Recommendations for the arrangement and maintenance of playgrounds in the Moscow region

These Recommendations establish general requirements for the arrangement and maintenance of playgrounds (hereinafter referred to as playgrounds) on the territory of the Moscow Region and are developed for use in planning work on the arrangement, major and current repairs, reconstructing courtyard areas and places of recreation for the population, preparing rules for the improvement of territories of municipal formations of the Moscow region.

1. Design, construction, repair and reconstruction of playgrounds

1.1. Playgrounds are usually designed for games and outdoor activities for children. different ages: pre-preschool (up to 3 years old), preschool (up to 7 years old), primary and secondary school age (7-12 years old). Playgrounds can be organized as separate playgrounds for different age groups or as complex playgrounds with zoning according to age interests. For children and adolescents (12-16 years old), it is recommended to organize sports and play complexes (micro climbing walls, velodromes, etc.) and equip special places for riding scooters, skateboards and skates.

1.2. Distance from the windows of residential buildings and public buildings to the edge of the playground preschool age it is recommended to take at least 10 m, primary and secondary school age - at least 20 m, complex playgrounds - at least 40 m, sports and game complexes - at least 100 m. Playgrounds for preschool and pre-preschool age are recommended to be placed on a residential area , playgrounds for primary and secondary school age, complex playgrounds are recommended to be placed in the green areas of the group or microdistrict, sports and gaming complexes and places for skiing - in the parks of a residential area.

1.3. Playgrounds for children in residential areas are recommended to be designed at the rate of 0.5-0.7 sq.m per 1 inhabitant. It is recommended to design the sizes and placement conditions of the playgrounds depending on the age groups of children and the location of residential buildings in the city.

1.4. Playgrounds for preschool children can be of small size (50-75 sq.m), placed separately or combined with playgrounds for quiet rest of adults - in this case, the total area of ​​the playground is recommended to be at least 80 sq.m.

1.5. Optimal size playgrounds are recommended to be installed for preschool children - 70-150 sq.m, school age - 100-300 sq.m, complex playgrounds - 900-1600 sq.m. At the same time, it is possible to combine playgrounds of preschool age with recreational sites for adults (the size of the site is at least 150 sq.m). Neighboring children's and adult playgrounds are recommended to be separated by dense green plantings and (or) decorative walls.

1.6. In the conditions of historical or high-density development, the size of the sites can be taken depending on the available territorial possibilities with compensation for standard indicators in the adjacent territories of the municipality or as part of the development.

1.7. Playgrounds are recommended to be isolated from transit pedestrian traffic, driveways, turnarounds, guest parking, areas for the installation of garbage collectors, areas for permanent and temporary storage of vehicles. Approaches to playgrounds should not be organized from driveways and streets. Provided that children's playgrounds are isolated with green spaces (trees, shrubs), it is recommended to take the minimum distance from the boundaries of playgrounds to guest parking lots and areas for permanent and temporary storage of vehicles in accordance with SanPiN, garbage collection sites - 15 m, settling and turning areas at the final stops of urban passenger routes. transport - at least 50 m.

1.8. When reconstructing playgrounds, in order to avoid injuries, it is recommended to prevent the presence of protruding roots or overhanging low branches on the territory of the playground, the remains of old, cut equipment (racks, foundations) located above the ground, metal jumpers not buried in the ground (as a rule, near horizontal bars and swings) . During the reconstruction of adjacent territories, playgrounds should be isolated from the places of work and storage of building materials.

1.9. The mandatory list of elements of landscaping on the playground usually includes: soft types of coverage, elements of interface between the surface of the playground and the lawn, landscaping, playground equipment, benches and urns, lighting equipment.

1.10. Soft types of coverage (sand, compacted sand on a soil base or gravel, soft rubber or soft synthetic) are recommended to be provided on the playground at the location of playground equipment and others associated with the possibility of children falling. Bench installation sites are recommended to be equipped with solid types of coating or foundation. If there is a foundation, its parts are recommended not to protrude above the ground. The height of the bench for resting an adult from the level of the cover to the plane of the seat is recommended to be taken within 420-480 mm. The surfaces of the rest bench are recommended to be made of wood, with various types of waterproof treatment (preferably impregnated). When the grounds are covered with grass, it is recommended to provide walkways to equipment with hard, soft or combined types of coverage.

1.11. To interface the surfaces of the site and the lawn, it is recommended to use garden side stones with beveled or rounded edges.

All sites must be provided with wheelchair access or ramps.

1.12. Playgrounds are recommended to be planted with trees and shrubs, taking into account their insolation during 5 hours of daylight hours. Trees on the eastern and northern sides of the site should be planted no closer than 3 m, and on the southern and western sides - no closer than 1 m from the edge of the site to the axis of the tree. On playgrounds of preschool age, it is recommended not to allow the use of plant species with thorns. On all types of playgrounds, it is recommended not to allow the use of plants with poisonous fruits.

1.13. Placement of gaming equipment should be designed taking into account regulatory safety parameters. It is recommended that playgrounds of gaming complexes be equipped with a stand with the rules of conduct on the playground and the use of gaming equipment, as well as information plates or boards (shields) containing:

information about the owner (balance holder) of the site;

rules and age requirements when using the equipment;

telephone numbers of the rescue service, ambulance;

telephone numbers for reporting to the maintenance service about equipment malfunction and breakdown;

information about the prohibition of walking pets on the site.

1.14. Lighting equipment must operate in the mode of illumination of the area where the site is located. It is recommended not to place lighting equipment at a height of less than 2.5 m.

1.15. Entrances, exits, evacuation routes, passages intended for workers of the rescue service, ambulance, operation service must always be accessible, open and free from obstacles.

2. Requirements for the design of gaming equipment

playgrounds

2.1. Equipment installed on children's playgrounds (hereinafter referred to as playgrounds) must have a certificate of compliance with quality and safety requirements, appropriate markings and operational documentation.

The materials from which the equipment is made must not have a harmful effect on the health of the child and the environment during operation.

It is advisable to provide for the following requirements for the material of gaming equipment and the conditions for its processing:

To ensure the aesthetic perception and development of taste in the younger generation, it is recommended to use plastic elements that are resistant to temperature changes, shockproof, resistant to ultraviolet rays, having a bright color, clean color scheme colors that do not fade from exposure to climatic factors;

Limited (no more than 10%) execution of structural elements from hardwood and moisture-resistant plywood with special processing that has an environmental certificate and prevents rotting, drying out, fire, chips is allowed: surfaces must be polished, corners rounded;

For the load-bearing structures of the equipment, only metal elements with reliable bolted and clamp connections and suitably treated (moisture-resistant painting, anti-corrosion coating) should be used;

It is not allowed to perform slides for slides and complexes made of ferrous metal.

2.2. Equipment and items of equipment must:

comply with general safety requirements and protection measures - correspond to the age group of children for which they are intended;

provide access for adults to help children inside the equipment;

prevent accumulation of water on the surface and ensure free flow and drying.

2.3. The design of the equipment must provide strength, stability, and rigidity.

2.4. Metal equipment elements must be protected from corrosion (or made of corrosion-resistant materials).

Metallic materials that form oxides, flake or flake should be protected with a non-toxic coating.

2.5. Elements of equipment made of polymeric materials, composite materials, which become brittle with time, must be replaced after a period of time specified by the manufacturer.

2.6. Elements of equipment made of wood should not have processing defects (burrs, flakes, chips, etc.) on the surface.

2.7. The presence of protruding elements of equipment with sharp ends or edges is not allowed.

2.8. The presence of rough surfaces that can cause injury to the child is not allowed.

2.9. The protruding ends of the bolted connections must be protected in a way that prevents injury to the child.

2.10. Welds must be smooth.

2.11. The corners and edges of any part of the equipment accessible to children must be rounded.

2.12. Fastening of equipment elements should exclude the possibility of their dismantling without the use of tools.

2.13. Equipment elements (components) subject to periodic maintenance or replacement (for example, bearings) must be protected from unauthorized access.

2.14. Enclosed equipment (tunnels, play houses etc.) with an internal size of more than 2000 mm in any direction from the entrance must have at least two open accesses that are independent of each other and located on different sides of the equipment. The design of accesses should exclude the possibility of blocking them and ensure, if necessary, the provision of assistance to adult children without any additional means (for example, stairs that are not integral part this equipment). The dimensions of open accesses must be at least 500 x 500 mm.

At emergency Access must allow children to leave the equipment.

2.15. The dimensions of a piece of equipment allowing a child to be grasped must be not less than 16 mm and not more than 45 mm in any direction.

2.16. The width of the piece of equipment allowing the child to grasp must be no more than 60 mm.

2.17. Movable, as well as movable and fixed elements of the equipment must not:

form squeezing or cutting surfaces;

create the possibility of getting stuck in the body, body parts or clothing of the child.

2.18. To prevent injuries when children fall, shock-absorbing coatings are equipped.

Distance between shock-absorbing coating playground and moving parts of the equipment should be at least 400 mm.

2.19. Railings and railings are provided to prevent falls.

2.20. The design of the safety fence must not encourage children to stand or sit on it, nor allow children to climb or climb.

2.21. When positioning the equipment, the following minimum safety distances must be observed:

gaming equipment requirements

3. Content order

children's playgrounds

3.1. Monitoring the technical condition of site equipment and monitoring compliance with safety requirements, Maintenance and the repair is carried out by the person operating it (owner, owner, user or operating organization) (hereinafter referred to as the owner).

If the owner of the site is unknown, control over the technical condition of the site equipment and control over compliance with safety requirements, maintenance and repair is carried out by the owner of the land plot on which it is located.

3.2. The results of monitoring the technical condition of the site equipment and monitoring compliance with safety requirements, maintenance and repair are recorded in a log that is kept by the owner.

3.3. Monitoring the technical condition of the site equipment includes:

3.3.1. Inspection and testing of equipment before commissioning.

3.3.2. Regular visual inspection can detect obvious malfunctions and foreign objects that pose a hazard caused by the use of the equipment, climatic conditions, acts of vandalism (for example, broken bottles, cans, plastic bags, damaged equipment).

The frequency of regular visual inspection is determined by the owner based on the operating conditions.

Visual inspection of site equipment subject to heavy use should be carried out daily.

3.3.3. Functional inspection is a detailed inspection to check the serviceability and stability of the equipment, to detect wear of the equipment structural elements.

Inspection is carried out once every 1-3 months in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, and also taking into account the intensity of use. Special attention is given to hidden, hard-to-reach items of equipment.

3.3.4. The main inspection for the purpose of assessing the compliance of the technical condition of the equipment with safety requirements is carried out once a year.

During the annual main inspection, the following are determined:

the presence of rotting wooden elements;

the presence of corrosion of metal elements;

the impact of the repair work performed on the safety of the equipment.

Particular attention is paid to hidden, hard-to-reach equipment elements.

According to the results of the annual inspection, defects in the improvement objects to be eliminated are identified, the nature and extent of the necessary repairs are determined, and an act is drawn up.

3.4. In order to control the frequency, completeness and correctness of the work performed during inspections of various types, the owner should develop inspection schedules.

When drawing up a schedule, take into account:

manufacturer's instructions;

climatic conditions and intensity of use, on which the frequency and content of work performed during inspections may depend.

The schedule should list the equipment and items of equipment to be checked during various types inspections.

3.5. If during the inspection of the equipment defects affecting the safety of the equipment are found, the defects must be immediately eliminated. If this is not possible, the equipment must be discontinued or the equipment must be dismantled and removed from the site.

After removing the equipment, the foundation remaining in the ground is also removed or fenced off in a way that excludes the possibility of injury.

3.6. All operational documentation (passport, act of inspection and inspection, inspection schedules, journal, etc.) is subject to permanent storage.

Maintenance personnel should be provided with access to operational documentation during inspections, maintenance and repair of equipment.

3.7. Maintenance includes measures to maintain the safety and quality of the equipment and site surfaces.

Regular equipment maintenance activities include:

checking and tightening the attachment points;

updating the color of equipment;

maintenance of impact-absorbing coatings;

bearing lubrication;

ensuring the cleanliness of equipment and coatings (removing broken glass, debris and contaminants);

restoration of shock-absorbing coatings from bulk materials and adjustment of their level.

3.8. Repair work includes:

replacement of fasteners;

welding work;

replacement of equipment parts;

replacement of structural elements of equipment.

Persons carrying out repair work take measures to fence off the place of work, excluding the admission of children and injury.

4. Documentation provided by the manufacturer (supplier)

4.1. The manufacturer (supplier) provides a passport for equipment in accordance with GOST 2.601 in Russian, and, if necessary, in state languages subjects Russian Federation and native languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

4.2. A passport is provided for a set of equipment or for equipment that can be installed separately and used as an independent unit (a children's play complex or a stand-alone slide, swing, carousel, rocking chair, etc.).

Note - For equipment that cannot be installed separately and used as an independent unit (attached slides, stairs, etc.), a passport is not provided. For such equipment, only an entry in the “Completeness” section of the passport for the gaming complex, which includes this equipment, is required.

Reference regulatory and technical documents

Federal Law No. 131 of 06.10.2003 “On general principles organizations of local self-government in the Russian Federation”.

Methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation on the development of norms and rules for the improvement of the territories of municipalities, approved by order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 27, 2011 No. 613 "On Approval methodological recommendations on the development of norms and rules for the improvement of the territories of municipalities".

GOST 2.601-95 Unified system for design documentation. operational documents.

GOST 18322-78 Maintenance and repair system for equipment. Terms and Definitions.

GOST R 52167-2012 Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and swing test methods. General requirements.

GOST R 52168-2012 Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for slides. General requirements.

GOST R 52169-2012 Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods. General requirements.

GOST R 52299-2004 Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for rocking chairs. General requirements.

GOST R 52300-2004 Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for carousels. General requirements.

- "Proposals for the improvement of the local area in terms of children's sports and gaming infrastructure" letter of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation dated December 14, 2010 No. 42053-115 / 14.

Intrablock passages should provide the possibility of a car to drive to each entrance and have turnaround areas to provide access to the house of fire trucks if necessary. For houses over 5 floors, entrances are provided from two longitudinal sides of the house. The width of the passage, as a rule, is at least 5.5 m (dimensions of a fire engine). The road surface must be solid (asphalt, concrete). Sidewalks with a width of at least 3.0 m are provided along the passage from the side of the entrances to residential buildings, with a coating of road, durable tiles. The interface between the sidewalk and the driveway is made of side stone (curb). The height of the curb above the surface of the driveway must be at least 0.1 m. The height of the curb above the road surface must be at least 0.15 m.

Guest car parks. Near the entrances of residential buildings, guest parking lots are provided for short-term parking of cars. Parking areas are intended for storage of cars of residents and temporary parking. The distance from the boundaries of the car park to the windows of residential buildings should be at least 10.. .40 m. The site must be adjacent to the traffic lane. In accordance with the dimensions of the vehicles, the parking area is marked out. The parking lot is isolated from the landscaped area, any passages, paths from the parking lot to the recreation areas are prohibited. Along the boundaries of the parking lot, from the side of the green area, a curb is arranged, with a height of at least 0.15 m, and plantings in the form of a hedge from high dust and gas resistant shrubs are provided.

The area of ​​the parking lot for one car is taken as 22.5 m 2 when the parking lot adjoins the roadway, it is taken as 18 m 2 per car.

The system of sites for various purposes in a green area is calculated taking into account the composition of the population and its age structure. The age structure of the population of Moscow is presented in Table 1. Knowing the number of residents of different ages in a residential building or in a group of houses, it is possible to calculate the approximate dimensions of the sites based on the existing recommendations of Mosproekt JSC-1 and Moscow regulatory documents in construction (MGSN 1.02-02 and MGSN 1.01-99).

Sites for various purposes are located on the landscaped area in accordance with the convenience of location and radius of service for residents.

Table 1

Demographic indicators of the population of residents of microdistricts (according to MGSN 1.01-99).

Playgrounds are provided for games and outdoor activities for children of different age groups, including for children:

• preschoolers, under the age of 3 years, up to 70 m 2;
• preschool children under the age of 7 years, up to 100 ... 150m 2;
• children of primary and secondary school age, 7 ... 12 years old, up to 300 m;
• older children, 13 ... 15 years old, up to 900 m and more.
• For children under the age of 3 years and preschool age up to 7 years, children's complex playgrounds are organized with the allocation of zones for the youngest children.

Table 2 provides approximate indicators of the size of sites for various purposes. Table 3 provides data on site zoning.

table 2

Approximate composition and indicators of sites on the territory of residential development (according to MGSN 1.02-02. 2002)

Playgrounds for children under 3 years old can be combined with playgrounds for quiet rest of adults. total area such sites are provided within 80 m2. In some cases, if the territory of the microdistrict allows, play complexes are organized for three age groups (up to 3 years old, up to 7 years old and 7 ... 12 years old). Sports and gaming complexes are organized for children and teenagers with various devices such as velodromes, scooter tracks, etc.

Playgrounds for preschoolers and younger schoolchildren are provided near residential buildings. Game complexes are recommended to be placed in the gardens of microdistricts or in the courtyards of residential groups with an area of ​​2.. .3 hectares.

The distance from the windows of houses and public buildings of the microdistrict to the boundaries of playgrounds is accepted: at least 12 m - for preschool and school age.

Game complexes should be located within 20 m from the windows of buildings.

Playgrounds for children are provided at a rate of 0.1 ... 0.5 m2 per inhabitant, depending on the type of development and the size of the landscaped area. Rest areas for persons older than working age (pensioners, the elderly, the disabled) are usually located near the approaches to the house. At the entrances themselves, the arrangement of sites of this kind is not recommended.

Playgrounds are isolated from transit pedestrian traffic, vehicle passages, guest parking lots, areas for installing garbage collectors, parking garages. The distance from the boundaries of playgrounds to guest parking lots, sites for installing garbage bins and garages must be at least 15 m.

On playgrounds, a “soft” coating is provided from special mixtures, composed and bulk materials, including small granite seedings (“crumbs”). A synthetic coating may be applied. At the installation sites of benches, a hard coating of tiles is arranged. Pairing the border of the site with the lawn is made of garden side stone ("curb") with beveled or rounded edges.

Playgrounds, recreational areas for adults, areas for garbage cans should not be placed along the boundaries of a residential area from highways and streets.

Playgrounds for quiet rest and board games for the adult population are located near residential buildings in a green area. Sites of this type should not be walkable and adjoin closely to driveways. Between the driveway and the site, a strip for green spaces with a width of at least 3 m should be provided. The distance from the windows of residential buildings to the boundaries of such sites should be at least 10 m. Sites where noisy board games are provided should be at least 20 m from the windows Rest areas for adults are designed at the rate of up to 0.1 m2 per inhabitant. The optimal dimensions of the sites are provided within 20 ... 100 m2. It is possible to allow the combination of quiet rest areas for adults with playgrounds for preschoolers. Combining areas for quiet relaxation and areas for noisy board games is not recommended. The minimum size of the site with the installation of one table with benches for board games is provided within 12 ... 15 m 2.

It is recommended to cover the areas for recreation of the adult population from decorative and durable tiles. Along the boundaries of the sites, it is recommended to arrange low decorative fences (up to 0.40 ... 0.50 m high), and plantings in the form of trees and shrubs along the perimeter. The sites should be sufficiently lit and warmed by the sun and, at the same time, shaded during the hot part of the day. The illumination rate should be at least 10 lux. In the central sections of the sites, it is possible to provide for large trees, the seats of which must be protected and bordered by a low supporting wall with seats (up to 0.40 m high).

The set and size of the sites depend on the size of the adjacent area of ​​the residential group. In different types of buildings, the sizes of the residential area (courtyards) are different. There are sizes of 1.5 ... 3 ha, 0.5 ... 1.5 ha and 0.5 ... 0.01 ha. In large and medium-sized adjacent territories, children's towns are provided - play complexes for children of different age groups, as well as sports grounds. In smaller areas, they are limited to a set of playgrounds for young children, for recreation of adults and pensioners.

Business sites. This type of site is mandatory for the installation of waste bins. These sites are arranged at the junction with driveways at a distance:

• no further than 100 m from the farthest entrance
• and no closer than 20 m from the windows of houses.

As a rule, such platforms are made closed, with special canopies and two lockable metal doors. The sites must have places for the installation of containers for the collection of municipal solid waste. Utility sites with waste bins should be removed from the windows of residential buildings, from the boundaries of playgrounds and recreation areas, from children's institutions at least at the distance given above. The territory of the site should adjoin the driveways and not interfere with the passage of vehicles. It is recommended to arrange such sites away from the facades of buildings at the junction with the blank walls of the transformer substation or central heating substation. The territory of the site should be placed in a shading zone with buildings or trees with a dense crown.

The size of the economic platform for one container is 2 ... 3 m 2. There should be a passage 0.40 m wide between the container and the edge of the site. On average, one site for 6...8 is provided. porches of a residential building. The optimal size of the site, based on the size of the garbage bins, is taken at 10 m 2.

Coverings of utility sites should be hard, made of asphalt or slabs. The coating, as a rule, is arranged by analogy with the coating of adjacent driveways. The slope of the site cover should be at least 5% towards the carriageway to avoid stagnant water. The interface of the site with the adjacent driveway is provided at the same level without laying the curb. Evening lighting of the adjacent territory to the site should be provided. The height of the lighting poles must be at least 3 m.

On the territory around the site, a strip is provided where plantings in the form of trees with a dense dense crown are placed. Along the perimeter of the site, a hedge of tall shrubs can be provided.

Dog walking areas. Areas for walking dogs are provided isolated from places of recreation for the population no closer than 40 m from the windows of buildings and 50 m from children's and sports grounds. The dimensions of the sites in the residential area are recommended to be within 500 m2, or less, depending on the available opportunities. Currently, an approximate ratio of the number of dogs to the number of inhabitants of the microdistrict is accepted (20 ... 30 dogs per 1000 inhabitants). The radius of accessibility of dog walking areas is 200m from the entrance of the house, no further. For residents of the Central Administrative District, the radius of access is 300 m.

Sites are recommended to be provided in the form of a rectangle. The width of the narrow side is 12 ... 20 m, in length - up to 30 ... 40 m. A path for walking with a dog is provided on the site. The width of the track is -1.5 ... 2.0 m. An approach in the form of a track is required to the site.

The road and path network is provided for the purpose of providing approaches to sites for various purposes, to public transport, to shops, kindergartens, schools, medical and cultural institutions. The road and path network serves as an addition to the network of driveways, walkways, and sidewalks. Paths must have a durable and decorative coating. Concrete tiles of various shades and sizes are used, materials of special, loose mixtures, as a rule, from granite screenings, with the addition of light loam, sand.

Tracks on residential areas are divided into 2 classes:

• transit, year-round use, for access to public transport, access to shops, schools, kindergartens, medical and cultural institutions; transit paths must have a “hard” coating of piece elements (tiles made of artificial or natural stone);
• transit walking and trails, seasonal use, for approaches to recreation areas; coated with decorative and durable tiles, or special, free-flowing mixtures with the addition of binders (“soft”).

Tracks are classified according to their purpose, depending on the intensity of traffic. The width of paths and paths is set to a multiple of 0.75 m. In places where benches are installed, it can be increased to 1.5 m.

0.75 m (single lane)

1.5 m, (two lanes),

2.25 m (three lanes)

3.0 m (four lanes).

Plantings along driveways and transit paths should not reduce their size. The height of the free space above the pavement level should not exceed 2.5 m. 5m, for clayey - 2.0m.

Table 4 gives indicators of the size of the paths and their slopes, which are necessary to regulate the flow of storm and melt water.

Table 4

Classification of paths in the residential area of ​​the microdistrict (according to JSC Mosproekt-1)

Sports grounds on the territory of residential development are intended for physical education, volleyball, basketball, handball, mini-football, hockey (in winter). The minimum distance from the boundaries of the sports ground to the windows of residential buildings is taken from 20 to 40 m, depending on the generated noise level. In some cases, it is possible to provide a complex sports ground for preschool children. Such a site is planned to be approximately 150 m in size.

The coverage of sports grounds is provided from special mixtures with the inclusion of bulk materials - granite screenings.

Along the boundaries of sports grounds, a mesh fence up to 2.5 ... 3.0 m high should be provided. In the places where the sites adjoin each other, the height of the fence should be 1.5 m. Vertical gardening in the form of lianas can be used along the fence (Fig. one).

A modern playground in the courtyard of a multi-storey building must meet numerous, and rather strict, safety requirements. It will be interesting for a child of any age to spend time on a properly equipped playground, and in addition to simple pleasure, classes on a variety of sports equipment allow the baby to develop more harmoniously.

In addition, children's playgrounds located on the street are a great place for children of the same age to communicate, during which they learn to make friends, communicate, and share toys, i.e. all that cannot be learned by walking exclusively with parents or playing at home. Unfortunately, children's outdoor playgrounds in the yards apartment buildings far from always being acceptable for organizing children's leisure, more reminiscent of a parking lot, a "dinner" for local residents or a gathering place for stray animals.

Basic requirements for playgrounds

All outdoor playgrounds must be level physical development child, stimulate existing abilities and help acquire new skills. An important feature of the correct children's complex is the possibility of independent and active activity of the child, without the participation of an adult. Therefore, all sites, as a rule, are decorated as brightly as possible, and the structures installed on the site allow you to come up with a wide variety of options for their use.

It is quite natural that the installation of playgrounds in the yards should be carried out in accordance with SNIP. Of all the rules and regulations, the most relevant can be distinguished:

• isolation of the site from the passage of vehicles, the distance from the parking lot cannot be less than 10 meters;
• the site must be impassable, fenced off from footpaths;
• landscaping around the perimeter is mandatory, the site must have both sunny and shaded areas;
• the minimum distance to "adult" sites and garbage bins should be at least 20 meters;
• at least once every three months, all installed equipment must undergo a visual and functional inspection;
• replacement of sand in the sandbox is carried out at intervals of 1 time per year, and the safety of the sand must be confirmed by a sanitary and hygienic certificate.

If possible, install playgrounds in the yards separately for each age group. There are three of them - for kids under 3 years old, for preschool children (3-7 years old), and for children of primary school age (7-12 years old). In practice, due to the lack of sufficient space, attractions for different age groups are placed on the children's playground in the courtyard of the house. This option is often the only one possible way organize a children's area.

Deciding who should build playgrounds in the yards

The question “who should install playgrounds in the yards” will not lose its relevance for a long time. Despite the fact that the territory of the yard apartment building is municipal, the improvement of playgrounds in the yards is the direct responsibility of the city administration. After it is built and recognized as compliant with SANPIN, playgrounds in the yards are transferred to the balance of management companies or homeowners associations, which should be involved in maintaining it in perfect condition. Workers should regularly check the strength of structures, replace worn-out elements, lubricate moving mechanisms, and refresh the paintwork.

Until 2003, there was no law on playgrounds in the yards in Russia in principle. Currently, a specially created committee has developed state standards containing safety standards and methods for testing the strength of equipment installed on playgrounds.

The developed GOSTs clearly spell out how to install a playground in the yard, what materials can be used in its manufacture, what stairs, ropes or chains should be, the characteristics of the coating and the type of foundation are determined. Nevertheless, formally, all the requirements of the regulations are advisory in nature, and in practice, the residents themselves are responsible for ensuring that the children's play area remains safe, independently carrying out elementary maintenance of the existing complex.

If there is no playground

Quite often there is such a situation that there is no playground in the yard at all, but citizens simply do not know where to complain. The first instance where it makes sense to apply is the management company or HOA. At the same time, it should be understood that such an appeal should not be oral - the greatest effect will be from a written appeal. At the same time, it makes sense to write a collective letter, with the maximum number subscribed residents. As a rule, writing a letter and collecting signatures is quite simple, because even if there are no small children in the family, the residents will not object if their yard is “ennobled” by a modern playground.

To quickly achieve the installation of a playground in the yard, you can pre-compose it rough plan or drawing. Due to the fact that the prices for all children's play equipment are available on the Internet, many especially enterprising residents independently draw up a preliminary estimate, which is applied to the appeal. If the playground is a sad sight, there is no such thing, and the collective appeal to management company remained unanswered, the next instance where it makes sense to turn is the council, the municipal council, the local duma and other local governments. At the same time, the letter / appeal left by the initiative group of residents must be registered at the reception with an incoming number assigned to it. In this case, you can count on the fact that it will not be “lost”, and officials will have to answer it. If it turned out to be much more difficult to achieve the installation of a playground in the yard than expected, you can consider the option of its independent device.

Is it possible to organize a playground with your own hands

In the event that the acquisition and installation of ready-made game forms is problematic, a playground in the yard can be arranged with your own hands. The main condition, in this case, is the use of high-quality and durable material, in the role of which, most often, wood acts. Particular attention should be paid to the quality of processing of wooden parts - poorly cleaned areas, sharp edges that can cause abrasions, cuts and splinters in babies are unacceptable.

An indispensable attribute of any playground is a house. It can be made from improvised materials, which is often stored as unnecessary in the basements or on the balconies of citizens. DIY construction children's house can be carried out together with the children to whom it is intended.

This will not only make the process more fun, but also allow you to take into account the comments and wishes of end-users. A playground in the courtyard of a private or apartment building must necessarily include a sandbox, photos of which can be viewed online before construction begins. As a rule, edged boards are used for its manufacture, which require very little. Particular attention should be paid to fasteners - it is undesirable to use self-tapping screws, since only bolted connections can withstand the load created by both the sand itself and the kids playing in the sandbox.

When designing a sandbox, it is worth considering the fact that it is highly desirable to equip it with a lid, so you should not make its shape overly complicated - no matter how beautiful it looks, it will be quite difficult to make a lid for it. The best would be a square-shaped sandbox or in the form of a hexagon.

Advice ! If you make the lid reclining and consisting of 2 parts, then children will be able to use the sandbox without the help of adults, who will only have to check that the lid is closed after playing.

Imported sand, ideally, should be provided with a hygiene certificate. If it is problematic to get one, you should definitely pay attention to the fact that the sand is sifted, not containing stones and other inclusions. It is undesirable to place the sandbox itself in a permanently shaded place, for example, under trees, since this will lead to the fact that after getting wet, the sand will remain damp and cold for a long time. The wooden elements of the sandbox, before filling, are best either painted with weather-resistant enamel or varnished in several layers. Several interesting ideas on the independent arrangement of the play area for children, you can "peep" in the next video