Mycoplasmosis in men is a bacterial disease that affects the respiratory tract and genitals. This ailment can also occur in women, but in the male population it causes more serious reactions.
The causative agent of mycoplasmosis is a small bacterium called mycoplasma. It is invisible to the human eye, while actively multiplying and easily transmitted. Therefore, infection and the development of the disease occur quickly and mycoplasmosis in men often reaches serious stages that must be treated.
Types of bacteria
What is mycoplasma? This is a bacterium that cannot be seen even under a microscope. Mycoplasma is represented on Earth in more than 10 species. For a person, in particular for a man, 3 of them are dangerous - these are pathogens, urealiticum and hominis. Depending on the species, the bacterium infects a person in two ways:
The first 2 types of mycoplasma are sexual, and more likely to cause problems in the respiratory tract. The bacterium is dangerous for any type of ailment.
Severity of the disease
Patients may underestimate mycoplasmosis and delay its diagnosis and treatment. However, the disease poses a serious danger to men. As with other sexually transmitted diseases, genital dysfunction can occur. Mycoplasmosis can lead to serious complications:
- damage to the penis and genital organs, leading to infertility or non-viability of spermatozoa;
- prostatitis;
- kidney damage up to necrosis, the initial stage of infection is pyelonephritis;
- arthritis.
Mycoplasma easily spreads throughout the body, using blood or lymph for this. With prolonged absence of treatment, it rises from the affected genitals upward and affects the kidneys. Also, the microorganism goes down, covering the area of \u200b\u200bthe knee joints and leading to arthritis. In the case of respiratory mycoplasmosis, the disease leads to frequent bronchial pathologies. Against its background, there is chronic bronchitis and cough.
Reasons for the development of the disease
Sexual mycoplasmosis is transmitted through sexual contact with an infected partner. There is no proper protection (condoms). As a result of such contact, mycoplasma infection develops within 3-35 days from the moment of intercourse. The incubation period depends on the level of immunity of the infected person.
There is a high risk of contracting a respiratory infection in places with a large crowd of people. If a person lives next to an infected person or accidentally crosses paths with him in public places, then you can become infected through contact and household contact. It implies that the bacterium remains on the plate or door handle, and then the person puts it into his mouth when he yawns or eats.
The contact route of infection is also taken into account. When kissing with an infected individual who suffers from a respiratory type of illness, the chance of getting infected is quite high. There is a risk of transmission of the disease with a simple touch.
You can get infected from a person who is unaware of the presence of the disease. In both women and men, immunity can hide the problem. But the bacterium remains in the body and can be transmitted to the partners of the infected person, which poses a great danger to others.
Factors provoking the development of the disease
With good immunity, mycoplasmosis in the patient's body does not manifest itself. It can be extinguished by immunity for a long time, as a result of which there will be no external and internal signs of the disease. However, there are factors that lead to the development of mycoplasmosis.
The main causes of the first stage of the disease are a decrease in immunity and the problems that caused it:
- a serious injury that provoked a state of shock and other complications;
- taking antibiotics;
- autoimmune diseases;
- third-party problems (systematic diseases that cause a weakening of the body, additional ailments of the genitourinary system);
- age of the patient (over 40-50 years).
Increase the chance of rapid development of the disease promiscuity. Because of them, a man acquires a “bouquet” of venereal and genitourinary diseases, which hit the immune system hard and allow mycoplasmosis to manifest itself. The consequences of mixing several STDs at once are infertility and erectile dysfunction.
Symptoms of mycoplasmosis
How does mycoplasma appear in men? The defeat of the genital organs in the representatives of the stronger sex does not have specific symptoms. Due to lack special features the disease is difficult to diagnose. It is often confused with similar pathologies related to the venereal area and the genitourinary system. It will be possible to fully distinguish mycoplasmosis from other ailments only with the help of analysis.
A good doctor will be able to identify the problem based on small symptoms. Symptoms of the disease vary depending on its stage. Early on, you may notice the following:
- when urinating, transparent threads are released from the urethra;
- in advanced cases, the threads can acquire a white or yellowish tint - these are purulent discharges that occur against the background of an inflammatory process in the penis;
- constant desire to empty the bladder;
- pain in the groin area and during urination;
- burning skin on the penis.
With prolonged lack of treatment, a person develops the second stage of mycoplasmosis. It is expressed in the form of more serious problems, including:
- constant general intoxication, which is characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, feeling of weakness and fatigue;
- slight enlargement of the testicles;
- constant pain in the groin area is a sign that the lesion has gone higher and affected the internal organs.
The secondary symptoms of mycoplasmosis are already more pronounced and make it possible to determine that a person has a genitourinary disease. But the symptoms of the first stage, the patient often may not notice, which allows the bacteria to develop and affect the body more strongly.
Diagnosis of the disease
Diagnosis of the disease is complicated by its simple symptoms, similar to all common signs of STDs. To fully identify the disease, it is necessary to do tests. However, before taking smears or blood, the stage of primary examination is mandatory.
To undergo an examination, you need to make an appointment with a venereologist or urologist. The patient is examined in places of the most frequent spread of bacteria (genitals). The doctor necessarily collects complaints from a person, is interested in the frequency of sexual contacts and whether they were protected. Other additional information may be required, at the request of a specialist.
As a result, an assumption is made whether a person is susceptible to mycoplasmosis or another ailment. If a decision is made in favor of the first, then 1 of 4 tests is assigned:
- semen analysis;
- Analysis of urine;
- blood analysis;
- a swab taken from the urethra or other affected organ.
For analysis, a PCR method is used. During such a check, with a probability of 90%, different kinds bacteria. The PCR method is based on finding the DNA of a bacterium, which makes it possible to distinguish it from other microorganisms.
Another way to determine the disease is a serological blood test. In its course, the highlighting of proteins that are associated with mycoplasma is done. These are antibodies produced to fight infection.
Bacteriological culture is also used. This method requires 4 to 7 days. During the test, some important types of bacteria that seriously affect the picture of the disease may not be found. This is due to the fact that some varieties of mycoplasma develop more slowly than others.
Therapy Methods
To combat mycoplasmosis, the infected are offered. Their course is prescribed depending on the individual characteristics of the body:
- age;
- the level of immunity;
- tolerance to antibiotics;
- the presence of comorbidities.
Antibiotics are taken, depending on the severity of the pathology, from 5 to 7 days. The course can be extended, but only by prescription. You should not self-medicate.
If a person has associated problems with the genitourinary system, additional medications are prescribed for treatment. If secondary diseases are not found, a narrowly targeted antibiotic is selected.
When taking medications, it is important not to forget about auxiliary drugs:
- boosting immunity;
- antifungal;
- restoring the intestinal microflora after taking antibiotics.
These medicines speed up the treatment and make it softer and more effective. In order for the patient not to receive complications, it is necessary to coordinate the intake of auxiliary medications with the attending physician.
During therapy, you need to follow certain measures aimed at maintaining health when taking antibiotics. It is strictly forbidden to consume alcohol and junk food. These factors seriously affect the intestinal mucosa and its microflora, weakened by medication.
During therapy, it is recommended to strengthen the immune system. Walking in the fresh air will help, but you should not start hardening. Sudden changes in temperature for a non-hardened organism will lead to respiratory diseases and an increase in the duration of treatment.
Prevention of mycoplasmosis
To protect yourself from mycoplasma, the patient must first limit the range of sexual intercourse. It is necessary either to narrow the circle of partners to proven and definitely not infected, or to constantly use protection during sexual contact.
It is necessary to improve personal hygiene measures. Antiseptics that kill bacteria work well. If there is contact with the toilet handle in public place, you should use a special gel. And with unprotected sexual contact, it is recommended to use an antiseptic for the treatment of the genitals. Most effective method- pour the solution into the urogenital canal within an hour after communication.
On an ongoing basis, you can take drugs that strengthen the immune system, and vitamin supplements. A strong organism is able to overcome the bacterium itself, although after that it will be necessary to eliminate it with a little additional therapy.
Mycoplasmosis is a disease that should not be underestimated. With prolonged development, the bacterium affects the internal organs of the patient, leading to serious complications. It is impossible to completely protect yourself from the disease, but you can increase the number of preventive examinations at the doctor for the year and improve personal hygiene.
What are the best tools to use? What preparations, and in what cases will be the most optimal?
Mycoplasma in men: is treatment really necessary?
Many patients ask the doctor when is mycoplasma treatment needed in men? After all, even in the circles of experts there is still no consensus on this matter.
This is explained by the fact that mycoplasmas are natural inhabitants of the mucous membranes of the genital tract, nasopharynx, and oral cavity. These microorganisms are classified as opportunistic pathogens.
What does it mean?
This means that an infection can develop in a person if his immunity is greatly weakened. In a healthy person without pathologies immune system pathological symptoms are formed with a very low degree of probability.
So, when might a mycoplasma treatment regimen for men come in handy?
First of all, it is worth thinking about the course of therapy for the representatives of the stronger sex, who have symptoms of an inflammatory reaction, such as:
- appearance in the morning (usually in small quantities);
- various dysuric phenomena, including increased urination, etc .;
- heaviness or discomfort in the lower abdomen, etc.
Also, it is imperative to consult a doctor if the analysis revealed an excess of the normal threshold for the content of microorganisms. Even if there are still no symptoms.
Basic principles of treatment of mycoplasma in men
Drugs for the treatment of mycoplasma in men should be selected only by a doctor.
In this case, therapy should help achieve the following effects:
- elimination of all symptoms of the infectious process that affect the normal life of the patient;
- normalization of laboratory parameters, according to which the number of microorganisms will not exceed the mark of 10 to 3 degrees CFU per ml;
- in some cases, they try to achieve complete disappearance from the analyzes of the microorganism;
- prevention of adverse consequences, among which in the first place are the development of infertility and infection of the sexual partner.
Treatment of mycoplasma in men with antibiotics
is the modern gold standard of therapy. Not only has a small amount side effects but also gives good results. Among all antibacterial drugs, it is recommended to give preference to antibiotics belonging to the tetracycline series.
Since the sensitivity of the microorganism to them on this moment minimal. In addition to the tetracycline series, other drugs that have proven their effectiveness can be used.
Approved for use, for example:
- Doxycycline in a course of 5 days, 100 mg once a day;
- Levofloxacin three-day course once a day, 250 mg;
- Josamycin duration is similar to doxycycline, but the dose is 500 mg twice daily;
- Ofloxacin in a large dosage up to 400 mg at a time, etc.
It is important to remember that it is best not to start antibiotic therapy right away. And to pass tests and find out to which medicines the pathogenic microorganism will show sensitivity.
The use of drugs to which the infection is most sensitive is the current method of choice. It's interesting that drugs for the treatment of ureaplasma and mycoplasma in men are similar. This is due to the fact that infections most often occur in parallel and are sensitive to the same drugs.
Treatment of mycoplasma genitalium in men
can be difficult, especially when it comes to an old infection. A few words about mycoplasma genitalium.
A newly diagnosed pathology that has not yet fully blossomed can be successfully treated with Doxycycline. According to a scheme similar to that used for infection with an infection of the hominis type. However, it's important to remember this. If the patient has previously been treated for a similar infectious disease and treated with the same drugs, the microorganism may become resistant to therapy.
Mycoplasma hominis genitalium is a mycoplasma that infects the urogenital tract in both women and men. It is transmitted only sexually from a sick person or carrier to a healthy one.
Mycoplasma in men is more common in the form of carriage, but the representative of the stronger sex is not immune from the development of pathology.
Causes
The incubation period is up to 25 days. Symptoms of the disease appear no earlier than 3 weeks after infection (see photo). The disease is transmitted sexually through genital, anal or oral sex.
The survivability of mycoplasma is so great that it is practically impossible to cure them, especially since they are conditionally pathogenic in approximately every second male body, very often even in latent form showing no signs.
However, as soon as the immune system loses its vigilance a little, these tiny bacteria begin to infect the cells of the body by extracting vital substances from them. important substances, during this period, mycoplasmas begin to successfully spread to all organs in the body, affecting the body with their scale.
The disease affects the genitourinary and respiratory systems. This disease often leads to various complications, such as, and others. That is why it is so important to diagnose the symptoms of mycoplasma in men as early as possible, and start treatment with drugs on time.
What are the symptoms of mycoplasma in men?
In case of infection with mycoplasma, the microbe does not cause any specific symptoms in men. As with other infections, a person may be disturbed by:
- clear, glassy discharge from the urethra;
- periodic cramps during urination;
- redness and swelling of the lips of the urethra, as well as their adhesion in the morning;
- pain in the groin, perineum, testicles of a pulling, aching character.
These signs may disappear and reappear when the patient's immunity decreases again. Also, mycoplasmosis in men can affect certain organs, causing various diseases:
- urethra, ();
- prostate gland ();
- seminal vesicles ();
- scrotum organs (orchiepididymitis);
- seminal tubercle (colliculitis)
- head skin and foreskin ().
Accordingly, the specific symptoms will depend on the organ affected by the infection.
Diagnostics
In addition to symptoms for accurate diagnosis, enjoy modern method detection of mycoplasma - PCR method. It is based on the detection of the DNA of a microorganism.
The search for antibodies to the pathogen in the blood is often unsuccessful, since the body's immune response to mycoplasma is rather weak, and in some cases it is completely absent. Therefore, scraping from the urethra was and is the best for diagnosis, which helps to determine the cause of the pathology.
Complications
Mycoplasmosis in combination with other sexually transmitted infections in men is often the cause of such consequences as:
- prostatitis;
- vesiculitis;
- orchitis.
In addition, mycoplasma itself reduces mobility and damages male germ cells, reducing the likelihood of conception. That is why those couples, who for many years could not conceive a child, after the treatment of mycoplasmosis, they usually become happy parents.
Prevention
The most effective preventive measures against mycoplasmosis in men are:
- minimal alcohol consumption;
- getting rid of such a habit as smoking;
- protected sex;
- permanent sexual partner.
It is also advisable to be examined for the presence of STIs once a year.
Treatment of mycoplasma in men
When mycoplasma is detected in men, the most important point in treatment is the use of antibiotics. It is better to prescribe antibiotics taking into account the results of sowing on mycoplasmas and the sensitivity of these bacteria to antibiotics.
Mycoplasmas are sensitive to:
- Tetracyclines - tetracycline or doxycycline.
- Fluoroquinolones - levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, etc.
- Macrolides - azithromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, etc.
To completely cure this disease, it is necessary to completely improve and strengthen the patient's immunity. Patients are prescribed a course of taking multivitamins. They are able to stimulate the human immune system to develop the body's natural defense against viruses and bacteria, as well as other other diseases.
Chronic form
In chronic mycoplasmosis (especially complicated), antibiotic therapy is longer, often combined (several antibiotics are used). In addition, additional treatment is prescribed (immunotherapy, urethral instillations, physiotherapy, etc.).
When it comes to mycoplasmosis in men, there is usually a urogenital infection, the causative agent of which is two groups of microorganisms: Mycoplasma hominis and genitalia. To date, urogenital mycoplasmosis prevails over the classic sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis and gonorrhea.
Sexually active men of reproductive age account for the largest number of those suffering from this sexually transmitted infectious disease.
Mycoplasma
Mycoplasmas are very interesting microorganisms. These are the smallest cellular microorganisms that are classified as bacteria, but they are very different from other representatives of their domain. They do not have the usual for these microorganisms rigid, cell-limiting wall. And this partly makes them related to viruses.
But unlike viruses, mycoplasmas are able to grow on a cell-free medium. They also differ in sensitivity to antibacterial agents, and the need to include certain substances (sterols, cholesterol) in their metabolic processes. In a microbial cell, both RNA and DNA helices are present.
More than 200 species of bacteria belong to this family. 16 of them cause a bacterial infection in humans (urogenital, respiratory, generalized).
The reasons
The only cause of the disease is the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms into the body of a healthy person and the uncontrolled growth of their colonies. Mycoplasmas are able to live on the mucous membranes of the genital organs without causing disease. This condition is considered a carrier state. Asymptomatic carriage in men is less common than in women, but it is still possible.
Mycoplasmosis develops in men under the influence of adverse factors:
- Infection with other types of bacteria (pathogenic or opportunistic), or viruses.
- Chronic or severe stress.
- Overwork.
- Hypothermia.
- Internal and infectious diseases that weaken the immune system.
- Immunodeficiency.
- Frequent change of sexual partners (with unprotected sex).
- Excessive addiction to alcohol, smoking, drug addiction.
The disease can proceed chronically, with alternating periods of exacerbation (when immunity is weakened) and visible healing (when the body's defenses are restored).
Transmission route
According to medical data, there are many ways for mycoplasmas to enter the body of a healthy person. The main ones are:
- Sexual.
- Contact, contact-household.
- Intrauterine (vertical).
- During childbirth.
The main route of penetration of pathogenic microorganisms is considered sexual (with unprotected sex). Infection occurs both during genital and oral-genital or anal contact.
The contact-household way of transmission of infection to men is extremely rare. It becomes possible when using a towel of a sick person, his bed linen (together with him).
The fetus can be infected in utero, ascending, or infected from a sick mother, passing through the birth canal.
Symptoms of the disease do not appear immediately after unprotected contact with a sick person. Perhaps a latent or subclinical course. In this case, there will be no bright symptoms, and the disease remains undiagnosed for a long time.
In the classic version, incubation is from 5 to 60 days. The average incubation period is a couple of weeks. Then the symptoms of the disease appear.
Symptoms
Since carriage and an asymptomatic course are possible, a man can find out that he is sick in a few years, when third-party factors cause a persistent weakening of immunity. Bacteria will multiply and cause discomfort. It is expressed in:
- Painful mictions (the act of urination).
- Burning sensation when emptying Bladder.
- The appearance of mucous (glassy) discharge from the urethral canal.
- The appearance of pain in the inguinal zone, in the testicles, scrotum, perineum. The pains are not sharp, but unpleasant, pulling.
- The lips of the urethra may become inflamed, swollen and stick together after a long pause between micturitions (usually in the morning).
The symptoms of mycoplasmosis are not specific and may wax and wane periodically, causing apparent recovery. And the man does not seek help from a specialist and does not find out the cause of a temporary ailment, motivating the lack of action by the fact that he no longer has symptoms. At the same time, he serves as a source of infection for his partners. If the partner becomes pregnant, such an infection can affect the intrauterine development of the fetus.
If a symptom such as burning in the urethra and mucous discharge appears, it is better to get tested for STIs.
Effects
Mycoplasmas are opportunistic bacteria that can be present in a small amount in the body of a healthy person (carrier). This means that the man received these bacteria from a sick person, but his immune system is able to cope with them, suppressing the growth of colonies.
Before the weakening of the body's defenses and the appearance of persistent symptoms, Western medicine, and after it the domestic one, ceased to insist on the treatment of this disease. The treatment of Mycoplasma genitalium is considered mandatory, but the rest of the urogenital mycoplasmas are subject to treatment only before conception or in case of discomfort. For the most part, this approach is justified by the fact that it is not possible to completely destroy bacteria that have entered the body of a healthy person with the help of antibiotics. It is possible to suppress their uncontrolled growth, leading to a balance, that is, a state where mycoplasmas can cause only minimal damage.
In addition, the transferred infection does not form specific immunity, and young men who have an active sex life are easily exposed to a new infection. Because of this approach of specialists, mycoplasmosis in men began to be considered a “non-serious disease” that could not lead to significant complications. In fact this is not true. The reproduction of mycoplasmas is not limited to seeding the urethra (urethritis), they can cause:
- Orchitis. The disease manifests itself in the form of pain in the testicle and groin, back pain may appear. The testicle swells, increases in size, the skin of the scrotum becomes hyperemic and smooth. Pain is aggravated by walking. There may be general symptoms: dyspepsia, nausea, headache, fever. An inflamed testicle may abscess, atrophy, and infertility may develop.
- Vesiculitis (the so-called inflammation of the seminal vesicle). Manifested by pain in the suprapubic area with irradiation to the lower back. The pain may be aggravated by ejaculation and defecation. At acute course body temperature may rise, sometimes there will be an admixture of blood in the semen. The inflammatory process eventually ends with suppuration of the seminal vesicle, inflammation of the epididymis and infertility.
- Colliculitis (this is an inflammatory process affecting the seminal tubercle). Accompanied by discomfort in the anus, pain in the groin and perineum, increased spontaneous erection and weakening adequate. Urine is expelled during micturition in a thin, intermittent stream.
- Prostatitis. This inflammatory process in the prostate is characterized by pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, pain during urination, cutting and burning, pain during defecation. In an acute course, fever and hemispermia (the appearance of blood in the semen) is possible. Prostatitis can lead to sepsis, cystitis, and inflammation of the kidneys (pyelonephritis).
- infertility.
- Decreased potency.
- Cystitis. This disease is characterized by soreness of mictions, imperative (irresistible, obligatory) urge to urinate, pain and cramps during intercourse. With the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism into the interstitial tissue of the kidneys, pyelonephritis develops. It can be manifested by lumbar pain, dysuria, nausea, vomiting, fever.
- Pyelonephritis.
Mycoplasmosis is a serious disease, the treatment of which should not be postponed. In the presence of a permanent sexual partner, the treatment of the disease is also carried out for a couple.
Diagnostics
In the laboratory, the patient is offered a culture method or PCR to confirm the diagnosis. Most often, PCR is used, although it is not approved as a standard.
For a more reliable study, the study of samples is carried out by the following methods:
- Cultural.
- Cytoimmunofluorescent.
- indicator culture.
The standard is the study of samples by cultural and indicator methods. A blood test for the presence of antibodies to mycoplasma is not considered a reliable diagnostic method. It is preferable to study a smear from the urethra.
Treatment
The symptoms and treatment (therapy strategy) of male mycoplasma, that is, the disease that affected the stronger sex, is slightly different from the symptoms and treatment of this disease in women. It should be comprehensive, take into account the specific type of pathogenic microflora.
Treatment may be limited to the use of antibacterial agents and the doctor's recommendations. healthy lifestyle life, regulate their sexual contacts and get rid of bad habits. And you may need a more serious approach with the use of medicines from different pharmaceutical groups:
- vitamins.
- Immunostimulators.
- Spasmolytics.
- Probiotics and prebiotics.
This disease can be treated with antibiotics of different groups:
- Tetracyclines (Doxycycline, Doxan, Tetracycline).
- Macrolides (Erythromycin, Vilprafen, Roxithromycin).
- Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin).
- Lincosamines (Klitndamycin).
- Fluoroquinolones (Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin).
Before prescribing an antibiotic, it is advisable to check the sensitivity of a particular strain of mycoplasma to it.
Treatment should be prescribed by a doctor, focusing on the course of the disease. Depending on the chosen remedy, the course of treatment can be from 3 to 5 days or from 7 to 14 days. In some cases, treatment will last up to a month.
Also, treatment is carried out using:
- Installations (lavages) of the urethra and bladder.
- Physiotherapy procedures.
- Treatment of developed complications and concomitant infections.
An important aspect of speedy healing is a well-chosen diet. Experts advise to temporarily exclude from your menu not only alcoholic beverages, but also sweets, if a man is used to regularly lean on cakes, smoked meats, spicy dishes and spices. From dishes fried to a golden brown, pickles and marinades, it is also temporarily worth abstaining. But adding lactic acid products enriched with lacto- and bifidobacteria to the diet will not hurt.
Prevention
Unfortunately, effective prevention of STIs in unprotected promiscuous sex has not yet been invented. Therefore, preventive measures can be aimed at:
- Strengthening your own body and giving up bad habits.
- Legibility in sex (it is better to have a permanent partner) and protected sex.
If a man has other STDs, inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system, chronic diseases of the internal organs, they must be treated in a timely manner. These measures will significantly reduce the possibility of mycoplasmas entering the body of a healthy person and the possibility of their reproduction, if they still got into the urogenital tract. You can control the health of your genitals and avoid infertility if you regularly (at least once a year) are tested for major sexually transmitted infections.
Mycoplasmosis causes symptoms of inflammation of the genitourinary system in men, the treatment of which requires the use of antibacterial drugs. Pathogenic microorganisms provoke the development of serious disorders of the kidneys and reproductive organs. Mycoplasma can cause infertility, autoimmune diseases, malignant neoplasms in men.
Causes of the disease
In 50% of cases of chronic diseases of the genitourinary system, the cause of their development is mycoplasmosis.
In the stronger sex, colonization of bacteria occurs in the urethra and foreskin. Often, the infection is detected during examinations carried out due to the development of inflammatory processes in the testicles, penis, and kidneys.
Mycoplasma infection in most people occurs in the following ways:
- With unprotected sex. Pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted through vaginal, anal and oral sex.
- During childbirth. Infection occurs when the fetus moves through the genital tract of a mother suffering from mycoplasmosis. According to statistics, boys are less likely to become infected in this way than girls.
- During pregnancy. If a woman was infected before conception or while carrying a child, the likelihood of developing congenital mycoplasmosis in the fetus increases significantly.
The infectious disease is not transmitted through household contacts. It is impossible to get infected with mycoplasmosis by kissing, shaking hands, hugging, visiting the pool, saunas. The pathogenic pathogen is able to live in humid warm environments for 2-5 hours, and during boiling it dies within 2-3 minutes. You can destroy it with the help of disinfectant solutions, soap, laundry detergent. However, the bacteria are resistant to cold temperatures and are able to survive freezing.
Mycoplasmosis is activated in human body in the following cases:
- with reduced work of the immune system associated with the presence of a chronic disease, stress and hypothermia;
- during surgical operations;
- in the presence of extragenital pathologies;
- during the development of changes from the side endocrine system leading to hormonal imbalance.
The first signs and symptoms of mycoplasmosis in men
The causative agents of mycoplasmosis can stay in the body of a man for a long time without any symptoms and signs.
Often, the infection is detected during routine examinations and tests. The incubation period after the introduction of bacteria into the body takes 3-60 days, at the end, the following symptoms may appear in men:
- Discharge from the urethral canal. Often they are scanty, have a translucent hue and are found after waking up.
- Pain in the groin area. They can be temporary, intensify after a long stay in the cold, weakening of the immune system.
- Burning and cutting when urinating. They cause considerable inconvenience to men and are in many cases the reason for going to the doctor.
- Pain in the lower abdomen and frequent urination with mycoplasma damage to the tissues of the prostate gland.
- The appearance of erectile dysfunction as a result of inflammation of the prostate.
- Unpleasant sensations in the form of pressure in the anus and rectum.
- Turbidity of urine. Sometimes purulent inclusions appear in it.
- Inflammatory processes in the epididymis. They lead to pulling pains in the testicles, their increase, redness of the skin.
Mycoplasmosis is not always manifested by all of the listed symptoms. In some cases, they are so weak that men do not pay attention to them and are not examined by a doctor.
Review of effective drugs for the treatment of the disease in men
After mycoplasmosis in men is detected, symptoms are prescribed, and treatment is prescribed, patients must follow all the doctor's recommendations. All drugs prescribed after the examination should be taken strictly according to the scheme, without gaps and in a certain dosage. The mycoplasma type of infection is treated with antibacterial medicines belonging to different pharmaceutical groups:
- tetracyclines;
- macrolides;
- fluoroquinolones.
Since the causative agent of the disease does not have cell walls and is not able to synthesize acid, penicillin drugs are not particularly effective. Sulfonamides and cephalosporins also cannot destroy pathogenic microorganisms. To suppress the growth of mycoplasma, a drug is used that affects the production of proteins and has bacteriostatic effects.
In order to completely get rid of an infectious disease, therapy is prescribed not only for a man, but also for his partner.
Antibiotics
Currently, the following antibacterial drugs are used to treat mycoplasmosis:
Any antibacterial drugs for mycoplasmosis are prescribed individually, after receiving the results of laboratory tests and determining the sensitivity of the detected microorganisms to the active ingredients. Drug therapy aimed at destroying the pathogen can cause unwanted reactions:
- disruption of the digestive tract, manifested by nausea, vomiting, colitis, diarrhea and dysbacteriosis;
- allergic rashes, respiratory failure, Quincke's edema;
- dysfunction nervous system, expressed by headaches, dizziness, confusion;
- increased susceptibility of the body to direct sunlight, leading to the rapid development of burns.
If there are pronounced signs of intolerance to the antibiotic, the patient should immediately consult a doctor to replace the drug or adjust dosages.
Treatment regimens
All antibacterial drugs require strict adherence to instructions. The dosage of the medicine is indicated by the doctor in the prescription. In the treatment of mycoplasmosis, the following schemes are used:
- Tetracyclines. The course of admission is 7-14 days. Doxycycline - 0.01 g 2 times a day, tetracycline - 0.5 g 4 times a day.
- Macrolides. Josamycin - 0.5 7 2-4 times a day, clarithromycin - 0.25 g 2 times a day. Course - 3-14 days.
- Fluoroquinolones. Ofloxacin - 0.3 g 2 times a day, levofloxacin - 0.5 g once a day. The course of therapy is 10-14 days.
- Immunomodulators. Immunomax is administered intramuscularly 1 time per day every other day. A total of 6 injections are carried out. Galavit in the form of injections is prescribed 0.2 g on the first day, then 0.1 g three times a day. The course is 20 injections. Neovir in the form of injections is administered at 0.25 g per day every other day.
- Probiotics. Bifiform or Linex is prescribed for simultaneous administration with antibacterial drugs. To increase the effectiveness of drugs, the patient may be prescribed the prebiotic Hilak Forte.
The course of treatment of chronic mycoplasmosis
Chronic genital mycoplasmosis is treated with macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones. Depending on comorbidities, after the detection of an infectious agent, patients are prescribed:
- erythromycin - four times a day, 0.25 g;
- macrofoam - 0.1 g 3-4 times a day;
- roxithromycin - twice a day, 0.15 g;
- vilprafen - 0.5 g three times a day.
Antibacterial therapy is carried out within 7-9 days. If complications that have arisen against the background of an infectious disease are detected, the course is extended to two weeks with the addition of another drug that affects the alleged etiotropic factor.
In chronic mycoplasmosis, the scheme also includes an anti-inflammatory drug, an enzymatic preparation, and a probiotic.
Drug prices
The cost of drugs used to treat acute and chronic form mycoplasmosis, is indicated in the table.
Some antibacterial drugs are dispensed in pharmacies only by prescription.
Complications and consequences
- inflammatory processes in prostate. In the absence of timely therapy, prostate tissues begin to sclerosis, leading to serious dysfunctions of the reproductive system and infertility.
- cystitis. Pathogenic microorganisms, being activated in the urinary canal, cause disruption of the bladder, pain, inflammation of the renal pelvis.
- Autoimmune diseases. In response to the introduction of mycoplasma, the body can produce antibodies that can lead to the development of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatism.
- Malignant lesions of the tissues of the prostate gland. Despite the fact that the role of mycoplasma in the development of prostate cancer has not yet been proven, mycoplasmosis has been found in most men with prostate neoplasms.
Prevention
The most important role in preventing infection with mycoplasmosis is played by preventive measures that every man should be aware of.
It is important to avoid casual sex with untested partners without the use of barrier contraception.
Regular examination by a doctor is of great importance. It is recommended to take tests when changing sexual partners. If symptoms of infection appear, do not treat yourself. When detecting mycoplasma, a man should inform his partner. For complete cure a course of antibiotic therapy is prescribed to a woman. After the end of treatment, both partners need to undergo a follow-up examination.
An important role is played by the strengthening of the body's defenses. Helps boost immunity proper nutrition containing a large amount fresh vegetables, fruits, greens, proteins, fermented milk products. Exercising and walking in the fresh air are also good for the body.
An infectious disease associated with penetration into the organs and systems of mycoplasma is often asymptomatic and, with weakened immunity, leads to the development of inflammatory processes in the kidneys and reproductive system. A pathogenic pathogen can provoke the occurrence of autoimmune pathologies that require a long course of treatment. Important preventive measures are the use of barrier contraception and regular examination.
