Types of paints for interior finishing works. The main categories of paints. Characteristics of rubber coatings

Now there are many interesting options for decorating your home, but despite such a variety, coloring still occupies a leading position. The question of which interior paint is better worries millions of our fellow citizens. It is impossible to answer it unambiguously, but we analyzed the main types of compositions and, on this basis, our experts expressed their opinion.

Main categories of paints

All paint and varnish products are conditionally divided into compositions intended for indoor use and for outdoor use. Let's see if we can paint facade paint indoors.

Purely theoretically possible, but we do not recommend doing this for several reasons:

From a practical point of view, a composition that can withstand all the surprises of the weather for 20 - 30 years and at the same time not change its basic qualities will stay indoors for 50 years. But think about it, would you want to look at a monotonous interior for most of your life?
Further, if you still decide to remove such a coating, then it will be quite problematic to do this, since the compositions were originally developed taking into account a strong adhesion to the base.
Another important factor is the level of hypoallergenicity of the coating. These requirements for outdoor coatings are not as important and therefore less taken into account in the design.
And finally, the price. Facade paints at their cost can be higher than interior ones at times. Taking into account the fact that at present there is a huge selection of compositions intended for indoor use, it is impractical and quite expensive to use facade paints for these purposes.

They are also divided into 2 common types:

In the first, water is used as the basis;
The second is based on organic solvents.

according to the degree of abrasion;
wet or dry cleaning options;
on glossy;
matte;
semi-matte.

In addition, according to the level of tactile sensations, they are smooth, velvety and silky.

As mentioned earlier, the hypoallergenicity of the coating plays an important role. More compositions are divided depending on the type of base, concrete, plaster, brick, wood or metal.

Water Based Compounds

Initially, you need to clearly understand for yourself for which room or surface you are choosing paint. It will be a kitchen or service, a living room, a nursery or utility rooms. Depending on this, preference is given to water-based or water-dispersion formulations.

Water-based paints

These compositions have been known for a long time. They are powder formulations that are diluted with water.. Their price is the most democratic, they have no smell, the instructions for applying with your own hands are extremely simple. Can be applied with a roller or spray gun, and even a nozzle for a vacuum cleaner is suitable.
The water emulsion dries very quickly, is completely fireproof and absolutely environmentally neutral. But there are also serious disadvantages, such a coating is afraid of moisture, it is enough to wet it a couple of times and it will start to fall off by itself. Therefore, they are suitable only for dry rooms, and it is better to use for painting ceilings. The color scheme is limited to light pastel colors.

Water-dispersion compositions

Unlike water emulsion, they are not afraid of moisture and after drying, they easily withstand both dry and wet cleaning. They cannot be washed off with water, for this you need a special solvent.

Acrylic paints for interior walls have a wide color scheme . They are based on acrylic polymers, after drying they form a strong plastic film on the surface. Acrylic refers to breathable coatings, that is, along with the fact that it can be washed, it has a vapor-permeable effect, the walls breathe. But in rooms with high humidity, they are not used and are more suitable for living rooms, children's rooms or bedrooms.
Latex and, as an option, acrylate formulations have a much wider range of possibilities.. They fit well on almost any substrate and dry in about 1 hour, and with a multi-layer coating, the next layer can be applied after 20 minutes.
These compositions have no side odors, are absolutely harmless to health and environmentally neutral.. They can be used both for covering wallpaper for painting, and for ennobling textured plaster.
The color palette here is the most extensive. The vast majority of these paints can be used in wet areas. They protect the base well from water, but at the same time they are completely vapor-permeable. Do not fade with prolonged exposure to sunlight.
are the product of new technologies, they are based on synthetic resins and polymers dissolved in water. Another advantage follows from this, until the paint has hardened, it can be easily washed off with warm water. Depending on the type and purpose of the composition, the surface can be glossy or matte, you can also choose a paint according to textural indicators, smooth or velvet.

Important: you can use rollers, a spray gun or brushes for this, but it should be noted that the brushes must be with artificial bristles, natural bristles can react with the polymer and quickly become unusable.

The video in this article shows a room coloring option.

Paints based on organic solvents

Painting inside the house with such compositions is currently less common, since they contain organic solvents such as white spirit, turpentine and others. As a result, during painting and drying, a pungent unpleasant odor settles in the house, which can be heard for several days, plus, all these solvents are toxic and harmful to the human body.

Currently, alkyd and nitro enamels are leading in this market, they are based on varnish, due to which they dry quickly enough and form a strong, glossy coating on the surface.
Most often, enamels are used for painting metal and wooden surfaces in wet areas. They are still in great demand for painting floors, doors and wooden window frames. This is due to the excellent insulating properties of the coating and good resistance to mechanical damage.
Alkyd enamels have a wide range of colors, relatively high durability and abrasion resistance. Enamels have good hiding power, they can perfectly mask stains on the ceiling, leaks and various kinds of pollution. Plus, they have good UV resistance.
It is impossible not to mention oil paints. In the past, they were the most popular, but not so much because of their exceptional qualities, but because of the lack of choice. The biggest advantage of this composition is its price.

This paint is based on drying oil. Drying oil can be on a natural or synthetic basis, depending on this, the properties of the composition change. Such a coating dries for a long time, plus it will retain an attractive appearance for no more than 3 years, after this time, the surface will lose its gloss and begin to gradually crack.

Tip: painting interior walls with oil paint can only be done in utility rooms And then, in order to save money.

Conclusion

Based on the above, we can summarize. In living rooms and, especially in a nursery, the most optimal solution would be to use modern water-dispersion and water-based paints for interior walls.

Don't skimp on your own health. Paint for interiors based on organic solvents, let it remain for summer cottages or non-living rooms. The video in this article provides the opinion of a paint selection specialist.

Emulsion paints are which dissolve when water is added. AT this type paints coloring particles and elements are distributed in the aquatic environment. These paints are environmentally friendly and fireproof. Resistant to water after complete drying. This type of paint can be applied to almost any surface. Surface priming is necessary when applied to metal surfaces to reduce the formation of corrosion. When painting the surface, it is necessary to remove the previous layer of glossy paint or varnish if the surface painting is to be applied with emulsion paint. This paint has no unpleasant odor and is resistant to alkali.

Types of emulsion paints

There are six types of emulsion paints :

Water-based and water-dispersion paint
acrylic paint
Polyvinyl acetate paint
latex paint
silicone paint

Water-based and water-dispersion paints

Water-based and water-dispersion paints similar in composition to each other, but there are some differences. These paints are suitable for rooms with high humidity, do not exfoliate well after application and surface drying, and are also permeable to air and steam.

The differences include matte water-based paints, which are less resistant to moisture and are washed off over time, while water-dispersion paints, on the contrary, are moisture resistant. Also, the differences include a large selection of colors among water-based paints, and water-dispersion paints are presented only in white.

Acrylic paints

Acrylic paints are resistant to mechanical stress, have a vapor-tight and water-repellent ability. They retain their original color for a long time. The composition of these paints includes acrylic resin, which gives this paint high elasticity and great strength. This type of paint is expensive.

Polyvinyl acetate paints

Polyvinyl acetate paints are the cheapest in terms of cost among other types of paints. This type of paint is characterized by poor resistance to washing and subsequent loss of color. Paint suitable for internal works and is environmentally friendly.

latex paints

latex paints have a wide range of applications, including:

structural wallpaper for painting
painting plaster walls and ceilings
painting plasterboard walls and ceilings

Technological time for drying is up to 60 minutes, depending on the external temperature. This type of paint is the most expensive. The composition of this paint includes the chemical component latex, which gives this paint a high resistance to washing without losing the original color.

silicone paints

silicone paints are applied to all types of mineral surfaces. This paint can be used for painting plaster surfaces two days after applying the plaster, in contrast to acrylic paints. The composition of this paint includes a chemical element emulsified silicone resin. After technological drying of the paint, a water-repellent surface is formed, which perfectly passes air and water vapor. This type of paint is also characterized by high cost.

Alkyd paints

Alkyd paints used for painting metal structures, various wooden structures, as well as various plastered surfaces. The composition includes the chemical element alkyd resin. This type of paint can be divided into two types: oil and enamel paints.

Oil paints

Part oil paints includes the main element of drying oil. The ability to dilute this paint can be done with turpentine, white spirit, gasoline. Technological drying is longer up to 48 hours, while the release of harmful substances occurs. It is more used for painting external surfaces.

Enamel paints

Part enamel paints the main element is varnish. This type of paint can be used for various types surfaces, both internal and external. It is characterized by fast drying, water resistance, light fastness.

Adhesive paints

Part adhesive paints includes organic polymers water based. These paints are produced in dry form, and then diluted with water to the desired consistency. It is characterized by low resistance to moisture and impact carbon dioxide. Use only in dry rooms is possible. The color range is very large.

silicate paints

silicate paints used for painting plastered surfaces. The composition of this paint includes liquid glass and has a mineral alkaline environment. It is characterized by good air permeability and resistance to temperature extremes, but low water resistance. Has a limited range of colors.

Paint on plaster for interior work is a very important component of the future interior. From her right choice depends not only on the design, but also on the quality of the wall, ceiling or floor covering. Today there is a wide variety of compositions, but it is quite difficult to navigate them.

As a rule, it is interior paints that are considered very durable due to the resin contained in their composition. After drying, a film is formed that will protect the pigment. Consider the highest quality and suitable types of materials for this purpose.

Epoxy and polyurethane paints

Polyurethane and epoxy paints are excellent solutions for plastered surfaces. They do not require special preparation of the walls for painting. They are usually produced in double packs. To improve properties, both should be mixed before use. The proportions are always indicated on the packaging, and they must be very strictly observed.

These paints are of very high quality. They perfectly protect the surface, the plaster of the walls is even more fixed. The coating will be so durable that paints are even used to paint concrete floors. But it is necessary to work with such composition carefully. This is due to the fact that fumes are harmful to humans. Therefore, during work, it is necessary to protect the skin and respiratory organs.

They dry quite quickly - about 3-4 hours. But finally they seize with a plastered surface only after a week. Only then it will be possible to additionally decorate the wall with a pattern (if desired).

Another disadvantage of polyurethane and epoxy paints is the cost. As a rule, this is a very expensive material. The more unique the color and texture, the more expensive it will cost. But at the same time, the surface will withstand any impact on the surface, even aggressive chemical ones.

Emulsion paints

Wall plaster goes well with emulsion paint.

This is the simplest and at the same time one of the best paints for interior work. The composition of the paint includes polyvinyls and acrylics, and the solvent is water. Due to this, the pigment penetrates well into the pores of the plaster and is securely fixed there.

Emulsion paint dries quickly - just a few hours, depending on the specific type. And for a person, it does not bear any particular harm. It can even be washed off the skin easily if you use soap and warm water.

Experts advise, before applying the composition to the plastered surface, treat it with a detergent. This is necessary to neutralize the alkali, so that in the future the paint is held sufficiently firmly and reliably.

It should also be remembered that when using glossy emulsion paint, such durability will not be achieved as when using matte. But at the same time, the matte type is more resistant to abrasion. If you need to frequently wash the surface, then this factor is of particular importance.

Quality textured emulsion paint is used for interior decoration. As a rule, then the surface can be additionally decorated. It is very convenient to paint on wet plaster with water-based paints - it always looks very beautiful and unusual.

The texture of such emulsion paint for plaster can be different. Finely textured finish looks beautiful on the wall, but tends to crumble over time. Therefore, it is recommended to apply it to the plaster in places where frequent contact with something is not expected.

Water-based paint of a rough texture is more durable, does not crumble so much. But it will always attract dust and dirt. But in order to partially avoid this, it will be possible, after drying, to cover the surface with an additional conventional water-based emulsion.

It is important to understand that textured emulsion paint has a very high plastering cost. Especially it concerns relief walls for painting. Therefore, it is necessary to stock up on it in advance.

Non-drip ceiling paint

It is very convenient and profitable to cover the plastered ceiling with a special non-dripping paint. In composition, it is very similar to alkyd and emulsion species. But only the so-called jelly is added to the non-dripping paint, which makes the solution optimally thick.

Due to this, painting the plastered ceiling becomes easy and pleasant even by hand. The composition will not drip, evenly soaking into the plaster and spreading over the surface. Such paint must not be shaken or stirred vigorously before use. So, the texture can deteriorate, as a result, applying it correctly to the ceiling will not work.

You should be careful and while working with such paint on plaster reliably, protect all other nearby surfaces. The thing is that when it starts to dry out, it becomes very thick. It's almost impossible to wipe it off.

Special attention should be paid to paints that are categorically not recommended for use on a plastered surface inside the house. You can not use compositions of alkyd and oil types, as they will not hold, and the characteristic hairiness will appear on sections of the wall, which looks very ugly after drying.

They can become an exclusive highlight of the room. They are very pleasant to look at. They are easy to care for. And their repair consists in a slight tinting of areas that have lost their color and lost their former gloss.

What is the paint?

All currently produced paint can be divided into two groups:

paint made on the basis of organic solvents (solvent-soluble);
paint diluted with water (water-soluble);

Solvent-based paints include the following types of paints:

oil;
alkyd;
enamel.

The basis of all these coatings is chemical organics like gasoline and kerosene (White spirit). Organic paints owe their sharp, unpleasant odor to these substances.

On a note: the composition of most modern solvent-based coatings includes low-toxic white spirit, but it also has a specific smell.

Water-soluble compounds do not have an unpleasant odor - their main component (solvent) is water.

What paint is suitable for interior decoration?

For painting ceilings and walls inside buildings, harmless and harmless water-soluble paint compositions are used. These coatings are distinguished by practicality and high decorative properties - they are called “interior” for a reason.

So, water-based (“water emulsion”) is:

huge range of colors;
high resistance to abrasion;
resistance to moisture;
hygiene and environmental friendliness.

Interior "water emulsion" is tinted in any shade, easy to apply, dries quickly and lasts a long time - best paint for interior decoration have not yet been invented.

The binder in such coatings can be polyvinyl acetate (PVA), acrylic and butadione (latex). More about ... Accordingly, paint is distinguished:

acrylic;
latex.

The first, PVA, is significantly inferior in durability to the second and third, acrylic and latex. Therefore, when repairing residential premises, “acrylic” and “latex” are most often used: “acrylic” for smooth surfaces, “latex” for embossed ones.

What paint to paint the walls, and what to use for finishing the ceiling?

Almost all water-soluble wall paint has the inscription "For walls" on the can. Accordingly, on the bank with there is an inscription "For the ceiling." This division is not accidental: despite belonging to the same paint group, wall and ceiling paints have their own specific features.

So, wall paint: