Currently in private low-rise construction a wide variety of materials are used, each of which has its own specific advantages and disadvantages and is able to satisfy the needs and needs of the developer to one degree or another. An excellent alternative to traditional construction of silicate or ceramic bricks is the construction of private houses from aerated concrete blocks. You can build a foundation for a house of aerated concrete with your own hands.

The ideal foundation for a house made of aerated concrete is a monolithic or monolithic-strip foundation.

The main characteristics of aerated concrete houses

The advantages of this building material difficult to overestimate, considering whole line its undeniable merits. Here are just a few of them:

• excellent thermal insulation properties, contributing to effective energy saving;
• accurate geometric dimensions of blocks with minimal tolerances, allowing you to build perfectly even walls in a relatively short time;
• high vapor and air tightness, contributing to the creation of a comfortable microclimate in the room;
• fire resistance and environmental friendliness;
• relatively small weight of blocks for a certain area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe walls and, as a result, minimal loads on the foundation.

The last factor is one of the most important, since the minimum weight of the building material makes it possible to significantly speed up and reduce the cost of construction.

In addition, the construction bearing walls from aerated concrete blocks implies the presence of a less massive foundation, which also significantly affects the economy. The foundation for a house made of aerated concrete can be used various kinds, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

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Criteria for choosing the type of foundation

When it comes to choosing the type of foundation for a house made of aerated concrete blocks, a potential developer usually faces two opposite opinions on this matter. Some experts argue that, due to the small weight of the blocks, it is quite possible to confine oneself to a less solid foundation. Their opponents focus on the fact that aerated concrete blocks are very sensitive to deforming loads and, in the absence of a reliable foundation, such walls can crack. For best results, both views must be taken into account.

Another important factor that significantly affects the choice of the type of foundation for an aerated concrete house is the type of soil on the site designated for construction. The best option would be rocky or not subject to frost heaving. In this case, a monolithic reinforced concrete slab with a height of 20 cm is quite suitable as a base for the house.

The most difficult soils are clay and loam. On such soils, it is preferable to use the traditional one, laying it to the entire depth of soil freezing. Often a combination of tape and slab types is used, when the tape is buried along the entire perimeter of a monolithic slab.

In addition to the tape and slab, the so-called prefabricated technology is known, which involves the construction of a foundation from prefabricated prefabricated blocks. Due to the ease of installation, this method allows you to reduce the time for foundation work, but it is not recommended to use it for building a house of aerated concrete. The fact is that such blocks have increased water absorption, and enhanced waterproofing will be required to protect the foundation from moisture. In addition, possible movements of heavy blocks are guaranteed to lead to the appearance of cracks on the walls.

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An example of calculating a tape monolithic foundation

Scheme of the device of a monolithic foundation.

When building a house from aerated concrete with your own hands, most of the technical calculations have to be done independently. not an exception. It is very important to take this stage of work with all seriousness, since the reliability and durability of the structure as a whole will depend entirely on the foundation.

Consider one of the simplified options for the technique for a house made of aerated concrete. Suppose it is necessary to build a one-story residential building from aerated concrete blocks with dimensions of 10 by 9 m on clay soil. As other initial data, we take the following values:

• soil freezing depth - 0.8 m;
• distance from the planning mark to the groundwater level - less than 2 m;
• the total weight of all structural elements without foundation M1 (calculated separately) - 55.5 tons.

Based on the available data, we set the preliminary parameters of the foundation: the total length of the perimeter L, taking into account the central partition, is 47 m; width R - 0.4 m; height H - 0.8 m.

The area of ​​the base of the foundation S is determined by subtracting the area of ​​​​its inner part (8.2 × 9.2 \u003d 75.44 m²) from total area houses (9 × 10 = 90 m²) plus the area of ​​​​the central partition (0.4 × 8.2 = 3.28 m²):

S \u003d 90-75.44 + 3.28 \u003d 17.84 m².

Calculated according to the formula:

V \u003d S × H \u003d 17.84 × 0.8 \u003d 14.272 m³.

As a material for pouring, we choose concrete of grade not lower than M150. The specific weight of concrete of this brand according to the standards is 2500 kg / m³, therefore, the total weight of the foundation will be:

M2 \u003d 14.272 × 2500 \u003d 35.680 kg, or 35.68 tons.

Thus, the weight of the house together with the foundation will be equal to:

M \u003d M1 + M2 \u003d 55.5 + 35.68 \u003d 91180 kg or 91.18 tons.

To this value it is necessary to add the payload from the furniture, equipment, people, etc. located in the house. With a margin, this value is taken equal to the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house multiplied by 180 kg / m²:

M (load) \u003d 90 × 180 \u003d 16200 kg, or 16.2 tons.

The total total weight of the building with all loads will be:

M (gen.) \u003d M + M (load.) \u003d 91.18 + 16.2 \u003d 107.38 tons.

Next, you need to check the selected for performance. To do this, compare the value of the specific pressure on the soil under the base of the foundation P with the calculated soil resistance R (in tons per square meter). To do this, the total weight of the building is divided by the area of ​​​​the sole:

P = M(total) / S = 107.38 / 17.84 = 6.019 t/m².

The value of soil resistance R for clay soils is 10.0 t/m². To ensure the safety margin of the foundation, it is necessary that the value of R is 15-20% higher than the value of P. After performing the necessary calculations, we find that the ratio of P:R values ​​in this case is 7.22:10.0. It follows that the resistance of the soil significantly exceeds the load acting on it. Consequently, the most important condition for the reliable operation of the foundation was observed and its dimensions were initially chosen correctly.

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Calculation of the slab foundation

On problem soils with a heterogeneous soil structure, it is advisable to use a slab foundation. This type of foundation can be either monolithic or consisting of individual prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs.

If there are doubts about which one is better to choose a foundation, then the choice in favor of a shallow monolithic slab foundation is guaranteed to be an unmistakable option. It is a whole reinforced concrete slab placed on a substrate of loose materials. Such a plate is "floating", that is, it rises and falls simultaneously with seasonal ground movements. Main advantages of this type foundation:

• ease of manufacture and relatively low cost;
• excellent indicators of strength and bearing capacity;
• the ability to place on absolutely any type of soil;
• frost resistance and increased thermal insulation properties;
• Possibility of use as a floor for a basement or basement floor.

As you know, there are such large categories of foundations: strip, slab, column and pile. But what is the best foundation for aerated concrete? We find out.

Criteria for choosing a foundation for a structure made of gas blocks

The choice of foundation is determined by such factors:

1. Geological position of the construction site: saturation of the soil with water, groundwater level, strength of the base.
2. Mass of the proposed building.
3. your financial potential.

The most suitable soils: medium-large. They have excellent strength, there is resistance to heaving during frosts.

Good strength in loams and hard clays. But they are less resistant to heaving. Here, during construction, measures must be taken in time to prevent frost heaving.

Construction activities should go on those foundations that are deepened below the freezing mark of the soil. Average value here: 1-2 m.

What foundation is needed for an aerated concrete house? If normal, then he should at least half a meter higher than the groundwater level. And depending on the position of moisture, you can use a structure that is at least 1.5 m deep. Another option is a structure at a shallow depth (70-100 cm). Also, when determining the depth of the foundation, it is important to take into account the need for a basement.

Structural features of the building and pressure on the foundation

Here is the following table. It reflects the types of soils and suitable foundations for them.

Thus, what kind of foundation is suitable for building from gas blocks? This is a tape and slab option.

Strip foundation. Shallow penetration (MLF)

Its advantages:

1. Reducing the volume of earthworks.
2. High dynamics of construction.
3. Additional measures not necessary if the groundwater position is at least 1 meter from the ground surface.
4. Laying on conditionally non-rocky and non-rocky soils.

According to the manufacturing method, it can be monolithic or prefabricated. For a house made of aerated concrete, the first is better. It is stronger and more reliable.

According to the type of section, MLFs are rectangular and T-like. The former have weak bearing qualities. Therefore, the latter is often preferred. And MLF in this situation form a tape, a pillow with horizontal arrangement and the vertical component.

Foundation level

Before installing an MLF, it is important to study how deeply the soil freezes in your area. It is also useful to be based on the data and the table below:

It is equally important to base your work on the position of groundwater. If they are closer than two meters to the intended sole, it is better to make a deep foundation and arrange drainage technology.

Protection methods

They are essential to extend the life of the MLF. They are:

1. The tape is insulated over the entire height of the laying. Material - extruded polystyrene foam.
2. A warm blind area is being made. The material is concrete. The same insulation is laid under it. Thickness: 10-15 cm.
3. Vertical waterproofing is done. She lays down under the heater. Material - bituminous roll, or mastic.
4. Water is drained from the foundation. Stormwater and drainage are being installed.
5. A sand layer of 30-50 cm is made. The type of sand is coarse or medium.

Stages of MLF creation

They are in many ways similar to the stages of creating a buried tape. They are:

1. The zone is marked. A trench of the required parameters is made.
2. A sandy layer is arranged (see item 4 above). Carefully rammed.
3. Styrofoam formwork is installed.
4. The structure is reinforced.
5. The concrete composition is poured. The work is done in one session. Required concrete: B15-B25.
6. The concrete is compacted with a vibrator.
7. The concrete hardens. Care follows.
8. if necessary, the formwork is removed.
9. The foundation is being waterproofed.
10. The foundation is insulated.
11. Backfilling follows.
12. A blind area is created.

Disadvantages of the tape base

1. Impressive spending.
2. Lots of building materials needed.
3. The need for hydroprotection of each block.

Slab foundation (PF)

For aerated concrete construction, PF is a more reliable and durable option, especially if it is monolithic. It is suitable for the erection of one- and two-story buildings. True, its cost is extremely high - almost a third of the price of the entire building. This is in the case of attracting specialists. If you create a slab yourself, you can save money and create a quality foundation (if you follow the right rules).

Advantages of PF:

1. Suitability for buildings of different heights (1-2 floors).
2. Suitability for houses with a basement.
3. There is no need to lay the log on the floor.
4. It turns out a powerful base, resistant to seismic factors.
5. Minimal risk of water washout.
6. Device in areas with difficult soil.

Typically, slabs are created flat or ribbed. The second option is the most difficult independent work. But its functionality is better, and it handles building loads better. This is the best option for a two-story aerated concrete house.

For him, you first need to create special edges, and then the slab itself. Sand is used to fill the voids between the ribs.

And when your working area has very difficult soil, and you want to build an average or small house, then you'd better arrange a flat PF.

Stages of creating a PF:

1. The soil is being prepared. The work area is being levelled. Pouring soil. It is thoroughly rammed with a vibrating tool.
2. Suitable base parameters (thickness, length and width) are calculated. The soil is removed to a depth of about 30 cm. It turns out a "capacity" for future pouring.
3. The bottom of the "tank" is covered with geotextiles. Drainage is being done.
4. "Capacity" is covered with a mixture of sand and gravel. The surface is watered and thoroughly rammed. It fits - thick polyethylene. And then - extruded polystyrene foam.
5. Formwork is being assembled. Material - expanded polystyrene. Wall thickness - up to 25 cm.
6. . The fewer reinforcing joints, the stronger the knitting will be.
7. The end ends of the monolithic slab are reinforced.
8. The slab itself is reinforced. Additional reinforcement is placed on columns, walls and supporting elements.
9. The slab is to be poured. Required concrete: M350 - M450. The water resistance parameter is at least W6. The supply of concrete comes from the mixer. First, the far side of the PF is concreted, then the near edges. Helpers are needed to get the job done. Someone pours the mixture, someone compacts it with a vibrator.
10. The concrete sets. A day later, thoroughly watered. If the work is going on in the heat, the concrete is covered with thick polyethylene.
11. Concrete needs 10 days to fully harden (if the air outside is +20 C) or 20 days (outdoor temperature condition is +10 C)

About the monolithic foundation on the video

Material from ProfiBlock:

Pile Foundation (SF)

If the area for an aerated concrete building is a swampy area, a coastal area, a slope, a peat bog, then the best option (and only one) is pile foundation(SF).

Advantages of SF:

1. Earthwork is needed only for a hanging grillage.
2. Powerful performance - maximum 14 days.
3. No special equipment needed.
4. A pick-up is needed only for high grillages.
5. Full geological analyzes are not required. A test pile penetration will determine the depth. Next, choose piles of suitable length.

Pile grillages are the best solution for a one-story attic building.

Minuses of the SF: it is necessary to thoroughly connect all the working elements, the slightest miscalculation can lead to the collapse of the SF.

Column foundation (StF)

It should be used when the groundwater position is 2 m from the columnar foot. Suitable areas: those where there is rocky, sandy or gravelly soil. For an aerated concrete structure, such a foundation is not very suitable due to its serious disadvantages.

Cons of STF:

1. Weak spatial rigidity.
2. Tendency to fall due to lateral movements of the soil.
3. The need for a large volume of operations to reduce swelling impulses.
4. complete disrepair for two-story house.

Material calculations

They follow the example of creating a monolithic LF. Basics of calculations: parameters of blocks and the house itself.

Project example

1. The planned living area of ​​the house is 65 sq.m.
2. Roof parameters - 124 sq.m.
3. House parameters: 9 x 8 x 6.3 m.
4. There is a load-bearing partition, it divides the house into two parts
5. There are internal partitions. Divide these parts into rooms.
6. Clay soil. Freezing - 90 cm.
7. The occurrence of water - 2 m.

Based on these data, the foundation is set with the following parameters:

• approximately 45 m long,
• 75 cm high,
• 30 cm - minimum width by calculations.

The calculation of materials for the sole comes down to determining the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe foundation: 0.3 m x 45 m = 13.5 sq.m.

Bookmark depth: 3/4 of the ground freezing mark, but at least 70 cm.

Concrete consumption

The required concrete is M150. The parameter used here is 13.5 cubic meters. This is the result of multiplying 0.3 * (0.25 + 0.75) x 45 \u003d 13.5 m 3.

The specific gravity of reinforced concrete is 2500 kg/cu.m. Gross weight of LF and base:

2500 kg / m 3 x 13.5 m 3 \u003d 33,750 kg.

Blocks for external walls have parameters of 60 x 30 x 20 cm, 500 kg / m3 (density). Each block weighs 20 kg.

It takes 660 blocks to create walls 30 cm wide. Calculation: 36 m (perimeter of the building) and 6.3 m (its height). The length of the block is 60 cm, the height is 20 cm. For the entire perimeter filling, 1890 blocks are needed. Calculation: (36 m: 0.6 m) x (6.3 m: 0.2 m) = 60 * 31.5 = 1890.

Taking into account different openings, this value is reduced by almost three times.

Weight of all blocks: 20 x 660 = 13200 kg.

Blocks for internal walls have parameters 60 x 20 x 12 cm. Density 300 kg / m3. Each block weighs 4.35 kg. They need 560 pieces. Weight of all partitions: 4.35 x 560 = 2436 kg. For convenience, this value is rounded up to 2400 kg.

Metal to create external doors provided that standard sizes doors 2 x 0.8 x 1.6. Weight - 250 kg.

Lumber for work is selected from their coniferous wood. Their total volume is 23 cubic meters. After all, the specific gravity of such a breed is 500 kg / cubic meter. Calculation: 500 x 23 = 11500 kg.

Concrete slabs for the basement. Type - with voids. Their thickness is 0.22 m. The specific gravity is 1.36 t/m3. Area calculation: 9 x 8 = 72 sq.m.

Volume: 72 x 0.22 \u003d 15.84 cubic meters

Total weight: 15.84 x 1.36 = 21542 kg.

Facing brick. Calculation of the finishing area: (9 + 9 + 8 + 8) x 0.25 \u003d 8.5 m 2.

For 1 m 51 bricks are obtained. Each brick weighs 2 kg. The formula works: 8.5 m 2 x 51 pcs / m 2 x 2 kg = 867 kg.

Calculation of the composition (if 0.02 cubic meters of composition is spent per 1 sq.m. of masonry): 8.5 x 0.02 m 3 \u003d 0.17 m 3.

Mass of the composition: 0.17 m 3 * 1.1 t / m 3 \u003d 187 kg.

The entire weight of the finish: 187 + 867 = 1054 kg.

The entire mass of the building with loads

All calculations are summarized here. And without aerated concrete floor it turns out:

33.75 + 13.2 + 2.4 + 0.25 + 11.5 + 21.542 + 1.054 + 0.61 + + 0.25 + 0.504 + 0.096 + 0.65 + 0.25 = 86.056 tons.

In terms of coverage:

86,056 + 12,116 = 98.172 tons.

Snow load including flat roof: 124 m 2 * 160 kg / m 3 \u003d 19,840 kg.

Here 160 is the average value of the snow load.

Calculation of the payload resulting from furniture and residents: 6439 × 180 = 11682 kg, rounded - 11700 kg.

The total value of the load from the entire structure: 88.4 + 18.6 + 11.7 = 118.7 tons.

Calculation of the specific pressure (UD) under the foundation sole: P = 118.7 / 13.47 = 8.81 t / sq.m (the entire mass of the house is divided by the area for this sole).

You need to look at the reference materials. According to them, the UD for clay soil= 10 t/sq.m. The parameter is greater than the obtained value (8.81). This means that all calculations are correct. And the LF for the aerated concrete house is designed correctly.

Calculations on a slab foundation

Under the same conditions as in the work on a monolithic LF, it is necessary to calculate the area of ​​​​the plate and its thickness. The calculation method is similar to the operations for calculating the LF. In this case, the height of the house is 6.3 m, then stiffeners are needed.

The parameters of the reinforcing elements are also important.

So a reinforcing bar is suitable with a cross section of at least 2 cm. Its level is the second. The interval between the bars is 9 cm. The reinforcement extends 5 cm from the cut of the slab. Calculation: 2 x 2 + 9 + 5 x 2 \u003d 23 cm. This is the thickness of the slab for the house in this case.

Calculation of the base for strength

Concrete brand - M350. Calculation:

118.7 tons: 36 (perimeter) x 0.3 (wall thickness) = 10.9. Rounded 11 mPa

The parameter of this brand of concrete is 25 MPa

Bearing capacity calculation: the mass of the slab is divided by its entire area. The result obtained is compared with the tabular data of a certain soil in your area. If the indicator is lower, then the calculations are correct.

Results

Which foundation is cheaper after all? The most profitable design is the one with the least consumption of concrete. And if according to the calculations (which is unlikely) there will be a slab, then there are no questions - we are preparing the basis for the slab structure.

Overview of all types of foundations on video

Webinar from Gleb Green.

What kind of foundation is needed for a house made of aerated concrete? There is no single correct answer. Almost any of the possible great start for the given type of building. It is worth noting that the design of the base for a wooden or brick building is selected quickly, however, new materials have their own standards and requirements.

Attention! The foundation project for an aerated concrete house requires deep thinking and knowledge of some tricks that will help speed up the pouring process and create a structure that can withstand almost any load.

When designing a foundation for a house, many make a fatal mistake - counting that for a light material, a massive foundation is not required. Strip foundation under a house made of aerated concrete, must have a calculated strength and depth, otherwise, soon, the structure of the house will crack. The main task of the concrete substrate during construction is to create conditions under which the entire pressure force will diverge evenly without peak areas.

Strip foundation for aerated concrete house

The main problem in the construction of the construction of supports for a house made of aerated concrete is the buoyancy force. It is this force that is balanced by buildings that are built from heavier materials. To solve the problem, you need to understand what width will be ideal. Concrete underlay cottage from aerated concrete can be shallow, but it is worth paying great attention to exactly how it will be designed.

Important! With a shallow base form, it is necessary to use a sand cushion. It is this pillow that contributes to better stability of the foundation even with deep freezing of the soil.

It is worth noting that the most suitable option is the pile construction of a support for a house made of aerated concrete, as in the video:

The presented form of the foundation of the house, due to additional piles, is able to keep the base of the building from deformation on almost any soil or soil. Thanks to the piles, the deepening of which, as a rule, reaches 1 meter, they transfer the load to the soil and counteract the pushing forces.

Foundation for a two-story house made of aerated concrete

In order to construct a foundation with your own hands for a two-story aerated concrete house, it is necessary to take into account all the important aspects of the building. Among all, the main ones are:

• wall mass and pressure force per linear meter of aerated concrete base;
• the mass of floors, which will exert additional pressure on the base of the building;
• roof mass as additional mass.

When building a two-story house, the question remains important - what size of the foundation for a house made of light material is needed. Professional builders who build such buildings recommend using a structure that is at least 10 centimeters wider than the building block at the top and 15-20 wider at the bottom. It is this wedge-shaped design that will maximize the prevention of the "moving out" of the house on the ground. Also, when using such a base, you should pay attention to the substrate, which, as a rule, made exclusively from sand.

In general, the calculation of the base for a house made of aerated concrete can be carried out using an ordinary calculator for calculating the tape base for construction.

Foundation slab for aerated concrete house

This type of foundation is characterized by the fact that concrete is poured directly under the entire surface of the structure. There are some positives and negatives when using such a building foundation. Among the positives, one can distinguish:

• ease of pouring concrete mixture immediately at the construction site;
• using less reinforcement to strengthen the base;
• the foundation itself, if desired, can serve as an excellent floor inside the built house;
• distributing the mass of the entire house onto the slab reduces the buoyancy force acting on the house.

Among the negative points, the use of this type of foundation, it can be noted:

• high costs for concrete for the preparation of concrete mix;
• the need to level a larger surface horizontally, which is possible only with the help of special equipment;
• to fill such a foundation, you need to pick up a flat area or perform a large amount of earthwork to level the area for pouring;
• this type of foundation requires long-term miscalculations for plumbing, gas and waste fittings;
• the need for careful selection of soil to accommodate such a base structure;
• prolonged drying of the surface with a monolithic type of filling will not allow construction, immediately after organizational work.

Attention: like the tape structure, the presented view can “lean” on piles, which will increase the allowable load directly on the foundation.

Much attention should be paid directly to the characteristics of the soil under the future building. The disadvantages of choosing such a foundation include a shallow occurrence: at the same time, high-rise buildings without additional fortifications can “float” after a while due to soil erosion. Also, the presented type of pouring the base is not suitable for those regions where the freezing depth is higher than the mark of 1 m.

Foundation - no one will doubt that this part of the house is the most important and requires special attention. Walls, windows, roofing and even floors can be quickly repaired or reconstructed if necessary, but the foundation is done once and for all.

That is why, when choosing the type of foundation, as well as calculating loads and selecting materials, one should carefully consider every, even the smallest and most insignificant moment.

In the vastness of our country, very popular among consumers are modern houses made of a material such as aerated concrete. It should be noted that any type of building support is perfect for such structures - the main thing is to make right choice, correctly calculate the amount of solution and additional materials.

In other words, it is imperative to calculate the foundation for a house made of aerated concrete before starting construction, because this is the only way to guarantee the reliability of the structure, its durability and reliability.

Calculating the characteristics of the base of the house is an important point in construction

Before calculating the foundation of a house made of aerated concrete, it is important to remember one thing - this process is quite complex and time-consuming in terms of various calculations. Frankly speaking, it is better to perform such calculations together with professionals or use a special online calculator.

But still, if there is such a need, or if you just want to independently check all the data and results, then each owner of the construction site can make a calculation on their own.

It should be noted that the instruction for calculating the base for a house made of aerated concrete is universal and unified. However, there are some differences for each type of base, for example, for a strip or the same column.

Tape supporting structure: basics of calculation

Everything an owner needs to know country house, can be listed as:

• Density and thickness of gas blocks;
• Mass of materials (at least approximate);
• Number of storeys of the building;
• The type of soil on which the structure is being built;
• Useful and snow load.

The calculation of the sole of the base under the building is based on the following formula:

S > γn F/γc Ro , where:

• S is the sole area;
• F - design load on the base (includes the total mass of the house, useful and snow loads);
• γn = 1.2 – foundation reliability factor;
• γc - coefficient of working conditions (as a rule, for each type of soil there is its own coefficient value: sand - 1.2-1.4; clay - 1.0-1.2);
• R0 - conditional value of soil resistance (used for soils with a laying depth of 1.5-2 meters).

An example of calculating the sole of a strip foundation

Using the formula given earlier, we calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe sole of the base of the building with our own hands.

For this, the following values ​​should be used: γn=1.2, F= 180000 kg, wc=1.0, R0 = 3.5 kg/cm2:

S>1.2-180000/1.0*3.5 = 61800 cm2 = 6.18 m2

If the total length of the foundation is 35 meters, then the width of the base of the foundation should be no less than: 6.18 / 35 = 0.18 meters.

The calculation of the base for a concrete house is carried out as a calculation of the total perimeter. In the future, in order to simplify all the stages of calculations, it is best to turn to special online calculators for help.

It is enough just to enter data into special fields and it will be possible to obtain the most reliable parameters for creating a reliable and modern, strong and durable support.

Important. The cost of organizing a house support directly depends on the data obtained during the calculation. Therefore, the accuracy of the calculation is very important in order to reduce the overall costs and obtain a truly durable foundation for the house.

Column base calculation: parameters and factors

Often, knowing how to calculate the foundation for a house made of aerated concrete-pillar type, you can not be afraid for the strength and reliability of the building. As an example, as a rule, for a columnar base, a supporting structure made of monolithic reinforced concrete is taken.

The perimeter part and the design of the building remain unchanged (as for the tape), but still, some original parameters are used:

1. Cross-section of pillar elements used to organize the base;
2. The section of the sole of each of the pillars;
3. Distance between poles.

In the course of calculating the base of the columnar type, it will be necessary to find out the total load on the soil of the soles of the pillars, as well as to find out the depth of penetration. The last parameter, by the way, depends on the depth of soil freezing in each of the regions.

Calculator for founding a house from gas blocks: why it is better to use the online version

Note! Currently, there are no problems with finding online calculators for support, they are presented in a huge assortment and allow you to make accurate calculations of all data. It is enough just to enter the initial parameters and make the calculation.

Among the main advantages of calculating not by formulas, but using a special online service, one can note:

• High speed and simplicity. In most cases, knowing all the initial parameters, you can calculate the support for the building in a matter of minutes;
• Accuracy. A special algorithm is built into the service, thanks to which it is possible to achieve increased accuracy of the finishing data without errors and errors;

• Variety of options. In truly modern online support calculation services, you can select data for any type of foundation. This is very convenient, eliminating the need to select and search for a huge number of formulas.

Conclusion

In the presented video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.

Aerated concrete is very widely used for the construction of buildings and structures. This material quickly gained popularity due to its low price, low weight, ease of construction and low thermal conductivity, which means that the house will be warm.

The low weight of the material will help save on the foundation, good insulation saves money on wall insulation, so the real savings increase compared to the nominal.

But such material is fragile, does not work well for bending. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a foundation that will take into account all the shortcomings, as well as at least partially level them.

Types of foundations that are used for the construction of buildings from gas blocks:

• tape;
• columnar;
• monolithic;
• reinforced concrete slab.

In order to determine the type of foundation, it is necessary to perform a load calculation, find out the characteristics of the soil, the depth of soil freezing in a given region, and establish the seismic situation in the construction area.

To correctly calculate the foundation, you will need the help of a qualified specialist. The online calculator presented below will help determine the needs for materials, even for those who are not well versed in construction.

The strip foundation is reinforced concrete structure in the form of a tape with a closed contour. It is arranged under the load-bearing walls of the building. This foundation for an aerated concrete house is best suited, and it is he who is most often used.

Sequence of the strip base device

• Axes are split.
• A trench of the required depth is dug. aerated concrete light material and here you can save money, but you need to take into account the depth of soil freezing. How deep the trench will be - will determine the calculation.
• A sand cushion is made in the trench, then drainage material is poured.
• Formwork installation, it is better to use panel formwork.
• A reinforcing cage is placed in the formwork.
• It is poured with concrete mortar with parallel compaction with a vibrator.

If there are not very large loads on the base, and the soil is strong enough and not loose, then the foundation for a house made of aerated concrete can be installed columnar. This type of foundation is very economical.

Pillars are installed only at the corners of the structure, at the intersection of load-bearing walls and in places of increased load. What will be the pitch of the pillars depends on the design of the structure, but not wider than 2.5 meters.

Necessary tools and materials

Column base mounting technology

• Markup in progress. Pegs are installed on it.
• Wells of the required depth are pulled out.
• Poles are installed. They can be brick or reinforced concrete. If the load is low, then piles of metal pipes may come up.
• The tops of the pillars will be united with a grillage.

Most solid foundation under the house of aerated concrete - monolithic. Aerated concrete is brittle and does not work well for bending, therefore, in the event of subsidence of the soil, the structure may crack and the integrity of the structure may be violated.

Such a basis is established in the case of:

• high occurrence of groundwater;
• the presence of unreliable soils prone to landslides or subsidence;
• construction in a seismically active zone;
• uneven relief.

Monolithic base installation technology

• Site marking is in progress.
• The pit is digging.
• Formwork is installed. The load on it will be serious, so it is necessary to securely fix the walls of the structure.
• A reinforcing mesh of 12 mm rods is laid. It is knitted directly at the place of installation.
• Poured concrete mix in separate layers, while immediately compacted with vibrators.
• After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed, after which they begin to erect walls or columns.
• This foundation requires significant financial investment, but it will forever protect against problems associated with adverse effects during the operation of the building, because. this is the strongest and most reliable foundation.

Reinforced concrete slab. Such a foundation for a house made of aerated concrete is also very reliable. This plate is arranged over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe building. Based on the calculations optimal height plate is 400 mm. Its underground part is 100 mm, and the aboveground part is 300 mm.

With this design of the base, there is no need to lay it to the freezing depth, because. he is not afraid of frost. In case of ground displacement, foundation slab along with the building that is built on it, will be displaced. Therefore, it will not suffer any destruction.

Due to the large area of ​​the base of the foundation, the specific load on the surface is minimized.

Reinforced concrete slab device technology

• Earthworks are being carried out.
• Formwork is installed.
• The bottom of the pit is rammed, then a pillow is laid, after which waterproofing is performed in two layers.
• Reinforcing meshes and frames are knitted on site.
• With the help of a concrete pump, a concrete solution is supplied, in small layers of 150 mm, and it is immediately compacted with the help of vibrators.
• After sufficient hydration of reinforced concrete, the formwork is removed, after which subsequent work is carried out.

Possible mistakes

During the construction process, it is important to avoid mistakes that can lead to the destruction of the structure. Sometimes they specifically change the dimensions of the structure, or the parameters of the section of elements, in order to save money. But this is fraught with consequences.

The main mistakes made by builders:

• foundation depth error;
• incorrect calculation of parameters;
• wrong choice of fittings or violations in the manufacture of reinforcing products;
• error when choosing a brand of solution;
• the wrong choice of base is the main mistake.

Many factors need to be taken into account. Initially, it is necessary to pay attention to the characteristics of the soil. If the soils are reliable, a more economical type of foundation can be used. If the soil is unstable, a more solid supporting structure will need to be erected. Unreliable soil leads to deformation of the base.

What can be the deformation:

• the shift occurs in the presence of loose soils, when one side sags;
• bending is the most common deformation. May occur in case of uneven shrinkage;
• roll can occur during the construction of a high-rise building;
• gerekos occurs if the house sags unevenly;
• horizontal displacement, most often found in basement walls.

In order to determine the supporting structure, you need to study their types and characteristics; establish the reliability of soils, as well as correctly perform all calculations. Having provided all the nuances, you can choose a base that will be reliable enough, while not overpaying.

The foundation is one of the main structures. He perceives the load from the entire building, then transfers it to the ground. Therefore, it is important to choose the right foundation for such a modern and popular type of construction as a house made of aerated concrete.