How much do newborns eat table. Nutritional norms for a newborn and infant: feeding by months

Proper and rationed nutrition is the key to good health for a child. But a newborn baby is not able to independently control his diet. Therefore, this task falls on the shoulders of his parents. The answer to the question how much breast milk should be eaten by a newborn, will help grow a strong and healthy baby.

After giving birth, a young mother's milk will appear four days later. But the newborn will require milk. Most mothers worry about this because the baby will not be able to get enough nutrition. But there is no need to worry, because this is a natural development of events.

In confirmation of this, there is whole line factors:

instead of milk, a young mother gets a substance known as "colostrum" - it contains a large amount of useful substances able to provide the child with healthy nutrition;
it will take some time for the baby to learn to suck - so at first he will not be able to consume much milk;
for one feeding, a newborn consumes no more than nine milliliters of colostrum - this norm will be enough for him before the mother has a new portion;
milk will appear very quickly, even if at first it was completely absent - extra excitement, on the contrary, slows down this process;
during the first day, the baby will only need one hundred milliliters of colostrum - this amount is fully produced by most mothers.

Milk production is provided by a hormone that is activated in the body of a woman after the birth of a child. The amount of the hormone increases, and with it the formation of milk occurs.

Many women worry that colostrum is not meant for the baby. But research scientists have shown the opposite. Colostrum is not just good for the baby, it's required to provide the foundation for healthy development. immune system. For the first time, the baby consumes no more than two milliliters of this substance. Together with him, he receives trace elements, immunoglobulins and antibodies that help in further development.

Milk rates in the first ten days

The main factors on which the volume of milk consumed by an infant depends are his age and body weight. In the first days after birth, the baby grows rapidly, and with it the volume of milk that he needs also increases.

Every day the rate increases:

after the first day, the minimum norm for a newborn is two hundred milliliters (one serving is twenty milliliters);
after the second day, the minimum rate is three hundred milliliters (one serving - thirty milliliters);
in the future, the minimum rate increases along the same trend.

To calculate the minimum rate in the first ten days, a special formula is used. The age of the newborn must be multiplied by ten. The resulting figure will show how much a newborn should eat for one feeding of breast milk.

At breastfeeding it is difficult to determine how much milk the baby has drunk. To solve this problem medical scales are used. It is necessary to weigh the baby before feeding, and after. The change between the two numbers will indicate the amount of milk the baby has drunk. This method will help you find out if the baby is consuming the minimum amount of food or not. It is important that the number corresponds to the approximate norm.

When and how best to breastfeed

The main task of a young mother is to provide the child with convenience and comfort in the process of feeding. The first feeding will be needed quickly, so it is often carried out right in the delivery room.

In most cases, children immediately stay with their mother. The exception is possible contraindications. There is no consensus on the optimal diet.

It is widely applicable practice when feeding is carried out every two to three hours. But many doctors are of the opinion that you do not need to worry about how much you should eat. month old baby per breastfeed. All that is required of the mother is to feed the baby when he wants to.

This may occur less frequently than the specified interval, or, conversely, more often.

The process of milk stay in women after the birth of a child takes about two weeks. Therefore, the rate for the first ten days is calculated separately. The minimum portion is approximately twenty percent of the weight of the newborn.

A young mother should consider several important points while breastfeeding:

the baby may require to eat up to twelve times within twenty-four hours;
often the interval between meals does not exceed one and a half hours;
the time it takes to eat takes at least fifteen minutes, but sometimes it can reach forty minutes.

It is necessary to prepare for the fact that the first ten days you will have to spend most of your time with the baby. In some children, the sucking reflex is so developed that they can suckle even when the milk has already run out.

The mammary glands of a woman are most active at night. In the first two weeks of life, the baby wakes up at night almost as often as during the day. After reaching this age, he wakes up to three times a night, and the anxiety goes away.

You can not tear the baby from the breast too quickly. But if the feeding process is delayed more than an hour Don't let your baby continue to breastfeed. Formula should only be used when breastfeeding is not possible.

Table of nutritional norms up to a year

Up to a year, children should receive the same amount of food. To determine the optimal amount of milk for a child, a special table has been created in which nutritional norms are prescribed depending on age:

How old was the baby	Amount of milk per meal in milliliters	Daily rate
Three to four days	Up to 60	No more than three hundred milliliters
Up to one week	Up to 60	No more than four hundred milliliters
Up to two weeks	Up to 90	20% of the newborn's weight
Up to 1 month	Up to 110	Not more than six hundred milliliters
At 2 months	Up to 150	Not more than eight hundred milliliters
At 3 months	Up to 180	16.5% of the infant's weight
At 4 months	up to 210	16.5% of the infant's weight
At 5 - 6 months	up to 240	14.2% of baby's weight
7 months to a year	up to 240	11% to 12.5% of the child's weight

After reaching the age of six months, the baby's diet must be diversified, accustoming him to other foods.

This should be done sequentially, as indicated in the table:

The first cereals should be cooked completely in water. Vegetable oil is not recommended to be added before the age of seven months. For the first time, just one drop will be enough. Each time, the volume must be increased until it reaches one teaspoon. The situation is similar with butter. Starting from one gram, the portion should be gradually increased to ten grams.

How to tell if a baby is full

Young parents should be as attentive as possible to maintaining the nutritional norm for their child. Overeating or undereating can lead to serious health problems.

A well-fed baby is determined by a number of signs:

calm behavior;
healthy and sound sleep;
measured and systematic weight gain;
stable urination from twelve times a day.

A newborn should gain at least half a kilogram every month. If he does not gain this indicator within a month, he needs more food.

The baby has not eaten if:

after feeding, he begins to cry and look for his mother's breast;
bowel movements occur less frequently than normal;
after reaching ten days of age, breastfeeding takes a long time for the baby.

It is normal for newborns to have a bowel movement after every meal.

is an easier task than new mothers think. If the baby grows normally, falls asleep after feeding, and no longer requires milk, then he himself consumes the norm necessary for him.

While in the maternity hospital, nurses and doctors are constant assistants to a young mother, giving advice on proper feeding and caring for a newborn baby. Going outside the maternity hospital, most, even experienced women, face problems with the correct distribution of breast milk during attachment to the breast so that the baby does not suffer from a lack or excess of food.

Medical specialists calculated and deduced the optimal amount of food eaten by the child for months, as well as the required frequency of breastfeeding. One of the main indicators of proper feeding are. These indicators are informed during scheduled medical examinations or patronage.

Feeding up to 1 month

After the baby is born, the nurse or midwife should bring it to the mother's breast for the first application. There is no breast milk during this period, but the colostrum produced provides the newborn with essential nutrients.

On the 2nd day after birth, the baby begins to show signs of hunger every 3 hours. Each attachment to the breast in terms of the amount of food eaten is from 10 to 20 ml. A baby can eat up to 100 ml per day.

On the 3rd day after childbirth, a nursing woman significantly increases the production of breast milk. By this time, the child fully masters the technique of breast sucking, and the amount of food eaten increases. On average, a baby can eat from 120 to 180 ml per day, or about 30 ml at a time.

By the end of the first week after birth, the baby can eat from 50 to 70 ml per breastfeed. The daily volume in this case is up to 400 ml. For 2 weeks per day, the baby consumes up to 500 ml of milk.

When the baby is one month old, the normal indicators are the frequency of attachments from 6 to 8 per day, and the amount of breast milk eaten is 90-100 per one attachment to the breast.

Of course, these statistics are generalized, and the indicators can be individual for each newborn.

Nutrition for 1-2 months

At birth with a normal body weight, a full-term baby should eat about 700 ml of breast milk daily, or about 120 ml of breast milk per feeding.

Nutrition for 2-4 months

At this age, the baby should eat about 150 ml for one attachment to the breast. The frequency of application should not exceed 7 times a day, otherwise the baby may face the problem of overeating.

Nutrition for 4-6 months

At this age, food intake equal to 1/6 of the baby's body weight is considered normal. In milliliters, this is defined as 180-210 ml at a time. If the behavior of the child indicates a lack of milk, then the mother is recommended to give the baby freshly squeezed milk. Apple juice or drinking water. From six months it is necessary, the composition and amount of which is calculated by the pediatrician.

Nutrition for 6-12 months

From 6 months to the first year of life, the baby should eat daily from 170 to 250 ml of milk or formula once. In this period, 1 or 2 feedings are replaced by complementary foods (cereals, purees, juices).

If the child is on artificial nutrition, then required amount the finished mixture can be found on the packaging baby food. Formula manufacturers indicate in detail the volume of dry mixture and liquid needed to prepare ready-made meals, as well as the rate of its consumption for children of different ages.

How to determine nutritional adequacy

Knowing the required amount of food consumed according to age, each woman can use the methods of determining nutritional adequacy. To determine the recommended use of the following tips:

Pumping before feeding. The accuracy of this method remains in doubt, but it can be used to find out the approximate amount of breast milk eaten. It is recommended to express carefully and thoroughly, immediately before feeding. Even the right approach cannot ensure complete emptying of the mammary glands. With normal attachment to the breast, the baby eats 15-20 ml more than the expressed volume. This is important to take into account when making calculations.
Use of household scales. To determine the amount of food eaten, it is necessary to weigh the baby before feeding, and immediately after feeding. The difference in weight will be equal to the amount of food eaten. Before weighing, the child must be completely undressed and free from diapers and diapers, which can give extra weight.
The behavior of the crumbs can tell a lot. If the newborn is calm, occasionally crying, not naughty, benevolent, gaining weight according to age and norm, then it can be said with confidence that he receives enough food.

How to solve the problem of malnutrition

If for some reason the newborn does not receive the proper amount of food, then his behavior speaks for itself. When malnourished, children become capricious, whiny and irritable. In addition, poor weight gain is a strong indicator of malnutrition.

You can solve it with these tips:

Increased frequency of breastfeeding. This method is very effective, and allows you to solve the problem of malnutrition in a matter of days. Increasing the frequency of feeding stimulates the production of milk, thereby providing the child with the necessary volume.
The minimum duration of feeding should be at least 20-25 minutes. Artificial shortening of the duration often lead to malnutrition.
Increasing the amount of fluid you drink. We are talking about a lactating woman who must consume at least 2 liters of fluid daily to ensure normal lactation.
It is not recommended for a nursing woman to artificially increase the fat content of breast milk through the use of fatty foods. These actions will not contribute to the speedy saturation of the baby in the process of feeding.
Only a pediatrician can determine the required amount of food, taking into account the individual characteristics of the child.

All parents sooner or later ask themselves, how much should a newborn eat in one feeding? Undernourishment is dangerous for a growing organism, however, overeating also threatens to accumulate overweight. A newborn baby should get enough vitamins and minerals every day that he needs for proper growth and development. After a certain period, parents will be able to feel the needs of the crumbs. You should not immediately resort to supplementary feeding. The baby can at any time change his attitude to food and begin to suckle the breast with great appetite. It is possible to introduce additional dishes into the diet only if the mother is sure that the child does not receive enough milk. Feeding must be organized correctly. In this case, there will be no need to additionally use special mixtures. However, at the first stage of solving the problem, it is necessary to find out how much breast milk the child should eat. This issue should also worry mothers, whose children receive all the necessary amount of vitamins and minerals with an artificial mixture.

The amount of nutrition of the newborn

Immediately after birth, the baby sleeps more, so he needs a small amount of food as food. Scientists say that at a time he can eat only 7 ml. During this period, a woman actively produces colostrum, which has a high energy value. For several days, the baby will be in a weak state, so it cannot actively attach to the nipple. During this period, the volume of the stomach also increases several times.

How much milk a newborn should eat depends on a large number of factors. An important role is played by the state of health and time of day. Moms note that quite often the appetite can change unexpectedly. The child's body itself feels how much food it needs at a certain time.

Breastfeeding should be tried to organize from the first hours of the baby's life. Thanks to this, the baby will be able to independently regulate the volume that he needs in a certain period. For him, not only malnutrition is dangerous, but also overeating. Experts are confident that the probability of the latter situation is reduced to zero at GV. After childbirth, a mechanism is launched in the mother's body that regulates the amount of milk depending on the needs of the baby.

At the same time, parents should know how much milk a child should eat to ensure the normal functioning of all internal organs. The table shows the main indicators of the process. It is convenient to use, and it should always be at hand for mommy. In this case, she will be able at any time to make sure that she is doing everything right.

This method was proposed by Gaybern, and it is aimed at determining how many grams of the product a baby needs to receive daily for proper growth and development. These values may only be used as a guideline for the quantity calculation.

An important role is played by the characteristics of the body of the baby. However, it is recommended not to exceed the limit figures. Quite often, it is overeating that has a negative effect on the body, because against its background the load on the gastrointestinal tract increases.

With proper nutrition, the child quickly gains weight

Artificial feeding: the norm

For how much the baby eats, parents must monitor without fail if he eats mixtures. Additionally, it is recommended to accustom the child to a certain regimen. Mixtures are digested in the gastrointestinal tract of the crumbs much longer. Experts recommend taking breaks of at least three hours between separate meals.

An important role is played by the number of milliliters in the bottle. It must be exactly age-appropriate. You should beware of the commercial move: manufacturers strive to ensure that the packaging ends faster. In this case, parents will be forced to buy the next pack. Children need to calculate the volume depending on body weight. In this case, you will be able to avoid overeating.

How much milk a child should receive daily can be determined according to the formula that has been used in pediatrics for a long time:

The child's age in days must be multiplied by ten. In this case, the amount that the child can eat at one time is obtained.
To calculate a single serving, multiply the child's weight in grams by their height in centimeters. The result obtained is approximately equal to one portion of the baby.

It is quite difficult to calculate exactly how many grams of milk a newborn needs per day. Each of them have their own food needs. It happens that children eat the same way, but they gain weight in different ways. For parents in such a situation, it is important to make sure that the child receives a sufficient amount of food. To do this, assess his well-being and behavior throughout the day. On average, a one-month-old baby should receive a daily daily increase of 150 grams.

You can count how many times a day a child goes to the toilet in a small way. To do this, you should abandon diapers and use only diapers. It is considered normal if the baby gets dirty during the day 12. In this case, parents should not worry about problems in the nutrition of their baby.

How much a newborn eats for one feeding can be calculated by weighing it before and after the end of the process. It is important that at the same time he was in the same clothes. The difference will immediately show how much the baby just ate. A single weighing cannot be taken as a reference. It has been scientifically established that a child can breastfeed many more times than he wants to eat. It should be noted that the frequency is different for artificial and natural nutrition. Objective conclusions can be drawn only if these measurements are made within a certain time. This will take several days.

The volume of the bottle depends on the age of the child.

Breastfeeding: the norm

The lack of breast milk can be avoided if the process is established immediately after the birth of the child. In this case, the need for dairy supplements will disappear by itself. A specialist in breastfeeding will be able to help mom, who always takes into account the individual characteristics of the baby's body.

Based on his experience, he promptly offers a solution to any nutritional problem for a woman. How many times a newborn should eat depends on his age and individual characteristics.

A breastfeeding mother should take into account the following nuances process:

The volume of feeding must be calculated per day. On one process it is impossible to make a general clinical picture.
A child's appetite varies from month to month. In the first days of life, it is generally difficult to track exactly how much the baby drank per day. It is far from always necessary to constantly control the amount - it is enough just to put the baby to the breast more often. He shouldn't be limited by it.
Mommy should be able to feed the baby at any time.
At a time, the child should be able to enjoy not only the front, but also the hind milk. It contains maximum amount nutrient elements. That is why the second breast is allowed to be offered only if the first one is empty. Back milk usually begins to appear after fifteen minutes of active suckling.
Lactation is most nutritious at night. During this period, it is necessary to breastfeed the baby.
Additionally, it should be noted that a woman's fat content and nutritional value of milk may vary. It is almost impossible to calculate these figures.
For up to three months, milk is produced through the action of hormones. A woman may experience disruptions during this period. After a certain time, the body will be able to adapt to the needs of the baby, so a woman should be patient.
From the fourth month, every woman begins to produce the amount of milk that the child needs for proper growth and development. Some mothers think that it is getting smaller. The situation manifests itself in the form of a feeling of emptiness and emptyness of the mammary glands. Don't blindly trust your feelings. Most often, there is a sufficient volume of milk in the breast, but it remains soft. The liquid can also stay directly at the time of feeding. Many women share such feelings.
The nutritional value of the resulting product directly depends on the duration of feeding. It will take a certain period to adjust the feeding regimen, therefore, in case of failure, lactation should not be immediately abandoned. If the amount of milk secreted has decreased, then this means that the woman's body has responded to the needs of the baby.
During lactation crises, a mother may have a problem with milk production. However, the child's body at this moment can also adjust its needs. The woman should continue to offer the baby a breast, in which case the process will normalize within a short time. If the crisis continues for a short period, then it cannot cause serious damage.
How much time should a newborn eat? There is no single answer to this question. The baby must have constant access to the breast, in which case he will be able to satisfy his hunger at any convenient moment.
Pumping does nothing to measure lactation. Next time, he may completely change. It should be understood that each child is individual, therefore, he can spend an unlimited amount of time at the breast. Physiological features do not indicate hunger or malnutrition of the baby.
A woman should not eat special foods to increase the fat content of milk. The main thing is to relax and enjoy the process.

Breast milk is the best food for babies

If the lactation process has been set up correctly, then the baby will be able to get the amount of milk that will be enough for him to grow and develop properly. If in doubt, consult a pediatrician.

The baby was born. A happy mom has a time of worries, worries and worries. The main thing that now worries a mother who is breastfeeding is whether the baby gets enough nutrition, fatty or not her milk?

Breastfeeding

First feeding

Milk after childbirth begins to arrive usually by the fourth day. The baby is brought to the first feeding, most often on the second day. And now the young mother begins to worry that her baby will remain hungry, that there is very little milk. You shouldn't do this for several reasons:

The newborn is still weakly sucking his mother's breast (the sucking reflex is poorly developed), he needs to learn this, so he eats very little.
Colostrum, which is now produced by the mother's body, is fatty and nutritious. It contains everything necessary to ensure the full life of the newborn.
The volume of the ventricle in infants is still very small (on the first day, only about 10 ml), therefore, the amount of colostrum eaten per feeding is also small, about 7 - 9 ml.
It turns out to feed the child 10 - 12 per day, that is, for the first day the baby's norm is about 100 ml of milk.
You should not think that the baby will remain hungry, because there is not enough milk. It will start arriving soon. But unnecessary worries can delay the increase in lactation.

Milk rates in the first ten days

How much milk a baby will eat now depends only on its weight and age. From day to day, the volume of the ventricle in a newborn increases, and the volume of milk consumed increases accordingly.

On the second day, the baby drinks about 20 grams per feeding, the daily dose is 200-240 ml,
On the third - 30 ml (300-340 ml, respectively) and so on.
For a child of the first 10 days of life, you can calculate the required amount of milk consumption for 1 feeding by simply multiplying the number of days from birth by 10.

Nutritional formula for the first 10 days: N (number of days) * 10 = one-time feeding volume in ml.

Accurate scales for measuring the weight of a newborn baby

More precisely, the volume of a single dose of milk consumed can be determined by weighing the baby on a medical scale before and immediately after feeding. The difference between the results of weighing is the volume of milk drunk by the baby. It is advisable to weigh several feedings in a row. Knowing the approximate dose ( see above standards), you will understand whether the baby is sucking his portion or not.

When and how is it better to feed a baby?

After ten days, mommy's milk will stop coming. Now the approximate amount eaten per day will be equal to a fifth of the weight of the baby.

Children's pediatricians have come to the conclusion that it is not necessary to force-feed a child during strictly allotted hours. It is better to wait until the baby himself demands to feed him. Usually this happens 10-12 times a day with an interval of 1.5 - 2 hours.

As a rule, the baby actively sucks the breast for 15-30 minutes, sometimes all 40. It happens that the baby has sucked out all the milk, but continues to suck the breast for some time, either sucking out the last drops of milk, or he just likes the sucking process itself. Don't let him breastfeed for more than an hour.

Table of nutritional norms up to a year

Child's age	The amount of milk eaten per feeding, ml	The amount of milk eaten per day


		20% of the child's weight


		1/6 of the child's weight
		1/6 of the child's weight
5-6 months		1/7 of the child's weight (800-1000 ml)
7-12 months		1/8-1/9 of the child's weight

On artificial nutrition

Everything that has already been said above applies to breastfeeding. What if your child is receiving artificial nutrition? How to calculate the required rate of milk or mixture?

This is where nutrition is important. It is necessary to feed the baby at least 8 times a day.
We calculate the norms, as for breastfeeding, but if the baby eats less often, then the norm can be slightly increased.
The main thing is not to overfeed the child. After all, it is easier to suck milk from the nipple, and the sucking reflex of the baby is highly developed already a few days after birth.
If you feed your child not with milk, but with a milk formula, then everything is even simpler - the dose required for each age is indicated on the package.

For example: Let's use a table. The child is 2 months old, weight - 4800 gr. Daily amount of milk: 4800/6= 800 ml. Dividing by the number of feedings per day, we get a single dose: 800/6 = 130 ml. So, in one feeding, the baby should eat 130 grams of milk / mixture.

Features of nutrition at artificial feeding

Do not worry if the baby ate less than the prescribed norm - in the next feeding, he can eat a little more and get the right amount.
You should know that the ventricle of a bottle-fed baby digests food more slowly, whether it be milk or formula. Therefore, during the day you should feed after 2.5 - 3 hours, the nighttime break in feeding can be 5 - 6 hours.
If the baby wakes up some time after feeding and cries, do not supplement him with more. Most likely, he did not burp air, and his tummy hurts. Hold it upright. As soon as he burps the air, let him fall asleep again.
If he did not drink the whole norm, it is better to let him finish it a little later, when you know for sure that he is hungry.

How to determine that the child is full?

An attentive mother will determine by many signs that the baby is full:

He is calm;
Sleeping soundly;
Good weight gain)
She pees regularly (12-15 times a day) and poops regularly.

When a baby simply cries often, this is not an indicator of underfeeding. Most likely, he is simply tormented by gases and colic.

Breastfeeding

First feeding

The newborn is still weakly sucking his mother's breast (the sucking reflex is poorly developed), he needs to learn this, so he eats very little.
Colostrum, which is now produced by the mother's body, is fatty and nutritious. It contains everything necessary to ensure the full life of the newborn.
The volume of the ventricle in infants is still very small (on the first day, only about 10 ml), therefore, the amount of colostrum eaten per feeding is also small, about 7 - 9 ml.
It turns out to feed the child 10 - 12 per day, that is, for the first day the baby's norm is about 100 ml of milk.
You should not think that the baby will remain hungry, because there is not enough milk. It will start arriving soon. But unnecessary worries can delay the increase in lactation.

Milk rates in the first ten days

How much milk a baby will eat now depends only on its weight and age. From day to day, the volume of the ventricle in a newborn increases, and the volume of milk consumed increases accordingly.

On the second day, the baby drinks about 20 grams in one feeding, the daily dose is 200-240 ml,
On the third - 30 ml (300-340 ml, respectively) and so on.
For a child of the first 10 days of life, you can calculate the required amount of milk consumption for 1 feeding by simply multiplying the number of days from birth by 10.

Nutritional formula for the first 10 days: N (number of days) * 10 = one-time feeding volume in ml.

Accurate scales for measuring the weight of a newborn baby

When and how is it better to feed a baby?

After ten days, mommy's milk will stop coming. Now the approximate amount eaten per day will be equal to a fifth of the weight of the baby.

As a rule, the baby actively sucks the breast for 15-30 minutes, sometimes even 40. It happens that the baby has sucked out all the milk, but continues to suck the breast for some time, either sucking out the last drops of milk, or he just likes the sucking process itself. Don't let him breastfeed for more than an hour.

Table of nutritional norms up to a year

Child's age

The amount of milk eaten per feeding, ml

The amount of milk eaten per day

How much breast milk or formula should a baby eat

Volume of milk eaten baby, depends on the characteristics of development, age and state of health. Most often, mothers of babies who are bottle-fed are worried about this. After all, when feeding, they can clearly control the amount of milk mixture that the baby sucks out, and in which case they sound the alarm. With properly organized breastfeeding, things are more complicated - the child himself regulates the amount of milk he needs and determining the amount of breast milk eaten is no longer so simple. Nevertheless, in both cases, the child must consume the amount of food that corresponds to the physiological norms derived from many years of observation and experience of pediatricians in order to meet the needs of his body.

Average age norms of milk or mixture

During the first attachments to the breast, the baby eats very little. The fact is that for some time after childbirth, a woman does not secrete milk, but colostrum, which has a high calorie content. Even a few drops of it are enough for the baby to eat. It takes a few days for the colostrum to turn into milk. At this time, it is important not to waste time and establish breastfeeding (HF) correctly so that the baby is provided with breast milk for a long time. But not always and not everyone does it without problems, and for a number of reasons, milk may not be enough. The reasons for the lack of breast milk and how to increase its amount, read in this article. The lack of breast milk is understood as its amount below the norm, which is established taking into account the general and individual characteristics of the baby.

Norms for one feeding for infants up to 10 days

On the first day, the newborn eats 7-9 ml of food per feeding. To calculate the amount of food that a child should eat up to 10 days, you need to take the age of the child in days and multiply it by 10. That is, in 3 days for one feeding, the child is supposed to suck out 30 ml of milk or milk formula.

Daily allowances for children under 1 year old

These norms, developed on the basis of a volumetric calculation method, do not take into account the individual characteristics of the child, which must also be taken into account. So for babies with a birth weight of more than 4 kg, this norm may be insufficient, and for small children it is too large.

Norms for a large child at birth and a child with high rates of physical development

How to calculate the amount of formula or milk by baby's weight

To determine how much milk your baby's stomach needs, simple calculations will help, taking into account, in addition to age, such individual characteristics of the baby as weight, height, and health status. When using them for full-term babies in the first days of life, you need to remember that they can give inflated results for the amount of milk.

Children in the first 10 days of life

Finkelstein's formula modified by A.F. Tura.
The amount of milk per day (ml) \u003d Child's life day × 70 or 80, where
70 - with body weight less than 3200g,
80 - with a body weight above 3200g.
Formula N.F. Filatov modified by G.I. Zaitseva(considered the most optimal for calculating this age category of children).
The amount of milk per day (ml) \u003d 2% of body weight × Child's life day.
Formula N.P. Shabalova.
The amount of milk per feeding (ml) = 3.0 × Child's life day × body weight (kg).

For children over 10 days old

Reiche method.
The amount of milk per day (ml) \u003d Body weight (g) / height of the child (cm) × 7.
Calculation method according to Geibener and Czerny (volumetric method). Takes into account the daily volume of milk or formula without additional drinking.

The calorie counting method or the so-called calorie method assumes that a child should consume a certain number of calories per 1 kg of body weight per day. Different literary sources contain different information on this matter. The maximum values are contained in the WHO recommendations, which also take into account the changing age of the child energy value breast milk.

The simplest and easiest way to use this method is to calculate the volume of the milk mixture, since its calorie content is indicated in advance on the package. For information on how to choose a mixture for a newborn, read this article. With breast milk, everything is more complicated. The composition and energy value of breast milk is not constant and changes throughout the entire lactation period. For this reason, in relation to breast milk, this method is more approximate. But still, you can use it, knowing the average energy value of breast milk, which is 53-80 kcal / 100 ml.

Example

Let's say that the volume of the mixture for a two-month-old baby weighing 4600 g is required with a caloric content of the mixture of 680 kcal / l.

Calculation procedure

We calculate the number of calories for a child per day, using the data on the daily need of the child in calories per 1 kg of body weight, for example, according to Maslov V.S.:
Number of kcal \u003d Daily energy requirement of the child, kcal / kg × Child weight, kg.
The number of kcal \u003d 115 kcal / kg × 4.6 kg \u003d 529 kcal.
We calculate the volume of the mixture per day needed by the child:
The volume of the mixture, ml \u003d Number of kcal × 1000 / calorie content of 1 liter of the mixture.
The volume of the mixture, ml = 529 kcal × 1000/680 kcal = 780 ml

When using this method, it is also necessary to take into account the appropriateness of the child's weight for his age.

The amount of food per day in children of the first year of life should not exceed 1000 ml, and in children of the second half of the year 1000-1100 ml.

Regardless of which norms you use, remember that a baby who has had to be supplemented by a mother or who is exclusively on formula should consume the same amount of nutrition as any other baby who is breastfed.

Nutrition calculation for premature babies

The nutrition of a premature baby is made taking into account the needs of the body and the possibilities digestive system, since the energy requirements are very high, and the digestive capacity is not yet sufficient.

The number of calories per 1 kg of body weight for a premature baby in the first days and weeks of life is presented in the table.

From the second month of life, children born with a weight of more than 1500 g, the calorie content is reduced by 5 kcal / kg / day (compared to the first month of life), and in children born with a weight of 1000-1500 g, the calorie content of the diet is maintained for up to 3 months on the same level, as in the first month of life. Then they begin to reduce calorie content by 5-10 kcal / kg / body weight, taking into account the state of health and well-being of the baby.

When calculating nutrition for premature babies, they also use the Rommel formula:

Volume of milk in ml per 100 g of baby's weight = age in days +10

Child age 4 days, weight 2000 g

Daily milk volume = (4 + 10) * 20 = 280 ml
Single serving at 7 feedings per day = 280/7 = 40 ml

The formula is indicative, as following it exactly can lead to overfeeding. Therefore, it is still preferable to use the calorie calculation method indicated above.

Increasing the amount of food in premature babies should be done gradually and carefully. If the baby's condition worsens, then the amount of food should be reduced.
Feeding in the first 1.5-2 months. produced 7-10 times / day. Six meals a day are transferred when the child reaches a body weight of 3 kg. A 6-7 month old baby will be ready to switch to 5 meals a day.

Calculation of nutrition for small and sick children (WHO recommendations)

These recommendations apply to children in the first 10 days of life. Underweight babies are defined as babies born weighing less than 2500 grams. This can include both premature babies and babies just small for their age.

For such children, the volume of milk per kg of body weight should initially be 60 milliliters. Further, every day it is necessary to increase the total volume of sucked milk by 20 milliliters per 1 kg of weight, until the child starts drinking 200 milliliters per 1 kg of weight per day.

Sick children are children who weigh more than 2500 grams and who, due to illness, cannot breastfeed. For such children, the amount of milk should be 150 milliliters per 1 kg of body weight per day.

The rate of consumption of milk or formula for one feeding

A single portion of the mixture should be calculated based on the number of feedings per day. However, here mothers often come to a standstill, not knowing how many feedings to consider the norm. To do this, you can refer to the table in which the number of feedings is given taking into account the age of the child.

How much breast milk or formula should a newborn eat at one feeding: a table with monthly norms

With the advent of a child, along with joy, a lot of related troubles come to the house. What new parents do not have to worry about in order to create all the conditions for a comfortable life of the baby, however, of all the variety of concerns that have appeared for any mother, feeding is in the first place, because the health and general condition of a new family member depends on it.

It would seem that such a simple daily process as feeding is not capable of causing difficulties, but for all mothers it is associated with a lot of anxieties and worries. It is necessary to consider how, when and how often to feed the baby, to control the amount of milk eaten. How much a newborn should eat is influenced by two factors:

type of feeding;
baby's age.

Lactation

The most difficult time during breastfeeding is the first week after birth, when mother and baby are just learning to understand each other and adapt to new conditions. Newborns eat very little and this is quite natural, since their sucking reflex is still poorly developed. They are just learning to eat their mother's breasts and get tired quickly in the process. For a day, a mother can apply crumbs to her breast up to 10-12 times, sometimes more.

It is very important for a young mother these days to remain calm and not worry that the baby may not receive enough milk and remain hungry.

Firstly, in children of the first days of life, the size of the stomach is very small - about 10 ml, therefore, it can accommodate no more than 7-9 ml per feeding (this is about 100 ml per day).
Secondly, during this period, not milk is produced in the mother's body, but colostrum. Nutritious and fatty, it contains all the necessary substances to meet the needs of the baby. But extra nerves can provoke a delay and a decrease in lactation.

The norm of milk for children in the first ten days of life

About 3-4 days after giving birth, most mothers have milk. Now the amount of milk that the baby will receive depends on his age and weight. Every day, the size of his stomach increases, which means that the volume of milk eaten also increases. Already on the second day, the baby drinks 20 ml of mother's milk for one application to the breast, which is 200-240 ml per day. On the third day, this figure increases to 30 ml, that is, the daily rate should be 300-340 ml.

Baby feeding schedule

After 7-10 days, the arrival of milk stops- from now on, the amount of milk that a child usually requires for feeding is one fifth of his weight.

In addition to the amount of milk needed by the baby, mothers are interested in:

when to apply the baby to the chest (we recommend reading: how to properly attach a newborn baby to the chest?);
how often to feed your little miracle;
how long to let the baby suck on the breast (we recommend reading: how long should a newborn suck on the mother's breast?).

Today, pediatricians recommend adhering to an arbitrary regimen: not strictly feed every 3 hours, as they insisted before, but at the request of the baby himself. With this approach, the child can be on the mother's breast 10-12 times a day. The intervals between feedings are 1.5-2 hours.

The usual duration of one feeding is approximately 15-30 minutes. During this time, the baby actively eats the breast and has time to eat. True, there are often exceptions to the rule: for example, if a mother has a lot of milk, a little one can give up her breast after 5-10 minutes. There is also the opposite situation - after eating, the baby continues to remain on the chest for an hour or longer. In this case, he most likely just likes the process itself, but it is better to try not to let the baby stay on the mother’s chest for too long (more than 60 minutes).

Common norms for breastfeeding

Daily and one-time amount of breast milk by months for children under 1 year old:

How do you know if a baby has eaten the right amount of breast milk? To do this, you need ordinary children's scales. The difference obtained by weighing the baby before and immediately after eating is the amount of milk that he got. For a more correct result, such weighing should be repeated several times.

Mothers, especially those with their first child, are very worried about their baby gaining weight, and can weigh the crumbs, if not every week, then 2-3 times a month for sure (we recommend reading: the baby does not gain weight well while breastfeeding) . If the baby is moderately well-fed and healthy, you should not constantly put him on the scales - 1 weighing per month in the hospital is enough.

Nuances with artificial feeding

When a child is an artificial person, the feeding regimen and rules have their own characteristics:

The child should be fed at least 8 times a day (for more details, see the article: what should I feed a child up to a year?).
On artificial feeding, the stomach digests incoming food more slowly. The interval between day meals ranges from 2.5 to 3 hours, and between night meals can reach 5-6 hours.
It is important not to overfeed your baby. During the first days, the sucking reflex will develop well, and sucking on the nipple is much easier than on the breast.
Do not worry if the little one ate milk formula or less than normal milk. At the next feeding he will get right amount by eating more than it should? so there is no need to force feed him the entire norm. Better to wait until he gets hungry again.
If after a short period of time after eating the child begins to cry, there is no need to rush and force him to eat again. He probably has a stomach ache from the air that got in there. Help the baby burp by holding it upright for a few minutes.

Calculation of the daily norm for children on artificial feeding

The task of parents is simplified when the child is not breastfed, but eats formula. Each package of milk formula indicates exactly how much a newborn should eat of this particular mixture. Is it possible to independently calculate the required rate?

Daily portion of milk for artificial children up to 1 year:

How to calculate: how much should a child eat in one feeding with artificial feeding?

The most important issue for young parents is the health of their child. One of the main aspects on which it depends is proper and rationed nutrition.

But sometimes, for one reason or another, it is necessary to give the newborn artificial nutrition. In this case, parents face a difficult task - to figure out how much a small child should eat with artificial feeding.

First feeding

Almost always, milk is noticeably formed in young mothers on the fourth day after childbirth. But the baby asks for food already on the second day. Most parents who have not previously been engaged in feeding children, in this case, begin to worry about whether there will be enough milk.

In this case, there is no need to worry because:

in newborns, the sucking reflex is still almost not developed, so they do not drink much milk; at birth, the first feeding usually takes a few minutes; when the baby learns to properly suck on his mother's breast, he will already have enough milk;
in the first days, the mother does not secrete milk, but colostrum, which has a high rate of fat content and nutrients. A small portion is enough to make the newborn feel good;
colostrum is formed quickly, but in a small amount - for ten feedings within twenty-four hours, the baby will be able to receive a daily volume of milk of 100 milliliters;
newly born children do not need much food;
lactation begins to appear already on the first day, even if after the birth of the baby there was not even a hint of it.

Important! anxiety can lead to stress, which, on the contrary, will negatively affect its appearance.

A woman should not worry that colostrum will negatively affect the baby. Scientists have proven that the substance is mandatory for a newborn. It strengthens the immunity of the baby, and also allows him to grow healthy and strong.

Norms of feeding in the first ten days

The first ten days are the most important for the formation of the baby's body. Proper nutrition allows you to avoid many diseases and problems in the future. To calculate how much mixture a newborn should eat, special formulas have been created. They are calculated from the fact that the baby is growing and developing rapidly, and the volume of the stomach of the newborn is increasing.

The dose should be increased every day:

on the day of his birth, the baby needs at least 100 milliliters of milk;
on the second day - not less than 200 and not more than 240 milliliters;
on the third day - not less than 300 and not more than 340 milliliters.

The next forty-eight hours, the dose of one feeding is 20 milliliters. Every day it needs to be increased by 10 milliliters.

The exact volume can be calculated using 2 formulas:

multiply the number of days of the baby's age by 10;
subtract a certain number from his body weight depending on age.

Table: nutritional norms up to a year with artificial feeding

If the newborn is fed in a standard way, the rate is calculated in a different way. Not real milk or a mixture differs from the mother's in the composition and concentration of nutrients. There is no clear formula that would allow you to calculate how much mixture babies need. The daily volume is calculated depending on the age and weight of the baby.

How much should a newborn eat per feeding

The correct development of the baby is determined by the quality and quantity of milk eaten. To ensure the first indicator, certain conditions are needed - correct menu mothers, good sleep and rest. And to calculate how many grams a baby should eat per day, standard rules apply.

Norm for a newborn

After delivery, the woman's body is rebuilt to a new rhythm. The hormonal background changes, the increased production of prolactin, the hormone of lactation, begins. Rebuilding takes how many days, during this period, only colostrum is excreted in a woman, whose value for a newborn is irreplaceable. The composition of the liquid is nutritious, soft for the unprepared gastrointestinal tract system of the baby, easily digested.

Colostrum is produced as much as a newborn should eat per day - 40-60 ml, for one feeding he sucks out 9-11 ml. But the high calorie content of this food provides full saturation with the necessary substances.

Milk will appear within 2-4 days, so first you need to breastfeed a newborn 9–12 times. The response of the gland to the sucking reflex stimulates high-quality lactation.

The calculation algorithm that calculates how much milk a newborn should eat in one feeding at the very beginning of life looks like this:

Norm \u003d K * 10, where K is the number of days of his age.

Given that in the first 2–3 days the child is applied to the breast 9–12 times, then, on the tenth day, 7–9 times, the norms for how much a newborn should eat at the very beginning of life are summarized in a single table:

Mom cannot find out how much in milliliters the baby ate while suckling, so weighing method is used on the advice of pediatricians. Before giving a breast, you need to use the scales, write down the numbers that they showed, after the meal, do the same. Subtract the first from the second indicator: the difference will show how much the newborn ate in one feeding.

How many times to feed a baby

The baby's organs in the first days from birth are very small in volume, including the stomach, it processes only 0.1 liters of food. With age, the capabilities of the gastrointestinal tract increase, a newborn can consume 0.3–0.35 liters of milk per day from the 3rd day onwards, he asks for breasts less often. Child under the age of one month eats 6-8 times a day.

How much a child should eat at 1 month with proper development depends on established habits, physiological characteristics, but certain conditions must be observed.

feed no more than 20 minutes each breast;
no need to add water;
the nipple should be clasped together with the areola;
apply a posture from under the arm;
before feeding, you need to express the first milliliters.

It is preferable to breastfeed the baby on demand. This will preserve lactation and completely saturate the baby. When discussing how much a newborn should eat, pediatricians advise do not clean up feeding at night. It is at night that a maximum of prolactin is produced, which contributes to the preservation of lactation. Together with night nutrition, 11-12 applications per day will satisfy the child's need for milk by 100%.

Monthly calculation

For the first 30 days, feeding continues on an “on demand” basis, while special algorithms are used to calculate how much a newborn should eat under these conditions. According to one of them, from the 11th day it is proposed to give 0.25 of the baby's body weight per day, gradually adding volume, by 1.5 months to 0.2 of the weight per day (with a normal set). For example, if a child at the age of 30 days gained 4.0 kg in weight, then there should be 800 ml of food per day. Indicators have an error due to differences in individual physiology.

Not a single pediatrician will say with 100% accuracy what the nutritional rate is baby by months for a specific age, they advise using the rules for calculating averages.

Calculation table by months

Gradually, you need to increase the intervals between feedings by 25-35 minutes. By 6 months of age, intervals between meals increase to four and a half hours sleep time up to 8 hours. Popular pediatrician E.O. Komarovsky advises not to give the child a breast as soon as he cried, the reason is not always hunger, discomfort in the body is possible - colic, teething, etc.

When is mixed nutrition required?

If the wet diaper test shows a lack of breast milk, need to supplement. How many grams of artificial milk a newborn should eat depends on the number of remaining dry diapers.

For a single urination of a child up to 3 months, 60 ml of milk is spent. That is, if 4 diapers are not enough to 12, then you need to add 4 * 60 = 240 ml of supplementary feeding per day. How older child, the greater the rate of milk converted into urine. For example, at 5 months one diaper = 80 ml of milk.

Supplementation rules:

Start with half a teaspoon.
Track the reaction in a day.
In the absence of allergies and pronounced colic, introduce supplementary feeding.
The volume per feeding is calculated from the total requirement divided equally by the number of meals.
Formula feed after breastfeeding.
You can completely change to artificial nutrition one-time feeding, without dividing it into a day.

When a baby at 4 months lacks 160 ml of milk, you can in the morning replace the meal with a bottle of formula or add 20–25 ml throughout the day.

Each mother can choose individually how much formula the baby should eat at a time when supplementing. If the missing amount is divided into 2 doses - in the morning feeding and in the evening, and the child tolerates mixed nutrition normally, then this is an individual norm.

artificial feeding

Natural mother's milk is able to adapt to the development of the body of a newborn - the quantitative and nutritional composition changes every month, the range of useful elements expands. The mixture will not adjust in this way, so the human factor is turned on, the mother must calculate and make a menu so as not to overload the baby's gastrointestinal tract with excess carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Methods for calculating the norm

Artificial feeding of newborns is used in 20% of cases immediately after delivery. You can calculate the rate using the volume indicators per day, which were mentioned above. But, since the mixture is absorbed in the stomach longer, the number of attachments to the breast and the volume of the mixture at a time will decrease.

Volume. It is calculated as natural nutrition, but since there will be fewer requirements, you can increase a single intake by 20 grams. It is necessary to monitor weight gain monthly: if the norm is exceeded, stop adding volume.
high calorie. To calculate how much mixture the baby should eat, the calorie content of the product is taken into account. For one kilogram, normal nutrition should give the child 120 calories up to six months. For example, with an indicator of 700 kcal / l for a child weighing 4 kg, you need 120 * 4 = 480 kcal. Then (480 * 1000 / 700 = 685 ml of the mixture is needed per day.
Age. The calculation was proposed by one of the first pediatricians in Russia, Shkarin A.N. The age of 2 months is taken as the starting point, and the norm of this age is 0.8 liters. For each of the first 8 weeks, the norm is 0.05 liters less than 800 ml, and for each subsequent month after two - 0.05 liters more.
For chubby babies. In the first 30 days, give 800 ml (the maximum allowable volume), each next add 0.05 liters per day, by six months a day, the norm will approach 1 liter (the minimum required).
By height and weight. The calculation was proposed by the professor of pediatrics Reich at the beginning of the 20th century.

S - daily rate;

Artificial feeding of newborns should be completely exclude "grandmother's" advice on eating goat or cow's milk from the first days. There is so much calcium and phosphorus in the composition of such products that children's kidneys cannot cope with the removal of these elements from the body. The result - complications in the development of the skeletal system, genitourinary, vascular.

Feed with a nipple with a small hole to develop the sucking reflex, avoid overeating.
Buy a hypoallergenic adapted mixture.
Do not focus on sterilizing the bottle, just wash it well with hot water.
Do not give vitamin D, it is enough in the mixture.
Drink water between feedings, 50 ml each.
Give preference to feeding by the hour.
Break 3-4 hours;
You don't have to wake up your baby to eat.