Responsibilities legal entities and individual entrepreneurs to comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation
According to Art. 11 of the Federal Law "On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population" individual entrepreneurs and legal entities, in accordance with their activities, are obliged to:
- comply with the requirements of sanitary legislation, as well as resolutions, instructions and sanitary and epidemiological conclusions of officials exercising state sanitary and epidemiological supervision;
- to develop and carry out sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures;
- ensure the safety for human health of the work performed and the services provided, as well as products for industrial and technical purposes, food products and goods for personal and household needs during their production, transportation, storage, sale to the population;
- implement production control, including through laboratory research and testing, compliance with sanitary rules and sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures in the performance of work and the provision of services, as well as in the production, transportation, storage and sale of products;
- carry out work to justify the safety for humans of new types of products and technologies for their production, criteria for the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors and develop methods for monitoring environmental factors;
- timely inform the population, local governments, bodies exercising state sanitary and epidemiological supervision about emergencies, production shutdowns, violations technological processes, creating a threat to the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population;
- to have officially issued sanitary rules, methods and techniques for monitoring environmental factors;
- to carry out hygienic training of employees.
Obligations of the employer to ensure sanitary rules and regulations
In accordance with Article 2 of the Federal Law "On Sanitary and Epidemiological Services to the Population", the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population is ensured through: monitoring the implementation of sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures and the obligatory observance by citizens, individual entrepreneurs and legal entities of sanitary rules as an integral part of their activities.
State authorities and local governments, organizations of all forms of ownership, individual entrepreneurs, citizens ensure compliance with the requirements of the law Russian Federation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population through own funds.
In accordance with Art. 24 of the same law, when operating industrial, public premises, buildings, structures, equipment and transport, sanitary and anti-epidemic (preventive) measures must be taken and safe working conditions for a person, life and rest should be provided in accordance with sanitary rules and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation .
According to Art. 223 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the provision of sanitary and preventive services for employees of organizations in accordance with the requirements of labor protection is assigned to the employer. For these purposes, the organization, according to established standards, is equipped with:
- sanitary facilities;
- rooms for eating;
- premises for the provision of medical care;
- rooms for rest during working hours and psychological relief;
- sanitary posts are created with first aid kits, equipped with a set of medicines and preparations for first aid;
- Apparatuses (devices) are installed to provide employees of hot shops and areas with carbonated salt water.
Requirements for sanitary facilities
Sanitary service for workers is part of a set of labor protection measures. It should ensure the protection of the skin and mucous membranes of a person from the action of harmful production factors during the shift and stop their action after it ends. These basic requirements determine the set and composition of sanitary facilities and devices. Their layout, set and composition depend on belonging to the production process groups defined by SNiP 31-05-2003 " Public buildings and administrative buildings. In accordance with clause 8.1 of the said SNiP, when designing and constructing buildings, the measures established by these norms and rules must be provided to ensure the fulfillment of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the protection of human health and the natural environment.
In accordance with clause 5.1 of SNiP 31-05-2003, premises in administrative buildings, as a rule, comprise the following main functional groups:
a) management offices;
b) working premises of structural divisions of institutions and organizations;
c) meeting rooms and (or) conference rooms;
d) premises for information and technical purposes, including: technical libraries, design offices, archives, premises for information and computer technology, etc., depending on the design task;
e) entrance group of premises, including: vestibule, vestibule, cloakroom, pass office, security room;
f) premises for social services, including: premises of enterprises Catering, medical care, sanitary facilities, amenity premises for maintenance and operational personnel, sports and recreation facilities, etc.
Sanitary facilities include: dressing rooms; showers; washrooms; toilets; rest areas during working hours; rooms for washing, dry cleaning, drying, dedusting, neutralization of special clothing and footwear.
The capacity of sanitary facilities and devices depends on the number of employees.
The composition, equipment, including the number of plumbing fixtures and the area of the premises of functional groups D and E, are determined taking into account the standards established in SNiP 2.08.02-89 “Public buildings and structures”.
Sanitary facilities must be disinfected in accordance with established requirements.
In accordance with clause 2.5. SNiP 2.09.04-87 sanitary facilities for workers employed directly in production should be designed depending on the groups of production processes. The group of production processes is determined depending on the hazard class of pollutants, the degree of contamination and the volume (area) of contamination (for example, only hands, or bodies and overalls).
In accordance with the following paragraphs of SNiP 2.09.04-87:
clause 2.6. In dressing rooms, the number of compartments in wardrobes or hooks of hangers for home and special clothes should be taken equal to the payroll number of employees, street clothes - the number in two adjacent shifts;
clause 2.12. In cases where cleaning or disposal of overalls must be carried out after each shift, distributing overalls should be provided instead of dressing rooms;
clause 2.13. The number of showers, washbasins and special household appliances provided for by SNiP 2.09.04-87 should be taken according to the number of employees in a shift or part of this shift who simultaneously finish work;
clause 2.14*. Showers are equipped with open showers. Up to 20% of shower cabins are allowed to be closed. Shower cabins with a through passage are provided for in the production processes of groups 1c, 3b, as well as in cases established by departmental regulations;
clause 2.15*. Restrooms in multi-storey domestic, administrative and industrial buildings should be on each floor. If the number of employees on two adjacent floors is 30 people or less, latrines should be located on one of the floors with the largest number.
If the number of employees on three floors is less than 10 people, it is allowed to provide one restroom for three floors.
If among the working people there are disabled people with impaired functioning of the musculoskeletal system, latrines should be placed on each floor, regardless of the number of people working on the floors;
clause 2.16*. In latrines with more than four sanitary appliances, one cabin for the elderly and the disabled should be provided. If among the working disabled people with a violation of the musculoskeletal system, a cabin for the disabled should be provided regardless of the number of sanitary appliances in the latrines;
clause 2.17*. A common restroom for men and women is allowed to be provided if the number of employees per shift is not more than 15 people. At those enterprises where the possibility of using the work of the blind is envisaged, latrines for men and women should be separate;
clause 2.18*. The entrance to the restroom should be provided through a vestibule with a self-closing door.
In men's restrooms, in accordance with departmental standards, it is allowed to use wall-flush urinals instead of individual trough urinals.
If there are disabled people who use wheelchairs among the working people, one of the urinals in the latrines should be placed at a height of no more than 0.4 m from the floor;
clause 2.19*. The distance from workplaces in industrial buildings to latrines, smoking rooms, rooms for heating or cooling, half showers, drinking water supply devices should be taken no more than 75 m, for disabled people with impaired functioning of the musculoskeletal system and the blind - no more than 60 m, and from workers places on the site of the enterprise - no more than 150 m;
clause 2.20. For washing workwear manufacturing enterprises or groups of enterprises, laundries with dry cleaning departments should be provided. In justified cases, the use of city laundries is allowed, provided that special departments (technological lines) are installed in them for processing overalls.
The composition and area of the premises of laundries, dry cleaning, restoration of impregnation and disposal of overalls should be established in the technological part of the project, taking into account the sanitary requirements for its processing;
clause 2.21. For the neutralization of overalls contaminated with non-volatile substances, it is allowed to use a separate technological line in laundries;
clause 2.22. Walls and partitions of dressing rooms for overalls, showers, pre-showers, washrooms, latrines, rooms for drying, dedusting and neutralizing overalls must be made to a height of 2 m from materials that allow them to be washed hot water using detergents. The walls and partitions of these rooms above the mark of 2 m, as well as the ceilings, must have a waterproof coating;
clause 2.23. At laundries, rooms should be provided for the repair of overalls at the rate of 9 m per one workplace. The number of jobs should be taken at the rate of one shoe repair job and two clothes repair jobs per 1000 people on the payroll;
clause 2.24. In agreement with the local councils of trade unions, it is allowed to provide a centralized warehouse for overalls and personal protective equipment.
Drinking water requirements
Water for drinking purposes must comply with the requirements of sanitary rules and regulations 2.1.4.1074-01 "Drinking water". For workplaces remote from distribution points drinking water installed on the centralized water supply, vessels for water (individual flasks, or collective) should be provided. They must be cleaned and decontaminated daily by established methods.
Responsibility for violation of the requirements of sanitary legislation
According to Art. 6.3. of the Code of the Russian Federation "On Administrative Offenses" violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, expressed in violation of the current sanitary rules and hygiene standards, failure to comply with sanitary and hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine:
- for officials - from five hundred to one thousand rubles;
- for persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity - from one hundred to five hundred rubles or an administrative suspension of activities for a period of up to ninety days;
- for legal entities - from ten thousand to twenty thousand rubles or an administrative suspension of activities for a period of up to ninety days.
According to Art. 6.4. of the Code of the Russian Federation "On Administrative Offenses" violation of sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the operation of residential premises and public premises, buildings, structures and transport entails the imposition of an administrative fine:
- for citizens - in the amount of one hundred to five hundred rubles;
- for officials - from ten to twenty times the minimum wage;
- for persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities without forming a legal entity - from one thousand to two thousand rubles or an administrative suspension of activities for a period of up to ninety days;
- for legal entities - from ten thousand to twenty thousand rubles or an administrative suspension of activities for a period of up to ninety days.
Chapter 5
SITE SAFETY REQUIREMENTSPRODUCTION OF WELDING WORKS
5.1. SANITATION AND HOUSEHOLD PROVISION FOR WORKING
The composition and area of amenity premises and devices, public catering premises and premises of health centers must comply with SNiP 11-92-76.
Sanitary facilities include dressing rooms, washrooms, showers, toilets, rooms for drying, neutralizing and dedusting work clothes, rooms for personal hygiene of women, heating and resting for workers, laundries, etc. In addition, special smoking areas should be provided, equipped with fire-fighting equipment, as well as shelters from solar radiation and precipitation, water supply, nutrition and health centers have been organized.
To create normal living conditions with the number of workers in the largest shift of 15 people or more, the composition of sanitary facilities and devices should be as follows: dressing rooms, washrooms, showers, toilets, rooms for drying work clothes and shoes, rooms for personal hygiene of women, heating and recreation, shelters from solar radiation and precipitation, food points. At facilities with less than 15 people working in the largest shift, a dressing room with a washbasin, rooms for heating workers and eating, a toilet and a shower room are necessary.
Other types of amenity premises are equipped in agreement with the sanitary supervision authorities in accordance with the nature and conditions of work.
The composition of household premises and devices is provided depending on the group of production processes. Gas welders, gas cutters and electric welders are assigned to group 16.
Dressing rooms. In the production processes included in group 1b, it is allowed to store all types of clothing in a common dressing room.
Street clothes are stored on hangers, work and home clothes are stored in double closed wardrobes.
In amenity rooms of mobile and container types, designed to serve up to 15 people, all types of clothing can be stored in a common dressing room, but in separate closets or in different places.
Open and closed wardrobes, depending on the type of clothing storage, can be single or double. The depth, width and height of cabinets, cm, should be: single closed - 50, 25 and 165; single open - 26, 20 and 165, double closed - 50, 33 and 165.
Dressing rooms must be equipped with undressing benches 0.3 m wide and 0.6 m long per seat. The number of places for undressing should be at least 25% of the number of employees in the most numerous shift.
Washrooms. They are placed in rooms adjacent to dressing rooms, or at dressing rooms, in specially fenced off places.
Washrooms should be provided with hooks for towels, containers for liquid soap and shelves for bar soap, hooks for clothes and a mirror.
The number of faucets in washrooms is determined by the number of employees in the most numerous shift at the rate of one faucet for an average of 15 people.
The distance between washbasin taps should be at least 0.65m, between a row of washbasins and a wall or partition - at least 1.1m, and between two rows of washbasins - at least 1.6m.
Showers. The number of shower nets is determined on the basis of one net for an average of 5 people and based on the number of workers in the most numerous shift.
When the number of workers in one shift is not more than 10 people, a shower cabin is allowed, serving alternately men and women.
The width of the passage between the rows of shower cabins should be 1.5 m, and between the row of cabins and the wall or partition - 0.9 m.
In rooms of mobile and container types, it is allowed to place shower rooms and pre-shower rooms near the outer walls, if there is a ventilated air space at least 5 cm wide between the outer walls and the shower enclosure.
Toilets. In the presence of water supply and sewerage, it is necessary to equip sewered toilets. If there is no running water or sewerage on the site, workers are provided with mobile toilets equipped with flush water tanks and sealed containers for collecting sewage (designed for daily cleaning), or latrines with concrete cesspools (subjected to weekly cleaning).
Entrances to the toilets are arranged through vestibules (gateways). In vestibules at toilets, washbasins should be provided at the rate of one washbasin for four cabins, and with a smaller number of cabins, one washbasin per toilet.
Toilets are usually equipped with floor bowls. Toilets are allowed. In men's toilets, wall-mounted urinals with a flushing device should also be provided (the distance between the axes of the urinals is 0.7 m).
The number of floor bowls or toilet bowls and urinals in a toilet depends on the number of people using the toilet in the most numerous shift, at the rate of one floor bowl (or one toilet bowl) and one urinal per 15 women or 30 men.
If the toilet is used by less than 10 people working in the largest shift, then one toilet for men and women is allowed.
Floor bowls and toilets should be placed in separate cubicles with doors opening outward. Cabins are separated from each other by partitions 1.8 m high, not reaching 0.2 m to the floor. The dimensions in terms of a cabin or a toilet for one floor bowl or one toilet bowl should be 1.2x0.9m.
Rooms for drying work clothes and shoes. The area of these rooms is determined at the rate of 0.2 m 2 for each person using the dryer in the most numerous shift.
The premises must be equipped with clothes hangers, hooks for hats and devices for drying shoes and mittens.
Heating and ventilation installations in rooms for drying overalls should be designed to dry them for a time not exceeding the duration of the work shift.
Work clothes contaminated with fats, mineral oils and solvents must be dried at a temperature not exceeding 50°C to avoid spontaneous combustion.
Premises for personal hygiene of women. These premises are suitable for a total number of working women of at least 100 people.
As part of the premises for the personal hygiene of women should be:
. reception-dressing room with an area of at least 10m 2, equipped with a clothes hanger, a wardrobe for napkins, a first-aid kit, a couch and stools;
. treatment room with individual cabins (each with an area of at least 1.5 m 2) equipped with ascending showers at the rate of two showers with a total number of working women from 100 to 300 and one additional ascending shower for every 200 women if their number exceeds 300.
Warm water is supplied to the ascending soul, which has a temperature of at least 37 ° C.
With the number of working women from 15 to 100, it is necessary to provide a cabin with a hygienic shower at the women's toilet.
Premises for heating and rest. The area of the room for heating and rest is determined at the rate of 0.1 m 2 per worker in the most numerous shift, subject to the obligatory condition of providing each worker with a seat during heating. The area of such a room should be at least 8m 2.
The room for heating and rest is as close as possible to the workplace. It is equipped with a device for rapid warming (installation of contact, convection or radiant heating), calorific installations with local exhaust for quick (within 10 ... 15 minutes) drying of mittens and a boiler.
In rooms for heating workers, it is necessary to install clothes hangers, benches or stools, a sink for washing glasses and a cupboard for storing them.
If there is no dining room or is located at a distance of more than 500 m, then a room for eating is additionally equipped with a room for heating and rest. In this case, a sink for washing hands, a device for washing dishes and a cabinet for storing them are provided.
Shelter from solar radiation and precipitation. Shelters in the form of mobile or portable canopies, awnings or cabins are placed directly at workplaces (if working conditions permit) or at a distance of no more than 75 m from workplaces for all workers in open space.
Sheds and awnings are installed according to the height and inclination to the plane of the plot of land so that they shade the entire area intended for the construction of the shelter.
Canopies and awnings are made of materials that reflect the sun's rays and protect against the effects of meteorological precipitation.
Under the shelter, benches, stools or deck chairs are installed.
Seating should be provided to 75% of workers in the largest shift.
Food items. Hot meals should be provided at all production sites. With the number of employees in the most numerous shift of 250 people or more, canteens are necessary, and with the number of employees less than 250 people - buffets with the sale of hot dishes.
The number of seats in canteens and buffets is determined at the rate of one seat for 4 people from the largest group of workers who start their lunch break at the same time.
Water supplied for domestic needs must comply with GOST 2874-73. Drinking installations are placed at a distance of no more than 75 m from workplaces. In addition, they should be in dressing rooms, rooms for personal hygiene of women, food points, health centers, rest areas for workers and shelters from solar radiation and precipitation.
T a b l e 5.1
Consumption rates and temperature of consumed water
The average amount of drinking water per worker is determined at the rate of 1 ... 1.5 liters - in winter and 3 ... 3.5 liters - in summer. The water temperature should be 8 ... 20 "C. Water is distributed using fountains or from closed tanks with fountain nozzles. If raw water is not suitable for drinking, it must be boiled for 15 minutes in the Titan or Volcano apparatus.Water quality can be improved by using special reagents (chlorine, alumina sulphate, ferrous sulfate) added in certain quantities.
In the absence of a centralized water supply, the suitability of the source for domestic and drinking water supply is assessed on the basis of the conclusion of the local sanitary and epidemiological service.
Consumption rates for centralized water supply and the temperature of the consumed water are given in table. 5.1.
Determining the need for sanitary facilities. The need for sanitary facilities for workers at the construction site is determined on the basis of the Design Instructions household buildings and premises of construction and installation organizations, approved by the Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated June 30, 1995. No. 18-64.
When calculating the need for sanitary facilities, their area and throughput, the total number of employees, the number of employees in the most numerous shift and the number of women employed in the most numerous shift should be taken into account.
The total number of employees is equal to the ratio of the annual production volume to the planned average annual output of one worker.
Sanitary facilities at enterprises are designed to meet the everyday needs of people during work, eliminate some of the negative consequences of the labor process, and carry out preventive measures to eliminate functional changes in the body caused by the influence of industrial hazards.
Sanitary facilities are divided into general, which should be at any enterprise, and special, arranged taking into account the number of employees or the characteristics of the production processes.
General-purpose household premises include dressing rooms for storing street, home and work clothes, latrines, washbasins and showers. They are arranged separately for men and women and combined into blocks. Special household premises are showers, health centers, inhalation rooms, rooms for personal hygiene of women, smoking rooms, respiratory rooms, rooms for feeding babies, heating workers, rest, washing, dry cleaning, dust removal, neutralization and repair of work clothes and shoes, for food and photos.
Amenity premises are located in such a way that people using them do not pass through production premises with harmful emissions if they do not work in them. Usually, household premises are located in extensions to industrial buildings, less often - in separate buildings. Transitions between auxiliary and industrial buildings must be heated.
Amenity premises, as a rule, are located on above-ground floors and are built at a height of at least 3 m. In the premises of health centers, public catering and for feeding infants, direct natural lighting is provided. In other rooms, combined or artificial lighting is allowed. For wet cleaning, household premises are equipped with taps with hot and cold water.
Each of the household premises is also presented with special Additional requirements, including by area, finish, arrangement and number of sanitary and household devices (washbasins, toilets, shower nets, etc.).
Dressing rooms are designed to store street, home and work clothes in an open or closed way. In the first case, they are equipped with hangers or open cabinets, and in the second - with individual lockers. The dimensions of wardrobes must comply with SNiP. The number of places for storing clothes in dressing rooms is taken equal to the number of employees in the two most numerous adjacent shifts (when clothes are stored on hangers) or the payroll number of employees (when clothes are stored in closets). Wardrobes for storing home or work clothes are equipped with benches 0.3 m wide at the rate of 0.6 m in length per seat. The distance between the benches should be 1 m.
Showers are provided if the technological process is associated with contamination of the body. They are placed adjacent to the dressing rooms. At showers, they arrange pre-showers designed for wiping the body, and when storing home and work clothes in dressing rooms, they are also used for changing clothes. In addition, Building Codes and Rules determine the dimensions of cabins and walkways, requirements for sanitary and other equipment in the shower and pre-shower rooms (faucets for hot and cold water, shelves for bath accessories, bench sizes, number of hooks, etc.). The estimated number of people per shower net depends on the production process group and is in the range of 3...15. When designing water supply, take into account the estimated duration of the showers, which is 45 minutes for each shift.
Washrooms are placed adjacent to dressing rooms for work clothes. It is allowed to place washbasins in dressing rooms, provided that the distance from washbasins to cabinets is at least 2 m. In washbasins, hooks for towels and clothes, vessels for liquid or shelves for bar soap are provided. The number of cranes (7 ... 20) is determined by the estimated number of people per crane, depending on the group of the production process.
Restrooms in buildings are placed no further than 75 m from workplaces, and on the territory of the enterprise - no further than 150 m from workplaces. In multi-storey industrial buildings, latrines are arranged on each floor. Their placement through the floor is allowed if up to 30 people work on two adjacent floors, and after two - when working on three floors, no more than 10 people. Entrances to the latrines are arranged through vestibules (gateways) with self-closing doors. SNiP also establish the required dimensions of cabins, the width of the passages, the number of floor bowls or toilet bowls and urinals, depending on the number of people using the restroom.
Premises for personal hygiene of women suit if more than 15 women work in the most numerous shift. In such amenity premises, there are places for undressing, individual cabins for procedures, equipped with hygienic showers with individual mixers for cold and hot water, and if necessary, four or more cabins - a place for a couch.
Premises for feeding infants are provided at enterprises of classes IV and V according to the sanitary classification of production, if at least 100 women work in the most numerous shift.
The area of premises for recreation during working hours is taken at the rate of 0.2 m2 per employee, but not less than 18 m2. These household premises are equipped with washbasins with hot and cold water supply, drinking water supply devices and boilers.
Smoking rooms are provided in cases where, due to the conditions of production or fire safety, smoking in production premises or on the territory of the enterprise is prohibited, as well as when the volume of production premises per worker is less than 50 m3. Smoking rooms are equipped with exhaust ventilation and urns or water tanks for cigarette butts are installed in them.
Heating rooms are arranged for those working outdoors or in unheated rooms with air temperatures at workplaces below 10 "C. Such rooms are equipped with benches, tables, tanks for hot and chilled boiled water and washbasin.
Enterprises with 200 or more employees in the largest shift must have canteens. If there are less than 200 employees, then they arrange a buffet with the release of hot dishes. If less than 30 people work in the most numerous shift, then a dining room is provided. The number of seats in public catering premises is taken at the rate of one seat for 4 people in the most numerous shift.
Health centers should be at enterprises with a payroll of 300 people or more. Other special household premises are equipped in accordance with special requirements for their arrangement and taking into account the number of people using them. All sanitary facilities should be cleaned daily, regularly ventilated and disinfected at least once a week.
