the first divine service on February 21, dedicated to the tercentenary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty, ".... in order to provide the Emir of Bukhara and Khan Khiva, arriving in St. Petersburg for these celebrations, with the opportunity to listen to the Divine service according to the rites of their religion. This temple, although not yet finished with construction, is already heated and brought inside in such a form that it fully admits the possibility of a temporary worship in it. With the outbreak of the First World War, the course finishing works, naturally, slowed down: the number of donations decreased, taxes increased, many builders were mobilized; since that time, the publication of digital reports has ceased, the only source for this period was the income and expenditure statements from the collection of documents of the Museum of the History of Religion.
It follows from them that in 1915 the Geldwein-Vaulin company was paid 30,000 rubles for majolica. In September, the Mosque was opened for paid inspection, including for military personnel. The announcements said that money was needed to complete the construction of the Mosque. In 1916-1917. payments continued to the Glass-Industrial Society (17,500 rubles), the Fittings Plant for lighting fixtures (3,100 rubles), the Geldwein-Vaulin company - for majolica (4,500 rubles on December 20, 1916, and 4,000 rubles on December 20, 1917 G.). Apparently, the decoration of the portals was carried out from previously prepared materials, because. The year 1915 was the last in the history of the Geldwein-Vaulin ceramic production: since 1916, the plant began producing shells for the front, and in 1917, all equipment was destroyed in a fire and production was liquidated (24). For these reasons, the majolica interior decoration was not finished; the surviving author's projects make it possible, in principle, to recreate the interior of the Mosque during the restoration process: turquoise tiles in conch decoration above the mihrab, a frieze of stylized flowers on the drum of the dome, entablature of the columns and pylons of the central hall should be decorated with a variety of wickerwork, wave ornament, concentric circles.
At the end of 1917, the San Galli factory produced a cast-iron grate for the fence. In 1918, work continued to replace temporary glazing with a permanent one (payment of bills of the Glass Industrial Society on April 10 - 4,000 rubles, September 10 - 4,500, October 19 -5,000 and December 10 - 40,000 rubles). At the end of the year, the settlement accounts of the Cathedral Mosque in the Azov-Don and Volga-Kama banks were arrested by the Council of People's Commissars, all work stopped.
The registration of the Muslim "twenty" in Petrograd by the Soviet authorities was timed to coincide with April 30, 1920, when regular services began in the Cathedral Mosque from one of the most important Muslim holidays of the month of Ramadan. During 1920-1921, a large Tabriz consecrated handmade carpet for the central hall was delivered from Bukhara to Petrograd - the last gift of the Emir of Bukhara; with an area of about 400 square meters, a carpet spread on the floor of the prayer space (the floor of the central hall was not yet finished with parquet) was an important element of the ritual decoration of the interior of the Cathedral Mosque.
In a merciless maelstrom of events, the fates of people and buildings intertwined: back in 1914, Alexander Ivanovich von Gauguin passed away, in 1919 Nikolai Vasilyevich Vasiliev and his wife went to the Crimea to the architect Yuri Fedorovich Stravinsky, then went into exile. Only Stefan Samoilovich Krichinsky remained near the Mosque. There is reason to believe that in 1923 he was shot along with the most actively resisting the regime part of the "twenty" of the Muslim community of Petrograd.
(Based on the posted article by Rinat Ptersky )
(article by Vityazeva from History of St. Petersburg No. 1(5) 2002)
The building is included in the Unified State Register of Cultural Heritage Objects (monuments of history and culture) of peoples Russian Federation as an object of cultural heritage of regional importance (7801089000)
- Muslim community Moscow has about two million people.
- There are 6 major mosques in Moscow and over 100 Muslim prayer houses.
- In the XV-XVI centuries in Zamoskvorechye, the first settlement of Tatars and representatives of other eastern peoples was formed - the Tatar settlement (B. Tatarskaya st.).
- In 1773 Catherine II issued a decree "On tolerance of all religions" and Islam was recognized legal religion Tatars and Bashkirs.
- Moscow Central Mosque considered to be the Cathedral Mosque on Mira Avenue. This is one of the largest mosques in Europe, with a capacity of 10,000 people.
- included in the large complex of Victory Park.
The Muslim community is one of the largest in Moscow and has about two million people. There are 6 large mosques and more than 100 Muslim prayer houses in Moscow. The main Muslim object of the capital is the Cathedral Mosque on Prospekt Mira. The former Tatarskaya Sloboda in Zamoskvorechye is considered to be a historical Muslim district. Now here are the Historical Mosque and the Tatar Cultural Center, and the origin of the names of many streets has Tatar and eastern roots.
At the origins of the Moscow Muslim community
The history of the Moscow Muslim community goes back to the time of the Golden Horde, which in 1312 recognized Islam as the state religion. Long years The Moscow principality existed under the yoke of the khanate, and this could not but affect Russian culture.
The mosque was rebuilt again in 1914. As a result, it turned into a stone building of two floors. An orphanage and a madrasah were opened at the mosque. In the 30s of the XX century. during the struggle of the Soviet authorities with religions, repressions began against the Muslim clergy. In 1936, Mullah A. Shamsutdinov was arrested, and the mosque on Bolshaya Tatarskaya was closed. For many decades it housed the military registration and enlistment office.
The Historical Mosque was reopened in 1993. A monument to the outstanding Tatar poet Musa Jalil was erected next to the mosque.
House of Asadullayev
At the beginning of the XX century 
Well-known Muslim entrepreneurs settled in Moscow, including the oilman Shamsi Asadullayev, originally from Baku. In 1913, he donated his mansion in Zamoskvorechye to the Moscow Muslim community (Tatarsky lane, 8). This building housed the center of the spiritual life of the Muslim community in Moscow. In the 30s it was closed and revived again in the 1990s. Now it houses the Tatar Cultural Center.
The Central Mosque of Moscow is the Cathedral Mosque on Prospekt Mira (Vypolzov lane, 7). Initially m 
The church on this site was built at the expense of the Tatar merchant Salih Yerzin in 1904 according to the project of the architect N. Zhukov, and the plot of land for development was purchased at the expense of S. Bakirov and Kh. Akbulatov. The first worship services were held in the Cathedral Mosque in 1904. This is the only mosque in Moscow (and European Russia) that has not been closed during all the years of Soviet power. Among its imams are B. Alimov, A. Fattahetdinov, R. Gainutdin, I. Alyautdinov and others.
In January 1994, the Mejlis of the Muslims of the central regions of Russia was held in Moscow. According to his decision, the Islamic center of Moscow and the Moscow region was created on the basis of the Cathedral Mosque. It includes the madrasah "Ismailia", the highest Islamic college, courses on the study of the Koran. The Spiritual Board of Muslims of the Central European Region was also created and Mufti Sheikh Ravil Gaynutdin was elected. Cathedral Mosque with 
serves as the residence of the Council of Muftis of Russia.
Now the Cathedral Mosque is one of the largest mosques in Europe. After a grand restructuring that ended in 2015. it accommodates about 10,000 people. The height of its minarets is over 70 meters. The historic building, however, had to be almost completely rebuilt during the work. On September 23, 2015, the opening of the renovated Cathedral Mosque was attended by the presidents of Russia and Turkey, delegations from Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Azerbaijan and other countries. Services at the Cathedral Mosque attract far more believers than it can accommodate. During major holidays, Muslims pray outdoors near the mosque.
memorial mosque
The Memorial Mosque on Poklonnaya Hill (Minskaya st., 2B, 1995–97) is included in the large complex on Poklonnaya Hill, dedicated to the victory over the Nazis in the Great Patriotic War. In addition to the memorial mosque, it includes the Museum of the Great Patriotic War, the memorial synagogue, the Orthodox Church of St. George and numerous sculptural compositions.
The construction of this mosque is a tribute to Muslims - participants in the war. Funds for its construction were allocated by the Moscow philanthropist Faiz Gilmanov. The mosque was built according to the project of the architect Ilyas Tazhiev in a mixed Caucasian-Tatar style, has one minaret 60 meters high and belongs to the Juma mosque type.
Danilovskoe Muslim cemetery
On the 2nd Roshchin 
on the road (d.10) is located, retaining the status of the main Muslim cemetery of the capital. Like the neighboring Christian one, it was founded at the end of the 17th century. Until 1956, Muslims living in Moscow, with the observance of religious rites, were allowed to be buried only here. Later, special areas began to be allocated in other graveyards. Many Muslims are buried here, who left a noticeable mark in the history of Russia and the life of Moscow, - the imam-khatib of the mosque on Bolshaya Tatarskaya H. Ageev, patron S. Erzin, merchants Vergazov, Shirinsky, Devishev, Olympic champion Sh. writer M. Maksud.
