We make our own irrigation system for the garden, vegetable garden, suburban area

The fact that the plants need to be watered is understandable. Consider various options for irrigation systems.

Irrigation methods. There are three main methods of irrigation - sprinkling, drip irrigation and subsoil (not taking into account the manual watering of plants on the soil from a watering can). Watering plants in a flower garden or lawn occurs from above (sprinkling). The whole mechanism of operation of the well-known professional automatic irrigation system is based on this principle. For watering trees or individual bushes, containers and pendants, a micro-irrigation system and drip irrigation are used. Such irrigation systems are absolutely indispensable both in the garden and in the greenhouse. For irrigation of hedges and large garden capricious perennials, subsurface irrigation is suitable using special porous hoses or pipes.

conventional irrigation system consists of a pump, hoses and sprinklers, and one of the most common methods of watering is the so-called sprinkling. The principle of this method is as follows: the hose is connected to the sprayer, the water is turned on and, as soon as sufficient water pressure is provided, the sprayer (or otherwise the sprinkler) starts to spray water.

The simplest are sprinklers that continuously spray a water jet in one sector and at a certain angle. Rotary sprinklers have a more complex design, and more expensive. At the same time, water is distributed evenly over the irrigated area, watering is carried out in the form of a circle.

DIY irrigation system impossible without a pump. The pump provides the high water pressure needed to keep the sprinklers working properly. It is clear that the higher the pressure and performance of the pump, the stronger the water supply will be. Pumps are surface (installed next to the well) and submersible (required when groundwater occurs at great depths). If your pump does not pump well or breaks down, we considered ways of self-repair and setting up pumps earlier.

This method of watering is quite common and understandable, so we will not dwell on it too much. If you want to water with such a scheme, you only need to lay a line, and in the simplest case, just unwind the hose for the time of watering and connect the sprayers through the tees.

The ideal irrigation method is drip irrigation.

The essence of the drip irrigation system is that the water coming through the drip irrigation system is supplied directly to the roots of plants. And this, of course, is the advantage of drip irrigation over all other types of irrigation. Water is supplied to the root zone of plants, it is instantly absorbed, and the plant uses it 100%. So water is given directly to the roots of plants. This is its main advantage. In addition, drip irrigation can be carried out even in the sun itself, without fear of water getting on the leaves of the plant, which often leads to sunburn.

Drip irrigation is convenient, economical and efficient system automatic watering of a summer cottage, greenhouse or vegetable garden. You can buy ready-made, but very simple build a drip irrigation system on their own, saving at the same time, a certain amount, which is always nice. To creation drip irrigation systems in the summer cottage, it is best to start even before the start of spring field work. Late winter is the time. But, in principle, you can do it at any time.

Drip irrigation is ideal for do-it-yourself greenhouse watering and many other applications.
When creating your own system drip irrigation purchases are indispensable. It is impossible to make water filters, water supply taps, main pipeline pipes, drip hose, separate drippers and start connectors on your own. But you can use any available tools, an old hose, a faucet, etc. Creation do-it-yourself drip irrigation systems start with planning.

• Draw a plan of the site, indicate on it the beds and individual plants that need drip irrigation.
• Think over and indicate on the plan the placement of pipelines, drip hoses and individual droppers, stop valves. If the site is located on a terrain with a pronounced slope, then place the main pipes horizontally, drip hoses - under the slope.
• Mark all pipe connections, this will be needed when counting splitters and connectors, taps and plugs. Tees are used for connections; start-connectors installed directly in the pipe will help to do without them.
• Decide on the type of equipment required and the brand, this affects the cost of the entire drip irrigation system.
• Choose plastic pipes for the main water supply. They are less expensive, lighter and do not rust. Through them, fertilizers dissolved in water can be applied without restrictions to the place of irrigation.
• Think over the water supply of the drip irrigation system. In the absence of running water, the most economical solution is to install a refillable water tank at a height of 1.5-2 meters. Cover water in an open container from direct sunlight.
• Pipes and hoses may be laid directly on the ground, hung on supports or buried in the ground. Laying on the ground is the easiest and most economical way. However, in this case, as in the case of suspension, buy opaque pipes and hoses, which will prevent water blooms. For buried pipelines, use thick-walled products.
• Be sure to use fine water filters in the drip irrigation system, which will reduce the chance of clogging drippers and drip hoses.
• To achieve full automation of the drip irrigation system, use electric controllers powered by self-contained batteries.
• Installation of purchased equipment begin after the formation of the beds.
• Be sure to flush the entire system before the first watering. To do this, remove the end caps and let the water flow until clean water flows from everywhere.
• When operating a drip irrigation system, do not forget to periodically clean the filters.

For those who have the opportunity to come to the dacha only for the weekend, and during the working week in hot weather, it is difficult for plants without watering, and sometimes they may simply not wait for you.

Proposed irrigation device diagram- simple and affordable, does not require large expenditures.

I used 5 liter plastic jerry cans for storage and funnel (the top needs to be cut off at an appropriate angle). Now we assemble our device: set the storage capacity at an angle and attach it to a wooden plank with a counterweight (P) at the opposite end with adhesive tape. The drive can be rotated on the axis (O) from stop A to stop B, fixed on the base. A funnel is also fixed on the base, to the hole of which a pipe for watering is attached.

In the figure: 1 - a barrel with a valve for water, 2 - an accumulator, 3 - a funnel, 4 - a base, 5 - a filling pipe, A, B - stops, 0-axis, P - counterweight

Water from the barrel enters the storage tank and, filling it, shifts the center of gravity of the storage tank until the weight of the water exceeds the weight of the counterweight. After that, the drive overturns, water enters the pipe through the funnel and pours through the holes onto the beds. Having emptied, the drive under the action of a counterweight returns to its place to be filled with the next portion of water. You can regulate the volume of incoming water with a valve on the barrel.

It is not always possible to immediately coordinate the work of the counterweight and the water tank. Try changing the counterweight weight, axle position, and drive angle. It is important that, as a result of adjustment, the counterweight could overcome the weight of the empty storage tank, and the weight of the storage tank filled with water could overcome the weight of the counterweight.

The second method is more automated, but just as easy to implement.

As an automation, you can make it yourself or buy a simple simple circuit that will turn on the pump at a certain time every day. However, now it was necessary to make sure that water fell on all the plants. To do this, I took a piece of some old hose and pierced several holes in it with a hot awl, it's just easier, because the hose is rubber. I made holes approximately every thirty, maybe a little more, centimeters. And the holes were through. First I pierced the hole from right to left, then from top to bottom. This will help the water flow evenly out of the hose, even if it gets clogged somewhere. Then I connected this leaky hose to the pump. Then, so that it still does not clog, I simply put a few boards at a distance of about a meter from each other, and I already laid a hose on top of them. And I stretched the hose through the entire garden.

Now every day at nineteen o'clock sharp my do-it-yourself irrigation system turns on and starts watering the garden. Knowing the power of your pump, you can determine the required time, which will be enough for high-quality watering. The goal has been achieved - you can come to the dacha once a week, or less often - the plants will not suffer.

Automatic watering (auto-watering)

Automatic irrigation systems- These are irrigation systems for household plots and landscape gardening plots that can automatically provide optimal and regular watering of your green spaces. Thanks to a wide range of accessories and materials for the device automatic and semi-automatic irrigation systems, high-quality irrigation of both small (3-4 acres) plots and large areas is achieved: park areas, stadiums, golf courses. The system is controlled by a device - a controller, a mini-computer that takes into account many factors to select the optimal irrigation mode. Programming the operation of the entire irrigation system allows taking into account not only the shape of the irrigated area, but also the individual daily dynamics of the moisture needs of different groups of plants. As a rule, automatic irrigation systems provide the ability to connect very useful sensors: soil and air moisture sensors, a rain sensor, and even mini-weather stations. This equipment allows you to reduce water consumption by 20-50% compared to simpler irrigation systems. All of the above advantages, of course, require appropriate investments. If you have free money - then this is your choice.

Watering rates

Proper watering any plants can take away from you a huge part of the time that will be spent on landscaping the site, for this reason, take such an important event with great seriousness. For each type of plant there are certain watering norms, and if they are fully observed, then you can achieve the best results in the improvement of your green area.

It is necessary to remember a few plant irrigation rules: it is better to water less often (about 2 times a day), but plentifully. It is believed that ten liters of water that the irrigation system pours into one square meter, can completely moisten the soil layer to a depth of about 10 cm. Insignificant frequent watering during a period of great drought does much more harm than any good: water does not reach the main volume of the entire root system at all, a hard crust appears on the surface, it increases evaporation of water and interferes with the full respiration of the soil. In addition, all superficial roots also develop well in plants, they will suffer during the next drought. You also need to know that the bulk of the roots are in the soil layer at a depth of about 20-25 cm, and in order to completely wet it, the irrigation system needs to pour about 25 liters of water per 1 m2. Automatic lawn watering is slightly different, any lawn grass needs to be watered a little less - the entire root system of the lawn falls to a depth of about 15 cm, but during a period of intense heat, refreshing watering can be carried out. All irrigation rates are completely dependent on the very mechanical composition of the soil - light soils are often watered and not very plentiful.

Irrigation water temperature. The water temperature, which will be below 10-12 degrees, causes shock in plants and weakens them, for this reason, watering the lawn and plants directly from a well or well is undesirable. It will be optimal if, when watering the plants, the water temperature is approximately equal to or slightly higher than the soil temperature. To do this, use storage tanks, the volume of which is from 200 to 5000 liters, everything will depend on the irrigation area. There, all the water warms up and settles to the ambient temperature. In order to create the necessary pressure in the automatic irrigation system, they are placed a little higher than the surface by about 2-3 meters or more. The difference in all levels somewhere in one meter completely creates about 0.1 bar of pressure. A huge number of sprayers of the automatic irrigation system can operate at a minimum pressure of 2-3 bar, for this reason, special additional pumps are often simply installed in these tanks.

If your area has automatic watering, then there is no need to worry that the water for garden irrigation, which enters the irrigation system directly from deep artesian wells, will be very cold for irrigation. The resulting pressure in the irrigation system is 2.5 - 3.5 atm. ejects water dust from sprinklers with great speed, for this reason the water of plants reaches already heated, comparable to the usual temperature of any rainwater. The main thing that will need to be paid attention to when watering plants is the exclusion of a sharp, destructive, mainly contrast between the temperature of the upper layer of the territory and the temperature of the water.

The amount of water available to plants depends on many factors. Including the type and depth of the soil, the depth of the root system, the rate of water loss during evaporation, the temperature and the rate of moisture entering the soil.

The rate of water extraction from the soil is a function of root concentration. The deeper the root system, the lower the speed. More than 40% of water is extracted from the upper root layer.

The water entering the soil moves at the rate at which the field capacity is created. The movement of water in the soil from the bottom up is carried out by capillary forces. The loss of water to evaporation affects only the upper layers of the soil. During a period of prolonged drought, it is easy to recognize plants with a shallow root system.

Correct watering time especially important for the development of vegetable crops and obtaining the maximum yield. In addition, it is necessary to observe the rules of watering. For example, for water to penetrate to the root system, it is not enough just to moisten the soil surface. According to the observations of experts, a 3-cm layer of water penetrates the soil to a depth of 25 cm. To soak a plot of 0.5 hectares to such a depth, 130,000 liters of water should be spent. During a prolonged drought, frequent minor waterings do not benefit the plants, since the water does not reach the main volume of the root system, and a hard crust appears on the ground. At the same time, superficial lateral roots are formed in plants, which also suffer during prolonged dry weather.

Sandy soils dry out much faster than clay soils and require more frequent watering. To find out how things are with the soil moisture in the area, you need to dig a hole 20-30 cm deep with a scoop. If the soil at this depth is slightly wet or dry, watering should be done immediately.

Most of all, moisture is required for vegetable crops during intensive growth, that is, from late spring to mid-summer, when the development of plants is determined precisely by the availability of water. In late summer, excess moisture can harm some crops. For example, melons and watermelons are not watered during the ripening period. Tomatoes can also crack from excessive moisture before they turn red. But still, most plants require watering at the rate of 10-15 l / m2 per week. Irrigation rates for ornamental crops are close to those for vegetables.

The main amount of water is absorbed by plants in spring and summer. Particular attention should be paid to watering when planting trees and shrubs, so that the soil tightly fits their roots. Plants in open ground in summer they are subject to natural drying under the influence of sunlight, although they receive enough moisture from winter precipitation. Interestingly, a layer of rainwater of 1 mm gives 10 m3 per 1 ha, that is, 10 tons. A snow cover 40 cm thick - 1000 tons of water per 1 ha, or 100 liters per 1 m2. It is necessary to ensure that the soil near walls, fences and under trees fully receives moisture, as there are certain difficulties in watering in these places. Plants in pots and tubs are prone to drying out quickly and need regular watering in summer.

And further. Sometimes garden ants interfere not only with you, but also with your plants. Therefore, you need to know how to deal with ants in the garden or in the garden, and then nothing will interfere with your harvest.

With the advent of hot summer days, the most pressing problem for every owner of a summer house or country house is the organization of irrigation on the site. For a long time, summer residents had to provide their plants with the necessary watering using a conventional hose connected to a faucet. However, firstly, this method is very time-consuming and resource-consuming, and, secondly, not every owner of a summer cottage has the opportunity to stay on it all the time. But fortunately, technological progress does not stand still, and today there are many irrigation systems on the site that perform this energy-intensive work almost independently.

Organization of irrigation on the site

What should be the plumbing for irrigation

Watering garden plot impossible without organization. The most common way to organize irrigation in the country is to lay plastic pipes connected to each other using special fittings or rations.

For those who are in the country only in the summer, it is better to carry out a lightweight plumbing system, which, if necessary, can be dismantled or preserved. Most often, such a system is made of flexible hoses and installed on the surface of the site.

Automatic lawn watering

The automatic lawn irrigation system is a network of zonal and main pipelines connected by fittings. Very often, watering timers are mounted in this system, so that the owner of the summer cottage does not have to worry about the timely care of his plants.

Lawn irrigation systems

Adjustment of watering cycles, which includes the intensity of water supply, its duration and frequency, occurs using the built-in microprocessor. Thanks to this, it becomes possible not only to save water, but also to set the necessary irrigation cycle depending on weather conditions and the needs of certain plants.

Automatic irrigation systems are completely safe and easy to use. Watering heads or sprinklers for watering the lawn are mounted in the soil and rise to the surface only directly in the process of watering itself. The choice of watering heads depends on the size of the garden. For example, rotary heads are recommended for irrigating large areas with hard to reach corners. If the area is relatively small in size, it is better to choose a fan head for watering. The pipes of the system are mounted to a depth of at least 30-40 cm, so that the presence of the structure cannot spoil appearance even the most ideal site.

Also, the owners of the automatic system can adjust the irrigation diameter, which contributes to the reliable care of all parts of the garden. Perhaps the only drawback of such a device is its rather high cost.

To activate automatic watering, the owner needs to set a program with dates, start times, intensity and duration of irrigation. It is necessary to install the program taking into account the needs of plants and the type of soil. Since the system works on the basis of a built-in weather station, in case of strong winds or heavy rains, it automatically blocks its program and starts it only under favorable weather conditions.

In winter, it is recommended to disconnect the equipment for watering the site from the power supply, dismantle it and transfer it to a closed room. Also, for the systematic operation of the system, from time to time it is necessary to drain the remaining water from its storage tank.

Lawn Sprinkler

Automatic Lawn Watering System

Irrigation systems for summer cottages

drip irrigation system

Despite all the ideality of automatic irrigation of the site, the drip irrigation system is still recognized as the most reliable and cost-effective.

The main feature of the drip irrigation system for summer cottages is that with its help water is supplied directly to the roots of plants. Thanks to this, irrigation can be carried out even during the most aggressive sun, without fear that drops of water that have fallen on the leaves will lead to burns.

Drip irrigation systems for summer cottages

The drip irrigation system consists of a dripper, a supply hose, a switch and a master block. Sometimes droppers are equipped with adjustable levers, which makes it possible to choose the intensity of the water supply.

In some varieties of drip irrigation systems, instead of drippers, drip tapes are installed that are attached to a hose. Their peculiarity from the previous type is that the water supply tapes are attached along the hoses at a distance of about 15-30 cm, which is very convenient for caring for large suburban areas.

To prevent damage to the drip irrigation system, it is necessary to remove all plugs from it at least once a year and flush the system with water. In winter, hoses and drippers can be left on the surface, but the master block should be stored indoors.

In addition to the obvious benefits, spot water supply, which is only possible with a drip irrigation system, slows down the growth of weeds. This happens because the earth, spot-soaked with water, always remains loose and fresh. In addition, this kind of irrigation increases the yield several times, reduces the susceptibility of plants to various diseases and saves the water used.

However, when choosing a way to organize irrigation on a site, it is important to consider that the more complex the system in technical terms, the more responsibly you need to approach the process of its installation. In order to avoid mistakes during the installation of various irrigation systems, it is best to contact specialists, whose work includes not only installation, but also design and subsequent maintenance of structures.

• Types of artificial irrigation: advantages and disadvantages
• Sprinkler features
• Features of drip irrigation
• Features of intrasoil irrigation
• How to make an irrigation system yourself: instructions

Irrigation is one of the main factors in the development of plants. Cultivated crops are particularly demanding on the observance of the water regime during seed germination and sowing, growing seedlings, during the formation and growth of the crop. Therefore, you need to know how to properly water in the country in an artificial way, because natural watering (dew, rain, snow) makes us completely dependent on nature. But nature under the order does not indulge in precipitation. Consider how to make an irrigation system.

Types of artificial irrigation: advantages and disadvantages

To do watering in the country, you first need to determine what type of irrigation you will use. Artificial irrigation systems are engineering and technical complexes that can be divided into automatic and mechanical. Mechanical watering is carried out using buckets, watering cans, sprinklers, and so on. This type of irrigation of a suburban area spends a lot of time and effort.

The automatic irrigation system consists in laying a stationary piping system. The following subtypes are distinguished:

• subsoil irrigation;
• sprinkling;
• drip irrigation.

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Sprinkler features

To carry out irrigation in the country by sprinkling, it is necessary to purchase a sprinkler (a special device that sprays water to the required heights in different directions). A system has been created to simulate rain, since water flows evenly onto the soil surface.

Advantages:

• ease of achieving automation of the irrigation process;
• increase in air humidity;
• dust from the leaves is washed off, due to which the normal metabolism is restored in plants .;
• water does not move on the surface of the soil, respectively, does not wash out the fertile layers.

Flaws:

• high cost of the system;
• maintaining high pressure in the pipeline.

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Features of drip irrigation

Irrigation by the method of drip irrigation consists in the metered supply of water directly to the root area of ​​the plants.

Advantages:

• supply uniform to all plants of water;
• the system is less sensitive to pressure drops in the pipeline than the sprinkling system;
• adjustable amount and frequency of water supply (which makes it possible to satisfy the needs of various plants).

Flaws:

• flushing is required from time to time due to intermittent clogging.

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Features of intrasoil irrigation

In subsoil irrigation, humidifiers (porous tubes) are used, laid in the soil. Water with the help of humidifiers is supplied directly to the roots of plants.

Porous tubes can be replaced with ordinary ones by drilling holes in them with a small diameter.

Advantages:

• regulation and maintenance of water, air, thermal and food regimes;
• the soil after watering does not need to be cultivated due to the fact that the top layer remains dry;
• lowest evaporation loss.

Flaws:

• high price;
• rather complex system of operation;
• not applicable on sandy soils.

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How to make an irrigation system yourself: instructions

It is more profitable to make drip irrigation at their summer cottage, as it is economical, convenient and efficient.

You can order a drip irrigation system from specialists, but it’s cheaper to do it yourself. Start building a system with planning.

1. Draw a plan of the suburban area indicating the plants and beds that need watering. When designing the system, care must be taken that watering is carried out throughout the territory. If this factor is not taken into account, then the missed area will need to be manually watered.
2. Decide on the water supply of the drip irrigation system. The owners of large plots or if there is no running water in the country, you need to think about installing an autonomous well. Such a solution can be much cheaper than taking water from a centralized water supply.
3. Place on the drawing and think over the arrangement of pipelines, drip hoses, valves. If the site is located with a pronounced slope, then the drip hoses must be placed under the slope, and the main pipes - in a horizontal manner.
4. Mark on the plan all the places where the pipes connect and the location of the water intake. This will be needed to determine the number of splitters and connectors, plugs and taps. Start connectors are directly installed in the pipe. With them, you can not use tees, which are usually used for connections.
5. Make a list of the required equipment and materials, decide on the choice of brand and proceed with the purchase. For the main water supply, it is better to use plastic pipes, since it is possible to transfer fertilizers dissolved in water and top dressing to plants through them. They are also light, have a relatively low price, do not rust. Buy thick-walled products for buried pipelines. When laying hoses and pipes directly on the ground, use opaque materials to avoid water blooms. Do not save on equipment for, as it is installed in the country on long years. Choose only quality materials.
6. We choose control for full automation of the system. It is better to use an electric controller, it is powered by autonomous batteries.
7. Before starting the installation of the purchased equipment, it is necessary to form the beds.
8. Be sure to flush the system before you start the first watering. To do this, open the water and remove the end caps. Rinsing should be done until the water is clear.
9. The use of fine water filters will reduce clogging of droppers and drip hoses. When using the system, the filters must be cleaned periodically.

Having studied in detail the proposed tips and instructions, get down to business yourself. And on personal experience make sure that making a garden irrigation system is not as difficult as it might seem at first glance.

Caring for the area near the house - a garden, a greenhouse, a garden, a lawn, flower beds - takes a lot of time and effort, and watering brings a lot of trouble. If it is automated, it will take less effort and time, and the result will be better: less water will be spent, the yield and appearance of plants will become better. It's all about the regularity and uniformity of watering. Such systems are developed by specialized companies, but automatic watering can be done by hand.

Types of automatic watering systems

Plantings planted in any way can be watered in automatic mode: on open ground, in a greenhouse, even on a balcony or on a windowsill. Just the scale and methods will be different. Water can be supplied in several ways:

In spite of different ways water supply, the automated irrigation system itself is built in the same way according to the same principles. They differ in working pressure: drip water supply can work even in gravity systems with low pressure - from 0.2 atm, for sprinklers-sprinklers, the pressure should be greater. Accordingly, the components of the irrigation system and its connections must be designed for different working pressures. There are no other differences: the layout is the same.

Construction principles

The schematic diagram of automatic irrigation is briefly as follows. There is a source of water, from which the main pipeline is bred along the site to the irrigation zones. Further, with the help of tees, crosses, pipes of small diameter and water supply devices, an irrigation system is created. For the normal operation of the water outlet units, filters are required; they are placed on the main water supply. That's all. Everything else is particular. Even a pump or control system can be, or you can do without them

Do-it-yourself automatic watering system is a real task

How is it managed

Irrigation can be controlled by a controller (automation unit) or a person by turning the tap. If a controller is installed, the system is almost completely automated: it turns the water supply on and off at a given time. There are devices with a very high degree of automation - they monitor the weather, soil moisture and, in accordance with these data, adjust the operation of the equipment. In the simplest version, automatic irrigation supplies water at a given time, after a certain period of time (set in the settings) it turns off.

If there is no irrigation controller, a person needs to open the water supply and stop it. But this is all that is required of you, the irrigation system will do the rest.

Water consumption and irrigation intensity

Since the flow of water through distribution points is basically normalized, it is possible to determine with sufficient accuracy how long irrigation should last so that there is not much water, and not little. If all watered plants require the same amount of water, no difficulties arise, but this is not always the case. This is the case with the lawn, sometimes there are extensive plantings of the same plantings in the garden or in the garden. But more often there is a situation when some plants are more moisture-loving, others less. There are several ways to solve this problem:

That's why automatic watering with your own hands can be done: you have a lot of opportunities to achieve the desired result.

Where to get water

The source of water for an automatic irrigation system can be a water pipe, a container with pumped water, a well, a well, a river, a lake. In all cases, filters are installed on the main pipeline. It's just that different sources require different equipment. If water is pumped from an open source (river, lake), be sure to put a coarse filter first, then a fine one. In all others (except drinking water supply), only equipment for fine cleaning is installed.

If we are talking about automatic watering of a garden or a greenhouse, then it is definitely better to first pump water into a container where it heats up, and then distribute it over the site. For summer cottages and home gardens whole line systems that operate almost by gravity. They need a minimum pressure, which is created by lifting the container to a height of about 1-2 meters. There are systems that can work if the container is raised 10-40 cm above the ground (this is).

With such an organization - with a water tank - you can choose any pump for an automatic irrigation system. If only he could periodically pump water into the tank. The water level in the tank is most often controlled by a float mechanism (like the one in the toilet tank). In this case, do not forget to provide for an emergency overflow and take it to some source, otherwise your site may turn into a swamp.

If water supply is used as a source - centralized or not, and drip irrigation is selected, a reducer is needed that lowers and stabilizes the pressure in the system, since most of this equipment can operate at a pressure not higher than 2 atm.

Automatic irrigation schemes

There are many options and variations of schemes. They are very mobile and allow you to take into account all the features of plots and plantings. Consider the case when water is supplied from a source with the help immediately for watering plants. Such an option for automatic watering is shown in the photo below.

Water can be supplied to plants in drops or using sprinklers. There is a fertilizer station. It will come in handy in the automatic watering system of the garden, greenhouse or garden, although it will not be superfluous for the lawn and garden either. The number of irrigation lines is determined depending on the need, then the pressure is calculated. Droppers or sprinklers are selected according to the amount of water needed for plants.

A diagram of an automatic irrigation system using sprinklers is shown in the photo below. These devices have several names: sprinklers and sprinklers, which is why watering is called "sprinkler".

The sprinkler irrigation system is suitable for watering the lawn or plantings of low height - up to 10-15 cm

The main difference between lawn irrigation systems is that pipelines are often laid underground. So that the sprinklers do not interfere with mowing the lawn, they must also hide in the ground. There are also such models.

The scheme of automatic watering of the garden, greenhouse and garden is shown in the figure below. Water is first pumped into the tank. From there it can be supplied by gravity if the water supply is drip (it is drawn). To provide the required pressure for the sprinklers, a pump or pumping station will need to be installed.

If a garden, orchard or greenhouse needs to provide moisture, everything can be arranged as in the figure below. It differs from the fact that it is at the top by the presence of a pumping station that supplies water to the filters, after which the pipeline already diverges to the beds.

The procedure for developing a do-it-yourself irrigation system

First, take a site plan to scale. If it is not ready, draw on graph paper or a large piece of paper in a cage. Apply all buildings, beds, large plants.

Configuration Development

On the plan, draw irrigation zones, a water source, its location. Along the way, draw the main pipeline. If you are going to spray with sprinklers, draw the areas of their action. They should overlap and there should be no unwatered areas.

If plantings are planted in rows, it is more rational to use: water consumption is much less, as is the cost of equipment. When designing a drip irrigation scheme, the number of irrigation lines depends on the row spacing. For rows between which the distance is more than 40 cm, one line is required for each. If the rows are closer than 40 cm, I water in the row spacing and the lines are one less.

After all the sections are drawn, determine the length of the required pipelines, consider how many and what water distribution points you have, determine the equipment - the number of pipes, hoses, tees, droppers, sprinklers, whether or not you need a pump and reducer, will whether a container is installed or not, what kind of automation should be installed and where. Now, after all this has already been thought out, up to the diameters of pipes, fittings and adapters, the practical stage begins. The irrigation system drawn on paper begins to be embodied on your site.

We start building

The construction work is already underway. And the first thing you need is to decide how you will lay the pipes. There are two ways: lay the pipeline on top or bury it in a trench. On the ground, they are usually laid in the country: here the watering is seasonal and in the fall it is taken apart. Very rarely, irrigation systems in dachas are left for the winter: even if the equipment survives the winter, it can simply be broken or stolen.

When creating an automatic irrigation system for a section of a house of permanent residence, they try to make everything as inconspicuous as possible, because the pipes are buried. In this case, trenches are dug at least 30 cm deep. This depth is sufficient so that the pipes are not damaged during earthworks. Just remember that pipes, fittings and other equipment that is left to winter must be able to withstand freezing.

One of the stages of creating automatic irrigation with your own hands is land work and laying main hoses

Branches for irrigation depart from the main water pipes. It is desirable to make all knots and connections in hatches with covers: in joints, tees, etc. leaks are the most common. Digging an entire trench to find a leak is not the most fun thing to do, and if all the “problem spots” are known in advance and relatively accessible, maintenance becomes an easy task.

The last stage - depending on the chosen irrigation method, water distribution devices are installed in the hoses, everything is connected and tested.

Accessories

The layout of the pipeline in the area is made of polymer pipes. They are resistant to corrosion, do not react to most fertilizers, reliable, easy to mount (there are mounting methods without any special devices). Most often, HDPE (low pressure polyethylene) pipes are used. To all the advantages described earlier, UV resistance is added: they can be laid on the surface. Also suitable are PVD (high pressure polyethylene), PVC (polyvinyl chloride, but it is afraid of ultraviolet radiation) and PPR (polypropylene, its disadvantage is that it must be connected by welding and cannot be disassembled).

For automatic irrigation systems for cottages, greenhouses and vegetable gardens, they mainly take a pipe 32 mm in diameter. If you are going to water a large number of beds, it is better to take a size one step larger - up to 40 mm.

HDPE pipes are assembled using compression fittings (with gaskets on the threads). They withstand the pressure in the water pipes of high-rise buildings, so that the pressure for irrigation will withstand exactly. Their plus: at the end of the season, they can be unwound, dismantled, and used again next year.

If drip irrigation is selected, drip hoses or tapes can be connected to the main, droppers can be mounted on ordinary hoses (a hole is made and a small device is inserted there). For sprinkler irrigation, sprinklers are installed. They have a different structure and cover zones of different shapes and sizes - round, sector, rectangular.

The types and types of components for automatic irrigation are well described in a video from one of the market leaders in irrigation systems of the German company Gardena (Gardena). Their equipment is high quality, but the prices are very high.

To make caring for plants more enjoyable and less time consuming, you can design an automatic watering of the garden. Not everyone has the opportunity to come to the site daily and water their plantings, and plants need regular watering to form a good harvest. An automatic irrigation system will reduce physical exercise, set the optimal watering mode, which will turn on and off on its own, as well as water in a short period of time large area dachas. Thanks to this system, you can water not only vegetables in the beds, but also potatoes.

Irrigation methods are classified into sprinkling, drip irrigation, subsoil and do-it-yourself watering from a watering can.

1. Sprinkling is the most convenient and popular way of watering. It is used not only in industrial agriculture in the fields, but also in vegetable gardens and dachas. Lawns and potato plantings are watered in this way. The sprinkler method is at the heart of many automatic irrigation systems.
2. Drip irrigation systems have proven themselves well in planting vegetables - carrots, beets, cabbage, and so on. Such watering allows you to continuously supply each plant with moisture.
3. Drip irrigation is used not only in the garden, but also in the greenhouse. Subsoil irrigation systems are designed for watering hedges and flower beds with capricious flowering plants.

DIY watering systems

Irrigation systems by their design can be of varying complexity. It all depends on the materials and skills of the owner. Almost every farmer can make such a system with his own hands, at least the simplest one.

Sprinkler

This is one of the most simple ways water the plants in the garden. In order to assemble a do-it-yourself sprinkler system, you need a pump, hoses and sprinklers. All parts are connected, and the hose must be fixed so that it does not move under the pressure of water. After turning on the water under pressure, it flows through the hoses to the sprayers and waters the area.

For the installation to work properly, it is necessary to ensure good water pressure. This requires a pump. You can choose different types of pumps - surface or submersible. The system is very easy to operate and very convenient. Sprinkling can be used to water any garden plants, from carrots to cabbage and potatoes.

Drip irrigation system

This type of irrigation is more complex and expensive, but also more economical and efficient. The water dripping through the hoses is delivered directly to the roots of the plants, which makes it possible not to water empty areas of the soil. In addition, this method of irrigation virtually eliminates the possibility of waterlogging the soil, since water flows slowly - drop by drop. This water is used only by plants, weeds do not get it, in addition, crops use this moisture completely.

The drip system can be purchased ready-made, or you can do it yourself.

Drip irrigation would be just as effective, but much less expensive. To make drip irrigation with your own hands, you need to purchase drip hoses, water filters, faucets and pipes. But some details can be replaced with improvised means.

First of all, you need to plan the system according to the size of your site.

1. To do this, they draw a diagram of the garden, place beds for drip irrigation on the drawing, then draw the location of pipelines and drip hoses.
2. Mark the connection points to calculate required amount plugs, taps and connectors.
3. For water supply, you can use a large container, such as a 200 liter barrel. It is installed on a pedestal with a height of at least 1.5 meters.
4. After the beds are made, you can unwind the drip hoses.
5. To avoid clogging, it is necessary to install fine filters.
6. In order for watering to be fully automated, you can install electrical sensors.

Such an installation will save the harvest of summer residents if they can only visit the site on a weekend.

Automatic watering can

Such an installation is easy to assemble with your own hands. This do-it-yourself installation will allow you not to water the plants from a watering can, but to deliver water to them more automatically.

1. Such a system consists of a barrel with a valve for water, from which water enters the accumulator through and fills it.
2. After that, the center of gravity of the storage tank is shifted and when its weight is greater than the weight of the counterweight, it overturns.
3. Water enters through the funnel into the pipe, and then through the holes to the beds.

The main difficulty in setting up such a system is the coordination of the drive and the counterweight. Here you need to select the weight of the counterweight.

The simplest drip irrigation

This is the simplest system that can be easily and quickly assembled with your own hands from improvised parts.

To make it fully automatic, you can purchase a sensor by which the system will turn itself on at a certain time.

1. The drip system consists of a pump and a hose connected to it. By means of tees, the number of hoses can be increased.
2. Holes must be made in the hose at an equal distance, after about 30 cm. It is easier to do this with a hot awl.
3. To prevent the hose from becoming clogged, you can lay it not on the ground, but on planks, bricks and other supports.
4. The hose is connected to the pump, and the sensor will turn on the water at the same time.
5. Depending on how much power the pump costs, you can calculate the required duration of the system.

Among the listed methods, you can choose the most suitable and simple, and make a garden irrigation system with your own hands. Then the plants will regularly receive the necessary moisture. In addition, when installing drip systems, it is possible to supply not only water to the plants, but also a solution with fertilizers. Then it will be possible to get a very high and high-quality crop of vegetables.