Regulatory norms and building rules must be taken into account by each owner of a land plot planning the construction of an individual residential building. The current SNiPs are designed to make the operation of all buildings as safe and comfortable as possible.
On the arrangement of territories for low-rise construction
The main standards applicable to the sites allocated for low-rise buildings are contained in SNiP 30-102-99. In addition to the residential cottage itself, ground outbuildings can be erected on such a site, underground communications are laid, and perennial plantings are planted. The location of such facilities is regulated by sanitary and fire regulations.
Site planning is carried out, focusing on:
- sizes of objects;
- distances between objects: large plants, plot boundary, red line.
In addition, take into account mutual arrangement objects in a given area, as well as the distance from analogues located in adjacent territories.
Mandatory sanitary standards
The residential building must be separated from other buildings on the site (minimum):
- from the bath / shower - 5-8 m;
- outbuildings (sheds for "living creatures") - by 15 m;
- filter well - 8-10 m;
- stand-alone latrines, garbage collection points - 15 m.
In turn, a distance of 20 m (or more) should separate the drinking well and the waste bin / yard toilet or livestock sheds (up to 50 sq. m.).
In construction, the term "red line" is used. This is a conditional line separating the building area from public places (drives, roads, highways, etc.). The norms provide for a distance between an individual house and the main street - 6 m, the approach of the building to a residential passage - 3 m. In turn, it is customary to place tall trees 4 m from the red line, while shrubs planted in a 5-meter zone from the edge the carriageway must be no higher than half a meter. In addition, it is impossible that the large plants bordering the cottage interfere with the normal illumination of the interior living quarters or the passage of fire transport.
The elements listed below must be at this minimum distance from the boundary of the adjacent property:
- residential building - 3 m;
- facilities for keeping poultry and livestock - 4 m;
- other buildings - 1 m;
- shrub - 1 m;
- medium-sized trees (measurements by trunks) - 2 m, tall trees - 3 m.
Mandatory fire safety standards
To successfully resist fires, the classification of the base material from which this or that structure is made is used:
A. non-flammable materials (concrete, stone, etc.);
B. the same basis, but using wooden floors or shelters made of slow-burning / non-combustible materials;
AT. frame structures from wood, combustible / slow-burning / non-combustible materials.
At the same time, the distances between structures in built-up areas should be as follows:
Structures class A-A- no closer than 6 m, A-B - 8 m; A-B - 10 m;
Buildings B-B - from 8 m, B-V - 10 m;
Buildings B-B - at least 15 m.
Thus, if a new developer plans to build a stone house, but at the same time his neighbors already live in a wooden cottage, a distance of 10 m between the objects in question should be observed. When arranging the site, you must strictly follow both sanitary and fire safety mandatory standards.
About sanctions for violation of mandatory norms
Planning a plot intended for the construction of an individual house is a creative and multifaceted process. However, in the heat of transformation, one should not forget about compliance with the above requirements, since sooner or later punishment will follow for violation of the norms that are mandatory for the construction industry. A negligent developer can be called to account as a construction supervisor government agency, and the person whose rights are violated (for example, a neighbor in the area). A “guilty” landowner can be fined, as provided for by the Code of Administrative Offenses (with the amount of penalties depending on the severity of the offense).
In addition, the structure may be recognized as built without permission, and such objects are considered to be demolished. It must be said that such dismantling is carried out either by the forces of the violator of the norms, or at his expense with the involvement of third-party specialists.
Important: it is impossible to formalize the ownership of such a structure if its preservation leads to a violation of legal rights or a threat to the health / life of other citizens.
Discuss on the forum (comments 4).
Kroshka-i writes:
The question of the location of the garage is not clear - is it possible, for example, to put it 1m from the fence bordering the street, or it is categorically impossible. I regularly see garages that are close to the fence, and sometimes flush with it.
You can, especially for you, a full quote:
"6.6 A residential building or a residential building must be at least 5 m away from the red line of streets, at least 3 m from the red line of driveways. At the same time, fire prevention distances indicated by in table 2. The distances from outbuildings to the red lines of streets and driveways must be at least 5 m. In agreement with the board of the gardening, dacha association, a carport or garage can be placed on the site, directly adjacent to the fence from the side of the street or driveway. "
If it's summertime, then this fully applies to you;)
The arrangement of a summer cottage is a complex task, the solution of which takes a lot of time, effort and resources. It also requires knowledge of a large number of building and urban planning standards. Often this work is entrusted to specialists, but people who are used to doing everything themselves can manage on their own. It is only necessary to follow the legal rules and the sequence of work, which will protect against the need to redo something.
Buildings on the site. Norms and rules for the placement of buildings
outbuildings on suburban area should be placed in accordance with current building regulations, which must be known in advance. There are quite a few of them, and failure to comply with at least one can lead to the fact that this or that building will not be legalized, which most often means demolition or restructuring.
Among the main regulations regarding the placement buildings on land plot the following can be distinguished:
Fences along the boundaries of the site should be lattice or mesh at a height of one and a half meters, which excludes the shading of the territory of neighbors from any side (fence height up to 2 meters is possible from the side of the roadway). The installation of a blind fence is allowed only by decision of the meeting of members of the dacha association;
Any fire distances between different buildings within the same site are allowed, they may not be at all - this issue is completely at the discretion of the owner;
As for residential buildings, the house should not be closer than five meters from the street boundary and no closer than three meters from the road boundary;
Household buildings on the site from the street and the entrance should be located no closer than five meters.
There are also strict rules regarding the placement of buildings within the site. For example, the distance from the house to the latrine or building, which contains small livestock and poultry, should not be less than twelve meters. The minimum distance from the house to the bath or shower is eight meters, from the well to the restroom there must also be at least eight meters.
These standards apply to all sizes of plots, and if you have only six acres, but you want to build them up, you will have to rack your brains to comply with the standards. Although their non-compliance can come back to haunt only if you want to register all buildings officially.
Buildings on the site. Distance and borders from neighboring plot
There are the following norms and rules for the placement of buildings on the site:
Clauses and provisions of SNiP regarding summer cottages and buildings on them;
State sanitary and household standards;
Acts and orders of local authorities and owners.
According to state regulations governing the location of buildings in neighboring areas, the minimum distances to the borders of neighbors should be:
From a residential building - three meters;
From buildings for keeping livestock and poultry - four meters;
From all other buildings - one meter.
Concerning plantings on the site, then their placement relative to the borders of neighbors is also regulated:
From the trunks of all tall trees, the distance to the border should be at least four meters;
From medium-sized trunks - two meters;
From the bush - one meter.
Wherein distance between buildings on the site and boundaries with neighboring sites must not only be maintained in accordance with legal requirements, but also coincide with the land plan of the site - this is an important requirement when trying to legalize development.
What else do you need to know to get along with your neighbors? - For buildings located one meter from the border, the roof slope must be oriented inside the site. All distances are measured from the wall or plinth of the building. If the building has elements protruding more than half a meter, measurements are taken from them or from their projection onto the surface of the earth. Important: in no case should there be a runoff of rainwater to a neighboring plot.
Not all requirements and norms are given here, but only those that are in force throughout the country and that are most often paid attention to. When building your own site, you must definitely inquire about the features of the standards in a particular area.
The distances and location of outbuildings relative to each other are regulated by SNiP 30-02-97 to ensure fire safety. It describes the norms and rules for location and planning in the development of the private sector and horticultural associations. The first thing you need to pay attention to when creating a project is the required distance between the houses.
Much attention is paid to this item in the licensing authorities, as it guarantees fire safety. The fact is that when ignited, the fire quickly spreads from one building to another. When building a residential facility, it must be borne in mind that the distance is calculated not from the fence, but from the neighboring house.
The distance depends on the degree of fire resistance of the materials used:
if non-combustible materials (brick, concrete) are used in the construction of a residential facility, then the distance is 6 m;
if combustible materials for floors are used during construction ( metal carcass with wooden rafters), then a distance of 8 m is required;
if the cottages are built of wood, then the distance should be 15m.
The exception is the two-row layout. It is also permissible to build two objects side by side if the system "1 house for 2 owners" is used. The distance between buildings is always measured strictly in a straight line, bends and corners are not taken into account.
Distance from house to barn
SNiP does not regulate fire distances for the location of buildings on the site. However, it contains sanitary norms and rules for the arrangement of economic facilities. They are more advisory in nature, so minor errors are allowed. However, when selling a land plot in the private sector, problems may arise if these standards are not met.
Distances are counted from outer wall home in a straight line. It is necessary to locate all outbuildings in the sector, taking into account the following recommendations:
outdoor toilet at a distance of 12-15m from the house;
to the bath - 8m, the same applies to showers;
to sheds with cattle and poultry - 12-15m;
to the compost pit - at least 8m;
the minimum distance of household objects from the house is 4m;
it is allowed to arrange a garage inside a residential facility.
The location of buildings relative to each other is also regulated. So, the compost pit and the well should be at a distance of 20m from each other. This is due to the fact that there is a high risk of toxins and other harmful substances getting deep into the soil, from where they can be transferred to drinking water. You can not put a well next to the fence.
Also, for hygiene reasons, it is recommended to keep a well and a toilet at a considerable distance so that drains do not get into the water. At the same time, the location of the artesian well is not regulated, but it is better to adhere to the above rules, especially if the water is shallow.
Fire safety requirements for the arrangement of baths are very strict. The distance from the neighbor's house to the bath must be at least 8m.
Since 2015, SNiP also applies to the location of the garage. The minimum distance from the fence is 1m, and from the neighbor's plot - 6m. The garage should be located at a distance from the residential building, unless it is equipped on the ground floor. In this case, additional ventilation will be required.
Distance to the fence
SNiP pays great attention to the distance between buildings and fences. This is also more of a hygienic consideration than a fire safety requirement, as building too close to a neighboring property can cause increased shading. This is not always acceptable. So, in SNiP the following norms are indicated:
the minimum distance between the house and the neighboring plot is 3m. If the distance is reduced, a document confirming the consent of the parties must be drawn up;
a barn for animals, poultry, livestock should be located at a distance of 4m from the fence;
sanitary facilities (baths, showers, toilets) at a distance of 2.5 - 3.5 m;
when installing the greenhouse, the recommended distance is 4m, this will avoid both shading and Wastewater with fertilizers to a neighboring plot;
for a garage and a shed with inventory, the minimum distance is 1m;
the optimal distance for the construction of any buildings is 3m from the fence. This will allow not to obscure the neighboring area, as well as to avoid conflicts due to the possible penetration of sewage over the fence.
When building a bath, it is better to equip it with an additional drain; for this, it is necessary to equip a sewer or gutter.
Special attention is paid to the placement of trees and shrubs along the fence. Green spaces can create unnecessary shade in the neighboring area. However, the neighbor's claims can only matter if the tree is not planted in accordance with SNiP. The distance from the tree to the fence is measured from the center of the trunk. How should green spaces be placed on the land:
bushes at a distance of 1m from the fence;
medium-sized trees - 2m;
tall - 4m.
When planting seedlings, it is necessary to consider how they will grow in a few years.
Requirements for individual housing construction
SNiPs regulate not only the location of buildings on sites, relative to each other, but also the size of the buildings themselves. The normative documents detail the minimum dimensions of residential premises:
the common room (often called the living room) must have an area of 12 sq.m;
each bedroom - from 8 sq.m;
the minimum size of kitchens - from 6 sq.m.;
bathroom - from 1.8 sq.m;
entrance hall - also 1.8 sq.m;
toilet about 1 sq.m;
ceiling height - from 2.5 m.
Building norms relative to the red line
The red line is a conditional border, a line passing between the site and the roadway, separating them from each other. Often it is on it that a fence is installed. So, the red line separates the building area from the adjacent area.
During construction, the location of the red line must be taken into account. Buildings are placed with this trait in mind. So, one of the requirements of SNiP is the placement of a residential building at a distance of 5 m from the red line. Buildings should not protrude beyond it, and some should be at a considerable distance.
If this requirement is violated, the court may order the demolition of the building protruding beyond the red line. Also, neglect can result in a fine.
When starting construction, remember that on the land allocated for individual housing construction, you can only build private houses and outbuildings (greenhouses, garages, baths, sheds), and not commercial buildings. At the same time, it is necessary to comply with the fire and sanitary rules adopted in SNiPs, as well as take into account the characteristics of the sector being developed.
When building your dream home, we adhere to the norms and rules of regulatory documentation and follow the letter of the law, so that you feel comfortable in your own home.
Your own suburban area is a place that you can equip to your liking. Meanwhile, it is impossible to arrange buildings on the site arbitrarily. Their placement is regulated by SNiPs and other regulations. Where can I build a garage on the site and what are the standards for building a garage from a fence and other buildings?
Do I need a building permit
To build a garage on a plot of individual housing construction, a permit is not needed. This is stated in the urban planning code, which states that permission is not required in the following cases:
- to build a garage on land provided to an individual not for the purpose of conducting commercial activities or on a plot intended for horticultural activities (for example, land owned by a dacha cooperative);
- construction of auxiliary facilities on the site.
Another thing is that a capital garage built on a plot of individual housing construction or private household plots must be registered, since such a building is also taxed, like a house. First, they receive a certificate of ownership of the land on which the building is located, and then legalize the garage itself. To do this, you need to collect the necessary documents and contact the Rosreestr.
If you have an unregistered building on your property, you may have problems selling the property. A garage built in violation of the norms, which will be discussed later, may be recognized as an unauthorized construction, and may be demolished by a court decision.
Also, permission is not needed for the construction of any non-permanent (temporary) structure, that is, a building without a foundation. Such a building does not apply to real estate, as it can be moved at any time.
How can I place a garage on the IZHS site
In practice, in many cases, building codes and regulations turn a blind eye. However, placing a garage in violation of them can lead to dissatisfaction with neighbors and litigation. If you turn out to be wrong as a result, then the building erected by your labor will have to be demolished. In order not to waste time, effort and money, before building a garage and any other building on the IZHS site, you need to familiarize yourself with the SNiPs.
What matters is how far the garage is from other objects. It also depends on what materials the buildings are made of.
All measurements are taken from the protruding plinth of the building, and if it is not there, then from the wall. If the roof protrudes more than 50 cm, then measure the distance from its projection to the ground.
The following placement standards are prescribed in SNiP 2.07.01-89. According to the norms of IZHS, the garage belongs to outbuildings, therefore, the restrictions associated with them apply to it.
To be safe, add another half meter to these distances.
If nothing has been built on the neighboring plot, you are lucky and you can build anywhere in compliance with other standards (distance from the fence, from buildings on your site, from red lines). Construction on the neighboring site, if it starts later, will be carried out taking into account your buildings.
Important! It is the distance to the buildings on the neighboring site that can cause conflict and litigation. Even one corner that is closer than it should be matters. The rules for the location of buildings relative to each other on your site are advisory in nature.
Red lines and placement relative to them
Red lines mark existing or planned boundaries of common areas and separate public from private areas. The red lines include the boundaries of the territories on which various communications are laid (electricity, water supply, sewerage), the boundaries of sections on which roads and railways pass.
The red lines are reflected in the master plan of the settlement, the development project of the territory. The norms for the location of objects relative to the red lines are set so that communications, roads, and so on always have free access.
Any private structure on your site must be at least 5 m from the red line. It can pass both along the border of the site, and be at some distance from it. If the distance to the red line is less than it should be, the building may be demolished by court order. It is possible to arrange the garage in a different way, for example, so that it itself or a shed adjoins the fence from the side of the roadway, by coordinating this issue with the board.
Fire safety
In addition to the norms for placement relative to other objects, it is necessary to comply with fire safety requirements. If you comply with all fire safety standards, you can reduce the distance to neighboring wooden buildings. These are the following rules.
- There should be a fire shield and a fire extinguisher near the garage.
- It has no heating.
- Wiring is made in accordance with PTEEP (Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations).
- Electrical wiring is laid in a metal sleeve.
- Wiring goes through the meter installed in the house.
- Bulbs have factory shades.
- There are automatic fuses.
Thus, if your garage is heated, then building it closer than indicated in the norms will not work. However, there are other ways to bypass SNiP without risk. To do this, you need to agree with the neighbors.
Is it possible to bypass SNiP
Under certain conditions, it is possible to build a garage in violation of these standards. This requires a written agreement with the neighbors, which should be notarized. Such a document is valid for three years, after this period it must be renewed. At the same time, the garage must be built in compliance with all fire safety standards mentioned above.
You can also build a garage close to the neighbor's. You can put a garage in such a way that one of its walls replaces part of the fence. In the latter case, a conflict with neighbors may arise if your building obscures their landings. Therefore, before starting construction in this way, it is necessary to agree with the neighbors and conclude a written contract.
Important! A written contract is concluded with specific people. If the neighbors sell the land, a conflict may arise with the new owners.
However, the statute of limitations statement of claim is 3 years, and if there are no problems during this time, then the construction can be considered legal.
Accommodation in the basement
The garage can be built not only as a separate building or extension to the house, but also in the basement of the house itself. According to SNiPs, the basement floor is buried in the ground by no more than half the design height of the room, and the upper part of the floor is located above the ground by no more than 2 m.
As for the device in the basement of the garage, SNiPs recommend sealing its ceilings and walls so that exhaust gases and odors do not penetrate into the living quarters. For this, various insulating compounds are used. It is also necessary to make a separate duct ventilation. On the ground floor you need Special attention give waterproofing. Walls and ceilings must be made of non-combustible materials.
Accommodation in a residential building
If the garage is located in the house itself on the ground floor, the rules here are the same as when installing it in the basement: duct ventilation and the construction of walls and ceilings made of fire-resistant materials. If the windows of other rooms are located above the entrance to the garage, a canopy with a width of 0.6 m must be provided above it.
Accommodation close to home
If the garage is adjacent to residential building, then the distance from the garage and from the house to the border of the site is measured separately. At the same time, there must be at least 3 m from the house to the border of the site, and at least 1 m from the garage. Also, the garage can be attached to an outbuilding.
As for parking for a car on or near the site, there are no rules for its placement. It is important that a parked car does not obstruct the passage along the street and does not block the entrances and exits of neighboring sections.
The norms of SNiP are in the nature of recommendations, but experts advise adhering to them strictly. If your garage is built in violation of regulations, and neighbors can prove that this infringes on their rights in some way, creates a threat to life and health (for example, violates fire safety standards, blocks the passage that a fire truck or ambulance may need) , then by decision of the court, the building will have to be moved to another place, and in the case of a permanent structure, this is not so easy to do.
Conclusion
Thus, the place where it is possible to build a garage on the site is quite clearly regulated by the standards. You can also place it in violation of SNiPs, but only on the condition that the neighbors will not have any claims against you. This agreement must be recorded in writing.
