How to calculate the number of spotlights in the kitchen. How to choose a light bulb for recessed spotlights

Today it can satisfy, perhaps, any, even the most demanding customer. Not the last role in the choice of fixtures is played by the bulbs installed in the fixtures.

Just a couple of years ago, there were only two types of light bulbs for recessed spotlights -. We will not dwell on the description of the variety of halogen lamps. The purpose of the article is a little different - to show the advantages and disadvantages various kinds lamps.

The principle of operation in both lamps is approximately the same. The difference is only in the gas with which the light bulbs are filled. We will not dwell on the technical subtleties, we will only note that the service life of "halogen lamps" is 1.5-2 times higher than that of ordinary incandescent lamps, and the light spectrum, depending on the filling of the lamp bulb, is slightly different.

The disadvantage of halogen bulbs is their high temperature. Everyone who is at least a little familiar with incandescent lamps knows that the efficiency of "halogens" and incandescent lamps is extremely low. About 70-80% of the energy goes to heating, and only 15-20% - to the light. It turns out that we use lamps more for heating than for lighting. because of high temperature and due to the unimportant quality of the component lamps, often the reason for the failure of the lamp itself is the quality of the base.

To date, lamps of these two types remain, perhaps, the most popular. Some people buy these bulbs out of habit, many are satisfied with their price-quality ratio. And the range of lamps presented is quite large. Lamps of various colors are produced, for all types of socles - G4, G5, G9, etc. Well, there are also such buyers who simply do not know that for several years now a worthy alternative to "halogens" and incandescent bulbs has appeared.

Sergey Seromashenko

LEDs are the most popular and economical lighting which are widely used in domestic and industrial environments. We suggest considering how to choose LED lamps for spotlights, where to buy them and what is their cost.

When buying light bulbs, we are accustomed to evaluate watts, an indicator of brightness or power, with LED lamps everything is different. The definition of power and light output is defined differently.

Contrary to popular belief, wattage is not a measure of brightness, but a measure of how much power a lamp consumes. For incandescent lamps, there is a generally accepted correlation between watts and brightness, but for LEDs, watts is not the main metric.

For example, LED lamps with a comparable brightness of a 60-watt incandescent lamp have a power of 8 to 12 watts. For example, to replace 35W halogen lamps, 16W or 12W diode models will be used, these can be products from MR, Lion, Lux and others. Although according to the standards in Teplosveta, three-watt devices can also be used.

In connection with the difference in these indicators, a unit was invented - lumen, which determines the ratio of power to light brightness. The photo shows an approximate diagram by which you can choose the power of LED lamps. For example, a 12 V lamp connected to a 220 V network will produce a brightness of more than 1100 Lm.

Incandescent lamps can only provide yellow or very warm, milky light. Because of this, its quality and brightness drops significantly.

LED lamps are capable of displaying an impressive range of colors, from violet to red, a spectrum of white and yellow. If desired, you can choose a model that will match the color of incandescent lamps as much as possible.

Before buying light bulbs, be sure to check color scheme, on the packaging it is presented in Kelvin. The lower the number, the warmer the light. The usual shade of incandescent lamps is between 2700 and 3000 Kelvin. The higher the value, the brighter and colder the light will be.

Harsh colors have a negative effect on the eyes, so we recommend using them either in case of emergency, or for installation on billboards or in showrooms.

Power consumption

The main characteristics of LED lamps are energy consumption and durability. As you know, LEDs are much more expensive than incandescent lamps, but at the same time, they shine much brighter, last longer, and consume several tens of times less power than conventional lamps.

Spotlights co LED lamps work up to 8000 hours, with infrequent turning on and off of the light, this figure grows. It also increases if there are no voltage drops in the network. The location of the device significantly affects the performance - you can use any device in the house, but install only special street lamps in the open air.

Mounting

It is very important to choose a model with the appropriate cartridge. There are several ways to install lamps in fixtures:

1. Cartridge (the most common);
2. Insert directly into the lamp housing on the contacts;

If the light bulb is bought separately from the lamp, then you need to clearly know the dimensions of the cartridge. A spotlight lamp is very similar to a conventional incandescent lamp, except for the size and principle of operation.

It is most convenient to mount lamps with an MP-16 gu5 base - they are easy to install and are used in 80% of LED spotlights.

tightness

Spotlights are sealed and open. The former should be used in bathrooms, saunas, and other places with high humidity, for these rooms we recommend choosing a model with a stainless base and durable glass that will not burst under the influence of steam and temperature changes. Not sealed can be used absolutely everywhere, except for rooms with high humidity or open spaces.

It should be noted that decorative spotlights cannot be used in production conditions and in explosion-, -fire-hazardous areas.

Price overview

Another important characteristic of any LED lamps for spotlights is their price. We have compiled a table in which we have painted the offers of stores in Russia and Ukraine.

Chandeliers and other standard lighting elements in recent times quickly go out of fashion. AT modern world more and more often they use other types of ceiling fixtures - spotlights, because they are inexpensive and, with a small diameter, are able to illuminate the space with high quality. You can choose lamps for every taste and budget (with backlight, crystals, glass, swivel mechanisms, and others). With the help of decorative lighting of interior items, you can visually enlarge even a small room, illuminate darkened corners.

What is a spotlight

Recessed luminaires, one of the few light sources, are able to create light spots directed in the right direction. It is because of this function that they got their name. They can be installed in completely different rooms, because thanks to their laconic discreet design and small size, the spots will look good in any room and will not violate the overall concept of the interior. The direction of the light beam on individual objects will unusually emphasize the design of the room and create a sample of modern style from any room.

Based on the design features, LED spots can be divided into the following groups:

• built-in lamps (mortise, mounted in special niches);
• overhead spot spots (attached with brackets or attached to the surface with bolts);
• combined (several light bulbs fastened together).

Small lamps can be mounted on false ceilings of any type. The installation method practically does not change depending on the type of material with which the surface is sheathed. On a stretch ceiling, the installation of devices is carried out by craftsmen, since there are some nuances when installing a structure in such a material. It is important to consider that the angle of illumination falling from the lamp is 30 degrees, so the spots are positioned so that the rays intersect. Do not place spot spots closer than 60 cm from the wall and more than 1 m from each other.

In order to properly connect spotlights, you need to pay attention to some important points:

• the design of the lighting device must have a reflective layer;
• lamp power must correspond to the material from which the ceiling is mounted ( overheating of the material may cause its deformation and increase the risk of fire);
• when choosing a wire, consider the type false ceiling(for drywall, a two- or three-wire wire is suitable, and for less refractory materials fireproof option should be selected);
• for connection, you can use special terminal blocks or tinned copper sleeves (a more reliable option);
• the connection points must be carefully protected with electrical tape or heat shrink tubing).

On a stretch ceiling

PVC film, with high sensitivity to heat and a tendency to damage, is one of the most popular options for finishing the ceiling. Therefore, if you decide to buy lamps for stretch ceilings, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the material. Additional thermal insulation must be provided in the design of the device. The permissible power of incandescent lamps is up to 60 W, halogen lamps - up to 36 W, but fluorescent and LED lamps are ideal for installation, because they have a minimum heating temperature.

Spot light, depending on the room, can perform different functions, due to which it is in great demand in the lighting market, especially when installed in a stretch ceiling. The installation of slots in the PVC film ceiling should be carried out in several stages:

• laying wiring along the ceiling (in a corrugated tube) and to the switch (single or double);
• installation of fasteners for mounting (the distance between the surfaces of the ceilings should be at least 6 cm);
• when using lamps with a power of 12 W, the use of step-down transformers is mandatory;
• installation of metal suspensions for fixing the lamp allows, if necessary, to adjust the height of the device;
• when installing a stretch ceiling, special rings are glued at the junctions of the spots with the wiring (to mark the area where the wires are located), and then they are cut through.

For plasterboard ceiling

Spot lighting on the plasterboard ceiling is a great addition to the interior of the room. Mounting lighting slots in such material is quite simple and the whole process takes very little time. Experts recommend the use of spot LED lamps, as they have a long service life, high-quality light output and economy. Depending on the shape of the lamp, square or round strobes are cut in drywall. You should clearly follow the markings made earlier, otherwise you can get into the metal profile.

Light bulbs for spotlights

The question of what lamp to purchase for a lighting spot is of interest to many. It should be noted that each option has its advantages and disadvantages. The only thing that can be said with absolute certainty is that the most popular spotlight bulbs are "halogens" and incandescent bulbs. The first take their positions due to the price-quality ratio. The latter benefit from a longer service life and a large selection of colors (important when creating decorative lights), sizes, plinths.

Given that both of these types of lamps have high level heating and extremely low efficiency, options have appeared on the market with which they can be replaced:

LED

The most promising and economical option in the modern market are LED lamps. When choosing a lamp for such a device, you need to take into account that the units of measurement we are used to will not help here. For the convenience of choosing LEDs, the lumen unit is used, which shows the ratio of power to brightness. Such lamps are indispensable if you need to get bright illumination of the entire room or individual decorative elements of the interior. Safety for vision, no need for disposal make LEDs more and more popular.

Halogen

If you need to get high-quality color reproduction, high brightness and directional radiation, then halogen lamps are the best option. A nice bonus is their durability compared to conventional incandescent bulbs, but they are also more expensive. The widest range of colors, a large selection of socles will allow you to choose the color range and place lamps with halogen lamps in any room. If necessary, you can use rotary models of spots with "halogens" in the interior.

Incandescent lamps

The technology for the production of incandescent lamps is slowly becoming obsolete. But due to the fact that such devices are very cheap and give a very soft light, they still occupy their niche in the market for accessories for spot spots. In point spots, it is forbidden to use devices without a mirror reflector. In addition, the distance from the ceiling to the installation site must be at least 7 cm, which significantly reduces the room. Incandescent lamps in fixtures are mounted and replaced very easily and quickly.

Recessed ceiling lights

Due to the active emergence of technological innovations, spots are increasingly being used as lighting fixtures. This is due to the fact that the connection of spotlights is relatively simple and does not require significant time costs. It is very important to determine in advance the type of devices in relation to the room in which they will be operated (temperature conditions, air humidity), their appearance(uniform, accessories) and required amount.When installing devices for smooth dimming, dimmable lamps should be selected.

An excellent addition to the interior in antique style will be such a lamp:

• Name: Antico 011111 _ LS from the manufacturer Lightstar.
• Price: from 235 to 245 rubles (Moscow, St. Petersburg).
• Characteristics: unusual metal spot from the Italian manufacturer. Plinth GU 5.3, height 50 mm, diameter 800 mm.
• Pros: metal fittings; low price; when installing the "halogen" you can connect a dimmer; it is allowed to install lamps for 12 volts (when connecting a transformer) and 220 volts.
• Cons: no bulbs included; no water protection.

An unusual lamp with a swivel mechanism, painted in pine color from the Hungarian brand Novotech, will complement the room made in eco-style:

• Name: Novotech 369709 Wood.
• Price: 418 rubles.
• Characteristics: a spot with a rotary mechanism will allow you to zone the room and highlight interior items. Construction material - metal, base GU / GX 5.3, dimensions: height 92 mm, width 92 mm, depth 25 mm. Mortise hole 82 mm.
• Pros: metal fittings; average price level; swivel mechanism, rotation angle 45 degrees; warranty - 1 year; it is possible to install a dimmer; it is allowed to install light bulbs for 12 and 220 volts.
• Cons: no bulbs included; no water protection.

The highlight of the room, decorated in modern style maybe a concise lamp from the Donolux brand:

• Name: Donolux DL 18614 / 01 WW - SQ White/Black.
• Price: from 1313 to 1405 rubles.
• Characteristics: an interesting lamp that will suit most interiors. Made of metal, the main colors are black (reinforcement) and white (reinforcement). Plinth GU 10, lighting area 2.8 m, dimensions 14/10/10 cm (height/length/width).
• Pros: it is possible to connect a dimmer; manufacturer's warranty - 1 year; unusual design.
• Cons: high cost; no lamps included; voltage 220-240 Volts; there is not even a minimum protection against drops of water.

How to choose spotlights

When the question arose of choosing a recessed luminaire, you first need to make sure that the material from which it is made is of high quality. Special attention it is worth paying an assessment of the strength of fasteners, because the durability and reliability of installation will depend on this characteristic. When buying, you need to carefully check all the spots, because sometimes there are situations when devices from the same batch may differ in color.

If you decide to buy ceiling spots, then you need to decide on the most suitable option. To facilitate the task, you can use the following criteria:

• lighting sources (the possibility of installing a spot in a particular area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room and its ability to perform its function depends on the choice of lamp);
• degree of security (to install a lamp on the street or in a room with a risk of water ingress, you need to choose options with a high degree of protection);
• design features (each type of surface has its own characteristics, so you need to choose the best method of fastening);
• 220 or 12 Volts (when choosing devices that connect to a regular home network, there will be no installation problems, but for installation of 12 Volt spots, step-down transformers should be installed).

Video

To choose the right bulbs for ceiling spotlights, you should carefully examine the recessed light source itself, which indicates the power and brightness of the lamp suitable for it. Usually, different types of lamps can be placed in a mortise structure:

• LED;
• halogen;
• energy saving;
• incandescent lamps.

All light bulbs for spotlights are designed for different periods of operation. Therefore, they will have to be replaced sooner or later. Everyone knows how to change traditional models with a filament, but replacing LED and halogen counterparts can be difficult. To carry out the replacement, you will need to get acquainted with technical specifications the lamps themselves and the design features of built-in modern spots and mini-spotlights. It is important to choose the right power of such a device for stretch ceilings, so as not to worsen the level of lighting in the room and not damage the stretch ceilings.

For recessed fixtures, halogen and LED lamps are most often used. Halogen models are universal, they are suitable for an electrical network with a power of 220 V and 12 V. They can be connected through a special device that will gradually increase their brightness. This device is called a dimmer.

The most profitable models are considered to be powered by LEDs, which are designed for 20 years of operation and can also be operated from a network of different voltages. But if the LED lamps for spotlights have become unusable, then it is not so easy to change them. Replacing such a modern lighting device has its own nuances and requires some preparation. It is better to entrust this process to experienced specialists, or you will have to figure out the design features yourself. ceiling lights and light bulbs that are installed in them.

Lighting devices built into the ceiling are very popular today. They are installed in apartments, offices, administrative and commercial establishments. Unlike traditional pendant chandeliers, such light sources are not installed in the center of the ceiling, but along its entire perimeter. This method of installing indoor lighting has several advantages:

• you can put any number of light bulbs in the room and create the desired level of illumination;
• create a good level of illumination in certain places, since spotlights with LED lamps have a small angle of dispersion of the light flux, which allows you to well illuminate the work surface of the table or a certain area in the room;
• create good illumination of the room with minimal energy consumption.

Hidden in different surfaces modern light sources can be installed on:

• regular or stretch ceiling;
• wall;
• furniture;
• gender;
• stairs and steps
• street sidewalk.

Before replacing the lamp, you will need to disassemble the built-in lighting fixture itself. It consists of an external decorative and built-in part, on which a light bulb is installed. This will have to be done in order to unscrew the light bulb that has become unusable and insert a new one. It is not easy to remove the decorative and functional part of the lighting equipment on your own, therefore, in order not to spoil it, you should invite specialists who can quickly and efficiently get the old light bulb and install a new one in its place. The difficulty lies in the fact that it may be necessary to open several built-in appliances at once, which, unlike a conventional chandelier, can be installed in hard-to-reach places on the ceiling, wall or floor.

Comparative table of the power of lamps of different types

How to change an LED light bulb in a chiseled light fixture

Built-in lighting fixtures of various types can be. Embedded spots can be single or spot. Such lanterns with LEDs are mounted on brackets, with the help of which directional lighting is created. It is impossible to disassemble such a design on your own in order to pull out the LEDs without preparation. Together with the light bulb, you always have to remove part of the lamp itself.

Important! The LED lamp is always changed with a part of the lamp.

There are spot-type lighting fixtures with a housing designed for a specific type of LED lamp, and with a special element for installing the LED. To pull out the light bulb itself, you will need to disassemble the lamp in both cases.

LED bulbs are designed to last a long time. Their installation is usually carried out together with recessed fixtures. They will function for 20 years. If you still need to replace them, then for this you should contact the professionals. The LEDs can be replaced by qualified electricians who installed them. They will select the right devices according to their power, dismantle the lighting structures, replace the light bulbs and reassemble the built-in lighting devices. This approach will save you time and money.

It has long occupied an important place throughout the world.

It was for this purpose that they were invented and put into operation led light bulbs for spotlights and other light sources.

LED lamp - newest generation lighting technology.

More and more people are using them. Why? There are quite a few reasons that explain the advantages of LEDs in relation to conventional and energy-saving lamps.

The LED light bulb is made of durable matte or transparent plastic and has an aluminum body.

Types of LEDs can be divided into 2:

• (E-14, E-27). They have a standard base, thanks to which they can be screwed into a simple cartridge;
• bulbs (MR-11, MR-16, GU10). These are recessed bulbs that can be installed in any lamp.

In order to understand the essence of all the advantages of spotlights that are used, consider the advantages and disadvantages of using conventional and energy-saving light bulbs:

1. Ordinary incandescent lamps (at one time) were a breakthrough, however, time does not stand still. Their significance is already losing its positions. They provide light by heating a tungsten filament. electric shock. Due to the fact that part of the current is spent on heating the light bulb, it does not have a particularly high brightness. Accordingly, in such light bulbs, the efficiency is no more than 50%. Such lamps have many disadvantages:

• consume a lot of energy and are not economical,
• have low brightness
• short service life
• may break due to voltage fluctuations.
• High heat dissipation. Lamps can not be used in all fixtures, as the base can simply melt.

2. Energy saving lamp(KHL) has clear advantages over the incandescent lamp. It:

• high brightness of lighting (light output), as it glows over the entire area;
• profitability;
• high efficiency;
• long service life;
• small heat dissipation;
• It is possible to choose the color of the light flux.

Flaws:

• high price,
• mercury content, which makes these lamps environmentally harmful.

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3. We can talk about the advantages of LED lamps for a long time, while there is only one drawback - rather high price. Although, this shortcoming easily pays off over time. The advantages of LEDs include the following:

• They last many times longer than tungsten bulbs;
• They are very economical, thanks to which energy costs are reduced by 70% (in relation to simple incandescent lamps);
• LEDs work without failure, which is ensured by high reliability, mechanical strength and stability;
• They are . They do not contain mercury and any other harmful substances;
• Illuminate rooms well.

The use of LED lamps in a spotlight

The spotlight uses several LEDs, which use light of different colors, which allows them to be used in the lighting design of various rooms. The shades of the glow can also be different, so you can create different brightness in the rooms.

When connecting spotlights, it is important to know that they cannot operate at a current of 220 volts. Such high voltage can disable them. For spotlights to work, you must:

• purchase a step-down DC transformer - a power source. Such transformers can be of 2 types: for lamps with the number of LEDs from 1 to 9 and from 10 to 24.
• Have a special connector available that helps you figure out where the “-” and “+” are. This is very important, because if you make a mistake, you can ruin all the LEDs in the luminaire (break the entire circuit).

May there always be light in your house!