Before the onset of cold weather, owners of private houses and cottages think about the question - how to keep warm and save on energy resources?
The answer in this case is obvious: you need to insulate your house. For these purposes, heat-insulating materials (heaters) are used.
Thermal insulation materials are used for insulation:
The walls consist of two or three layers. Reinforcing layer - it bears loads, made of a material with high compressive strength, such as a brick or concrete wall, thermal insulation layer - protects against heat loss, made of a material with very good insulating properties, such as polystyrene, mineral wool, outside or inside and outside protective layer- protects the insulating material from mechanical damage and moisture. Overlaying samples in a two-layer wall.
Building layer fixing layer - attached to the insulation layer and other layers with adhesive resin based on synthetic resins or cement, thermal insulation. Samples of layers in a three-layer wall. Very important in the insulation of the walls of the building is the exclusion of the so-called. thermal bridges, most often found at the junction of balcony panels with the ceiling, in walls where there are wreaths and lintels, as well as around windows and doors.
- Wall, outside and inside.
- Paul.
- Inclined roofs.
- Various pipelines.
Materials, based on the type of raw materials, are divided into:
- Organic.
- Inorganic.
- Mixed.
Organic materials are obtained from the processing of peat and wood. But they have a low degree of moisture resistance. Inorganic - a product of the processing of slag and rocks by melting. The most common materials of this type are mineral wool, glass wool and polystyrene foam boards (foam foam). Mixed type - these are heat-insulating materials based on asbestos mixtures.
The error of the roof allows you to keep the heat in the building. The roof structure must take into account the laying of thermal insulation of several layers of mineral wool or polystyrene and the laying of a vapor barrier layer. Important - as in the case of walls - is the elimination of thermal bridges.
Do-it-yourself foam insulation
The outer covering can be made of ceramic tiles, sheet metal or sheet metal. It must be resistant to moisture. A vapor-permeable film is used as an additional coating. Interior decoration usually made of drywall. Before winding on the inner surface of the roof, the roof must be protected with a vapor barrier.
Let's take a closer look at polystyrene foam products. They are suitable for those who prefer environmentally friendly materials.
Professionals are often asked the question: Absolutely harmless because modern technologies production does not use freon. These products are produced by foaming polystyrene foam granules with CO2 (carbon monoxide) or refrigerant.
Heat loss from the ground through the floor and walls adjacent to the ground is between 3 and 15% of the total heat loss of a building. That is why proper thermal insulation of these elements is so important. On the floor, two basic floor solutions are mainly used: concrete floors or floor beams.
Floors on a concrete basis. . The correct layout of the flooring should look like this. Native soil, compacted sandy soil with a thickness of min. 15 cm, thin concrete with waterproof insulation as required, warming from slab thickness min. 10 cm, layered one-sided, 4 cm thick concrete base laid directly on slabs or on foil with plants. The application of the film depends on the consistency of the poured concrete and floor conditions.
Note: houses built of wood cannot be sheathed with foam. The high density of the material will contribute to the accumulation of moisture under it and this will lead to rotting of the tree.
Technical characteristics of penoplex:
- The material is durable, as it is produced without the use of organic components.
- It is not afraid of moisture, does not decompose and is not subject to decay processes. The service life ranges from 40 to 50 years.
- It has a low degree of thermal conductivity, which makes it possible to store heat very efficiently.
- A high level of vapor permeability allows, together with ventilation, to create a healthy microclimate in a house built from any material.
- The temperature range varies from -50 to 75 degrees Celsius.
- Wide range of applications. From wall insulation country house to the insulation of the foundation.
- Possibility of self-assembly due to the low weight of the plates.
- There is no possibility of spontaneous combustion. Under the influence for a long time high temperatures the material just melts.
It is important that the floor slabs are under the bottom of the beam floor. To do this, it is important to keep the gap between the floor and the insulating layer min. 1 cm, which ensures the durability of the wooden floor. Remember to install a joystick between the boards and pads to reduce sound transmission when laying the board. The most commonly used floor solution on joist beams is to position the joists one way at the same level, filling the space between them. mineral wool. Wooden beams have several times less thermal insulation than mineral wool.
Take note: for internal insulation, penoplex is better to choose a thinner one - it is easier to work with it.
Detailed information about technical specifications penoplex you will learn from.
Variety of species
These are thermal bridges through which heat penetrates into the ground several times faster. We recommend using double bars. This minimizes the number of thermal bridges and increases the energy efficiency of the floor on the ground. Windows are always lower than all windows. Windows should be located above the wall of the south house, and the number of the north side should be limited.
In energy-efficient buildings, the heat transfer coefficient of windows is several times higher than the penetration coefficient of external walls. Therefore, in these buildings, the window surface should be chosen, and those with a low heat transfer coefficient should also be used. It is very important to install windows and doors correctly. In two-layer walls should be as close as possible to the edge of the wall, in a three-layer, in a warm plane, and not in the wall of the building.
In our market, two types of extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) or foam plastic are now the most common:
- technoplex;
- polyspen.
Technoplex was developed by Technonickel. Its production is carried out using nanotechnology based on graphite particles. This allows you to further increase the strength and level of thermal conductivity of the material.
Then it is necessary to carefully fill the gap between the window frame and the wall opening with high-quality polyurethane foam and fix it in accordance with the principle: "the inside of the window should always be tighter than the outside." Insulating the window from the inside will prevent moisture from entering the window's insulation layer from inside the house. It can be made using a vapor barrier or an expansion joint and neutral silicone. FROM outside use vapor permeable film or expansion tape that increases its size to fit uneven wall surface.
Most often it is used for external insulation of the facades of private houses and for the arrangement of underfloor heating. (You can find an overview of technoplex and penoplex heaters).
Note: if heat losses are large and it is required to lay insulation in several layers, then it is better not to use technoplex.
Polyspan has a very low flammability and increased strength. It is best to use it for warming the foundation, load-bearing structures and for arranging various pavement(for example, airport runways).
This layer allows the simultaneous release of water vapor that may accumulate in the insulating layer of the window. This assembly will provide long-term, permanent thermal insulation of this building part without heat loss. In energy efficient buildings, due to the need to be independent of external conditions and the purpose of extracting heat from the air removed from the premises, mechanical ventilation is required. Therefore, the windows in these buildings must be airtight. The air flow is carried out by supply air grilles.
Many energy efficient buildings use roof windows. They should be as good as the windows in the walls, with good thermal insulation and tightness. Blinds help reduce heat loss by an average of 7-8%, and in addition to summer, they protect the room from the adverse effects of sunlight. Uninsured homeowners will not only pay high fuel bills, but may also have trouble selling them. An energy certificate issued by a licensed auditor will discourage potential buyers.
Warming of cottages and houses from the outside
If the owners are faced with the question of how to insulate the house - from the outside or from the inside, then it is better to study the recommendations of specialists. They advise to carry out thermal insulation work from the outside. This method allows you to protect the walls from both the effects of rain and snow, and from heat loss.
When warming outside is not recommended
To adapt the building to the present requirements and make it attractive in the future, it is not enough to renovate it. You must resolve the issue of isolation. However, there are exceptions to this rule. Here are three situations in which it is better to forget about warming the walls of the house from the outside.
Thermal insulation materials are used for insulation
When a building is entered in the register of monuments; when the facade is so beautiful and original that it would be a sin to cover it; When the house is part of a building or twin, and the neighbors do not intend to warm their part. In the latter case, isolating the facade fragment will not lead to the expected result.
The walls of the house are heated from the inside. Heat moves to the outer edge of the walls, and is kept inside by a layer of insulation. In addition, the use of a heat insulator from the outside allows you to save the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.
Having chosen the brand of penoplex, you can begin to prepare the walls for sheathing with insulation. Expanded polystyrene plates are mounted on the wall using a special compound -. The wall should be slightly rough for more reliable contact between the surfaces. You can additionally fix the foam boards with dowels. After the glue has completely dried, you can proceed to the final finishing of the wall surfaces.
When Building Insulation Makes Sense
Building insulation only makes sense if all walls are thermally insulated from the bottom up. Plates left without heating will be thermal bridges. It is thanks to this very valuable warmth that you will find The best way go outside the building.
What kind of warming would like to plaster the facade?
It consists of a thermal insulation material - usually mineral wool or polystyrene - and building chemicals - glue to fix the insulation, plaster primer, thin-layer plaster, facade paint. In addition, there are a number of additional products without which it would be difficult to properly and aesthetically warm up and finish the construction - insulating pins, corners to help corner separation, bottom strips. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to heat and heat chemicals. Often the system only determines which thermal insulation boards and what additional items need to be purchased to ensure that the system meets the technical approval.
AT recent times the process of wall insulation, both new and long-built houses, is gaining more and more popularity. At the same time, the building acquires an important advantage - it is the saving of energy used to heat the room. After all, the materials used for wall insulation have high thermal insulation, and as a useful side effect high sound insulation. Today, wall insulation from the outside with foam plastic is one of the most popular types of insulation. This is due to the properties of this material. Penoplex is the Russian name for extruded polystyrene foam, better known among the population as polystyrene foam.
Sam offers only the chemical part of the system. Wool and often polystyrene also require anchoring, i.e. additional mechanical fastening to the wall. Dowels will always be needed if the house is high or the substrate does not have a large enough load. Of course, old plaster that has fallen or started to crumble must be removed from the walls before reheating. On the warm-up there is a hard mineral substrate, reinforced with a reinforcing mesh. On such a prepared substrate, theoretically, you can put any plaster.
Therefore, if we replace it with traditional cement-lime plaster, we will lose the warranty on the system. This change doesn't make much sense. Thin-layer plasters have several types, they have different textures and colors. Traditional plaster is most similar to thin-layer mineral or silicate plasters, smooth. Acrylic or silicone plasters also, although a little less. In addition, thin-layer plasters can be decorated with a lamb or bark texture. Although thin-layer plasters are mass-coloured, they should be finished in addition to the paint with facade paint to unify the color of the facade.
It is used for wall insulation outside foam plastic due to the following characteristics:
- very low coefficient of thermal conductivity;
- low water absorption;
- lack of vapor permeability;
- compliance with all sanitary standards;
- resistance to mechanical stress;
- long service life;
- resistance to decay and mold;
- ensuring fire safety.
Due to these properties and a very low price, penoplex is most often used to insulate walls from the outside. Depending on what material the main walls of the building are made of, the process of insulation has certain technological features.
The choice of thermal insulation material
This is especially true for mineral plasters. It is also important to choose a thermal insulation material. Usually mineral wool or polystyrene is used. If there is a risk of condensation in the wall or in the wall, there is a ventilation slot, it is better to choose wool because it is permeable. When silicone plaster, silicone or thin-walled plaster is chosen, the exterior walls will be able to breathe, i.e. leave water vapor behind.
What kind of insulation do you prefer to have a facade made of wood or panels?
The old plastered facade can be covered with other materials after warming up. The solution would be to heat up the walls using the dry method. No mortar or paint is used here. We fix the insulation on the wall with pins. First, the grille is fixed to the wall - wood or metal - to which the cladding will be attached. A few centimeter ventilation gaps are then allocated between the lining and the warming, most often mineral wool, to allow air to dry the bottom of the liner and remove excess water vapor penetrating the wall.
How to insulate a brick wall from the outside with foam
The process of insulating brick walls from the outside with foam plastic does not require any special skills and devices, but requires compliance with a certain sequence of actions. First of all, brick walls must be leveled with any means of plaster. Then you should correctly measure the area of \u200b\u200bbrickwork, which will be subjected to insulation, and acquire strictly required amount foam boards.
To warming brick wall outside the house with foam plastic, it qualitatively performed the function assigned to it, plates 50 mm thick should be used. Penplex slabs are attached to brick walls with a special adhesive. The adhesive should be applied directly to the wall and the fixed foam board. In addition, heat-insulating tiles are additionally fastened with fixing fungi. In this case, the following calculation is used: for one square meter five fasteners are installed.
After that, you need to let the glue dry for three days. After this time, a mesh of nylon reinforced thread is applied over the foam, on which another layer of glue is applied, trying to apply the mixture as evenly as possible. After waiting for complete drying, putty should be applied. In this case, the putty layer should be made thicker than usual.
Upon completion of this process, the wall is ready for final stage, that is, applying a facade primer and painting. By insulating a brick wall, we protect brickwork from atmospheric influences, protecting bricks from dampness and premature destruction, as well as increasing the internal temperature of the building by an average of 5 degrees.
The process of insulating a brick wall from the outside with foam plastic is not complicated and does not require any special building skills, but when performing it, one should take into account the fact that each next stage of insulation should begin after the previous layer has completely dried.
How to insulate wooden walls from the outside with foam
Often, the owners of wooden log cabins or cottages think about insulating the walls of their buildings, because the tree is quite breathable. construction material, therefore, in order to protect as much as possible from the effects of weather conditions, it is necessary to insulate the wooden walls from the outside with foam. But when insulating a wooden building, it should be borne in mind that when installing an insulating layer, moisture coming out of the internal rooms of the house can accumulate on the walls and lead to the formation of mold, therefore, in the process of insulating the wooden walls of the house from the outside with such heat-insulating material as foam, you need to clearly follow the process.
First of all, you should carefully examine the external condition of the walls, be sure to assess the condition of the joints between the bars or logs. If necessary, caulk the joints again with standard tools, such as hemp, or use mounting foam.
Then, vertical boards are nailed to the walls, strictly observing the distances between the ends and the center, relying on the fact that the foam boards will lie tightly between the bars. The boards should be nailed in such a way that they all lie in the same plane; if necessary, protruding parts can be cut off from the log walls.
After that, wooden bars should be fixed in the middle of each board, placing them on edge. Thus, a frame is assembled to secure the insulation. The height of the resulting frame should be identical to the thickness of the insulation boards, and the distance between the vertical bars should be half a centimeter less than the width of the foam board to ensure a tight fit. After the frame is ready, you can install the plates, and it’s worth starting from the bottom up. With a properly executed frame, the slabs will hold without any additional support, but if there is a miscalculation somewhere, then the slabs can be attached using wedges or nails. The main thing to pay attention to is the absence of any gap between the plates.
After all the plates are installed, a special diffusion membrane is attached to the wall, which protects against excess moisture, but allows the wall to breathe. When attaching the film, strictly follow the instructions attached to it. The membrane is mounted horizontally over the frame, observing the overlap. The film is fixed with a construction stapler, and all joints are glued with adhesive tape.
Now the walls are ready for exterior decoration. For these purposes, it is most convenient to use thin-layer plaster, siding or lining.
Insulation of wooden walls from the outside with foam plastic is an excellent solution to the problem of preserving walls from external influences and increasing their thermal insulation properties. When performing this process, the observance of all technological operations in a certain sequence is a necessity.
The general technology of wall insulation from the outside with foam plastic and its features
In modern construction, preference is given to external facade insulation, using the most modern heat-insulating materials, to which we include foam. Despite the structural differences in the walls of buildings, there is a common technology for insulating walls from the outside with foam. Compliance with all technological stages during construction work, insulation of external walls with foam plastic guarantees an excellent result and a long service life.
At the preparatory stage, it is worth ensuring the evenness of the outer walls, since it is this characteristic of the wall that makes it possible to perform high-quality insulation. In addition, the walls, if necessary, should be cleaned of fungus, mold, salt growths, using special chemical compositions. All parts that will be coated with foam must be treated with specialized compounds that protect against premature corrosion. Yes, for everyone metal parts anti-corrosion agents are used, and surfaces with an increased moisture absorption coefficient are treated with specialized primers.
Surface leveling can be done in three ways:
- by applying plaster;
- by selecting the thickness of the plates used;
- using special pads.
At the end of the preparatory process, you can proceed directly to the installation of heat-insulating plates. First, specialized basement profiles are attached, which are designed to support the foam from below and protect the lower edge from external influences. Then they make calculations and cut the necessary plates, and also prepare glue. For gluing foam boards, Hot glue is most often used.
The gluing of heat-insulating boards should be started from below, installing on the plinth profiles, and the glue is applied to the surface of the plate and the wall. To ensure high-quality fastening, additional dowels or specialized fungi are used.
The final stage of warming is decoration exterior walls with plaster or siding.
The process of insulating external walls with foam plastic is very useful and affordable, both financially and in technical terms. But at the same time, it requires strict adherence to technology throughout the process.
