Roads in the yards of apartment buildings: who should repair? Basic requirements for landscaping a residential area

Landscaping of the territory is an integral and important task of landscaping the yard, sections of the microdistrict. The placement of trees and shrubs, open lawn areas and flower beds should be interconnected with the location of the sites, their size and configuration, with various structures, as well as residential and public buildings. At the same time, plantings should perform the functions of protecting against dust, partly from noise, wind currents, and also serve as a means of isolating various planning elements of the territory. The landscaping of individual areas in the residential area of ​​​​a garden or yard has its own specific requirements.

Landscaping of house adjoining strips. Landscaping of house adjoining strips should be given Special attention, as they emphasize the entrance to the house, they are drawn to the daily attention of residents living on the ground floors. According to building codes and regulations, their width is, as a rule, up to 3.5 ... 8.0 m. Compact groups of shrubs and small stand-alone trees ( decorative types fruits, mountain ash, tree caragana, etc.). It is recommended to arrange flower beds or small modular plots (2x2, 4x4 m) for amateur floriculture. Shrubs are recommended to be grouped according to flowering time (forsythia, lilacs, honeysuckle, spireas, mock oranges, etc.). Places for planting climbing plants should be provided in the adjoining strips, which will give additional picturesqueness to the facades of buildings (five-leaf grapes, etc.). This is also a method of gradual transition from building to territory. Trees in stripes should be placed no closer than 5 m from the building, shrubs - no closer than 1.5 m. Otherwise, the plants will obscure the windows of buildings. Adjoining strips should be compositionally linked to the entire territory of the yard.

Landscaping of playgrounds. Playgrounds should be isolated from driveways by a strip of plantings at least 3 m wide. Placement of plants around playgrounds, especially for preschoolers, should be carried out taking into account protection from dust and wind. Placement of plants should ensure optimal illumination of the site and aeration. To isolate playgrounds around the perimeter, shrubs (hedges, groups) should be provided, and to shade part of the coverage of playgrounds from the south and southwest (shading up to 1/3 of the plot) - trees, both with a dense and openwork crown. For example, you can use species such as large-leaved linden, Norway maple, drooping birch, Pennsylvania ash, etc.

It is possible to divide the territory of the playing area of ​​the playground into sections independent of their purpose using groups or single specimens of trees and shrubs from sustainable, local plant species. Shrubs with bright, low-lying flowers and abundant fruiting are not allowed for landscaping (such as almonds, Japanese quince, weigela, spirea species, etc.), as well as plant species with poisonous fruits and thorns (wolf's bast, rose varieties, hawthorn) . To reduce damage to plants during operation around playgrounds install benches, fences or create supporting walls of low height. Plants should be placed on bulk ridges 20...30 cm above the surface of the sites and not less than a meter from their edge.

When designing and landscaping children's playgrounds, one should take into account the albedo value for various surfaces, as well as the total radiation under the crowns of trees and the shading area under the crowns. A significant role is played by the shadows falling from buildings, and the shadows cast by trees of various sizes or sun protection structures and devices. The values ​​of total radiation under the crowns of plants various kinds are given in table 5.

Albedo - an indicator of the degree of reflection of the surface of an object (walls of buildings, road surfaces, materials); It is measured by the ratio of the amount of reflected radiant energy to the amount of energy coming from the sun. For crowns of trees is 12% (%): Asphalt - 4.0. Concrete - 8.5. Cobblestone - 3.0. Gray granite - 11.5. Earth - 4.5. Brick red - 10.0. Roofing iron - 6.0 White marble - 16. Yellow sand - 14.5. Stone ends - 3.0. Plywood - 10.0. Cement - 13.5. Plaster - 8.0. Crushed stone - 3.0.

Table 5

The values ​​of total radiation under the crowns of plants
(according to the Academy of Public Utilities named after K.D. Pamfilov)

Table 6 shows the ratio of the radiation balance and albedo for various plant species used for landscaping the territory of a residential area.

Table 6

The ratio of the radiation balance for various woody plant species (according to the data of the K.D. Pamfilov AKH)

Landscaping of sports playgrounds. When placing plantings, it should be borne in mind that these sites are a source of noise and dust, so they are isolated with mesh fences. Along the fences, climbing plants are planted; seats should be located outside the site fence. It is recommended to place trees with a dense large crown along the perimeter of the site (large-leaved linden, Norway maple, Pennsylvania ash, poplar species). Placing plants in groups or rows will help protect the site from the wind. Around the sites, a strip for plantings with a width of at least 3.0 m is provided. Plantings are provided in the form of trees and tall shrubs. The crowns of trees should not hang over the field of the site. Trees and shrubs that have shiny leaves, give a large number of flying seeds, abundantly fruit, shed leaves early, are not allowed for planting. The width of the plantation plots around the block of sites should be at least 100 m. Trees should be placed no closer than 2 m from the edge of the site. This eliminates uneven lighting and flickering of light spots on plant covers.

Landscaping of recreation areas for adults. When arranging plants near adult recreation areas, one should take into account, first of all, the partial shading of their surface. In this case, it is best to use large existing trees (lindens, oaks, elms), designing, nearby, recreation areas. For protection from the sun, it is appropriate to install pergolas with climbing plants, umbrellas or awnings, and for protection from the wind - decorative walls. An effective covering of recreation areas is ecological lawn-tiled paving (slabs recessed into the lawn).

Landscaping of utility sites. When placing plants near utility sites, it should be borne in mind that the sites for garbage containers must be isolated from the surrounding areas. Woody plants with a dense and dense crown, large shrubs (lindens, maples, ash trees, vesicles, etc.) should be provided around the sites for garbage collectors. It is recommended to place trees of the first size on the south side. Around the household areas for drying clothes, a hedge of undersized shrubs can be recommended; for cleaning things provide a dense fence of dust-resistant species.

Landscaping driveways. Along the driveways, on sections of pedestrian routes, it is possible to arrange alleys from trees of various types. The alley can be birch, linden, maple, larch. Hedges from large shrubs or bush-shaped trees (for example, from small-leaved linden) can be used; a complex of conglomerate devices in the form of sites for various purposes. The space of the courtyard should be decided taking into account the satisfaction of the needs of the population in recreation, in economic activity. At the same time, a modern yard should be a comfortable habitat for residents, carry a certain aesthetic load, have an educational value, perform recreational functions, etc.

The general principle of the spatial and compositional solution of plantings in yards is the combination of open areas, which are sites and lawns, with compact groups of trees and shrubs located near the sites. This technique allows not only to solve decorative problems, but also to significantly improve the microclimate of the territories, to create good conditions for aeration and insolation. Compact groups of trees and shrubs can be placed on bases artificially raised above the surface of the sites. That is, the question arises of profiling the territory, vertical planning. In modern practice landscape design Techniques have been developed for forming an artificial microrelief in courtyards in the form of mounds, "waves", and slopes. Such landforms are fixed by plants - small trees, ornamental shrubs, ground cover, herbaceous forms. Due to the differences in relief, the inclusion of small architectural forms, sculpture, lamps, the perception of the courtyard space is enhanced.

Great importance should be attached to the aeration of the yard space. It must be taken into account that the thickening of green areas with plants, the absence of gaps ("windows"), open lawn areas sharply violate the aeration regime of the territory, cause air stagnation, accumulation of exhaust gases "flowing" under the crowns of trees. The presence of open lawn areas in combination with sites creates conditions for the formation of vertical air currents and the removal of gases outside the building. The circulation of air masses improves. Groupings of trees and shrubs in combination with the lawn favorably affects the microclimate. The most important issue is the isolation of parking lots from the space of the yard and areas for recreation of the population. Hedge screens in combination with fences (high side stone, metal fence) are appropriate here. A hedge from a shrub can be placed on an artificially poured roller from the ground (up to 30 ... 40 cm high). It is possible to install decorative walls made of wild stone along the border of the parking lot.

An important issue in the landscape organization of courtyard areas is the creation of a comfortable environment for the elderly and disabled. In domestic practice, this issue has received very little attention. The ways of movement of this group of people should be convenient. This is mainly due to the arrangement of detours at artificial obstacles, the equipment of ramps on terrain differences, the creation of the necessary contour of fences in the most dangerous places, the implementation of coatings from special materials that facilitate the orientation of people with impaired vision.

It is necessary to design playgrounds for outdoor games for children of different age groups. In European cities, such issues are resolved for reasons of environmental sustainability, the construction of "anti-vandal" play structures for games, the use of various coatings from combinations of concrete and stone tiles with gaps in the form of grass filling.

The high building density, the presence of guest parking lots and engineering communications actively influence the state of green spaces and green areas in general. The expansion of the network of car parks significantly reduces the areas occupied by green spaces. In residential areas with a high density of development, gardening techniques are recommended for the roofs of garages, buildings, underground and semi-underground structures in order to partially compensate for the "loss" of space for green areas. In addition, mobile and compact gardening techniques should be used, which include the use of vases, portable containers, flower girls, etc., devices (Fig. 2).

Fig 2. Scheme of planting trees in the local area.

A cozy and beautiful yard is the dream of many homeowners. Landscape designers say that any area of ​​​​the territory adjacent to the house can be designed so that it will look harmonious all year round. Thinking over, equipping and subsequently maintaining a well-groomed condition of a given territory is often much more difficult than decorating the interior of the premises. The adjoining area constantly needs the care of a caring owner, manifested in the form of landscaping and landscaping.

With the help of landscaping the local area, regardless of the type of construction - an apartment building or a private house, you can give the adjacent space a harmonious look, and at the same time provide comfortable living conditions for residents.

Improvement of the territory should begin with an assessment of the natural topography of the site, as well as existing green spaces. Thus, you can either completely transform and improve the area near the house, or make additions to existing landscape conditions. The design of the local area looks especially successful if it is planned and implemented in parallel with the laying and construction of the house, or immediately after the construction of the building. At the same time, it is important to measure the dimensions of individual functional areas with the scale of the entire site, as well as to observe the design in a single style.

When planning activities for the improvement of the local area, the following factors should be considered:

• features of the terrain and relief;
• climatic conditions;
• existing and planned design style;
• selection of suitable plants for landscaping.

The choice of plants for landscaping the local area

With the help of thoughtful landscaping, you can profitably present the architectural style of a residential building, decorate walls, a fence, and other nearby objects. When choosing plants suitable for landscaping and decorating a house adjoining area, first of all, one should take into account the peculiarities of the climate of the area. It is necessary that green spaces be adapted to possible adverse climatic conditions, and also distinguished by unpretentious care. Care should be taken when choosing exotic plants, as some of them can cause allergies, and can also be poisonous - and dangerous, for example, for young children. The same applies to plants with thorns and thorns. Expensive plants can be further damaged by animals. It should be borne in mind that in the future, in order to maintain the aesthetic appearance of the local area, green spaces will require constant care, including, if necessary, watering plants, pruning trees and shrubs, as well as weeding flower beds and mowing lawns.

There are many options for landscaping the local area - these include coniferous plantations, decorative deciduous and fruit shrubs and trees, various flower beds and lawns, compositions of stones, sand and dwarf trees. In this case, one should take into account how harmoniously these compositions will look at different times of the year. Regardless of the functional purpose of green spaces in the local area, their presence will significantly enliven the landscape and decorate any building.

Adjoining territory of a private house

The landscaping of the adjacent territory of a private house depends entirely on its owners. Whether it is worth hiring specialists in landscaping and gardening to create a harmonious and comfortable space, or is it preferable to do everything yourself - the choice depends on the owner of the territory.

Landscaping and landscaping works include:

• creation of communication systems - lighting, automatic watering, drainage;
• laying paths and paving paths;
• improvement of multi-level terraces;
• installation of fences and fences;
• creation of playgrounds for children;
• breakdown of flower beds and flower beds;
• creation of water compositions - ornamental ponds, streams, waterfalls, fountains;
• construction of gazebos, installation of benches;
• the creation of lawns, hedges, alpine slides, pergolas, rockeries;
• installation of decorative elements in the form of mosaics, garden sculptures, flowerpots with plants, forged products;
• landscaping with the help of decorative groups of trees and shrubs, as well as fruit trees.

Planning for landscaping and landscaping

First of all, you need to carry out preparatory work:

• based on the preferences of the residents living in the house, draw up a list of functional areas that must be provided for in the local area. Zones can be separate or perform several functions at once. When organizing landscape design recreation areas, as well as front gardens, play areas, a garden and a vegetable garden can be allocated on the adjacent territory;
• then it is necessary to think over the future design of the site, draw up a list of individual elements of landscape construction, small architectural buildings and landscaping, and also determine the highest priority work;
• draw up a site plan on a scale, add existing buildings, trees and shrubs to it;
• plan expenses and select materials necessary for construction, decoration and landscaping.

Features of the improvement of the local area

When arranging landscape design, some features should be considered:

Landscaping and gardening with the help of thoughtful organization of space will make the local area cozy, functional and comfortable.

Adjoining territory - photo

People living in the same house are united by the adjacent territory, since it is their common property. The burden of spending on landscaping and landscaping falls on the owners. Therefore, it should be organized in such a way that all tenants can use it for their needs. Car owners, mothers with young children, people with handicapped or old age, pet owners, teenagers - everyone should find something to their liking.

Landscaping is a set of measures aimed at improving the sanitary-ecological, aesthetic conditions in the local area. It includes the construction of small architectural forms, the laying of a road and path network, as well as the unification of all present landforms.

Decree of September 27, 2003 No. 170 “On approval of the rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock” determined that the responsibility for maintaining the adjacent territory lies with the engineering and technical workers of housing stock maintenance organizations. Owners are required to pay for these works. apartment building.

The home area includes the land plot near the house includes the infrastructure located within it. These are playgrounds, and fire lanes, and collective parking lots, and garages, and clothes dryers, and much more.

Borders land plot, which is the property of residents of an apartment building, are fixed in the BTI passport for the house. This norm is regulated by the Order of August 26, 1998 N 59 “On approval guidelines on the calculation of the standard sizes of land plots in condominiums”.

Designers carry out landscape planning organization of territories in accordance with fire safety requirements and sanitary and hygienic standards.

This takes into account the availability of landscaped areas, as well as a complex of service facilities - cultural institutions, shops, etc. In addition, the landscape organization of the territory provides for parking spaces.

When carrying out work on the design and improvement of the local area, an important aspect is its adaptation to the requirements of the disabled and the elderly. The number of such people is constantly increasing and it is necessary to create conditions that allow them to fully use the common territory.

The state of green spaces on the territory is largely determined by the mode of use of the adjacent territory and the location of the main elements of external improvement. For example, plantings along transit paths and driveways should not reduce their size.

When carrying out landscaping work, it is necessary to know the range of plants that can be used in a particular climatic zone, as well as their biological characteristics. Some plantings can cause allergic reactions in residents, it is better to refuse such plants. With the help of trees and shrubs, various functional zones can be distinguished, which will allow dispersing residents depending on their interests.

Capital repairs of roads in the country are carried out annually. First, the top layer of asphalt is removed, then a new one is laid and markings are drawn.

Sidewalks and on the local area should also be treated the same, but for some reason these areas can stand for decades without repair.

Let's figure out who should repair the roads in the yards, how to motivate the housing office to send workers to repair the road surface and other important points.

If the sidewalk is included in the area of ​​the adjacent plot, then it is the common shared property of all residents of the multi-storey building, which means that repairs, if necessary, should be carried out by the management company.

To deal with the boundaries of the adjoining plot, let's look at the registration certificate of a residential building or cadastral passport. All issues regarding road maintenance must be resolved at a general meeting of owners, financial aspects are also discussed here.

The requirements for roads and their condition are as follows:

1. pit length - less than 15 cm;
2. width - less than 60 cm;
3. the depth of the pit is less than 5 cm.

According to GOST, a pit that does not fit these items (even one) should be fenced off and then repaired. If the site is one of the streets of the city and is not shared property, then the local authorities are responsible for the overhaul. This is stated in paragraph 2 of Article 12 of Federal Law No. 196.

Problems in the local area are solved by the residents themselves

Now that it is clear who should repair the roads in the yards, let's consider the situation in more detail.

First, a meeting of residents is held, where they discuss questions regarding how to spend the collected funds: whether it will be repairing a leaking roof, landscaping the local area, or whether the money should be spent on repairing the road surface in the yard.

So, if the management company ignores the pits on pavement insisting on carrying out other work, you can simply change it.

• A special service for housing supervision was created, to which all citizens can apply, whose homeowners association does not perform its duties properly. A violation in the service is fixed, after which the HOA is obliged to correct it, taking six months to do this.

If after this period no measures have been taken, such an HOA is simply eliminated in court, after which the owners can find another management company who will be more responsible.

You need to understand that it is the HOA that is responsible for repairing roads in the yards and is obliged to put the adjoining territory in order.

• In situations where, in the process of repairing a heating main, it was necessary to remove the top layer of asphalt and dig out the soil, it is the resource supply company that should take responsibility for all repairs. So in winter it is often necessary to repair pipes, after which the asphalt is not laid back, but the pits are simply sprinkled with soil.

In this case, it also makes sense to complain to the housing supervision service, which has every right to come and conduct unscheduled inspections without any warning to make sure the tenants' words are true.

If, as a result of the inspection, it is revealed that potholes on the roads can damage the cars of residents or cause their injuries, then on the basis of the relevant conclusion it will be possible to demand the fulfillment of obligations from the resource supply company or from the HOA.

So in case of problems with asphalt in the local area, when the housing office does not plan to carry out overhaul, it is necessary to convene general meetings of tenants, at which they express opinions and prescribe decisions in the minutes.

Do not blindly rely on the management company, for which the arrangement of the local area may be a secondary task.

If the HOA refuses the offer to do repair work, the residents should choose the organization they will trust, and which will repair the road near the multi-storey building within the specified time frame. In this case, the HOA has no right to oppose or interfere with the tenants to make their decisions.

According to the law, the owners now have the full right to dispose of common property and the adjacent territory, so it is only necessary to hold a meeting to which all residents are invited.

Voting can be carried out in person or in absentia mode by giving each owner a questionnaire with questions. Remember, the HOA itself will not rush to change the asphalt surface and most often they will have to be reminded of this!

Therefore, if there is a need for repairs, you need to start acting on your own, and if there is still no result, file a complaint with higher authorities.