What is the standard for small windows. What is the size of modern plastic windows?

A bright room always seems more habitable and comfortable than one into which the sun's rays do not look. The function of windows is precisely to provide the desired level of natural light. A standard window opening has dimensions that best meet this task and do not jeopardize the integrity of the entire house.

What is GOST?

In order not to endanger human health and life, not to endanger the environment, plants and animals, and in order to protect public and private property, special standards for goods and products have been developed. The abbreviation GOST is the abbreviation for state standards. The compositions, methods and production technologies recommended by them until 2011 were mandatory requirements.

Since September 2011, compliance with GOSTs has been made a voluntary procedure. Technical regulations began to form the basis of the new standardization system. But when it comes to the life and health of people or the preservation of the environment and property, then GOSTs must still be strictly observed. Standard sizes of window openings also fall under the category of mandatory and unchanged values.

If we talk about construction work, then, in addition to GOST, when building residential buildings, it is customary to focus on another type of document. SNiPs are building norms and rules that regulate urban planning activities.

Why know the standards?

Replacement wooden windows on PVC structures - a large-scale process launched throughout the country. Advertising booklets of various companies often contain a schematic image of a window or a balcony block with a price indication. And it’s not at all a fact that the width or height shown in the diagram will at least approximately resemble the dimensions of the openings in your house. That is why the departure of the measurer is a prerequisite when ordering plastic windows. The fact is that for brick and panel houses built in different time, there is a significant variation within a single standard window opening.

Knowledge of GOSTs will also be required during the construction of a private house. The height and width of window and door openings may differ slightly from state standards, but following these recommendations is the key to the safety and comfort of future housing.

Stalinka, Khrushchev, Brezhnevka: how did the standards change?

The renovation of the housing stock, unfortunately, is not being carried out at the speed with which the inhabitants of old houses of pre-revolutionary construction would like it. But at the beginning of the 20th century, they built thoroughly, so many objects with high ceilings, thick walls and large rooms will stand for a long time. Those who decide to install plastic structures in such houses should be aware that the standard window opening in them has the following dimensions:

• window with 1 sash - 85 × 115 cm or 115 × 190 cm;
• construction with 2 wings - 130 × 220 cm, 115 × 190 cm, 150 × 190 cm;
• openings for a window with three sashes were made in one version - height 240 cm, width 210 cm.

The construction period from 1930 to 1960 was marked by the erection of beautiful brick houses. The bas-reliefs and stucco on the granite or plastered facades looked monumental, corresponding to the rooms with large footage and high ceilings.

Typical building 1950-1985 - the complete opposite of the "stalin". Three-five-story panel or brick buildings were distinguished by small rooms. The low ceiling height completed the feeling of a narrow space. The standard window opening in them changed its size depending on the building material (brick or panel blocks).

Improved in layout, the Brezhnevka was supplied with convenience elements in the form of elevators and garbage chutes. Nine-story houses, depending on belonging to one of the three series, could have different window openings.

Table 1. Standard sizes of window openings in houses of the Stalin, Brezhnev and Khrushchev eras

Dimensions of window openings in typical new buildings

Modern developers are building houses in more than 40 series. Naturally, the width and height of window and door openings will be different. Sometimes the difference is 1-2 cm, but in some cases it reaches more than 20 centimeters. Dimensions are regulated by one general GOST 11214-86, and discrepancies in the height and width of doorways, as well as windows, depend on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. It is clear that in a spacious room with high ceilings and in a small bedroom, the required level of illumination will be obtained through different openings.

Returning to GOST 11214-86, it should be noted that the recommended window dimensions are 87-267 cm wide and 116-206 cm high. According to him, in modern new buildings, the parameters of doorways fit into two standard widths: 72 and 87 cm.

Table 2. Standard window openings in houses of modern construction

Is there a standard for PVC windows?

The technology for the production of plastic windows does not limit the manufacturer in size and shape. Non-standard window openings are successfully glazed with PVC structures. There are certain nuances, but they are associated with design features windows, profile capabilities and the weight of the double-glazed window.

For example, even blind doors with an area of ​​​​more than 1 m² are not recommended to be made without an impost. The profile of such glass will withstand, but under its own weight it will sag and collapse.

For hinged sashes, it is necessary to observe the proportion according to which the height must be significantly greater than the width. Otherwise, even the most durable fittings will not work.

With all the many possibilities that manufacturers of PVC structures declare, it should be remembered that any deviation from the standard sizes or shapes of window openings inevitably leads to an increase in the cost of the product. Therefore, typical window models for both private and apartment buildings will always be much cheaper.

If you plan to install or replace windows, you need to make measurements correctly. Typically, this service is offered to organizations that install window blocks and balcony doors. But sometimes it is required to independently determine the dimensions of the window: when building a private house, if the housing is far away, outside the city, etc.

If there is no knowledge and sufficient experience in such work, you should use the appropriate documentation, where you can find out standard sizes window openings.

Standard dimensions

The height and width of the block, its type, design features, as well as the dimensions of the balcony door - all these parameters are regulated by GOST. The document indicates the dimensions of window blocks for different objects: a residential building, a public building.

The difference between them will be significant, since the height of the ceilings and the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room are very different. But the document specifies that the sizes of windows for private housing can also be used when creating a project for a public facility.

The width of the window unit for apartments and houses varies from 57 to 207 cm, and the height: from 56 to 176 cm. There are two types of single-leaf structures: 57 and 87 cm (width). Double windows: 117, 132, 147 cm (width). Three-leaf versions: 177 and 207 cm (width).

How to determine the size of the window block?

Independent determination of the parameters of window openings and structures of various types (plastic, aluminum or wooden) is usually performed in two cases: when it is planned to replace old windows or a private house project is being drawn up.

How to properly measure windows in width

To correctly measure the opening, you must adhere to a number of rules:

1. measurements are taken from inside and outside the premises;
2. during work, you should use the building level;
3. after measuring the height and width of the opening, you need to subtract 5 cm and 3 cm from the obtained values, respectively, from this stock 1.5 cm will go to the mounting foam on the sides and top, and 3.5 cm remains from the bottom to install the window sill.

If construction is planned in the future, then in order to draw up a house project, it is necessary to determine the approximate dimensions of the openings. Ratio total area of all openings to the floor surface area in the room will vary depending on the purpose of the room, for example, for a bedroom and a living room - 1: 5; for the hall - 1:4.

The height of the window is determined from the corresponding table and depends on the height of the room. The width of one block is approximately equal to half of its height. All parameters are adjusted in the process based on regulatory documentation.

Standards for window openings for apartments

Various apartment buildings have their own differences and are characterized by a certain configuration of apartments. Some of the more common options are:

1. Old fund - buildings of pre-revolutionary times (beginning of the 20th century). In such apartments, the walls are quite thick, the ceilings are high, respectively, the windows also differ in height. The standard dimensions of window openings with one sash are: 1150x1900 or 850x1150 mm. Designs with two wings: 1150x1900, 1500x1900 and 1300x220 mm. Blocks with three wings: 2400x2100 mm.
2. Apartment buildings "Stalinki". In terms of characteristics, such apartments are in many respects similar to housing in the houses of the old fund. Outwardly, the "Stalinka" are distinguished by the richness of the finishes: granite, stucco, bas-reliefs. Due to the large area of ​​the rooms, bivalve and three-leaf blocks were used, respectively: 1150x1950 or 1500x1900 mm for the first option, 1700x1900 mm for the second.
3. "Khrushchev" were built in the period 1950-1985. The peculiarity of such housing: apartments of the same type, small rooms, simple facade decoration. For brick houses, the dimensions of double-wing structures: 1300x1350 mm. Three-leaf blocks: 2040x1350 mm. If the building is panel, then the dimensions are different: double-leaf structures - 1450x1500 mm, three-leaf structures - 2040x1500 mm.
4. "Brezhnevka" - improved: the presence of an elevator, a garbage chute, premises larger area. For houses of different series, the standards are different:

• 600: with three wings - 2380x1130, 2380x1420 or 2690x1420 mm;
• 602: double-leaf block - 1450x1210 mm, three-leaf - 2100x1450 mm;
• 606: with two leaves - 1450x1410 mm, with three - 1700x1410 mm.

1. Modern buildings. There are 40 series, the most common are:

• 137: double-leaf block - 1150x1420 mm, three-leaf - 1700x1420 mm;
• 504: double-leaf design - 1450x1410 mm, three-leaf - 1700x141 mm;
• 606: double-leaf block - 1410x1450 mm, three-leaf - 1410x1700 mm.

The parameters are relevant for structures of any kind: plastic, aluminum, wood.

Size standards for private housing

When designing a house, including the determination of sufficient sizes of openings, a number of factors are taken into account: the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, its height, as well as the level of illumination. The main recommendations for calculating the dimensions of windows were discussed above.

You should also use the regulatory documentation, according to which you can choose the dimensions, based on the recommended value ranges for the width of the opening and its height, respectively: 87-267 and 116-206 cm.

Standards for the production of PVC profile windows

Different companies are engaged in the production of plastic window blocks. But only reliable manufacturers take regulatory documentation as a basis for the manufacture and installation of various structural elements (fittings, double-glazed windows, profiles). Specifications for profile systems are stipulated by GOST 30673-99, 22233-2001, 30973-2002.

Regulatory documentation for fittings: GOST 30777-2001, OTU GOST 538-2001. Specifications for double-glazed windows and assessment of their durability: GOST 24866-99, 111-2001, 30698-2000, 30733-2000, 30779-2001.

GOSTs regulating window sizes

For structures of any kind: plastic, aluminum or wooden, the relevant regulatory documents are: GOST 11214-86, 23166-99. In them you can find information about the dimensions of window blocks of various types and for installation in different objects, marking, technical requirements for such structures. The dimensions of the balcony door blocks are also presented there.

It is only necessary to do this in accordance with certain rules and as carefully as possible. For accuracy, you should use the regulatory documents, which present the standard parameters of window blocks of different types.

The design of buildings for any purpose is carried out taking into account certain window sizes depending on the requirements of the necessary lighting of the rooms. The data of the indicator of illumination depend on the dimensions of the building, its purpose, the level of natural light and other factors. Also of great importance is the ability of the window block to transmit light into the room.

The ratio of room size and window size is determined by a generally accepted formula based on established building codes and regulations. These standards define the permissible value of the lighting coefficient in public and residential areas located north of 45 degrees and south of 60 degrees latitude. For example, if the building is located north of 60 degrees, then a factor of 1.2 must be applied. If the building is located south of 45 degrees north latitude, then the illumination should be determined using a coefficient equal to 0.75. The indicators are calculated with the condition of mandatory window washing, depending on the location of the building. So, it is necessary to clean windows in buildings located not in polluted areas of the city at least 2 times a year, and in buildings located in industrial areas, windows should be cleaned at least 4 times a year. In addition, the ability of a window opening to transmit light is affected by the number of glasses and the distance between them. Since the light rays are refracted and absorbed (if there are more than 2 glasses in the frame), the illumination in the room is significantly reduced.

During the construction of certain buildings, standard GOST for window sizes. However, in some non-standard cases, indicators may be adjusted. Depending on the type of window frame, standard window sizes are distinguished for:

• double glazing window unit;
• triple glazing window unit;
• single glazing, terrace frames.

In accordance with GOST 11214-86, 23166-99, standard sizes of window openings with a height of 60 are established; 90; 120; 135; 150 and 180 cm and 60 wide; 90; 100; 120; 135; 150 and 180 cm and provided for humidity of 8-12%.

Standard window sizes consist of a set of section elements and glasses directly. For example, if a standard window unit with a width of 1320 mm, a side section of 85 mm and an average section of 130 mm, then the width of the glass in each casement must be at least 525 mm. At the same time, approximately 7.5 mm of glass should be included in the window trim on all sides. After carrying out simple calculations, it turns out that the apparent width of the glass is 510 mm. The standard size of the window opening also depends on the construction of the walls and the dimensions of the quarter. Below are tables of typical window sizes with approximate prices.

Table 1. Standard sizes of single-leaf windows.

Table 2. Standard sizes of tricuspid windows.

Table 3. Standard sizes of double-leaf windows.

Schematic representation of one-, two-, and three-leaf windows.

Sizes of windows in residential premises.

It happens that in the same panel house they differ by 10-15 cm. In such situations, you have to forget about standard sizes and, to measure the size of windows, you need the help of a qualified specialist. A two-leaf standard window must comply with the following dimensions: height 1300 mm and width 1400 mm, for a three-leaf window the standard size is: width from 2050 to 2070 mm, height 1400 mm. It is to these indicators of standard window sizes that it is necessary to equalize during the construction of residential buildings in order to avoid difficulties with possible further replacement of windows.

In Khrushchev window size depends on the width of the window sills. In cases where the window has wide window sills, the size is 1450 mm by 1500 mm for two leaves, and 2040 mm by 1500 mm for three leaves. Narrow window sills suggest window sizes for two sashes 1300 mm by 1350 mm and for three sashes 2040 mm by 1350 mm.

For calculating the size of skylights, in addition to the standard parameters, the angle of the roof slope is taken into account. There is a pattern, which consists in the fact that the height of the window directly depends on the flatness of the roof. The distance between the rafters should be at least 4-6 cm wider than the window frame.

Despite the fact that in one typical house they may not coincide, based on the type of house, you can roughly determine the size of the windows. In addition, the angle of incidence of the sun's rays is of great importance in determining the window dimensions.

Sizes of plastic windows.

PVC windows can be of any size and be absolutely of any complexity. AT recent times, the trend has become fashionable to make plastic windows very large sizes. Such windows look very impressive and beautiful, but it is worth remembering practicality and durability. For example, in order for the structure to last as long as possible, it is better not to make an opening sash with an area of ​​​​more than 900 square meters. mm. Deaf sashes should not be made more than 1000 sq. mm. this limitation is due to the fact that, as a result of increased load, the double-glazed window does not deform in a short time.

Modern technologies make it possible to make a plastic window of non-standard sizes, taking into account all wishes. However, custom-made windows will cost more than standard ones. Whether such spending is justified depends entirely on window opening size.

Before buying window structures, it is very important to determine the exact dimensions of the plastic windows that you will install. This will avoid difficulties and problems during their installation. Turning to the company "Windows R", you will receive the services of a professional measurer absolutely free of charge. If you already know the required dimensions, then when choosing products from our catalog, you can also determine the approximate cost of a plastic window based on its dimensions. Our innovative option will help you in this matter - cost calculator. In it, you can specify all the necessary parameters, after which the program will quickly calculate and issue an approximate amount, which will cost the manufacture and installation of a window or balcony structure.

Today, there are standard sizes of plastic windows, the same for all manufacturers. However, these standards are only advisory in nature, so their performance may vary. If you have certain skills in this area, you can try to determine the size of the windows yourself. Measurements must be carried out not only from the outside, but also from inside and also measure the depth of the window opening. Do not forget that the old design may be skewed over time. Accordingly, the dimensions of the new product must be increased at the point of skew.

GOST standards for PVC windows include requirements that the dimensions of the structure exceed the width of the opening by 3-4, and the height - by 1.5-2 centimeters. This makes it possible to provide the double-glazed window with the most durable and hermetic placement, avoiding the occurrence of through cracks. In the event that the measurements were carried out inaccurately and the usual dimensions do not meet this requirement, then in this case the installation of additional profiles will help you. They are attached to the structure, fixed on special latches. In addition, when measuring windows, it is necessary to take into account additional elements that will affect the overall picture - these include window sills, ebbs and even mosquito nets.

In the assortment of our company, a wide variety of plastic windows are available, the dimensions of which can also be special. Moreover, we manufacture products to order, with atypical dimensions - if the client so desires. However, standard window sizes are the most successful, so most of our products include just such models. The most important advantage is their very affordable price, which is achieved due to mass production. We also know exactly how much PVC and fittings will be required for a particular product, so you will not need to order the services of a measurer for each item separately.

The cost of plastic windows largely depends on their size. It's no secret that standard models are much cheaper to manufacture than others. Therefore, when building or repairing a house, apartment or office space, it will be useful to know the standard sizes of window openings. This will help you choose the right window parameters and calculate the approximate cost of glazing.

Standards for window openings in apartments

Typical sizes of windows in multi-storey buildings depend on the series of the house. Consider the most common options.

old fund

This is the name of houses built at the beginning of the 20th century, before the revolution. They are distinguished by thick walls, spacious rooms and corridors, high ceilings and, as a result, high window openings.

A standard single-leaf window in an old fund can have dimensions of 115 × 190 cm or 85 × 115 cm.

Two-leaf designs can be presented in one of three options 115x190 cm, 130x220 cm or 150x190 cm.

Three-leaf windows in the old fund are of the same type - 240 × 210 cm.

Stalin-type houses (Stalinka)

Buildings built in the period from the 1930s to the 1960s are usually very beautiful in appearance. They are distinguished by strict architecture, high ceilings, large rooms and kitchens. Such houses were built of brick, faced with granite on the outside, or plastered, often used stucco molding and bas-reliefs.

Due to the large size of the rooms, single-leaf windows were not used in stalinkas. Bivalves were made in two versions - 115 × 195 cm and 150 × 190 cm, three-leaf - 170 × 190 cm.

Khrushchev

Model houses built from the 1950s to 1985. They can be made of panels or bricks, have low ceilings, poor sound insulation, and small interior spaces. From the outside, the Khrushchevs look the same - with flat roofs and without decorations on the facade. In height - from 3 to 5 floors.

The size of the window opening in Khrushchev can be determined by the width of the window sill. In brick houses with wide window sills, a double-leaf window, according to the standard, should be 145 × 150 cm, a three-leaf window - 204 × 150 cm. panel houses, where the window sills are narrow, the dimensions of the openings will be, respectively, 130 × 135 cm and 204 × 135 cm.

Brezhnevka

These are apartments of an improved layout, more spacious than the housing of the Khrushchev period. Houses can reach 9 floors, and are always equipped with elevators and garbage chutes.

There are several series of brezhnevkas, the typical sizes of windows in each of them differ.

• In the 602 series - a double-leaf window should have a size of 145 × 121 cm;, a three-leaf window - 210 × 145 cm.
• In the 606 series, the opening for a double-leaf window is 145x141 cm, and 170x141 cm for a three-leaf window.
• The 600 series is characterized by large window openings. According to the standard, a three-leaf window in such a house could be 238 × 113, 238 × 142 or 269 × 142 cm.

Typical new buildings

Modern new buildings are very diverse. There are about 40 series of such houses, and the standard sizes of window openings for each of them are individual. Here are the most common sizes in centimeters.

• 504 - two-leaf 145 × 141, three-leaf 170 × 141.
• 137 - double-leaf 115 × 142, three-leaf 170 × 142.
• 504D - two-leaf 142 × 110, three-leaf 142 × 203.
• 505 - two-leaf 141 × 145, three-leaf 141 × 203.
• 600 - three-leaf 142 × 268, 110 × 236 or 142 × 236.
• 600.11 - two-leaf 141 × 145, three-leaf 141 × 205.
• 606 - two-leaf 141 × 145, three-leaf 141 × 170.

The above data can be used for approximate calculations of the cost of glazing an apartment or house. There are frequent cases when even in one house the sizes of windows can differ from each other and from the requirements of GOST by 10-15 cm. This is most often observed in panel houses. Therefore, to calculate the exact price of a plastic window, it is still better to call a measurer. But standard sizes will help you navigate the future costs.

Standards for window openings for private houses

The dimensions of window openings and balcony doors are determined by such a regulatory document as GOST 11214-86. In accordance with it, the height and width of the window should be determined based on the area of ​​​​the room and the required level of illumination in it. Also, when determining the size, the architectural features of the structure itself play a role. According to GOST, the width of a window opening in a residential building should be in the range from 87 to 267 cm, and the height - from 116 to 206 cm.

One of the main indicators, on the basis of which the dimensions of window openings are determined in GOST, is the coefficient of natural light (KEO). Its values ​​are prescribed in SNiP P-A862, separately for each region. The data of this SNiP take into account that window panes must be cleaned at least twice a year, and are valid for regions located from 45 to 60 degrees north latitude. For houses located to the south, KEO in the calculations must be multiplied by 0.75, for the northern regions - by 1.2.

GOST also offers variants of formulas for calculating the area of ​​windows with several glasses in double-glazed windows, glazed with frosted or figured glass, and for other non-standard options. When building your own home, it will be useful to use these data. If creating a full-fledged project with calculations using formulas is not included in your plans, you can calculate the size of the windows using a simplified scheme. The same GOST recommends making window openings with an area of ​​​​at least 8 times less than the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room.

Where can I find the standard sizes?

The standard dimensions of window openings, in addition to the above-mentioned GOST 11214-86, are also established by GOST 23166-99. It describes the requirements for window structures, their types and markings, as well as the standard sizes of window openings for various series of residential buildings. Typical window heights, in accordance with these documents, can be 60, 90, 120, 135, 150, 180 cm; in width, GOST recommends making window openings of 60, 90, 100, 120, 150 or 180 cm.

Window openings in the attic usually try to make as much as possible. When choosing their sizes, it is necessary to focus on the slope of the roof. The smaller it is, the higher the opening you can afford. As for the width, GOST recommends that when choosing it, pay attention to the distance between the roof rafters. The window box should be 4-6 cm less than this value.

Undoubtedly, large windows in the attic look very impressive. But you should not make their doors larger than 90 square centimeters in area. Otherwise, the window design will turn out to be very fragile and will quickly fail. Even if you are planning blind doors, without the possibility of opening, this advice is worth heeding. Double-glazed windows with an area of ​​​​more than 100 square meters. cm experience a large load only from their own weight and are very quickly deformed.

Standards for the production of plastic windows

Modern plastic windows can be very different. Technologically, nothing prevents the manufacturer from making a window structure of any size and shape. But even here there are certain rules that should not be neglected.

So, in the pivoting sashes of a plastic window, the height should be several times greater than the width. For opening flaps, on the contrary, it is important to choose a width value greater than the height of the window. Blind sashes, as we said above, are not recommended to be made more than 1000 sq. mm, in order to avoid breakage of the double-glazed window.

Although there is an expression among manufacturers of plastic windows that non-standard windows have long become the standard, the implementation of structures for openings that do not comply with GOST requires special accuracy and careful study. Therefore, when ordering such windows, be prepared for the fact that their cost will be noticeably higher than standard models.