Sketches of slotted carving. Do-it-yourself wooden carved window frames

Fabulous beauty that has come down to us from the depths of centuries. It is visible to everyone on the old, beautiful, chopped houses, decorated with interesting carvings of architraves with openwork patterns and rich kokoshniks located on the roof, and delights many modern people. You can admire such beauty for a long time, but creating it yourself is very not an easy task. However, with a great and irresistible desire, you can do carved architraves on windows (templates) with your own hands.

The problem of creating platbands from wood

The question is not that you need the skills of a real artist or imagination to create geometrically correct, interesting, ornate patterns. The problem is more that products made from natural materials, such as wood, are rather short-lived due to the influence of external factors. The disadvantage of wooden architraves and carving elements is that they are able to retain their original appearance for many decades if they are stored in dry rooms inside the house. And the humidity on the street will quickly provoke the tree to warp, crack and, possibly, even cause chips to appear in places where the carving is thin. Any paintwork is inferior to exposure to ultraviolet rays, and rain only exacerbates the overall picture. This leads to the need to paint the product every year, constantly spending money on coating and spending a lot of time on labor. Not to mention the fact that you will have to repair or even replace such do-it-yourself carved templates for these products can be made from various materials.

Why You Shouldn't Use Wood

This moment can cause difficulties, but do not get upset ahead of time. There is always a way out, how best to create a cozy and pleasant atmosphere and improve the appearance of the building. Modern technologies made it possible to create many materials that are more resistant to environmental influences. At the same time, they can be found in abundance in all hardware stores. You can, for example, use flat iron instead of wood. With it, you can make durable and no less beautiful carved platbands on the windows in this case, you need it in the same way as in the manufacture of this element of decor from wood.

flat iron

Flat iron or sheet, as it is commonly called, given the factory classifications, is a thin tin, the thickness of which is approximately 0.4-0.7 millimeters. In the store you can find rolls of this material from 20 to 50 meters. The width of such a roll according to the standard is 1025 centimeters. It is customary to cover this material with various colors, and you can find both light and dark tin. In addition, each sheet of iron is covered with a protective film, which allows you to maintain the original characteristics during transportation and prevents scratches and dents.

Necessary materials

To independently make carved flat iron (templates can be seen in this article), you will need the following materials and tools:

• First, you need a flat sheet of iron (tin), which will have a standard width of just over a meter.
• Secondly, you need a roll of cheap wallpaper. They are used as an aid in making carved platbands for windows with your own hands. Stencils for wall decor and other patterns are applied specifically to the wallpaper, and only then to the material.
• A set of paper clips with which you can fix the templates. Their fixation will help to more accurately and evenly transfer the pattern with a pattern to the surface of the material from which do-it-yourself carved platbands will be made on the windows. Sketches for creating blanks can be found quite easily and are just as easy to use. In addition, they will be needed when you need to fix the finished parts with each other.
• Connecting brackets. It should be noted that their size should not exceed 4 millimeters.
• An ordinary pencil for drawing a pattern and the necessary notes.
• Eraser: after all, there is a possibility that the first time the pattern may not turn out perfectly even.
• A ruler to better measure all surfaces and determine the accuracy of patterns.

• Drill, the diameter of which will be 8 millimeters. It will be needed in order to create holes for the jigsaw. This will happen in those places where the upper carved platbands on the windows will be cut off. Templates, photos of which we could use as a basis for stencil blanks, we no longer need at this step.
• Drill, the diameter of which will not exceed 4 millimeters. With its help, holes will be created that are necessary in the place where the riveted joints of the parts will be.
• Hacksaw for metal.
• Sandpaper, and both fine and medium are useful. It is needed to eliminate the burrs that inevitably form during the work.
• Riveting machine (manual) and a hammer, preferably rubber. By means of these tools, the blanks will be straightened.

The subtleties of the process of manufacturing platbands from tin

Before proceeding with the creation of carved platbands for windows, high-quality window slopes should be made and installed. This is necessary for taking the correct dimensions and in order to make carved platbands on the windows with your own hands. Drawings can suggest how to do it correctly. This is done taking into account the protruding edges of the slopes entering the walls. After all dimensions have been taken, it is worth calculating the characteristics of future platbands. The standard width of this product is approximately 30 centimeters.

Next, you need to choose any smooth roll of wallpaper in order to make carved trim on the windows with your own hands from it (templates, of course). When a sample pattern is selected, three "patterns" will need to be prepared. One of them will be longer, it is needed for the side symmetrical parts, the second and third, respectively, will be shorter for the top and bottom of the window.

Create a template

The cut strips must be folded in half, and so that when drawing a sketch, the center of the pattern corresponds to the place of the fold. This manipulation will save time and reduce the likelihood of errors when creating a template.

The fact is that during the cutting of the pattern, both halves of the template will be immediately created, in other words, this will allow you to create perfectly even and regular carved trim on the windows with your own hands. In this case, pattern drawings will not be used as often as with a separate drawing of each part of the workpiece.

Workplace and materials

To create the perfect workplace for further work, you need to move two tables together, the height of which will be the same. Between the tables you need to leave a gap, which will be about 8 centimeters. This distance is necessary for the operation of an electric jigsaw. For the manufacture of platbands, metal of two colors is required. This combination is the easiest option. You can change this setting if you wish.

As an overlay top color, for example, choose white. It is on it that the patterns will be cut. As the second layer, you can choose a material of any color, since it will still not be visible, since it is used exclusively as a lining under the outer layer of the product, which is called carved window trim. We make templates with our own hands, we recall once again.

Creation of platbands from sheet iron

You need to take a sheet of flat iron and cut it into strips to create platbands of the desired width. You should turn the blanks of the upper overlay part face down, and also make a flip to the reverse side after securing the template with paper clips. After that, the openwork pattern is transferred to the material.

After the picture is displayed, you will need an electric drill with a drill with a diameter of 8 millimeters. It is necessary to drill through holes and start sawing the casing with a saw and a jigsaw. Next, you need to put the iron strip on the table, and it is important that it is located clearly in the center of the table. This will allow you to cut out the drawing clearly and evenly without compromising the overall picture.

Create a bottom stock

After the upper part has been cut out, you can proceed to the next step, which is responsible for creating the lower part, which will serve as the background. To do this, you also need to cut the material into strips with the necessary characteristics of width and length. At the same time, do not forget that the part will have a border, that is, the width of this pattern should exceed the indicators of external blanks. The ideal option in this case would be to increase the width by about five centimeters. We reverse the sheet so that the front side is on top. Next, you need to put the upper blank of the casing on this part, which is located face down and circle the outer edge along the edge of the pattern, taking into account the indent, and after that you can start cutting out the part.

Completion of work with blanks

After both blanks have been prepared, you need to remove the protective film from them and put them on top of each other. After that, the parts should be fixed with paper clips. Next, one or more holes should be made with a drill with a diameter of four millimeters. Using a manual riveting machine, you need to make a control coupling of parts, thereby preventing their divergence. Having carried out this action, you can start drilling and riveting the entire structure. Everything - the product is completely ready for use. You can start next stage- install carved platbands on the windows with your own hands. We made templates for them earlier.

Installation of platbands

In order to carry out the installation of platbands, first you need to find a ladder or stepladder, along which you can get to the windows. To install products on a wooden wall, you will need:

• A hammer.
• Small nails, the length of which does not exceed six centimeters.
• Mounting syringe.
• Liquid silicone for mounting. At the same time, it must correspond to the color of the casing, or else be completely colorless. It will be needed to cover the gaps that have arisen.
• A small artistic brush, as well as paint that matches the color of the product, with the help of these tools, the nail heads will be painted so that they do not spoil the look of the architraves.

To carry out the installation of platbands on a wall, which consists of stone, you will need:

• Electric drill.
• Drill with a diameter of 4 mm with a pobedite tip.
• Screw plugs. If they are not available, you can cut wooden ones yourself and hammer them into holes.
• Mounting syringe.
• Liquid mounting silicone, the color of which will either match the color of the product, or it will be transparent so as not to spoil the appearance of the structure.
• A small art brush, as well as paint to match color scheme products. With the help of these tools, the nail heads will be painted so that they do not spoil the appearance of the product, which is called "carved window trim". Do-it-yourself templates can be postponed until the next occasion.

The final stage of work

It is necessary to fit the trims close to the edges of the window slopes that protrude, and fix them to the wall. After that, you need to eliminate all the cracks and irregularities using silicone. After bringing the product into an aesthetic appearance, the work can be safely considered completed.

Based on the information above, it is immediately clear that it is quite possible to create carved platbands for windows with your own hands. Templates - simple or complex - can be found or also made by yourself. Therefore, using even minimal skills and imagination, it is quite possible to ennoble the appearance of the building without spending a lot of money and time.

Beautiful things are the weakness of every person, and if they are made with their own hands, pride in oneself overwhelms the senses. It is to such creativity that woodcarving can be attributed. How original and unique your house looks with carved architraves, where the owner put a particle of his soul into the work.

What is a cashier? It looks like a decorative overlay and is mounted with outside windows and is an ornament where a decorative technique is used.

It can be:

1. Plants showing unity with nature.
2. The sun, located on the kokoshnik, personifies energy and life.
3. Earrings indicating the hospitality of the owner of the house.
4. The cross, symbolizing the harmony between the spiritual and material world.
5. A bird that speaks of the unification of all time.
6. A snake representing fertility and wisdom.
7. Wings, confirming strength and power.

Platbands are different in style, material, shape. They are the completion of construction, which emphasizes the individuality and style of the home. And at the same time, they perfectly mask all the flaws of the opening (slit).

Application area

Widespread use of framing around various openings has found itself in doors and windows. The location of the slats can be both on the outside of the street and indoors.

Basically, platbands of the same type are installed, but the thread may differ. And at the same time, a common theme is preserved. For example, in a children's room, the plank will be with a bunny. Flowers are carved around it. Then in the kitchen a bear cub should also be framed with the same flowers.

Now plastic double-glazed windows are considered a brand. Some people manage to put a wooden plank on them. In this case, you need to paint it in White color Or choose a double-glazed window made of wood.

The slats around the window opening perform some functions:

1. Combine all the buildings in the yard into a single style.
2. Reduce heat loss.
3. Protect from dust and litter, moisture, draft.
4. Increase sound insulation.
5. I emphasize the uniqueness of the residential building.
6. An opportunity to express the traditions of the region, family, country.
7. The ability to visually stretch and expand the house.
8. They complete the building.
9. Close the mounting seams.

In the time of our ancestors, the owners of houses firmly believed that the slats on the windows had not only a beautiful and original look, but also were protection from the evil eye and evil spirits. Therefore, they paid close attention to their manufacture, and tried to perform only in a unique form.

Kinds

The product can be a colorful luxurious carving or have a modest shape. The lower part of it is called a “towel”, the upper one is called a “kokoshnik”.

If we consider the platbands by material, they can be from:

• tree;
• metal;
• plastic;
• foam and polyurethane;

By form:

• drop-shaped;
• curly;
• semicircular;
• flat;

Before starting work, it is worth stocking up on templates or stencils of carved platbands, without their help it is impossible to achieve an excellent result. And to perform your work without them is available only to a master who has been working on wood carving for more than one year.

You can get stencils for today freely - these are in stores, magazines, and the Internet.

They can be applied to any pattern that the customer or the master wishes. Contours of plants, figurines of animals, ornaments of geometric lines and figures are very popular.

The style of the product can be different, and here the most unusual fantasies of the performer are realized.

How to do?

Photoshop stencils

Stencils are made in different ways:

1. With the help of a graphic editor. The desired image is located and processed by Photoshop. Every computer has the Paint application, it is used for editing, coloring and drawing. By visiting this page, you can design personal images ranging from simple to complex projects. It is possible to add text and various elements to existing picture files.
2. Photocopies. A picture is selected that you really liked and when copied, it immediately increases to the desired size. The second option is to scan and print the sample on a printer.
3. By hand. It uses the technology of scaling (copying) and by cells (linear scaling).

Thread making

We make a template from cardboard, the size should be natural. A personal template is made for all elements of the drawing.

Now, you need to lay it on the board and circle the outline with a pencil.

We outline the places for the holes. Let's say you need to cut a leaf. To begin with, a hole is drilled, then a leaf appears with a jigsaw. Following the holes, we make all the internal patterns, then move on to the external ornament.

There is a copying method for drawing a picture. Here we use carbon paper. We trace the drawing through it onto the board and get a pattern on the wood.

Required tools:

• sandpaper of various numbers;
• jigsaw;
• drill with a set of drills;
• a set of chisels;

Instruction:

1. We make the pattern the same on all windows. To do this, use a stencil or sketch.
2. We place the drawing on the workpiece correctly, where we place all the elements not across the fibers, but along. That will not allow the thread to crack.
3. We paint over the slotted areas with a pencil.

Wood carving is done in two ways:

1. Invoice. In this option, we use a thinner workpiece, then the work is simplified. Here we make separate elements, which we will then fold on a single board.
2. slotted. In this case, we make a cut through, we get a kind of lace, which is exquisite and beautifully frames the window.

Platband installation

Creating a beautiful product is one thing. But properly fixing it to the window is another.

Aesthetic appearance, and long service life closely depends on the quality of installation of platbands.

There are two ways to attach to wooden windows:

1. Through spike. The method is simple and not very reliable. Spikes should be installed in places where they will be invisible. This provides additional moisture protection.
2. Silent spike. The spike goes into the casing. Whereas a hole is drilled in the frame for it. It is necessary to lubricate the spike with glue and bring it into the groove. Fastening is considered difficult, but it is more reliable than the first method.

mount on plastic window made with liquid nails, in order to avoid violating the integrity of the structure.

Walkthrough:

1. We take measurements from the window.
2. Choose a type of wood and dry it well. The choice of width and height does not play a big role for carved platbands, the main thing is that the thickness is 3 cm. This is if the thread will be slotted, for the invoice - 1 cm.
3. We process the tree with sandpaper, starting with coarse-grained, and at the end with zero.
4. Cut out stencils.
5. We take a simple pencil and apply a drawing or pattern on the front side of a wooden surface. We paint through the cuts.
6. Let's start cutting out the pattern. Let's start right away with through holes. Where the jigsaw will enter, it is advisable to use a drill for a more accurate cut.
7. The holes are carefully processed with sandpaper.
8. To remove dust from blind holes, use a vacuum cleaner.
9. When using overhead thread elements, we fasten them to nails without caps. And, for reliability, let's go through the glue on the back side.
10. Now take a damp rag and wipe the pattern until the area is completely dedusted.
11. The finishing operation will be considered a stain, with which we will tint the platband or cover it immediately with varnish.

1. If you are just starting to work on a stencil on a platband pattern, you should choose a simpler pattern with large shapes. How smaller drawing, the more difficult it is. It is good to try elements of the pattern from through holes.
2. Open elements are cut with a jigsaw.
3. Beech, larch and oak are expensive and difficult to work with, but they have a long service life.
4. The easiest to process is a material such as linden.
5. The material most commonly used is pine.

Old Russian architecture is invariably associated with carved platbands on the windows. This form of design of houses is distinguished by species diversity. A few decades ago, craftsmen with their own style of creating decorative elements lived in each region. Today's return to the roots is accompanied by a revival of interest in window decoration using carved platbands.

Framing purpose

The very word "platband" speaks of its location - "on the face", that is, one of its functions is to decorate the facade of the building. Therefore, people tried to express their individuality through it and decorate the windows with carved frames. In addition to the decorative role, window trims primarily perform a constructive function, closing the gap between the frame and the opening. This prevents dust from entering the house, protects against precipitation, drafts and extraneous sounds.

In the old days, carved platbands were also attributed magical properties. It was believed that framing a window with a certain shape of a bar protects from the evil eye and serves as a kind of amulet. Therefore, various figures and plants bearing a specific semantic load were seen in bizarre patterns.

In modern architecture, the functional purpose of platbands for windows is as follows:

• A well-chosen carved design allows you to visually stretch a low building or expand a narrow wall.
• The opportunity to show individuality and decorate the building in accordance with the trend of a particular era.
• Allows you to achieve a single architectural ensemble between all the buildings on the site.
• Protection of cracks from the penetration of external negative factors (precipitation, noise, dust).
• It is one of the elements of thermal protection of the house.

Remark ! Sometimes platbands are the only option for framing a window. This mainly concerns wooden log cabins, when the use of other materials is unacceptable due to the loss of harmonious appearance.

Carved finishes, especially those made of wood, have a number of features that should be taken into account during the period of operation:

• Dependence on the influence of atmospheric factors. Moisture and temperature changes invariably damage the decorative design.
• When choosing a frame, you should take into account the properties of the rock from which the platbands are made, and take care of high-quality processing. Timely preventive measures extend the life of the product for the window.
• Difficulties often arise when combining wooden carved elements with modern plastic frames. With this combination, it is preferable to install windows that imitate a wooden texture.

The value of carved elements

The desire to live up to ancient traditions requires knowledge of the meaning various elements carved platbands:

• The sun, as a rule, is placed on the kokoshnik. It symbolizes life and energy.
• The personification of wisdom and fertility lies in the image of a snake.
• The symbol of harmony between spiritual and material aspirations is a cross in a carved platband.
• The feeling of unity with nature is emphasized through vegetation.
• Earrings testify to the hospitality of the owners of the house.
• The connecting element of all times is the silhouette of a bird on the window.

Characteristics of materials and forms

For the production of platbands on windows, natural and artificial materials. Traditionally carved elements were made of weather-resistant wood. Characteristics of the properties of individual breeds will help determine the most suitable type:

• Larch is minimally susceptible to decay processes, but is not suitable for the production of carved frames due to its fragility.
• Aspen, alder and linden are the most convenient species for creating openwork decor on windows. However, the malleable and soft wood of carved architraves needs special treatment due to its ability to absorb moisture well.
• Oak, ash or beech window trims are resistant to negative weather conditions, but the processing of carved elements is burdened with difficulties, overcoming which you will get a durable decor.
• A good choice would be birch or pine wood, which allows you to perform a neat carved decor. At the same time, the platbands have sufficient strength for external use.
• Small carved window decorations, which are fixed on the main elements, can be made from cherry or apple.

Advice ! Regular updating of the coating of wooden architraves with waterproof paint or varnish will ensure their long service life.

What other materials are used in the production of linings for windows and what are their features, we will consider below:

• Laminated MDF allows you to accurately simulate the color of any type of wood, but is intended exclusively for indoor use.
• Plastic windows are harmoniously combined with platbands made of similar material (PVC), which is not subject to decay, has a wide color palette, resistant to solar radiation. The color of the platbands is selected taking into account the finishing of the house to match or contrast with the facade.
• For round windows, polyurethane products are ideal, characterized by lightness and unpretentious care.
• Metal strips are fixed in order to protect the mounting seam, connecting them into a single whole with a profile box.

There are two main ways to install platbands:

• Invoice - the most common method in the design of windows. For fixing, special glue or nails are used.
• The telescopic method involves the L-shaped form of manufacturing the casing, which allows you to fix the product by entering the grooves of the box. It is most often used for finishing doorways. Its characteristic difference is the absence of traces of fasteners.

Patterns and types of thread

The carved forms of the architraves give the window individuality, but in order to make them, you will definitely need templates. The presence of woodcarving skills allows you to choose a complex ornament. If the ability to work with wood is not enough, it is better to find a light pattern for window trim. We suggest exploring:

• variants of templates of single elements and their general appearance;
• top, bottom and side decoration details.

You can copy them completely or add your own details to the pattern. The picture of the carved platband you like or its fragment must be scaled up taking into account the size of your window. For the manufacture of carved patterns fiberboard, thick cardboard or paper is used. It is desirable to decorate windows with platbands with the same thread. Please note that it is much more difficult to make small carved elements, and they become unusable faster than others. In this case, a partial replacement of the frame will be required.

Warning ! Be sure to take into account the slope at the top of the carved casing. This will prevent the accumulation of snow and ensure timely drainage of water.

The upper part of the window casing is called a kokoshnik, the lower part is called a towel. The contours of plants, images of animals and geometric figures were most widely used in the ornamentation of carved architraves.

The key details of the drawing for any window trim are:

• lower bar or window sill;
• vertical rail;
• top bar.

The scheme can also contain all kinds of hangers, flowerpots or a diadem. Detailed description the names of carved decor elements are shown in the diagram below:

If your windows are of different sizes, experts advise making a drawing with an intermediate repeat repeating required amount once. For rapport, you can choose one or two elements that repeat alternately. An example of such a scheme is shown in the photo below:

There are several ways to make a wooden carved frame on the windows:

• Slotted platbands are characterized by the greatest decorativeness and delicacy. The product is made of light-colored wood or is subsequently coated with white paint. This window design on a darker wall looks sophisticated and elegant, vaguely reminiscent of Vologda lace.
• With overhead threading, separately cut parts are fixed to a solid board by gluing or nailing. This technique allows you to arrange a window with a simple casing. Protruding elements are often covered with contrasting paint.

Sometimes both types of thread are combined.

Manufacturing process

Having decided on the pattern, material, type of thread and method of fastening the platbands, you can directly proceed to the manufacture of carved framing for windows.

Important ! Drawing on the workpiece needs correct placement. To prevent cracking of the thread will allow the location of the elements along the fibers of wooden blanks.

Places of the pattern where it is necessary to make cuts, it is better to mark with color. The work on the manufacture of platbands consists of the following stages:

• Taking measurements from the window.
• For slotted carving, boards with a minimum thickness of 30 mm are selected, the overhead method allows the use of wood with a thickness of 10 mm. All work is done with dry lumber.
• Blanks are cut out.
• For a snug fit of the carved casing from the inside, the wood is selected to an insignificant depth (1-2 mm).
• The pattern applied using the template is cut out. To form holes, drills of various diameters are used, a jigsaw is needed to make cuts. To make a beautiful cut, the entry point of the jigsaw is marked with a drilled hole.
• All carved elements of the platband for the window are cleaned with sanding paper. Wood dust is removed from blind holes with a vacuum cleaner.

Laid on thread provides for fastening finished elements to a wide casing on nails with removed caps. Strengthen the strength of the connection will allow glue applied from the wrong side of the casing. The use of self-tapping screws is not recommended due to the risk of damage to the carved section of the connection.

Carved platbands are installed on wooden windows using deaf or through spikes. The first option is distinguished by a reliable connection and a complex installation process. The second method is simpler, but less reliable. The installation of carved elements on a plastic window is carried out using liquid nails.

Preliminary protective treatment of carved architraves and regular preventive care will ensure long-term preservation of the attractive appearance of the window.

Putting platbands on the windows with your own hands is the easiest and cheapest way to give the exterior of the house an individuality and express its character, which has survived from antiquity to the present day, see fig. In the old days, an illiterate newcomer, guided by the architraves, could find the dwelling of the necessary master, specialist, official, office or hot spot. In our time, the functions of window trims are predominantly decorative, but the patterns on them have not lost their significance, see below.

Story

Architraves on the windows of the dwellings of the peoples who practiced mass wooden architecture appeared simultaneously with the windows “glazed” with fish bladder and mica. Initially, their purpose was purely functional: to cover the insulation and wind insulation - caulking - in the gap between the window and the frame.

Architraves with sacred patterns were first noted among the ancient Celts, but the true flowering of the art of creating carved architraves is associated with the unification of the resurgent Russia under the rule of Moscow and the overthrow of the Mongol yoke; Russian masters in wood carving knew no equal. The Bolsheviks wrote down the architraves in the remnants of the philistinism and declared a war of destruction on them, but at present, artistically designed window architraves are experiencing a rebirth.

This article is intended, as far as possible, to satisfy the reader's demand for how to make beautiful trims on windows with your own hands, how to give them artistic expression and install them in place.

Design

Types of structural design of window platbands are shown in the photo. Overhead platbands (pos. 1) are attached to the wall; plug-in, or box-shaped (pos. 2) - to the slopes of the window opening of windows (this is better) or in the window frame (worse). Overhead platbands are placed on the windows flush with the wall; inserted - on windows in niches.

According to the possibilities of isolation and protection of the window insulation, the platbands are divided into framing (pos. 3) and portal, pos. 5. The platband-portal is often supplemented with a visor. The platband-frame practically does not protect the window insulation/seal from blocking and is placed on windows from the inside or on windows overlooking a canopy, for example, on a veranda.

Installation

Traditionally, the installation of platbands is carried out by fastening to a wall or window slopes. Now for this it is best to use self-tapping screws (4.2-6) x (80x150), if the wall is not wooden - in propylene dowels. Attachment points are placed as evenly as possible at the rate of 1 point per 5-7 square meters. dm surface of the clypeus, outlined by its outer contour. When attaching to slopes, the attachment points are placed in a row with a step of 150-300 mm (depending on the mass of the casing, which, in turn, depends on its artistic performance, see below) along the center line of the protruding part of the bearing (base) wall. Holes with fastener heads are either hidden in the tie of the upper levels (see below), or they are puttied and painted over with the main tone.

Platbands-"telescopes"

In modern houses, insulated from the outside and sheathed with siding / clapboard, windows are often flush with the base wall, otherwise the window will sink into the wall altogether. In this case, there is nothing left to fix the casing, except for the window frame. In such a case, the so-called. telescopic architraves, but quite reliably they will hold only on windows in reinforced frames designed for regions with a harsh climate; frame material - reinforced PVC or modified wood (see below), does not really matter.

All the "telescopicity" of the platbands comes down to installing them on additional elements cut in place, rigidly connected to the window frame. The most reliable are the platbands on the groove extensions, on the left in fig. Telescopic architrave systems with a groove in the frame (for example, on the right in the figure) are not intended for outdoor installation: a gust of wind can break the architrave, breaking the frame at the same time.

If the window frame is modern wooden or PVC with a groove for the key, telescopic architraves can be installed to such a window without removing it. If a PVC window with a wall with an inaccessible base surface is not intended for installing a trim, then there is no other way out than to remove the window, put a box under the trim in the opening, attaching it to the base wall, and reinstall the window. In this case, the platband box must have grooves that fit into the places where the window anchors are attached.

Wood for architraves

Carved architraves require wood that is suitable for carving - fine-grained, viscous, fairly dense - and resistant to outdoor conditions. The best species for this are oak and beech, but they are quite expensive. Linden, alder and aspen are suitable after 2-fold impregnation (the first impregnation - until seepage through) with a water-polymer emulsion; oil, silicone and mineral (borax solution) impregnation from decay does not increase the viscosity and surface strength of wood. Birch is absolutely unsuitable: from the outside, no impregnation will save it from being attacked by fungi.

Note: a magnificent carved platband is very simply obtained from the cheapest plywood, twice impregnated with a water-polymer emulsion. For more information about plywood trims, see the end.

Shield for platband

Sometimes one board is not enough for the desired width of the casing, but fastening 2-3 boards into a shield with steel fasteners in this case is a gross mistake. The wooden shield on the steel outside will soon split, then the fasteners in the gap between the casing and the wall will rust and crumble. But it is also impossible to assemble boards into a shield for a casing in a furniture way without additional reinforcement, because a cabinet or table is not designed to withstand strong winds, rain and snow. They rally the shields from the boards for the platband. see also fig. below:

1. A plastic film is spread on a table or workbench with a 3-fold margin along the width of the future shield;
2. The boards are folded into a bag on a film and glued with PVA or waterproof wood glue;
3. When the glue sets, the package of boards is wrapped with a film;
4. Plywood cheeks are placed under the package in the film and put on it;
5. The package with cheeks is tightly wrapped with a linen cord;
6. Pairs of wooden wedges are knocked under the turns of the cord so that the cord is pulled as tight as possible;
7. After 2-3 times of complete drying of the glue, the cord, cheeks and film are removed;
8. From the underside (back side), the shield is additionally reinforced by stuffing 40x20 bars laid flat across the boards.

Note: boards are assembled into a package, observing the rules for alternating the orientation of the layers of wood, as well as furniture boards, see on the left in fig.

Not a tree

Wooden unpainted platbands do not look good on any non-wooden wall, even if its material imitates the colors of wood well. In such cases, it is better to either put simple PVC platbands complete with the window (on the left in the figure), or more expensive polyurethane platbands, the rest of the pos. in fig. Polyurethane platbands can imitate external stucco and painted multi-level cut-out platbands (on the right in the figure); the latter option can be prefabricated on glue from elements purchased separately.

Arts are different

Artistically designed window trims can be made, firstly, framed (pos. 1 in the figure below) or in a salary, pos. 2; functionality, i.e. window seal protection, both are the same. The platbands in salaries are the most informative and sacrally significant, which we will discuss below. Frame platbands, in addition to functionality, are mainly decorative.

From the point of view of woodwork, frame platbands, in order of increasing complexity, are divided into:

• Cut-out - boards or shields are cut along the figured contour, pos. 3.
• Slotted, pos. 4 - a pattern is cut out in the board / shield. They are relatively rare, because. fragile.
• Slotted multi-level, pos. 5, up to 5 or more levels - sawn patterned modules are attached to a solid plain or cut-out base. In addition to strength, multi-level platbands are good because powerful fasteners to the wall are hidden in the tie of the upper levels, and the upper levels themselves can be fastened with small, inconspicuous fasteners.
• With overhead relief details, pos. 6. In our time, technologically, they may turn out to be simpler than cut ones, because. on a tree it looks quite appropriate acc. painted purchased polyurethane relief.
• With low convex thread, pos. 7 - they look great, but very laborious, you need to choose a lot of wood.
• With low depressed thread, pos. 8 - the complexity is less, but the work is more difficult, because very difficult to correct visible flaws.

Note: on pos. 8 shows a casing with the so-called. pillow carving - the corners of the protruding fragments are smoothed. The platbands with pillow carvings look almost as luxurious as those with a convex one, but they are almost as labor-intensive.

As for the colorful decor, the platbands can be painted, pos. 3, unpainted lacquered, pos. 4, or natural look, pos. 7, painted in different colors by levels, pos. 5, 6, and painted entirely, pos. 8. Almost exclusively carved platbands are painted, and natural - from especially resistant wood species (bog oak, etc.)

About the sculpture of architraves

In general, platbands with sculptural carvings, high (round, semicircular) and low, see Fig., could not be mentioned in an article with the tag “do it yourself”. Anyone who knows how to cut wood like that does not need explanations on how to make and put a window trim. But there is one point, little known to experienced craftsmen.

MDF - have you heard? In fact, this is tracing paper with MDF, medium density fiberboard, medium density wood board. The well-known fiberboard is low density fiberboard, low density wood board. And there is also HDF, high density fibreboard, high density fibreboard, which is little known in our country due to its relative high cost. All these materials are quite environmentally friendly, because. obtained by hot pressing wood pulp without synthetic binder, the difference is only in the temperature and pressure of the press.

So, HDF, firstly, subject to 2-fold impregnation with a water-polymer emulsion, is resistant to outdoor conditions. And in terms of viscosity and density, it is suitable for fine wood carving, but it is much cheaper than wood species for artistic carving and is produced in large, absolutely homogeneous slabs. HDF cuts not as well as walnut, but quite similar to oak and beech.

Salary

A complete set of elements of the Russian casing frame is shown on the left in the figure; the names of its parts are also given there. In specific products, certain modules may be absent, because. they overlap in importance.

The teremets with a kokoshnik and an apron have the main sacred meaning; the informative and functional load is carried, as a rule, by heads and overhangs. A tympanum with an apron usually protects from evil, and a kokoshnik with a frill, robes and a window sill are talismans that attract good. Specific figures for both were in old Russia, not only in every village, but almost in every house. What is common to goodness is a circle with radii, rays or wings (the Sun), a bird (the firebird is the heiress of either the phoenix or the simurgh), the horse is a symbol of prosperity and social status, and the fish is the original positive symbol of Christianity. Universal charms from evil - a stylized floral ornament based on useful plants.

Note: the wing, as part of a bird that carries it in the sky, has the same sacred meaning as a bird. The Winged Sun is a good messenger. The Christian six-winged seraphim is nothing but the pagan winged Sun with an angelic face.

In the European-Oriental tradition, the universal symbols of goodness are the cartouche and the medallion. The medallion, of course, is the Sun, and the cartouche is either a stylized tree of life, or the phoenix bird is on it. Both do not contradict both Christianity and ancient Slavic beliefs. In Russia, they even undertook to combine the cartouche with the medallion, for which the teremets of the casing was cut, on the right in fig.

amulets

In the city, the amulet on the tympanum and the kokoshnik were of the greatest importance, they were from damage, the evil eye, etc. The templates of the upper amulets of the window trim of a city house are given in fig. The top one has a cartouche, stylized birds, fish (the tails are clearly visible) and at least 12 other positive elements visible to a knowledgeable person.

The lower one is more for adherents of primordial beliefs. There, in a stylized solar circle, there is some ancient Slavic deity. Which one is not quite clear, but definitely good. Good tramples evil in the form of a snake: note that the lower elements of this board are not symmetrical.

In the countryside, and even more so in the forest, it was considered necessary to protect oneself equally from the upper (evil eye, slander, etc.) and lower evil: creeping reptiles and forest evil spirits. The platbands with a weighted or heavy apron were called to help in this, equal in height or greater than the upper amulet. An example of the upper and lower boards of the architraves-shore with a weighted apron of a village house is given in fig. You can try to decrypt it yourself.

Ornament

Ornaments of window frames are usually built on the basis of the so-called. rapports - elements that are self-adjoint in one direction, forming a linear seamless pattern, on the left in fig. By changing the size and number of rapports, you can quickly develop a slotted casing for any window. Combining only 2-3 rapports, it is possible to get a wide variety of patterns; stencils of several types of fully conjugated rapports are given on the right in fig.

The rapports of the pattern do not have to be completely matched with each other, this will make the pattern visually more complex and effective. For example, the pattern of the top row on the next. rice. is built by flipping "upside down" each subsequent fragment relative to the previous one. The rapports of other ornaments in fig. are conjugated either along broken or curved lines (marked in red).

Note 5: decorating the corners of frame architraves with end elements common to rapport lines often turns out to be difficult, there just isn’t enough space at the corner. In such a case, follow. rice. templates of isosceles ends of the ornament are given. Turned by 45 degrees, linear ornaments can also be built from them. These details are best cut out of plywood, see at the end.

Thread

If you want to make unique carved architraves for yourself, then the main difficulty along the way is the selection of a tool. In addition to flat chisels of 5, 10, 16/18 and 24 mm (pos. A in the figure), you will need oblique ones of the same widths, but always in pairs - right and left, pos. B. Corner chisels will be enough 6, 12 and 18/24 mm at an angle of 90 degrees, pos. AT.

Much more semicircular chisels, pos. G: to start with 4, 8, 13 and 16 mm normal, with a gutter depth equal to its width. 4 and 8 mm chisels will also need deep ones, the so-called. U-shaped, and 13 and 16 mm are also sloping.

For fine artistic carving, you will also need curved chisels-clucarzy normal, sloping and angular at 60 degrees, pos. D1, D2, D3. For pillow carving, you can not do without reverse cranberries for smoothing corners, pos. D2a. The minimum required sizes are marked on pos. D red.

You need to look for chisels for wood carving in art stores, but buying all the initially necessary randomly will be very expensive. It is better to immediately take a set for woodcarving, but not for a fine sculptural one of 40-60 items (pos. E), it will not cost less, and at first it will simply be incomprehensible to you what to do with most of these tools. You need to take a set for beginners from 12-15 items, pos. Well, it will only be necessary to buy knives-jambs at 90 and 60 degrees (shown by arrows in pos. E). With tools from such a set, it will be possible to ennoble cut-out overlays and make rather thin geometric carvings, see Fig.:

Note: if you have the opportunity to use a manual milling machine for wood, then a cut-out or slotted platband can be significantly improved visually by putting a figured chamfer along its edge with a shaped cutter - mug, see fig. on right.

Plywood

The worst packaging plywood, after 2-fold impregnation with a water-polymer emulsion, becomes suitable for medium-level artistic carving, and when painted with water-dispersion paint and varnished with acrylic lacquer, it turns out to be resistant like oak from the outside. But more importantly, the strength of plywood, unlike boards, is almost equal in all directions. Required for the platband minimum thickness in 30 mm it is 5 layers of plywood and 5 levels of trim decoration. In this way, it is possible to make plywood platbands, visually almost as good as the masterpieces of the masters of the past; compare left and center in Fig.

Antique carved platbands, modern plywood platband and jigsaw for sawing out plywood

However, it will take a long time and inaccurately to cut so much plywood with a manual jigsaw, and a joiner's electric jigsaw for such thin lace is unacceptably rude. We need a jigsaw machine, it is also a stationary electric jigsaw, on the right in fig. Branded jigsaws are expensive, but those that are not inferior to them can be made with your own hands from a manual electric jigsaw (which does not deteriorate from this and remains suitable for basic work), an old sewing machine, and other methods, see for example. track. video.

Video: homemade jigsaw for woodcarving

Note: sewing machine machines are the safest and may not be electrified if the machine is foot operated. In this case, the frequency of the file moves is regulated elementarily without any electronics: you just need to jerk your feet more or less often.

The main condition for successful sawing on a jigsaw machine is that you need to fill it with a blade (file) for a manual jigsaw, but not the usual flat one, but a round one, is on sale. Firstly, a round file breaks much less often. Secondly, the jigsaw does not feel the operator's hands. On a sharp corner, working with a flat canvas, without experience, you can “smear” and eat a hole in the corner. A round file goes through the corner like clockwork and does not reach for the part.

Closing note: before assembling a multi-level casing, paint / varnish the details of the levels only on 3 sides, except for the underside, and plant them, in addition to small nails or self-tapping screws, also on glue or silicone sealant. The platband will be much stronger and more durable, because. there will be no gaps between the levels for the accumulation of dust and dirt.